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Objective: Alterations of empathy have been observed in patients with various mental disorders. The Perth Empathy Scale (PES) was recently developed to measure a multidimensional construct of empathy across positive and negative emotions. However, its psychometric properties and clinical applications have not been examined in the Chinese context. Methods: The Chinese version of the PES was developed and administered to a large Chinese sample (n = 1090). Factor structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and convergent, discriminant, as well as concurrent validity were examined. Moreover, 50 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 50 healthy controls were recruited to explore the clinical utility of the PES. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses supported a theoretically congruent three‐factor structure of empathy, namely Cognitive Empathy, Negative Affective Empathy and Positive Affective Empathy. The PES showed good to excellent internal consistency reliability, good convergent and discriminant validity, acceptable concurrent validity, and moderate to high test–retest reliability. Patients with MDD had significantly lower PES scores compared to healthy controls. Linear discriminant function comprised of the three factors correctly differentiated 71% of participants, which further verified the clinical utility of the PES. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the Chinese version of the PES is a reliable and valid instrument to measure cognitive and affective empathy across negative and positive emotions, and could therefore be used in both research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the COMPI Fertility Problem Stress Scale–Short form (COMPI‐FPSS‐SF) and to test its reliability and validity in China. Methods: The cross‐sectional study adopted Brislin's translation model to translate, synthesize, back‐translate, and cross‐culturally adapt the COMPI‐FPSS‐SF for the Chinese setting. A total of 279 infertile women were invited to participate in the study to test the reliability and validity of the scale between March and June 2021. Results: It was verified that the Chinese version of the COMPI‐FPSS‐SF has three domains with nine items. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.907, and the coefficient for each dimension ranged from 0.760 to 0.855. The test–retest validity was 0.891. The exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors with eigenvalues of 4.499, 1.124, and 1.011 and a cumulative variance contribution of 73.706. The validity factor analysis showed good results for the three‐factor structure fit. The criterion‐related validity with the Fertility Inventory Short‐Form Scale was 0.649. The above analysis revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The Chinese version of the COMPI‐FPSS‐SF can be used for the assessment of fertility‐related stress in infertility patients in China with good reliability and validity. Synopsis: The Chinese version of the COMPI‐FPSS‐SF can be used for the assessment of fertility‐related stress in infertility patients in China with good reliability and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short scales are time‐efficient for participants and cost‐effective in research. However, researchers often mistakenly expect short scales to have the same reliability as long ones without considering the effect of scale length. We argue that applying a universal benchmark for alpha is problematic as the impact of low‐quality items is greater on shorter scales. In this study, we proposed simple guidelines for item reduction using the "alpha‐if‐item‐deleted" procedure in scale construction. An item can be removed if alpha increases or decreases by less than.02, especially for short scales. Conversely, an item should be retained if alpha decreases by more than.04 upon its removal. For reliability benchmarks,.80 is relatively safe in most conditions, but higher benchmarks are recommended for longer scales and smaller sample sizes. Supplementary analyses, including item content, face validity, and content coverage, are critical to ensure scale quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although extant research shows detrimental consequences of workaholism, well‐known workaholism scales have been commented on for the lack of construct clarity and validity. The Multidimensional Workaholism Scale (MWS), a new measure developed in the United States, offers both conceptual and psychometric advantages over previous workaholism scales, yet it has not been fully validated in different countries. This study aimed to adapt the MWS to a Northern European context (i.e., the Netherlands) and examine its factorial, convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. To evaluate the psychometric properties and validity of the Dutch version of MWS, a sample of 366 Dutch employees was surveyed. The analyses showed that the subdimensions of the Dutch MWS had internal consistency and convergent validity with obsessive passion, workload, and the Dutch Work Addiction Scale. Moreover, the Dutch MWS showed good discriminant validity and modest incremental validity. Researchers in Dutch‐speaking nations can use the Dutch version to learn more about workaholism. Practitioner points: While the Multidimensional Workaholism Scale (MWS) has advantages over prior scales, its validity in the Netherlands remains unknown.This study evidence that the Dutch version of the MWS shows good internal consistency and aligns well with the workaholism‐related construct network.The MWS is also a useful tool in Northern Europe, known for its healthier work culture.Dutch‐speaking researchers and practitioners can utilize the Dutch version for multidimensional insights into workaholism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current methods used to investigate emotional inference and conflict resolution knowledge are limited in their suitability for use with children with language disorders due to a reliance on language processing. This is problematic, as nearly 8% of the population are estimated to have developmental language disorder (DLD). In this paper, we present 'Zoti's Social Toolkit', a set of animated scenarios that can be used to assess emotion inferencing and conflict resolution knowledge. All animated scenarios contain interpersonal situations centred around a gender‐neutral alien named Zoti. Four studies investigated the face and construct validity of the stimuli. The final stimulus set can be used with children, who may or may not have language difficulties and is openly available for use in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the current standard of treatment for surgical gallbladder removal as it has an overall improved post‐operative recovery compared to Open Cholecystectomy (OC). This has resulted in the loss of exposure to surgical trainees and the associated technical skills and decision‐making required to convert to OC. The aim of this study is to provide construct validity to the proposition that cadaveric simulation can be used successfully to teach and learn open cholecystectomy. Methods: Participants (n = 25) were surveyed on a 9‐point questionnaire using a 5‐point Likert scale to determine their opinion on cadaveric simulation as a tool for teaching OC. Results: Overall respondents deemed the tool as highly translatable. There was no significant correlation in the responses between candidates versus tutors (P = 0.05, r = 0.51). Conclusions: The outcome of the survey revealed that participants agreed that cadaveric simulation is a positive learning tool to aid in OC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of autobiographical memory is challenging in clinical settings. The Autobiographical Fluency Task (AFT) – that is designed to test both Episodic Autobiographical Memory (EAM) and experience‐near Personal Semantics (enPS) – may represent a feasible and rapid method to test access to autobiographical memories. Here we tested the reliability and the construct validity of the AFT. A total number of 51 individuals participated in the present study, with 24 included in Experiment 1 and 27 in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, participants performed both the AFT and the Survey of Autobiographical Memory (SAM). In Experiment 2, participants completed the AFT and the Autobiographical Interview (AI). The AFT showed a moderate‐to‐high reliability. Also, EAM and enPS scores significantly correlated with the episodic subscale of the SAM. Results of Experiment 1 were replicated and expanded in Experiment 2. Again, the AFT showed a high reliability. Both EAM and enPS showed a significant correlation with the number of internal details produced during the AI; enPS also correlated with the number of external details. Overall, the present results show that the AFT may be a feasible instrument to assess autobiographical memory, especially for testing episodic autobiographical memory and experience‐near personal semantics in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the concurrent validity and inter‐rater reliability of vaginal palpation as a measure of the quality of the bearing‐down manoeuvre (BDM) and the detection of a paradoxical levator ani muscle contraction (LAM) in pregnant women, compared with 2D transperineal ultrasound (TPUS). Design: Concurrent validity and inter‐rater reliability study. Setting: Physiotherapy clinic. Population: Twenty pregnant women in their third trimester. Methods: The anterior posterior diameter (APD) was measured during the BDM using TPUS by one experienced physiotherapist. An APD that shortened by >2 mm from rest was described as LAM shortening, an APD that moved by 0–2 mm was described as no change and an APD that lengthened by >2 mm was described as LAM lengthening. Vaginal palpation described the LAM during the BDM as no movement, shortening or lengthening. Participants were allowed two attempts and the best attempt was measured. Main outcome measures: APD using TPUS and the assessor's subjective description of LAM during the BDM using vaginal palpation. Results: TPUS detected more paradoxical LAM contractions during the BDM than palpation. Agreement between vaginal palpation and TPUS assessment for BDM was poor. The Fleiss kappa coefficients were 0.457 (90% CI 0.16–0.71) between TPUS and one assessor and 0.326 (90% CI 0.01–0.6) between TPUS and the other assessor. In addition, inter‐rater reliability was poor between observers palpating the BDM, with a Fleiss kappa coefficient of 0.375 (90% CI 0.13–0.64). Conclusions: This study did not find vaginal palpation of the BDM in pregnant women to have concurrent validity or inter‐rater reliability. Clinicians should be aware of potential inaccuracies when palpating the BDM, and, where possible, seek an assessment via TPUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool (PEDI‐EAT‐10) is a reliable and valid tool for rapid identification of dysphagia in patients aged 18 months to 18 years. Aims: To translate and adapt the PEDI‐EAT‐10 into the Italian language and evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods & Procedures: The translation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the tool consisted of five stages: initial translation, synthesis of the translations, back translation, expert committee evaluation and test of the prefinal version. The internal consistency of the translated tool was analysed in a clinical group composed of 200 patients with special healthcare needs aged between 18 months and 18 years. They were consecutively enrolled at the Rare Disease Unit, Paediatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli‐IRCCS, Rome. For test–retest reliability, 50 caregivers filled in the PEDI‐EAT‐10 questionnaire for a second time after a 2‐week period. Construct validity was established by comparing data obtained from patients with data from healthy participants (n = 200). The study was approved by the local ethics committee. Outcomes & Results: Psychometric data obtained from patients (104 M; mean age = 8.08 ± 4.85 years; median age = 7 years) showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.89) and test–retest reliability (Pearson r = 0.99; Spearman r = 0.96). A total of 30% of children were classified as having a high risk of penetration/aspiration. The Italian PEDI‐EAT‐10 mean total score of the clinical group was significantly different from that resulting from healthy participants. Conclusions & Implications: The PEDI‐EAT‐10 was successfully translated into Italian, validated and found to be a reliable one‐page rapid screening tool to identify dysphagia in children and adolescents with special needs. What this paper adds: What is already known on the subject: The PEDI‐EAT‐10 is a valid and reliable quick discriminative paediatric tool for identifying penetration/aspiration risks. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge: In the present study we successfully translated and adapted the PEDI‐EAT‐10 into the Italian language. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: This translation and adaptation increase access to valid feeding and swallowing assessment for children of Italian‐speaking families. In addition, the I‐PEDI‐EAT‐10 can suggest further assessment of patients' swallowing abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The PedHAL questionnaire is employed in measuring the activities of haemophilia children. The PedHALshort was developed in 2022 to determine the most relevant item for the assessment. Haemo‐QoL questionnaire assesses the quality of life of haemophilia children. Aim: Determine the validity and reliability of the PedHALshort Indonesia language version compared to the Haemo‐QoL in the Indonesian population. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia. The subjects were children (4‐16 years old) with moderate or severe haemophilia A or B with repeated joint bleeding. The daily activity was assessed using the PedHALshorts and Haemo‐QoL. The validity and reliability were tested. The validity was determined with Pearson correlation test, construct validity was assessed using convergent and discriminant validity. The Spearman correlation was used to determine which domains of Haemo‐QoL correlated with PedHALshort. The reliability was analyzed using test‐retest reliability. Cronbach's α was used to determined internal consistency. Results: Fifty children were included in the study (78% haemophilia A, 70% severe group). All domains were valid (r >.284). The convergent validity test showed PedHALshort had a moderate negative correlation with physical health and sports school domain of Haemo‐QoL (r = ‐.479, p <.001). The discriminant validity test showed the PedHALshort demonstrated a moderate negative correlation with physical health (r = ‐.585), view (r = ‐.590), sport school domain (r = ‐.430) in severe haemophilia subjects. The internal consistency of the PedHALshort questionnaire was high (Cronbach's α of.85 (.74–.92)). Conclusion: The PedHALshort is valid and reliable, hence, it can be used to measure the functional physical activity of children with haemophilia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Emerging evidence indicates that incarcerated populations' perceptions of dehumanization by officers are prevalent, yet measures of it are few, and to our knowledge, no self‐report measure of dehumanization from officers exists. To fill this gap, we have developed the Perceived Dehumanization from Officers Scale (PDOS), which is designed as a brief measure to assess perception of officer treatment as dehumanizing. Methods: In this article, we provide preliminary evidence from two studies examining the reliability and validity of the PDOS. In study 1, a jail sample (n = 411), we analyzed the exploratory factor structure, internal consistency, and discriminant validity (in relation to procedural justice [PJ]) of the PDOS. Additionally, using a cross‐sectional ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, we related independent variables with the PDOS, the dependent variable. In Study 2, a prison sample (n = 2993), we confirmed the findings from study 1. Results: The PDOS appears to be a psychometrically sound measure of perceived dehumanization from officers with strong association between perceptions of PJ and perceived dehumanization from officers. Conclusions: The PDOS provides opportunity for future research, intervention through rehumanization efforts, and signals the important officer treatment. Importantly We close by discussing implications of these studies, limitations, and future research directions to further develop and test the PDOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges, particularly for healthcare workers (HCWs). The prolonged struggles exposed the HCWs to a variety of stressors, potentially leading to burnout. Emotional exhaustion is widely recognized as the core component of burnout. This research aims to conceptualize and develop an emotional exhaustion screening questionnaire through literature review, validation, and accuracy testing. Method: A literature review of questionnaires and extraction of items on emotional exhaustion were performed in June 2022. We proceed with the face validity of the items by experts. The items with good content validity ratio and index were selected and reworded to suit the context of HCWs working during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A pilot test of the questionnaire was done in the Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA) from October to December 2022 with a sample of 148 HCWs from the ORCHESTRA cohort to determine its reliability, convergent validity, and accuracy. Results: Our literature review identified 15 validated questionnaires. After exclusion, 32 items were sent for content validation by experts, yielding five final items that proceeded with the pilot test. Resulting in a Cronbach's alpha‐coefficient of.83 for the scale and.78 for dichotomous responses, demonstrating good internal consistency and convergent validity. The result of our accuracy test yielded sensitivity (90.6%) and specificity (91.6%) for the OEEQ scale; and sensitivity (88.7%) and specificity (89.5%) for OEEQ dichotomous responses. Conclusion: This study developed and validated the ORCHESTRA Emotional Exhaustion Questionnaire, demonstrating the questionnaire's clarity, relevance, and comprehensibility in screening emotional exhaustion among HCWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent investigations on how people derive meaning from language have focused on task-dependent shifts between two cognitive systems. The symbolic (amodal) system represents meaning as the statistical relationships between words. The embodied (modal) system represents meaning through neurocognitive simulation of perceptual or sensorimotor systems associated with a word's referent. A primary finding of literature in this field is that the embodied system is only dominant when a task necessitates it, but in certain paradigms, this has only been demonstrated using nouns and adjectives. The purpose of this paper is to study whether similar effects hold with verbs. Experiment 1 evaluated a novel task in which participants rated a selection of verbs on their implied vertical movement. Ratings correlated well with distributional semantic models, establishing convergent validity, though some variance was unexplained by language statistics alone. Experiment 2 replicated previous noun-based location-cue congruency experimental paradigms with verbs and showed that the ratings obtained in Experiment 1 predicted reaction times more strongly than language statistics. Experiment 3 modified the location-cue paradigm by adding movement to create an animated, temporally decoupled, movement-verb judgment task designed to examine the relative influence of symbolic and embodied processing for verbs. Results were generally consistent with linguistic shortcut hypotheses of symbolic-embodied integrated language processing; location-cue congruence elicited processing facilitation in some conditions, and perceptual information accounted for reaction times and accuracy better than language statistics alone. These studies demonstrate novel ways in which embodied and linguistic information can be examined while using verbs as stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the development and tests the validity of the Problem Resolution Scale (PRS)—a single‐item measure developed by researchers at Systemic Practice Research Network (SYPRENE) for assessing the degree to which the focal problem of therapy is perceived as resolved. Data were collected at termination from 747 clients seen across 18 therapists. Results suggested good construct validity, supported by a strong correlation between client and therapist perceptions as assessed by the PRS (r = 0.71, p < 0.001). Good criterion validity was also supported by strong correlations between client‐reported psychological well‐being and functioning at termination and both client‐reported (r = −0.63; p < 0.001) and therapist‐reported (r = −0.66; p < 0.001) problem resolution scores. Linear mixed model regression and stratified correlation analysis controlling for the therapist and presenting problem effects confirmed criterion validity. Results provide initial evidence for the validity and utility of the PRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While hostile attributional bias (a tendency to interpret others' behaviors as intentionally hostile) is associated with negative outcomes in romantic relationships, no measure has been developed specifically for this context. Here, we describe the development and validation of a self‐report questionnaire across three studies, named Hostile Attribution in Romantic Relationships Test. Study 1 introduces the development and preliminary validation (N = 152). Study 2 tests the validity and test–retest stability of the modified version revised based on findings in Study 1 (N = 151). Study 3 reports the translation and validation of a Chinese version (N = 630). The final 9‐vignette scale is the first to specifically measure hostile attribution bias in romantic relationships, with good internal reliability, test–retest stability, and convergent validity. Factor analysis reveals a three‐factor structure reflecting direct hostile attribution, indirect hostile attribution, and benign attribution to partners' behaviors. Implications regarding couple dynamics and clinical therapeutic interventions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the construct validity, reliability, and treatment goal threshold of a Thai‐language version of the 12‐item Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (Thai‐PsAID) questionnaire in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods: This cross‐sectional study involved administering the proposed Thai‐PsAID to 117 Thai patients with PsA. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's α test and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was assessed using Spearman correlation with clinical disease activity index for psoriatic arthritis (cDAPSA), the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), EQ‐5D index, and the patient‐acceptable symptom state (PASS). The optimal cutoff score of the Thai‐PsAID for minimal disease activity (MDA) was determined by receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: Participants had a mean age of 49.5 years, 61 (52.1%) were female, and the median disease duration was 5 years. The median Thai‐PsAID score was 2.1, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of.95 and an ICC of 0.77. The mean time to complete the Thai‐PsAID was 2.1 min, with no missing data. The Thai‐PsAID score demonstrated a moderate correlation with the cDAPSA, HAQ, and EQ‐5D with indices (Spearman's rho of.64,.54, and −.55, respectively). The cutoff of 2.7 has 81%–84% sensitivity and 69%–85% specificity for classifying patients with MDA, satisfied PASS, and indicating no need to escalate medication. Conclusions: The Thai‐PsAID is a valid, reliable, and feasible tool for measuring PsA prognosis. A cutoff of 2.7 accurately discriminates MDA and PASS and indicates no need for medication escalation. The Thai‐PsAID may be used as a standalone measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The ability to effectively regulate one's emotions is important for adolescent mental health. However, extant assessments of how adolescents regulate their emotions can be expanded upon in several ways, including incorporating more strategies (e.g., cultural and spiritual) and positive emotions, and being informed by adolescents and expert consultation during the development process. Thus, our study aimed to improve the construct validity of an emotion regulation measure by adapting and refining the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ) into an adolescent self‐report. Methods: We recruited 24 13–17‐year‐olds (12 males; 11 females; 1 gender fluid) via social media advertisement in the United States in 2020. We used an iterative qualitative approach in which we combined expert consultation, cognitive interviewing with adolescents, and top‐down and bottom‐up coding to review and provide feedback on the ERSQ. Results: Findings of thematic analysis showed that a need for clarity in wording and inclusion of strategy examples across all sections of the ERSQ was needed. Adolescents also identified the need to replace the Silly/Excited section with a more age‐appropriate positive emotion section. Conclusion: Findings indicate cognitive interviewing can be successfully completed in a virtual format when necessary, youth utilize a wider range of strategies to maintain or upregulate positive emotions than what is represented in current measures, and use of qualitative methods may have reduced construct underrepresentation and construct‐irrelevant variance in the adapted ERSQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: The level of knowledge about traumatic dental injuries (TDI) of lay people from a national point of view has never been studied and there is currently a lack of validated research instruments on this issue. The present study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire (TDI‐Q) to assess the knowledge of lay people about TDI, including participants from the five regions of Brazil. Material and Methods: TDI‐Q was drafted, in Brazilian Portuguese, based on the recommendations of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Before its application, TDI‐Q was evaluated by dentists, lay people, linguists, and psychometrists. The questionnaire was applied to measure temporal stability at two distinct times, with an interval of 15–20 days between the two applications: test (n = 110) and retest (n = 50). The presence of floor and ceiling effects were investigated by analyzing the frequency of responses of the questionnaire; convergent construct validity was tested through Spearman's correlation; the Mann–Whitney test was applied to discriminant construct validity. Temporal stability and internal consistency were evaluated through intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Results: The floor and ceiling effects were not observed (0.9% and 2.7%, respectively); convergent validity analysis indicated a positive and strong correlation (r = 0.50; p <.001). Significant discriminant construct validity (p <.05) was observed. Satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.7) and temporal stability (ICC = 0.82, p <.001) were also achieved. Conclusion: TDI‐Q proved to have good psychometric properties and to be a reliable tool for evaluating the knowledge of lay people regarding TDI in the Brazilian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are few short, validated tools to assess young children's obesity‐related dietary behaviours, limiting the rapid screening of dietary behaviours in research and practice‐based early obesity prevention. This study aimed to develop and assess the reliability and validity of a caregiver‐reported short dietary questionnaire to rapidly assess obesity‐related dietary behaviours in children aged 6 months to 5 years. The Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood Dietary Questionnaire (EPOCH‐DQ) was developed using a rigorous process to determine content and structural validity. Three age‐appropriate versions were developed for (1) infants, aged 6–12 months, (2) toddlers, aged 1–2.9 years and (3) pre‐schoolers, aged 3–5 years. The questionnaire (7–15 items) measures dietary behaviours, including diet risk from non‐core food and beverage intake, diet quality from vegetable frequency, bread type and infant feeding practices. Test–retest reliability was assessed from repeated administrations 1 week apart (n = 126). Internal consistency, concurrent validity (against a comparison questionnaire, the InFANT Food Frequency Questionnaire), construct validity and interpretability were assessed (n = 209). Most scores were highly correlated and significantly associated (p < 0.05) for validity (rs: 0.45–0.89, percentage agreement 68%–100%) and reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.61–0.99) for diet risk, diet quality and feeding practice items. The EPOCH‐DQ shows acceptable validity and reliability for screening of obesity‐related behaviours of children under 5 years of age. The short length and, thus, low participant burden of the EPOCH‐DQ allows for potential applications in various settings. Future testing of the EPOCH‐DQ should evaluate culturally and socio‐economically diverse populations and establish the predictive validity and sensitivity to detect change. Key messages: Accurate measurement of obesity‐related dietary behaviours is essential for the evaluation of early obesity prevention programmes and monitoring population trends.The 7–15 item Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood Dietary Questionnaire (EPOCH‐DQ) was shown to have acceptable validity and reliability for assessing obesity‐related behaviours of children aged 6 months to 5 years of age.The short length and thus low participant burden of the EPOCH‐DQ allows for potential applications in various settings, including research, population health monitoring and use by health professionals.Future testing of the EPOCH‐DQ should include evaluation across culturally and socio‐economically diverse populations and determine the predictive validity and sensitivity to detect change of the EPOCH‐DQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study validated the Japanese version of the Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder‐Rating Scale‐5 (ADHD‐RS‐5) and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale. We extended the ADHD‐RS‐5 by adding the oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder subscales to compare the two rating scales psychometrically. Methods: We examined the internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, construct validity and criterion validity of the two rating scales in 135 Japanese outpatients aged 6–18 years. Results: The internal consistency and test‐retest reliability were good for all the subscales of the two rating scales except for the conduct disorder subscale of the ADHD‐RS‐5 extended. Good construct validity was revealed by expected correlational patterns between subscales from the two rating scales and the Children Behavior Checklist. The criterion validity was good for all the subscales of the two rating scales rated by parents, while teacher‐ratings revealed substantially lower predictive ability for all the subscales. Agreement between parent‐ and teacher‐ratings of the two rating scales was generally moderate and using predictive ratings alone of both ratings showed the best predictive ability among the integration methods examined. Conclusion: The two rating scales have sound psychometric properties and will aid in screening and severity assessment of externalizing disorders in Japanese clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the reliability and construct validity of ACTIVLIM‐Hemo, a newly developed Rasch‐built questionnaire designed to evaluate activity limitations in people with haemophilia (PwH), in comparison with the Haemophilia Activities List (HAL), which was developed using Classical Test Theory. Methods: A total of 130 participants with haemophilia A or B were included. They underwent various assessments, including joint health scoring (HJHS), functional tests (TUG and 2MWT) and completed questionnaires such as the BPI, IPAQ, HAL and ACTIVLIM‐Hemo. Reliability indices and the minimum detectable change (MDC95) were determined for ACTIVLIM‐Hemo and for HAL. Construct validity was evaluated through correlations and multiple linear regression, considering demographic and clinical factors. Results: Both ACTIVLIM‐Hemo (Person Separation Index = 0.92) and HAL (Cronbach's α = 0.98) demonstrated high reliability. The MDC95 for ACTIVLIM‐Hemo represented 11.6% of its measurement range, while for HAL, it amounted to 18/100 score points. Activity limitations measured by both instruments were significantly correlated with demographic and clinical factors. Joint health (HJHS), pain severity (BPI) and walking performance (2MWT) emerged as the main predictors of activity limitations, explaining 75% of the variance in ACTIVLIM‐Hemo and 60% in HAL. Conclusion: ACTIVLIM‐Hemo stands as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing activity limitations in PwH. Both instruments exhibited significant correlations with demographic and clinical factors, but ACTIVLIM‐Hemo displayed a more homogeneous construct. Given its linear scale and lower MDC95 and better targeting, ACTIVLIM‐Hemo shows promise as a patient‐centric instrument for assessing responsiveness to treatment during individual follow‐up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To validate and test the reliability of the 10‐Item Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis‐Voice Handicap Index (UVFP‐HI‐10) quality of life (QoL) questionnaire for patients with UVFP. Design: Prospective describe study based on perceptive surveys. Participants: We recruited 61 patients with UVFP and 53 healthy individuals comprised the control group. Main Outcome Measures: Both the patients and controls completed the UVFP‐HI‐10 questionnaire. A statistical analysis was performed to assess the internal consistency and validity of the survey. In addition, maximum phonation time (MPT) was used to objectively measure patient QoL. Results: Internal consistency was high (α =.914) and the correlation with MPT was significant (rs = −0.722). The estimated marginal mean in the discriminant validity study was around seven times higher in the UVFP group compared to the controls. The UVFP‐HI‐10 cut‐off value was more than 0.9 and the sensitivity and specificity were more than 0.8. Conclusions: The UVFP‐HI‐10 is a self‐administered patient‐reported outcome questionnaire with a high reliability and excellent criterion‐based validity. This questionnaire can be used to evaluate specific clinical complaints (e.g., vocalisation, swallowing, and breathing) in terms of their impact on QoL in patients with UVFP. Thus, its use is appropriate as a basic assessment tool as part of a specific UVFP treatment protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term "nei juan" (in English "involution") has become a buzzword in recent Chinese tertiary educational contexts, denoting the intense competition and anxiety among Chinese college students. This project aims to develop a reliable and valid scale measuring Chinese college students' competitive psychology, that is, an Academic Involution Scale for College Students in China (AISCSC). To this end, the scale was administered online to 1015 Chinese college students from a university from the Northern China. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a determination of three factors (i.e., academic behavior, social activity, and social relationship) with a strong psychometric basis. The correlations between students' academic anxiety and their involutional behavior further confirmed the concurrent validity of AISCSC. Practitioner points: Academic behavior, social activity, and social relationship constitute three major dimensions of academic involution for Chinese college students.Involution in the context of education is a multifaceted issue with political, social, and psychological dimensions beyond anxiety, pressure, and competitive motivation that have been previously studied.Unlike the previous studies highlighting the negative psychological effects of involution, Academic Involution Scale for College Students in China ("AISCSC") was moderately and significantly related to the academic anxiety of the subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In order to evaluate interventions aimed at reducing cesarean births, care practitioners' attitudes are important to measure. The Labor Culture Survey (LCS) is a scale that measures individual and unit attitudes towards supporting vaginal birth. As no equivalent scale exists in Sweden, the aim was to translate, adapt, and validate the LCS and to investigate whether there were differences in attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth between maternity care practitioners. Methods: A cross‐sectional study including midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants working with intrapartum care in five labor wards in Sweden. The original LCS was translated into Swedish, and six context‐specific items were developed for the Swedish setting (SLCS). The translation was tested for face validity. Psychometric analysis was conducted using exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis, parallel analysis, and principal axis factoring. Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were calculated to analyze differences in attitudes between professions on the subscales of the S‐LCS. Results: A total of 539 midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants participated. The final S‐LCS showed a five‐factor solution with the following subscales: Best Practices to reduce cesarean overuse, Unpredictability of vaginal birth, Unit Microculture, Maternal Agency, and Organizational Oversight. Chronbach alpha values varied from 0.60 to 0.83. Midwives were more supportive towards vaginal birth and less fearful of potential consequences of vaginal birth compared with physicians. Conclusions: The S‐LCS demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties for use in Swedish maternity care. Further work to improve the scale should include additional items reflecting the subscale Maternal Agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helping individuals make a career decision is a key aim of career counseling. Determining how to encourage self‐regulated learning and behaviors needed to achieve this goal often underlies career interventions. The English version of the Career Exploration Behavior survey (CEB‐E) measures activities individuals engage in to learn about career options. The present study explored the psychometric properties of the CEB and its impact on various career outcomes. In the first study (N = 498), a good‐fitting second‐order factor model with four group‐level scales and loadings was retained as the best model. In the second study (N = 143), convergent validity and incremental validity of the CEB dimensions were explored through correlation and regression analyses. The CEB predicted commitment making, metacognitions, and vocational identity. Results suggest the CEB‐E is a psychometrically sound assessment of career exploration behaviors with potential utility for theory development, program evaluation, and monitoring client progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving parental sensitivity is an important objective of interventions to support families. This study examined reliability and validity of parental sensitivity ratings using a novel package of an e‐learning tool and an interactive decision tree provided through a mobile application, called the OK! package. Independent raters assessed parental sensitivity using the OK! package (N = 11 raters) and the NICHD Parental Sensitivity rating scales (N = 22 raters) on the basis of videotaped mother‐child interactions at 10‐ or 12‐months‐old (N = 294) and at 24‐months‐old (N = 204) from the Dutch longitudinal cohort study Generation2. Mothers reported on children's externalizing and internalizing problems and social competence when children were 4 and 7 years old. Results showed excellent single interrater reliability for raters using the OK! package (mean ICC =.79), and strong evidence for convergent validity at 10‐ or 12‐month‐old (r =.57) and 24‐month‐old (r =.65). Prospective associations of neither parental sensitivity rated using the OK! package or the NICHD Parental Sensitivity rating scales with child developmental outcomes were statistically significant (p >.05), with overlapping 95% confidence intervals for both measures. The OK! package provides a promising direction for testing alternatives to current training and instruction modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the fractional third‐order dispersive partial differential equations were investigated by using Shehu decomposition and variational iteration transform methods. The well known Riemann‐Liouville fraction integral, Caputo's fractional‐order derivative, Shehu transform for fractional‐order derivatives and Mittag‐Leffler function were used as the major basis of the methodology. The graphs and table show the solution behavior for various fractional order values. The comparison provided the signed agreement of the solutions to each other as well as with the exact result. The accurateness and efficiency of the suggested techniques are examined using two numerical experiments. The reliability and validity tests show that for various fractional‐order values, the newly proposed method is reliable, accurate, and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partners play an important role in chronic diseases. Despite the chronic disease burden in sub- Saharan Africa, very few culturally relevant quantitative measures of intimate relationship functioning are available. We conducted an empirical investigation evaluating the psychometric properties of the South African Relationship Functioning Assessment (SARFA) assessing healthy relationship functioning in N = 150 community members (50% women; M age = 27.2 years) living in the Vulindlela area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Item development was based on prior qualitative research from two South African communities. All assessments were conducted in isiZulu, participants' primary language. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the initial 39-item measure. The best-fitting model consisted of one factor with 22 items. The SARFA's internal consistency was a = .94. Convergent validity was observed via significant positive associations (all rs = .38, p < .001) between the SARFA's total score and measures of trust, emotional intimacy, constructive communication, sexual satisfaction, and relationship control (women only). Divergent validity was observed for women only. Encouraging initial psychometric properties of a culturally relevant measure of relationship functioning in KwaZulu-Natal may have relevance to other communities and potential to be used in research involving couples and health in chronic disease-burdened communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the validity of the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D‐KEFS) in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) population compared to participants with orthopaedic injuries and normative controls. The utility of the D‐KEFS was examined using a between groups design. One hundred patients with mild uncomplicated to severe TBI were recruited from a consecutive cohort of patients admitted as inpatients to a UK Major Trauma Centre and compared to 823 participants from the D‐KEFS normative sample and 26 participants with orthopaedic injuries. Data were filtered for performance validity. Sample discrimination was calculated from D‐KEFS subtest scores and derived index scores. Sensitivity to TBI severity was established. The TBI participants performed significantly lower on the D‐KEFS Trail Making Test, Colour Word Interference, Colour Word Switching, Letter Fluency and Verbal Fluency Category Switching Total Words Correct. The D‐KEFS index scores discriminated between TBI, orthopaedic and normative participants with large and moderate effect sizes, respectively. The D‐KEFS demonstrated a dose–response relationship with TBI severity. These effects were robust to differences in premorbid intellectual functioning; however, D‐KEFS performance was sensitive to performance on tests of mental processing speed. The use of a D‐KEFS index score provides a robust and reliable discrimination of TBI patients from healthy control participants. This discrimination is not accounted for by premorbid intellect or the non‐specific effects of trauma. The clinical and conceptual implications of these findings are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To develop and validate an electronic, patient‐reported outcomes measure (PROM) specific for genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) patients. The PROM aimed to accurately assess the burden of GSM symptoms, their impact on health‐related and sexual quality of life, and the acceptability of vaginal treatments. Methods: The study encompassed a comprehensive three‐stage approach to the development and validation of the PROM. Initially, during the preliminary design stage, the necessity for a new PROM was recognized, an expert panel was formed, and semi‐structured qualitative interviews were carried out with GSM patients. In the second stage, the study used the five‐step pre‐validation methodology established by Prior et al. to generate and refine the PROM items. The third and final stage encompassed the determination of scale and item content validity indexes to ensure validity. Additionally, the reliability of each construct was evaluated using Cronbach's α. Results: The resulting PROM was named GSM‐SVTAQ (GSM‐symptoms and vaginal treatments acceptability questionnaire). It demonstrated excellent validity in assessing symptoms burden, health‐related and sexual quality of life, and vaginal treatment acceptability, with high content validity indices and strong internal consistency. The scale content validity indices and Cronbach's α coefficients for the three domains were (0.926, 0.939), (0.875, 0.947), and (0.824, 0.855), respectively. Conclusion: The GSM‐SVTAQ stands as the first GSM‐specific, valid, and reliable PROM capable of comprehensively measuring the three components of GSM and the acceptability of vaginal treatments. Its implementation has the potential to significantly enhance patient care and outcomes in GSM management. Synopsis: The study developed and validated GSM‐SVTAQ, a reliable measure for genitourinary syndrome of menopause, assessing symptoms burden, quality of life, and vaginal treatment acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim was to develop and pilot a patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) to assess symptoms of parastomal hernia (PSH). Methods: Standard questionnaire development was undertaken (phases 1–3). An initial list of questionnaire domains was identified from validated colorectal cancer PROMs and from semi‐structured interviews with patients with a PSH and health professionals (phase 1). Domains were operationalized into items in a provisional questionnaire, and 'think‐aloud' patient interviews explored face validity and acceptability (phase 2). The updated questionnaire was piloted in patients with a stoma who had undergone colorectal surgery and had a computed tomography scan available for review. Patient‐reported symptoms were examined in relation to PSH (phase 3). Three sources determined PSH presence: (i) data about PSH presence recorded in hospital notes, (ii) independent expert review of the computed tomography scan and (iii) patient report of being informed of a PSH by a health professional. Results: For phase 1, 169 and 127 domains were identified from 70 PROMs and 29 interviews respectively. In phase 2, 14 domains specific to PSH were identified and operationalized into questionnaire items. Think‐aloud interviews led to three minor modifications. In phase 3, 44 completed questionnaires were obtained. Missing data were few: 5/660 items. PSH symptom scores associated with PSH presence varied between different data sources. The scale with the most consistent differences between PSH presence and absence and all data sources was the stoma appearance scale. Conclusion: A PROM to examine the symptoms of PSH has been developed from the literature and views of key informants. Although preliminary testing shows it to be understandable and acceptable it is uncertain if it is sensitive to PSH‐specific symptoms and further psychometric testing is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reliable dietary data for children are necessary to investigate associations with health outcomes. The present study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to determine the frequency of intakes of specific healthy and unhealthy food groups in young children. Methods: Participants were 5–9‐year‐old South African children (n = 920) from 10 urban schools. Their parents completed a demographic questionnaire and the food intake questionnaire with food pictures. Based on the literature, four healthy food groups (fruits, vegetables, milk, meat/fish/poultry/eggs) and six unhealthy food groups (hot and cold sugar‐sweetened beverages, candy, salty snacks, cakes and fast foods) were included, with five different frequency responses. Six experienced nutritionists assessed the face validity and content validity. After pilot testing, construct validity and homogeneity were determined in the participants. Convergent validity was determined using urinary sodium and potassium concentrations as biological intake markers. Results: Nutritionists confirmed face and content validity. Caregivers confirmed understanding of the questionnaire. Three factors explained 50.2% of the variance, with most unhealthy food groups as factor 1, fruits and vegetables as factor 2, and animal source protein and milk groups clustered with sugar‐sweetened beverages as factor 3. The frequency of milk group, fruits and vegetables intake correlated negatively, whereas the frequency of salty snacks and fast foods intakes correlated positively with the urinary sodium:potassium ratio. Conclusions: The healthy and unhealthy food group questionnaire has advantages of low respondent burden, as well as acceptable content and convergent validity in South African children. The questionnaire may be used to investigate associations between food intakes and health outcomes. Key points: Simplified methods to collect data on the food consumption of children are required in epidemiological studies.Intakes from specific food groups, namely fruits, vegetables, sugar‐sweetened beverages and snacks, salty snacks, and fast foods, are important.A healthy and unhealthy food group questionnaire was validated and showed acceptable content and convergent validity in South African children.The food group questionnaire has a low respondent burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Care complexity can occur when patients experience health challenges simultaneously with social barriers including food and/or housing insecurity, lack of transportation or other factors that impact care and patient outcomes. People with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may experience care complexity due to the chronicity of their condition and other biopsychosocial factors. There are few standardised instruments that measure care complexity and none that measure care complexity specifically in people with RA. Objectives: We assessed the content validity of the INTERMEDS Self‐Assessment (IMSA) instrument that measures care complexity with a sample of adults with RA and rheumatology healthcare providers (HCPs). Cognitive debriefing interviews utilising a reparative framework were conducted. Methods: Patient participants were recruited through two existing studies where participants agreed to be contacted about future studies. Study information was also shared through email blasts, posters and brochures at rheumatology clinic sites and trusted arthritis websites. Various rheumatology HCPs were recruited through email blasts, and divisional emails and announcements. Interviews were conducted with nine patients living with RA and five rheumatology HCPs. Results: Three main reparative themes were identified: (1) Lack of item clarity and standardisation including problems with item phrasing, inconsistency of the items and/or answer sets and noninclusive language; (2) item barrelling, where items asked about more than one issue, but only allowed a single answer choice; and (3) timeframes presented in the item or answer choices were either too long or too short, and did not fit the lived experiences of patients. Items predicting future healthcare needs were difficult to answer due to the episodic and fluctuating nature of RA. Conclusions: Despite international use of the IMSA to measure care complexity, patients with RA and rheumatology HCPs in our setting perceived that it did not have content validity for use in RA and that revision for use in this population under a reparative framework was unfeasible. Future instrument development requires an iterative cognitive debriefing and repair process with the population of interest in the early stages to ensure content validity and comprehension. Patient or Public Contribution: Patient and public contributions included both patient partners on the study team and people with RA who participated in the study. Patient partners were involved in study design, analysis and interpretation of the findings and manuscript preparation. Data analysis was structured according to emergent themes of the data that were grounded in patient perspectives and experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changepoints are abrupt variations in a sequence of data in statistical inference. In educational and psychological assessments, it is essential to properly differentiate examinees' aberrant behaviours from solution behaviour to ensure test reliability and validity. In this paper, we propose a sequential Bayesian changepoint detection algorithm to monitor the locations of changepoints for response times in real time and, subsequently, further identify types of aberrant behaviours in conjunction with response patterns. Two simulation studies were conducted to investigate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed detection procedure in terms of identifying one or multiple changepoints at different locations. In addition to manipulating the number and locations of changepoints, two types of aberrant behaviours were also considered: rapid guessing behaviour and cheating behaviour. Simulation results indicate that ability estimates could be improved after removing responses from aberrant behaviours identified by our approach. Two empirical examples were analysed to illustrate the application of the proposed sequential Bayesian changepoint detection procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the construct validity and between‐day reliability of projection pursuit regression (PPR) from oscillatory lower body negative pressure (OLBNP) and squat‐stand maneuvers (SSMs). Nineteen participants completed 5 min of OLBNP and SSMs at driven frequencies of 0.05 and 0.10 Hz across two visits. Autoregulatory plateaus were derived at both point‐estimates and across the cardiac cycle. Between‐day reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Bland–Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement (LOA), coefficient of variation (CoV), and smallest real differences. Construct validity between OLBNP‐SSMs were quantified with Bland–Altman plots and Cohen's d. The expected autoregulatory curve with positive rising and negative falling slopes were present in only ~23% of the data. The between‐day reliability for the ICCs were poor‐to‐good with the CoV estimates ranging from ~50% to 70%. The 95% LOA were very wide with an average spread of ~450% for OLBNP and ~350% for SSMs. Plateaus were larger from SSMs compared to OLBNPs (moderate‐to‐large effect sizes). The cerebral pressure‐flow relationship is a complex regulatory process, and the "black‐box" nature of this system can make it challenging to quantify. The current data reveals PPR analysis does not always elicit a clear‐cut central plateau with distinctive rising/falling slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Implementation of research findings in clinical practice often is not realized or only partially achieved, and if so, with a significant delay. Learning health systems (LHSs) hold promise to overcome this problem by embedding clinical research and evidence‐based best practices into care delivery, enabling innovation and continuous improvement. Implementing an LHS is a complex process that requires participation and resources of a wide range of stakeholders, including healthcare leaders, clinical providers, patients and families, payers, and researchers. Engaging these stakeholders requires communicating clear, tangible value propositions. Existing models identify broad categories of benefits but do not explicate the full range of benefits or ways they can manifest in different organizations. Methods: To develop such a framework, a working group with representatives from six Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs reviewed existing literature on LHS characteristics, models, and goals; solicited expert input; and applied the framework to their local LHS experiences. Results: The Framework of LHS Benefits includes six categories of benefits (quality, safety, equity, patient satisfaction, reputation, and value) relevant for a range of stakeholders and defines key concepts within each benefit. Applying the framework to five LHS case examples indicated preliminary face validity across varied LHS approaches and revealed three dimensions in which the framework is relevant: defining goals of individual LHS projects, facilitating collaboration based on shared values, and establishing guiding tenets of an LHS program or mission. Conclusion: The framework can be used to communicate the value of an LHS to different stakeholders across varied contexts and purposes, and to identify future organizational priorities. Further validation will contribute to the framework's evolution and support its potential to inform the development of tools to evaluate LHS impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Specific questionnaires about food allergy and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) have been developed and validated in several languages, but not Finnish. We aimed to validate the Finnish Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Parent Form (FAQLQ‐PF) for children under age 13 years. Methods: The original FAQLQ‐PF and Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM) were translated into Finnish per World Health Organisation guidelines and tested by 72 parents of children under age 13 years with suspected severe peanut or tree nut allergy who were recruited at Allergy Centre in Tampere University Hospital in Tampere, Finland. We calculated the construct validity of the questionnaire by calculating the coefficients between the two measures and used Cronbach's alpha to establish the internal consistency. Results: The FAQLQ‐PF showed strong correlations with domain structure and internal consistency, based on Spearman's correlations (rho) for the HRQoL questions, FAIM questions and FAIM mean values. The total questionnaire score correlated significantly with the mean FAIM (rho = 0.95, p < 0.001) and individual FAIM questions. The FAQLQ‐PF and domains had good or excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.70). Conclusion: The Finnish FAQLQ‐PF demonstrated good construct validity and excellent internal consistency for measuring food allergy HRQoL in children under age 13 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed the Couple Interaction Pattern Scale (CIPS) based on the interpersonal theory, comprising five subscales: friendly complementary (FC), hostile complementary (HC), mutual hostile‐dominant (MHD), friendly‐dominant eliciting hostile‐submissive (FDHS), and hostile‐dominant eliciting friendly‐submissive (HDFS). The psychometric properties of the CIPS were examined through three independent studies. Study one conducted item reduction and preliminary analysis using a sample of 662 married individuals, with an additional 80 married individuals for test–retest reliability assessment. Study two validated the scale through 1207 married individuals. In study three, the effect of couple interaction pattern (CIP) on marital quality was analyzed among 310 newlywed couples using the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM). Results supported the construct validity, acceptable internal consistency, and test–retest reliability of the CIPS. Besides, concurrent validity was also proved by associations with conflictual communication patterns, marital quality, stability, emotional connection, and perceived partner support. APIM analysis also supported the association between CIP and marital quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Drinking expectancies, the perceived consequences of alcohol consumption, are noted to predict drinking behaviours. However, there is comparatively little research of drinking expectancies in non‐Western populations. This study aimed to develop and validate a Chinese Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire (CDEQ‐Adult) for Chinese young adults. Methods: Face and content validity were first assessed of items generated from literature review and previously conducted focus groups. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted with split‐half samples from a random telephone survey that was conducted on Hong Kong Chinese adults between the ages of 18–34 (n = 675). The instrument's convergent validity and internal reliability were also examined. Results: The preliminary instrument items showed good content validity (Item Content Validity Index range: 0.8–1.0). The EFA yielded a 31‐item, five‐factor model consisting of five domains: Negative Consequences, Interpersonal Benefits, Increased Confidence, Health Benefits and Tension/Stress Reduction (variance explained 63.7%). The CFA revealed that the fit indices for the five‐factor model using diagonal weighted least squares estimator were χ2 (256, N = 338) = 394.04, p < 0.001, comparative fit index 0.97, SRMR 0.07, RMSEA 0.06 (95% confidence interval 0.06, 0.08), suggesting a good fit of the model. The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.94, 0.90, 0.86, 0.77 and 0.57, respectively for each of the five domains (n = 675). Significant associations with past month drinking behaviours and future drinking intentions give strong support for convergent validity. Discussion and Conclusions: The CDEQ‐Adult is a culturally relevant instrument for assessing drinking expectancies in Chinese young adults for use in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Thinking about Life Experiences (TALE) Scale is well‐used in the autobiographical memory literature. Through rigorous examination of its psychometric properties, this study aimed to validate a Korean version of the Thinking About Life Experiences Scale (TALE‐K) with Korean adults. Data were collected through an online survey. The TALE‐K, and for convergent validity purposes the Korean‐Reminiscence Functions Scale for the Elderly (K‐RFS‐E), were administered to participants aged 19 years to 77. Data from 440 community participants were analyzed. Structural validity and convergent validity were confirmed. Measurement invariance was confirmed across gender but it was partially confirmed across age group. Overall, Cronbach's αs for the three subscales and intra‐class correlation coefficients were good to excellent. The TALE‐K seems to be a reliable, valid self‐report instrument for measuring three autobiographical memory functions (i.e., self‐continuity, social‐bonding, and directing‐behavior functions) in Korean adults. Further studies to better understand autobiographical memory functions in different age groups are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To assess awake and sleep bruxism, the Standardised Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB) is currently being developed. The STAB will be a comprehensive tool for the detailed assessment of bruxism behaviour itself as well as of its possible consequences, causes, and comorbid conditions. Objective: Since the STAB cannot fully meet the 'A4 principle' for a bruxism assessment tool, i.e., being Accurate (reliable and valid), Applicable (feasible), Affordable (cost‐effective), and Accessible (suitable for everyday clinical use), the Bruxism Screener (BruxScreen) has been developed to be used in large‐scale epidemiological research projects and, especially, in general, dental practices. Methods: The BruxScreen consists of two parts: a questionnaire (BruxScreen‐Q) to be completed by patients, and a clinical assessment form (BruxScreen‐C) to be completed by dentists. Results: This paper describes the development of the BruxScreen and provides the outcomes of the pilot testing phase and the face validity assessment (i.e. that the first impressions of the tool indicate that it adequately reflects the construct to be measured). Conclusion: The resulting BruxScreen is considered ready for more profound psychometric testing in the general dental setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop a scale to determine parents' attitudes and beliefs regarding fluoride varnish. Design and methods: This study had a cross‐sectional design and was conducted between 2019 and 2021. A total of 810 parents were included in the study sample. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), discriminant validity, and convergent validity methods were used to estimate the scale validity. For reliability, the Cronbach alpha coefficient, item‐total correlation coefficients, and test–retest method were used. Results: As a result of psychometric analysis, the scale was found to have a three‐factor structure. The factor loads of the items were between 0.838 and 0.715. The three‐factor construct showed a good fit in confirmatory factor analysis (X2(41): 110.06, p <.001; RMSEA: 0.065; RMSR, 0.02; GFI, 0.95; and NFI, 0.94). Cronbach's α coefficient on the scale was 0.85. The item‐total correlation of the scale was found to be between 0.355 and 0.626. The test–retest intra‐class correlation coefficient of the scale was 0.72. Conclusions: This study suggests that the developed scale is a reliable tool to evaluate the attitudes and beliefs of parents toward fluoride varnish. It is thought that the scale will make a contribution to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Professionals providing self‐management support to parents regarding the care for their child with a chronic condition nowadays is an important aspect of child healthcare. This requires professionals to orient themselves towards partnership and collaboration with parents. The aims of the current study were the development and validation of the S‐Scan‐Parental self‐management Support (S‐scan ‐ PS) as a tool for healthcare professionals to reflect on their attitude and practices regarding the support for parental self‐management. Methods: An existing instrument was adapted together with field experts for professionals to self‐evaluate their support for self‐management of parents. The resulting 36‐item self‐report questionnaire was filled in by healthcare professionals in the Netherlands working with children and their parents. Cognitive interviews, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and test–retest reliability analysis were part of the development and validation process. Results: In total, 434 professionals, including physicians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and nurses, from 13 rehabilitation institutes and 5 medical centres participated. The cognitive interviews with child healthcare professionals indicated adequate face and content validity. The S‐scan ‐ PS scale had acceptable internal consistency (0.71 ≤ α ≤ 0.91) for the total score as well as the domain scores. CFA showed acceptable root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) model fit (0.066), though not on other tested goodness‐of‐fit indices. Test–retest reliability of the instrument was moderate with an average intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.61. Conclusions: The S‐scan ‐ PS fulfils important psychometric criteria for use by child healthcare professionals to reflect on parental self‐management support. Such self‐reflection might help to improve their approach towards supporting self‐management of parents in the care for their child with a chronic condition. Further research is needed into the construct validity and test–retest reliability of the instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the Urticaria Control Test (UCT), a patient-reported outcome measure used to assess disease control in chronic urticaria (CU). The study aimed to validate the UCT in a real-world population by analyzing data from 1357 CU patients. The results showed that all four questions of the UCT are relevant in measuring disease control, and no question could be omitted without affecting the construct validity. The authors suggest that the four-question approach should be retained, but further studies are needed to confirm these findings in different populations and languages. [Extracted from the article]

Background: A simple self‐assessment screening questionnaire for olfactory dysfunction is direly needed in Rhinology practice, and this questionnaire should be accessible to affected individuals. The self‐reported mini olfactory questionnaire (Self‐MOQ), constructed to fill this gap, could be an important tool, especially in the era of telemedicine. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the self‐reported mini olfactory questionnaire (Self‐MOQ) in patients with olfactory dysfunction. Methodology: This cross‐sectional study included all adult patients who visited a rhinology clinic between January and June 2023 with a complaint of olfactory dysfunction and a control group. The participants completed a questionnaire that included items on demographics, risk factors of olfactory dysfunction, the olfaction VAS, SNOT‐22, and Arabic Self‐MOQ. The Self‐MOQ was forward‐ and back‐translated by qualified professional translators familiar with American English and Arabic. The reliability of the Arabic Self‐MOQ was evaluated using Cronbach's α. The test–retest reliability was assessed by estimating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the total Arabic Self‐MOQ score and the individual items. The discriminative ability was examined by comparing the scores of the case and control groups. The construct validity was assessed by comparing the Arabic Self‐MOQ to the olfaction VAS. Results: The study sample included 307 respondents (196 cases and 111 controls; 34 undertook the retest). The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.92 (total Self‐MOQ) and considered excellent. The ICC for the total Self‐MOQ score was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.757, 0.933; p <.001), which indicated good test–retest reliability. Strong correlations were observed between the Self‐MOQ items and VAS scores (r = 0.732, p <.001), (r = 0.689, p <.001). Conclusion: The current investigation showed the Arabic version of the Self‐MOQ to be a reliable tool for olfactory dysfunction screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Missingness due to not‐reached items and omitted items has received much attention in the recent psychometric literature. Such missingness, if not handled properly, would lead to biased parameter estimation, as well as inaccurate inference of examinees, and further erode the validity of the test. This paper reviews some commonly used IRT based models allowing missingness, followed by three popular examinee scoring methods, including maximum likelihood estimation, maximum a posteriori, and expected a posteriori. Simulation studies were conducted to compare these examinee scoring methods across these commonly used models in the presence of missingness. Results showed that all the methods could infer examinees' ability accurately when the missingness is ignorable. If the missingness is nonignorable, incorporating those missing responses would improve the precision in estimating abilities for examinees with missingness, especially when the test length is short. In terms of examinee scoring methods, expected a posteriori method performed better for evaluating latent traits under models allowing missingness. An empirical study based on the PISA 2015 Science Test was further performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Parental responses to children's negative emotions (PRCNE) constitute a critical construct in the study of emotion socialization in children and adolescents. The objective of this research was to develop and validate a concise scale for assessing how adolescents perceive PRCNE in a Chinese context, resulting in the creation of the parental varied responses to Chinese adolescents' negative emotions (PVRCANE) scale. The PVRCANE aims to evaluate seven forms of PRCNE, including the six types encompassed by the commonly used Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale‐Adolescent Version (CCNES‐AV), as well as an additional, culturally specific category frequently seen in Chinese families: didactic talk and teaching. Methods: In Study 1, a group of participants (N = 901, Mage = 13.39 years, SD = 0.92) completed the initial PVRCANE and the CCNES‐Adolescent Version. In Study 2: A separate group of participants (N = 320, Mage = 13.54 years, SD = 0.57) filled in PVRCANE and scales evaluating parental socialization goals and adolescents' depressive symptoms. Results: In Study 1, factor analyses showed that a four‐factor structure best fit the data, leading to the final version of the PVRCANE, which includes 35 items. PVRCANE scores exhibited good internal consistency (Omega > 0.79) and convergent validity, demonstrated by their close correlation with traditional CCNES scores. Study 2 confirmed the PVRCANE's measurement invariance for both male and female parents and demonstrated criterion validity by showing significant relationships between PVRCANE scores, parental socialization goals, and adolescents' symptoms of depression. Conclusion: The PVRCANE is a brief, valid, and reliable scale for assessing PRCNE in Chinese adolescents. The study concludes with a discussion on future directions and how this research enhances the existing literature on emotion socialization, with a particular emphasis on the scale's potential application in other cultural settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosing autism or ID using a gold‐standard tool can be time‐consuming, costly, and requires training, which is generally limited in Nigeria, and the rest of Africa. Screening, on the other hand, can be quick and effective, with minimal training depending on the tool (Iragorri & Spackman, Public Health Reviews, 2018;39(1):17), thus making the availability of short screeners a necessity in Nigeria, and the rest of Africa. We identified four screening tools through a previously completed systematic review (Nwokolo et al., Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2022;1–23.), two (SCQ and AQ‐10) for autism and two (SCIL and CAIDS‐Q) for ID, which appeared appropriate for validation for use within African nations. The Nominal Group Technique was used with a purposive group of professionals, parents, and laypersons to select and adapt the existing screening tools for autism and ID for use with older children and adolescents in Nigeria. The group examined the screening tools for cultural relevance, face and content validity. Following the discussions, items were either (1) accepted in the original form or (2) more culturally appropriate examples chosen if at least 75% of participants agreed. The group selected the SCQ for autism and the SCIL for ID. The minimum agreement on all autism and ID measures items was 84%, and this indicated the measures had face and content validity for use within Nigeria. Following the recommendations and consensus of the group, the SCQ and the SCIL 14–17 were agreed on as measures to be validated with the Nigerian adolescents, with only a small number of adjustments needed to allow for different use of language, customs and environment in the Nigerian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bariatric surgery is a proven effective method of reducing obesity and reversing or preventing obesity‐related comorbidities. The aim of this study is to describe the development of a tool to assist with the prioritization of patients with obesity for bariatric surgery. The tool would meet the criteria for being evidence‐based, fair, implementable and transparent. Methods: The development of the tool involved a validated step‐by‐step process based on the consensus of clinical judgement of the New Zealand Ministry of Health working party. The process involved elicitation of criteria, clinical ranking of vignettes and creation of weightings using the 1000Minds® tool. The concurrent validity was tested by comparing tool rankings of vignettes to clinical judgement rankings. Results: Four major criteria (impact on life, likelihood of achieving maximum benefit with respect to control of diabetes, duration of benefit and surgical risk) are used to characterize the need and potential to benefit. The impact on life criterion has the largest weighting (up to 44.3%). There was good concurrent validity with a correlation coefficient r = 0.67. Conclusion: The tool as presented is evidence‐based, transparent and internally valid. The next step is to assess the predictive validity of the tool using real patient data to evaluate the effectiveness of the tool and determine what modifications may be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study examines the psychometric properties of the online version of the sharenting evaluation scale (SES) with a sample of Iranian parents. Methods: A sample population of 240 parents (25% fathers and 75% mothers) with an average age of 39.63 (standard deviation = 10.41) were selected by convenience sampling method and completed the Persian version of the SES online. Results: Findings showed that concurrent validity of the SES with social comparison and social well being was within the acceptable range. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the SES was 0.92, and for the subscales of self‐control, social behavior, and implications were, respectively, 0.84, 0.71, and 0.70, which indicated good internal consistency between the items. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the Persian version of this scale same as the English version. The Persian version of the SES demonstrated psychometric properties of validity and reliability within the acceptable range (α =.70 and.84). In the present study, the results of convergent validity showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between sharing and constructs, such as social comparison, self‐control, implications, and social behaviors, but no significant relationship was found between social well being and sharing. Conclusions: Persian version of the SES is a suitable scale to measure the degree to which parents share their children's sensitive content on the Internet and social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]