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2021 MAY 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- According to news reporting based on a preprint abstract, our journalists obtained [...]

OBJECTIVE--NEUROG3 plays a central role in the development of both pancreatic islets and enteroendocrine cells. Homozygons hypomorphic missense mutations in NEUROG3 have been recently associated with a rare form of congenital malabsorptive diarrhea secondary to enteroendocrine cell dysgenesis. Interestingly, the patients did not develop neonatal diabetes but childhood-onset diabetes. We hypothesized that null mutations in NEUROG3 might be responsible for the disease in a patient with permanent neonatal diabetes and severe congenital malabsorptive diarrhea. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--The single coding exon of NEUROG3 was amplified and sequenced from genomic DNA. The mutant protein isoforms were functionally characterized by measuring their ability to bind to an E-box element in the NEUROD1 promoter in vitro and to induce ectopic endocrine cell formation and cell delamination after in ovo chicken endoderm electroporation. RESULTS--Two different heterozygous point mutations in NEUROG3 were identified in the proband [c.82G>T (p.E28X) and c.404T>C (p.L135P)], each being inherited from an unaffected parent. Both in vitro and in vivo functional studies indicated that the mutant isoforms are biologically inactive. In keeping with this, no enteroendocrine cells were detected in intestinal biopsy samples from the patient. CONCLUSIONS--Severe deficiency of neurogenin 3 causes a rare novel subtype of permanent neonatal diabetes. This finding confirms the essential role of NEUROG3 in islet development and function in humans., Permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM), defined as diabetes diagnosed within the first 6 months of life, is a rare condition with an estimated incidence of 1 in 260,000 live births (1). [...]

A patent application by inventor Minoru Ko from Keio University in Tokyo, Japan, has been made available online. The patent application describes a method for differentiating pluripotent stem cells into desired cell types. The inventor has created a human gene expression correlation matrix using human cells, and has confirmed that human pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into a desired cell type by introducing a transcription factor cocktail selected from the matrix into the stem cells. The patent application includes specific methods for differentiating pluripotent stem cells into neural cells and hepatoblasts/liver cells. This patent application describes methods and inducers for differentiating pluripotent stem cells into specific cell types. The methods involve introducing specific transcription factors into the stem cells to induce differentiation into hepatoblasts, liver cells, hematopoietic stem cells, blood cells, chondrocytes, or neural cells. The inducers include various combinations of transcription factors that can drive the differentiation process. The patent application provides detailed information on the specific transcription factors and their roles in cell differentiation. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Indiana University explores the role of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex in the development and expansion of pancreatic endocrine cells in mice. The study found that the removal of specific subunits of the complex resulted in glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, and hypoinsulinemia in the mice, as well as reduced islet number and altered gene expression programs. The research highlights the critical role of the SWI/SNF complex in regulating gene expression essential for endocrine cell development. The data from the study has been deposited into the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database for further analysis. [Extracted from the article]

Harvard College researchers have submitted a patent application for a method of inducing differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and maintaining their pluripotency. The method involves delivering a nucleic acid containing an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a transcription factor (TF) protein or an activator of transcription to the iPSCs. This increases the amount of the transcription factor in the cells, leading to differentiation or maintenance of pluripotency. The researchers also identified specific transcription factors that can convert stem cells into different cell types. This research has implications for regenerative medicine and drug screening. [Extracted from the article]

ViaCyte Inc. has been issued a patent for methods of producing pancreatic hormones. The patent describes compositions and cell cultures that contain human pancreatic islet hormone-expressing cells, human endocrine precursor cells, and human PDX1-positive pancreatic endoderm cells. The patent also includes methods for producing insulin in a human subject by maturing transplanted human PDX1-positive pancreatic cells. This patent is significant for cell therapy treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes and provides potential solutions for producing glucose-responsive insulin-producing cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. [Extracted from the article]

For more information on this research see: Enteroendocrine Cells Protect the Stem Cell Niche By Regulating Crypt Metabolism In Response To Nutrients. Keywords: Cincinnati; State:Ohio; United States; North and Central America; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Health and Medicine; Endocrine Cells; Endocrine System; Enteroendocrine Cells; Stem Cell Research EN Cincinnati State:Ohio United States North and Central America Gastroenterology and Hepatology Health and Medicine Endocrine Cells Endocrine System Enteroendocrine Cells Stem Cell Research 57 57 1 06/19/23 20230622 NES 230622 2023 JUN 19 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- A new study on Health and Medicine - Gastroenterology and Hepatology is now available. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Genoa discusses the genetic factors associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), which is the most common form of monogenic diabetes mellitus. The study highlights the need for further exploration of the genetic landscape of MODY, as a significant proportion of cases have unknown causes. The report also discusses the heterogeneity of MODY variants and the challenges in determining their pathogenicity. The authors emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis and management of MODY and call for more research to investigate the genotype-phenotype correlation and the role of non-genetic factors in this condition. [Extracted from the article]

OBJECTIVE--Neurogenin 3 plays a pivotal role in pancreatic endocrine differentiation. Whereas mouse models expressing reporters such as eGFP or LacZ under the control of the Neurog3 gene enable us to label cells in the pancreatic endocrine lineage, the long half-life of most reporter proteins makes it difficult to distinguish cells actively expressing neurogenin 3 from differentiated cells that have stopped transcribing the gene. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--In order to separate the transient neurogenin 3 -expressing endocrine progenitor cells from the differentiating endocrine cells, we developed a mouse model (Ngn3-Timer) in which DsRed-E5, a fluorescent protein that shifts its emission spectrum from green to red over time, was expressed transgenically from the NEUROG3 locus. RESULTS--In the Ngn3-Timer embryos, green-dominant cells could be readily detected by microscopy or flow cytometry and distinguished from green/red double-positive cells. When fluorescent ceils were sorted into three different populations by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, placed in culture, and then reanalyzed by flow cytometry, green-dominant cells converted to green/red double-positive cells within 6 h. The sorted cell populations were then used to determine the temporal patterns of expression for 145 transcriptional regulators in the developing pancreas. CONCLUSIONS--The precise temporal resolution of this model defines the narrow window of neurogenin 3 expression in islet progenitor cells and permits sequential analyses of sorted cells as well as the testing of gene regulatory models for the differentiation of pancreatic islet cells. Diabetes 58:1863-1868, 2009, The mature pancreas is composed of exocrine (acinar and duct cells) and endocrine (α-, β-, δ-, ζ-, and PP-cells) compartments. The differentiation of these distinct cell types is regulated by [...]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Columbia University has found that calorie restriction can increase lifespan. The study focused on the effects of calorie restriction on the gastrointestinal tract and discovered that it led to an increase in ghrelin cells in the stomach. This increase was found to be dependent on the Notch-FOXO1 pathway and could be reversed by blocking Notch. The study suggests that calorie restriction promotes gastric endocrine cell differentiation through this pathway. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Trakya University in Edirne, Turkey, focuses on a case of diabetes mellitus type MODY5 as a feature of 17q12 deletion syndrome. MODY, a form of noninsulin-dependent diabetes, is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance and typically diagnosed before the age of 25. The study highlights the importance of genetic examination using techniques such as MLPA and CGH array to detect variants, as next-generation screening panel techniques may not identify deletions and duplications. This research provides valuable insights into the genetic factors associated with diabetes mellitus. [Extracted from the article]

Harvard College researchers have submitted a patent application for a method of inducing differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells. The method involves delivering nucleic acids encoding transcription factors or activators of transcription to the stem cells, which increases the amount of the transcription factor in the cells and leads to their differentiation into specialized cells. The researchers propose using a systematic screen to identify novel transcription factors that can convert stem cells into different cell types or reinforce pluripotency. The patent application also discusses methods for maintaining pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem cells and engineering human differentiated cells with specific transcription factors. The application was filed by Volker Busskamp, George M. Church, and Hon Man Alex Ng. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the role of the RFX6 gene in pancreatic development and diabetes pathogenesis. The study found that RFX6 expression was detected in PDX1+ cells in the hESC-derived posterior foregut, but not in pancreatic progenitors (PPs) co-expressing PDX1 and NKX6.1. The deficiency of RFX6 resulted in smaller islet organoids due to increased cellular apoptosis and downregulation of essential genes involved in pancreatic endocrine differentiation. Overexpression of RFX6 reversed these defective phenotypes. The findings suggest that RFX6 mutations do not affect PDX1+/NKX6.1+ PPs, but instead lead to pancreatic hypoplasia and reduced islet cell formation through cellular apoptosis and downregulation of pancreatic endocrine genes. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

Harvard College has been issued a patent for a method of inducing differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells. This method involves delivering a nucleic acid encoding a transcription factor to the stem cells, which increases the amount of the transcription factor and leads to the differentiation of the stem cells into specialized cells. The patent also describes methods for maintaining pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem cells and engineered human differentiated cells that contain specific nucleic acids encoding transcription factors. This patent has implications for cellular transplantation and drug screening. Additionally, the patent includes methods for screening transcription factors, observing changes in differentiated cells, transplanting the cells into patients, and sorting the cells using fluorescence activated cell sorting. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords for this news article include: Lille, France, Europe, Adult Stem Cells, Gastroenterology, Health and Medicine, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Pancreas, Stem Cell Research, University of Lille. Keywords: Lille; France; Europe; Adult Stem Cells; Gastroenterology; Health and Medicine; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Pancreas; Stem Cell Research EN Lille France Europe Adult Stem Cells Gastroenterology Health and Medicine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Pancreas Stem Cell Research 761 761 1 10/30/23 20231030 NES 231030 2023 OCT 30 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- Data detailed on Stem Cell Research - Pluripotent Stem Cells have been presented. Lille, France, Europe, Adult Stem Cells, Gastroenterology, Health and Medicine, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Pancreas, Stem Cell Research. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Alloxan Therapy; Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonists; Drugs and Therapies; Gastroenterology; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Histology; Pancreas; Pharmaceuticals; Proteins; Transcription Factors EN Alloxan Therapy Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonists Drugs and Therapies Gastroenterology Genetics Health and Medicine Histology Pancreas Pharmaceuticals Proteins Transcription Factors 207 207 1 10/09/23 20231009 NES 231009 2023 OCT 9 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Diabetes Week -- Fresh data on transcription factors are presented in a new report. Alloxan Therapy, Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonists, Drugs and Therapies, Gastroenterology, Genetics, Health and Medicine, Histology, Pancreas, Pharmaceuticals, Proteins, Transcription Factors No subsequent treatment was given to the negative control group, while the positive control and treatment groups were supplemented with metformin (150 mg/kg/day) and manuka honey (3 g/kg/day), respectively. [Extracted from the article]

Lund, Sweden, Europe, Endocrine Research, Gastroenterology, Health and Medicine, Pancreas, Pancreas Research Keywords: Lund; Sweden; Europe; Endocrine Research; Gastroenterology; Health and Medicine; Pancreas; Pancreas Research EN Lund Sweden Europe Endocrine Research Gastroenterology Health and Medicine Pancreas Pancreas Research 268 268 1 09/11/23 20230911 NES 230911 2023 SEP 11 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Gastroenterology Week -- Investigators publish new report on Gastroenterology. Keywords for this news article include: Lund, Sweden, Europe, Endocrine Research, Gastroenterology, Health and Medicine, Pancreas, Pancreas Research, Lund University. [Extracted from the article]

These enteroendocrine (EE) cells are found throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and represent the most abundant hormone-producing cell type in mammals. "Therefore, there is a need in the art to design robust and improved methods of human EE cell differentiation, as well as therapeutic methods utilizing these cells, particularly in those suffering from conditions and diseases having EE cell dysfunction. EE cells, as a whole, secrete a large variety of hormones, including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), serotonin (5HT), somatostatin (SST), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), among others. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Bone Marrow; Bone Research; Health and Medicine; Peptide Hormones; Peptide Proteins; Proinsulin; Stem Cell Research EN Bone Marrow Bone Research Health and Medicine Peptide Hormones Peptide Proteins Proinsulin Stem Cell Research 311 311 1 07/10/23 20230714 NES 230714 2023 JUL 10 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- Researchers detail new data in proinsulin. Bone Marrow, Bone Research, Health and Medicine, Peptide Hormones, Peptide Proteins, Proinsulin, Stem Cell Research. [Extracted from the article]

The methods comprise contacting at least one endocrine progenitor cell during a beta cell differentiation protocol with a YAP modulator, wherein the at least one endocrine progenitor cell differentiates into at least one stem cell-derived beta cell. In some embodiments, the population comprises a 2-fold to 3-fold reduction in proliferative progenitor cells (e.g., SOX9+ ductal like proliferative progenitor cells and/or Ki67+ proliferative cells), as compared to a control sample "Disclosed herein are methods comprising modulating YAP expression during a beta cell differentiation protocol. A method of producing a stem cell-derived beta cell comprising contacting at least one endocrine progenitor cell during a beta cell differentiation protocol with a YAP modulator, wherein the at least one endocrine progenitor cell differentiates into at least one stem cell-derived beta cell. Keywords: Cell Differentiation; Endocrine Research; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Patent Application; Peptide Hormones; Peptide Proteins; Proinsulin; Stem Cell Research EN Cell Differentiation Endocrine Research Genetics Health and Medicine Patent Application Peptide Hormones Peptide Proteins Proinsulin Stem Cell Research 656 656 1 05/15/23 20230519 NES 230519 2023 MAY 15 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- A patent application by the inventors Melton, Douglas A. (Cambridge, MA, US); Rosado-Olivieri, Edwin (Somerville, MA, US), filed on March 31, 2020, was made available online on April 27, 2023, according to news reporting originating from Washington, D.C., by NewsRx correspondents. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Health and Medicine; Stem Cell Research EN Gastroenterology and Hepatology Health and Medicine Stem Cell Research 16 16 1 05/08/23 20230512 NES 230512 2023 MAY 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- New study results on gastroenterology and hepatology have been published. Health and Medicine, Stem Cell Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology. [Extracted from the article]

The cell encapsulation device of claim 1, wherein the non-woven fabric layer is not laminated to the cell-excluding membrane in the cell delivery device. The cell encapsulation device of claim 1, wherein the definitive endoderm lineage cells are pancreatic progenitor cells, endocrine precursor cells, pancreatic endocrine cells, or pancreatic beta cells. The cell encapsulation device of claim 15, wherein the definitive endoderm lineage cells are pancreatic progenitor cells, endocrine precursor cells, immature endocrine cells, endocrine cells or pancreatic islet cells. [Extracted from the article]

Knowledge of human pancreas development underpins our interpretation and exploitation of human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) differentiation toward a β-cell fate. However, almost no information exists on the early events of human pancreatic specification in the distal foregut, bud formation, and early development. Here, we have studied the expression profiles of key lineage-specific markers to understand differentiation and morphogenetic events during human pancreas development. The notochord was adjacent to the dorsal foregut endoderm during the fourth week of development before pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 detection. In contrast to the published data from mouse embryos, during human pancreas development, we detected only a single-phase of Neurogenin 3 (NEUROG3) expression and endocrine differentiation from approximately 8 weeks, before which Nirenberg and Kim homeobox 2.2 (NKX2.2) was not observed in the pancreatic progenitor cell population. In addition to revealing a number of disparities in timing between human and mouse development, these data, directly assembled from human tissue, allow combinations of transcription factors to define sequential stages and differentiating pancreatic cell types. The data are anticipated to provide a useful reference point for stem cell researchers looking to differentiate human PSCs in vitro toward the pancreatic β-cell so as to model human development or enable drug discovery and potential cell therapy., The in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) to pancreatic β-cells is an ambitious hope for cell therapy in diabetes, a tool for [...]

Because impaired insulin secretion is characteristic of type 2 diabetes in Asians, including Japanese, the genes involved in pancreatic β-cell function are candidate susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes. We examined the association of variants in genes encoding several transcription factors (TCF1, TCF2, HNF4A, ISL1, IPF1, NEUROG3, PAX6, NKX2-2, NKX6-1, and NEUROD1) and genes encoding the ATP-sensitive [K.sup.+] channel subunits Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) and SUR1 (ABCC8) with type 2 diabetes in a Japanese cohort of 2,834 subjects. The exon 16 -3c/t variant rs1799854 in ABCC8 showed a significant association (P = 0.0073), and variants in several genes showed nominally significant associations (P < 0.05) with type 2 diabetes. Although the E23K variant rs5219 in KCNJ11 showed no association with diabetes in Japanese (for the K allele, odds ratio [OR] 1.08 [95% CI 0.97-1.21], P = 0.15), 95% CI around the OR overlaps in meta-analysis of European populations, suggesting that our results are not inconsistent with the previous studies. This is the largest association study so far conducted on these genes in Japanese and provides valuable information for comparison with other ethnic groups. Diabetes 55:2379-2386, 2006, Impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance both contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The former is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes, especially in Asians including Japanese [...]

The neurogenic differentiation-1 (NEUROD1), neurogenin-3 (NEUROG3), and hepatic nuclear factor-1α (TCF1) genes are interacting transcription factors implicated in controlling islet cell development and insulin secretion. Polymorphisms of these genes (Ala45Thr [...]

2024 SEP 7 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators publish new report on genetics. According to news reporting originating from [...]

2024 JUL 15 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- From Washington, D.C., NewsRx journalists report that a patent application by the inventors Busskamp, [...]

2024 MAY 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- A patent application by the inventor Ko, Minoru (Tokyo, JP), filed on December 21, [...]

2024 APR 29 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- From Washington, D.C., NewsRx journalists report that a patent application by the inventors Busskamp, [...]

2024 MAR 30 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- According to news reporting based on a preprint abstract, our journalists obtained [...]

2024 MAR 4 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- ViaCyte Inc. (San Diego, California, United States) has been issued patent number 11896622, according [...]

2023 OCT 14 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Fresh data on transcription factors are presented in a new report. According [...]

2023 SEP 16 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators publish new report on Gastroenterology. According to news reporting from Lund, [...]

2023 JUN 19 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- A new study on Health and Medicine - Gastroenterology and Hepatology is now available. [...]

2023 MAY 15 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- A patent application by the inventors Melton, Douglas A. (Cambridge, MA, US); Rosado-Olivieri, Edwin [...]

2023 MAY 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- New study results on gastroenterology and hepatology have been published. According to news reporting [...]

2023 JAN 16 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- According to news reporting originating from Washington, D.C., by NewsRx journalists, a patent application [...]

2022 JUN 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- A patent by the inventors Ding, Sheng (Orinda, CA, US), Hebrok, Matthias (Belmont, CA, [...]

2022 MAY 2 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- University of California (Oakland, California, United States) has been issued patent number 11299711, according [...]

2022 MAR 14 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- From Alexandria, Virginia, NewsRx journalists report that a patent by the inventors Baetge, Emmanuel [...]

2021 SEP 25 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in Infant and Newborn Diseases and Conditions - [...]

2021 APR 26 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- From Alexandria, Virginia, NewsRx journalists report that a patent by the inventors Hebrok, Matthias [...]

2021 FEB 15 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Stem Cell Week -- According to news reporting based on a preprint abstract, our journalists obtained the following [...]

2020 DEC 10 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Fresh data on Spermatogenesis are presented in a new report. According to news reporting [...]