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In cases where the country's economy is preparing for complete digitalization, the agro-industrial complex asks for a significant "reset", considering the existing threats and opportunities. This implies the diversification of academic papers with an emphasis on digital technologies, specialist training capable of working in agriculture and the processing industry on modern equipment using specialized software. The authors highlight and analyze the main trends, the focus on which will speed up the transformation of research, innovation and educational processes. The above is also true for the national projects and programs "Science and Universities", "Digital Economy", "Staff for the Digital Economy", and the departmental project "Digital Agriculture". The urgency of conducted studies and conclusions drawn by the authors is due to the following: modern agrarian science is a fusion of fundamental and applied academic and innovative research to enter the global agenda and respond to existing challenges. Therefore, agrarian science should be provided with experts in various fields who are able to formulate and solve urgent problems to meet the global trends in the agricultural development. It is impossible to make predictions regarding the digitalization efficiency of agriculture without this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific article discusses the issues of precision agriculture, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in agriculture, the role and importance of unmanned aerial vehicles for the sustainable and efficient use of agricultural land in the process of crop cultivation and growing. Based on the use of UAVs, optimized application of a dose of mineral fertilizers, treatment with chemical agents to combat diseases, pests and insects of agricultural crops, were revealed and justified, which lead to environmental friendliness and increase the efficiency of agricultural production. The paper shows the value and usefulness of UAVs for accurate monitoring of agricultural land on a large scale for efficient agricultural production. The article notes that the obtained data from the UAVs can be used to protect soil fertility from wind and water erosion, to plan and promptly eliminate problems in soil irrigation and drainage system. The paper provides accurate and clear arguments for the effectiveness of the introduction of UAVs in the precision farming system, as well as in other agricultural sector branches. In addition, the article notes that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will contribute to significant savings in production costs and will have a qualitative impact on improving the state of the environment. The paper notes that the use and introduction of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is one of the significant factors in the digitalization of the agricultural economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of an analysis of the development of mobile traction and power means in agriculture: in most cases, a tractor is used in conjunction with agricultural machines and implements to perform technological operations; in order to increase labor productivity, there is a tendency to increase the power of the tractors used, and therefore the weight of tractors and machines connected to them increases, which leads to an increase in pressure on the soil and its over-compaction; When forming wide-cut units consisting of several agricultural machines with energy-saturated tractors, there is a need to use additional devices - couplers equipped with several support wheels, creating additional resistance to the movement of the unit, which increases the energy costs for performing the technological operation, reduces maneuverability, complicates the design and increases the metal consumption of the unit being formed. An analysis of the flow of scientific publications, including the Scopus database, showed that the interest of the scientific community in the research of robotic systems, including the development of agricultural unmanned vehicles, is growing every year. The article discusses the results of creating an unmanned traction-energy module and the method of its aggregation with agricultural machines. The use of the invention will simplify the design of traction and power equipment for agricultural purposes and agricultural machines, reduce their metal consumption, increase the productivity of agricultural units, reduce energy consumption and the cost of performing technological operations, and increase the level of unification of traction and power equipment for agricultural purposes and agricultural machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the construction, kinematics and control system of a four-wheeled mobile robot for performing agrotechnical tasks of a wide range, from transporting crops and equipment in the field to the possible installation of additional units for various agricultural operations. The robot has a modular design to increase adaptability and, accordingly, increase economic efficiency in these industries. The platform is designed taking into account the specifics of operation, in particular during field work. A platform control system was also implemented that allows working in the mode of following a person. Laboratory and field tests showed the suitability of the development for agricultural tasks and the use of attachments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural insurance as a strategy in agricultural risk management mechanism has been introduced to paddy farmers in Indonesia for the last recent years. This strategy proves important to provide protection and easiness to bear the risk of farmingfor farmers. Personal interviews with a structured questionnaire were conducted with paddy farmers who joined an agricultural insurance called Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP) program in Pati Regency to determine their preference to the product's attributes. Conjoint analysis was utilized to determine the importance of selected attributes of such insurance policies for these farmers. Research found that the premium insurance cost attribute is the most important factor and coverage attribute is the least important one. The results showed that the preference's utility of premium cost more than IDR180000, coverage less than 1 year, compensation of crop failure greater than 75% land area, and claim process more than 14 working days are the best option accordingto AUTP participants. This paper underlines the importance of designing premium cost and its subsidy to fully support the development of agricultural insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers are a significant factor in the well-being of any society, so it is important to research their attitudes and opinions about agriculture, rural development and similar topics related to agriculture. This paper presents attitudes of owners of family farms regarding agriculture in rural area of north western Croatia on various aspects of agriculture. The research was conducted in 2010. and 2021. within the convenient sample of owners of family farms via Google questionnaire. It was obtained wide range of answers about socio-demographic characteristics of the farmers, basic information about their agricultural production, challenges of institutional support to agricultural production, attitudes about subsidies in agriculture, use of agricultural services, domestic agricultural production, entering European Union, Euroscepticism, etc. There are two significant differences between Croatian farmers before and after Croatia's entry into the European Union. The first one is the structure of family farms and the role of agriculture in the economy which have been changed during this period of research and had a big influence on farmer's vision of development of agriculture and their role in rural development, in general. The second one is the fact that Croatian agriculture, attitudes toward agriculture and the mentality of farmers are changing slowly and the farmers are aware the problems in agriculture, but still, they believe in better future of Croatian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research considers a telematics system which includes devices for tracking vehicles. The main purpose of the paper is to overview and select software. Existing software products for telemetry and monitoring are analyzed. Sustainable development is considered as a model of resource utilization, a model of human-nature interaction, a model of civilization development based on innovations and intellectual systems. Effective means of data collection, generalization and systematization in the field of agricultural mechanization, software complexes for data collection and management of machines by different manufacturers are analyzed, as well as an extensive group of software products for the sustainable development of agricultural infrastructure. Particular attention is paid to the need to determine the most appropriate ways to comprehensively solve the problem of collecting and managing data from machines by different manufacturers. The following methods are used for this: Method 1-Send to Wialon. Some tracking systems have a relay function-sending online data about the desired vehicles to another tracking system using an agreed protocol. In other words, it is the ability to copy location information on both systems; Method 2-WiaTag. For farmers who are not equipped with MTP Global Positioning System equipment, a solution is offered using the WiaTag mobile application. The Wiatag app is a free global positioning system tracker on a smartphone that does not require any costs to be installed on a car. It is considered appropriate to systematize the problems of sustainable development of the studied market in the form of a block diagram that differentiates and shows important characteristics of the role and position of subjects in achieving the main goal – the reconstruction of the agricultural machinery market and allowing for the means of innovative and technical restructuring of domestic agricultural production. At a certain stage of market development, it is necessary to proceed from the fact that each problem can be transferred from one block to another. The proposed solution to the problem of the lack of high-quality equipment, attractiveness in the domestic market, shown in the first block of the diagram, partially includes a solution to the problem of insufficient preferences for the domestic market on the part of the state. Machine-building enterprises and, as a result, solving the problem of the low level of technological equipment of domestic manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on the Internet of Things (IoT) for sustainability in agriculture continue to develop but are still limited to one particular field or one country. This study uses bibliometric analytic tools to graphically map scholarly publications and research trends in the IoT for Agricultural Sustainability sector throughout the world. The Scopus database is used to collect information for this study, and online analysis using the Scopus website and VOSViewer is used to exhibit bibliometric network mapping. We employ an article selection procedure that begins with the searched keywords and year limitations and then exports the database to RIS and CSV format files. We got 73 scientific publications published between 2012 and 2021 from the database. We also used VOSViewer to map the network. According to the database, researchers in India have the most published papers and are indexed by Scopus among the most prolific writers (N=20), with China coming in second (N=10) and Italy coming in the third (N=9). From 2018 to 2021, data analysis shows a substantial tendency of growing the number of IoT for Sustainability in Agricultural articles worldwide. This study recommends combining the research subjects of IoT for Sustainability in Agriculture: Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Agricultural Sustainability, IoT Application, abbreviated as AIBASIA research themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is considered the backbone of developing countries. It is the only source of income for two-thirds of Indian workers. But in recent times there is a huge decline in the workforce in this sector. Many technological advancements and developments are being made in the agricultural domain, but most of the time the benefits of these technologies are not widespread to farmers of all economic classes. This paper aims at designing and fabricating affordable multipurpose cutting equipment for small-scale farmers that is capable of cutting sugarcane buds, banana leaves (in a circular shape), and corn stalks. A literature search on traditional and modern methods of bud cutting was conducted and based on that the machine is designed and fabricated. A foot pedal is provided for applying a force that reduces the effort and fatigue of the worker. Provisions are provided for replacing cutters to perform different cutting operations as mentioned earlier. Critical components that include various links and cutters are analyzed for safer design. Because of its ease of use, this equipment encourages women's participation in the agricultural workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the paper is to elaborate the development of multipurpose agricultural vehicle, forperforming major agricultural operations likeploughing, seeding, harvesting. The modification includes fabricating a vehicle which is small, compact in size. The project is about amachine design which makes cultivation much simpler. The design of the chassis of the vehicle is made in such away that it issuitable for the operations. The design for automatic seed sowing equipment is made. The plough is designed and modified thecurrently available plough tool in such a way that it with stand the load. The harvester (cutter) is designed and working by scotch yoke mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the earlier times, agriculture was based mainly on recourses such as land and labor, but in the second half of the 20th century other recourses became an integral part of agriculture. One of these is biotechnology, which is becoming even more important nowadays, because the world must deal with increasing agriculture production. The purpose of this study was to understand what biotechnology is, how this technology affects agriculture and how it works. The paper gives the definition of the concept of biotechnology, also there is considered the introduction of these technologies and there are analyzed risks and modern challenges. In the main part of the work, the analysis of the latest research in the field of agricultural biotechnology was carried out. The results are summarized, and there are given recommendations for further research in the field of biotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to identify opportunities for the development of the bioeconomy in Latvia, assessing its role in the development of the agricultural sector. Nowadays, the development and sustainability of natural resources are of great importance. The bioeconomy can be considered as one of the oldest sectors of the economy, which life sciences and biotechnology can transform into one of the most modern sectors of the economy. From a number of perspectives, one of Latvia's development opportunities is the more sustainable and efficient use of natural resources. The bioeconomy provides a combined approach to integrating knowledge-based economic growth, social welfare and environmental protection in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, respecting the principles of the circular economy. The aim of this paper is to provide information on a study carried out to investigate and analyse the development perspectives of the bioeconomy and organic farming in Latvia. The research methodology includes theoretical concepts and a framework of factors influencing the bioeconomy. The study uses the Delphi method, collects data from expert interviews and surveys, uses the Porter's hypothesis method, and analyses the competitiveness of organic farming enterprises in Latvia based on Porter's five forces method. The development of the bioeconomy is mainly related to the production and efficient processing of bioresources. Rural areas and regions are therefore the ones with the greatest potential for development. Research data show that the growth of the bioeconomy will contribute to the development of Latvia's rural areas and regions and that Latvian organic farming enterprises have great potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy sources play an increasing role in the agricultural energy development. These sources are used both for autonomous power supply to consumers and for integration into a centralized power grid. The paper outlines the basics of a theoretical approach to choosing a source by the magnitude of the Umov vector, which characterizes convective energy transfer and is determined by the vector product of the flux density by the energy distribution velocity in an elastic medium. For practical evaluation of the effectiveness of different types of renewable energy sources, it is proposed to use the value of the reduced efficiency, which is a quotient of the classical efficiency coefficient division by the value of the working space of the corresponding converter. The concept of workspace includes the sum of the volume occupied by the converter and the volume surrounding it, in which the placement of other similar converters is not permissible. The necessity of considering the natural relaxation of renewable sources is considered and the necessity of comparing the dynamics of replenishment and selection of energy resources is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As given in Agriculture Material census report 2011, Uttar Pradesh has population of 19.98 crore at that time. Since, in 2001 it was 16.62 crore approximation i.e., the growth rate of population in the previous decade was 20.23%. And the population of U.P. forms 16.50% of India in 2011. It was estimated that by 2050 the world population become 10 billion. So, boosting up agriculture materials production is must be our basic necessity to overcome the situation of hunger. Presently, in Material crop production about 37% of land surface is used. For enhancing National income agricultural material development must be needed. It is also our basic necessity to remove hunger in U.P. by making more material crop production by smart and skill farming technique. Presently, in case of hunger in index U. P. ranked 9th having 14.5% of 24.1 crore population. Implementation of Artificial Intelligence technique in material farming make more crop production and also save our crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important directions in development of agricultural production is resource conservation, namely, increasing soil fertility, the effective use of various types of fertilizers, including green manure, the maximum possible use of natural resources – solar radiation, heat during the stubble period. Cultivation of corn and obtaining its best yields, development of techniques and methods of resource conservation in the conditions of irrigation of Tersko-Sulak sub-province of Dagestan is an urgent task. Studies have established the efficiency of cultivation of green manures, including legumes, sowing them immediately after harvesting grain, after winter wheat. The best indicators were obtained when applying - N 150 P 75 K 75, manure - (30 t/ha), plowing legumes: 5.6 - 5.6 - 5.5 t/ha. For the first time, results were obtained on the effectiveness of applying various types of fertilizers to the soil in the conditions of irrigation of Tersko-Sulak sub- province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research conducted at the Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda (ARDS), situated in the Transilvanian Plateau, they pursued the possibility of obtaining yield increases and quality for the Caro TD soybean variety, cultivated in four tillage systems (CS - conventional plow, MTC - minimum till chisel, MTD - minimum till disk, NT - no till direct sowing), by creating a larger space for plant nutrition and development. Sowing was done at 65 (germinative grains) gg/m2, the distance between the rows being 18-36-54 cm. From the results obtained, in two experimental years, it was concluded that, in the climate and soil conditions of Turda, the tillage system corresponds to a certain sowing distance at which soybean lends itself, achieving higher yields: classic at 18 cm (3189 kg/ha), minimum till chisel at 36 cm (2779 kg/ha), minimum till disc at 54 cm (2875 kg/ha) and for no till direct sowing 36 cm (2349 kg/ha). It noted, the high percentage of protein content in the grains in the variant MTD (32,0% at 54 cm and 31,9% la 18 cm). The lowest values were recorded in the variant NT, at the same distances between the rows. The fact that in the variant NT the lowest values of grain protein content were determined, 30% at18 cm, respectively 29,6% at 54 cm distance between rows, and the highest percentage was found at the same distances between rows in the variant MTD, at 54 cm 32,0%, respectively at 18 cm 31,9%. In terms of fat content, the minimum range was 20% in SC at 18 cm and maximum in MTC at 36 cm distance between rows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general purpose of this article is the analysis of the organic agriculture sector in the Republic of Moldova, determining the place of this sector in the national economy, as well as highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of this sector. In the process of developing this article, such research methods as statistical analysis of existing data, comparative analysis, synthesis of existing information, deduction method, and SWOT analysis were applied. Following the use of research methods, quantitative parameters were established that define the place of organic agriculture in the economy of the Republic of Moldova, the importance of organic agriculture in particular in the current conditions of agricultural development that involve such factors as: climate change, environmental pollution, inefficient use and abuse of natural resources, etc. The industrial model of agricultural intensification widely used in the last decades did not ensure a sustainable development of the agricultural sector. As a result, organic agriculture is gaining more and more importance and demonstrates dynamic development trends. The practice of organic farming is dictated by market demand, with consumers increasingly demanding healthy, organic, naturally grown agricultural and food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to investigate the innovative development of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The article presents the organizational and economic mechanism of innovative provision of competitive development of agrarian enterprises on the basis of the Fourth Industrial Revolution through inter-sectoral integration and development of digital agriculture to stimulate the diffusion of innovations, the implementation of the program of innovative entrepreneurship in the countryside, the formation of a symbiotic-complementary system of activation of technological and managerial innovations. It is proved that the basis of organizational and economic mechanism of innovative investing is creation of favourable business environment for realization of innovation-investment projects by agricultural enterprises, stimulation of integration of scientific developments and results of strategic management into production, formation of market competitive advantages in the long run. It is proved that the development of agrarian enterprises in Ukraine occurs under the conditions of radical economic changes aimed at strengthening the economic management methods and innovative component of their functioning. The aim of such transformation is to achieve economic growth and balance of functioning; ensuring the organic combination of the interests of business entities; transformation of scientific and technological progress into the main factor of economic growth; creation of conditions for realization of consumer priority in economic relations. Innovative changes in the functioning of agricultural enterprises contribute to the solution of the issues of technological and technological renewal, innovation-marketing development and economic growth.Increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy, their timely adaptation to changes in the competitive environment, the formation of sustainable competitive advantages based on the most complete alignment of strategic capabilities of enterprises with internal potential and unused reserves, maximal synergies of the efficiency of work in a competitive market are also directly dependent on the technological renewal and diffusion of innovation.Taking into account the contradictions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it can be concluded that mankind can be saved from the stagnation only by collective mind which is capable to transform the absence of work and reduction of human's employment into means of social and personal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure a decent position of the Russian Federation in the global food market, it is necessary to modernize agricultural production in the shortest possible time by creating, distributing and applying the latest achievements of science and technology, which will make it possible to switch to highly productive, resource-efficient and climate-adaptive production of raw materials and products of high processing depth. The modernization of agricultural machinery is a continuous process of introducing innovations into individual components and systems that increase the power, functionality and efficiency of the machinery as a whole. Timely implementation of the latest scientific and engineering projects is currently the unconditional basis for the further development of the modernization. Technical and technological upgrading has a direct impact on the efficiency of agricultural production and the sustainability of agricultural development in general. The intellectualization of agriculture is a global trend. It changes the appearance and structure of the economies of regions and countries, increases the competitiveness of individual industries, which in turn contributes to the growth of national economies and strengthening their positions in the global market. An analysis has been performed concerning the latest projects from domestic machine builders that are competitive with respect to foreign peers, as well as support measures for the acquisition of agricultural machinery to ensure the achievement of the challenges set by strategic documents for the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]