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The article deals with the application of microbicides in the pulp and paper industry. It describes how microorganisms can interfere with papermaking. It details the problems faced by the paper industry due to microorganisms. It describes the four main groups of microorganisms that colonise papermaking systems and their significance. The main applications of the non oxidising biocides that are widely used for microbiological control in papermaking are also detailed.

Considering mobile device limitations, such as storage, computing power and bandwidth, we propose a mobile cloud computing in order to provide the necessary resources and for delivery of any multimedia data like maps, alarms or messages to the mobile user devices. The main contribution of this paper is the scalability of our mCloud-based pollution monitoring system. The system can be extended to the entire territory of the country and it integrates all sensor pollution data with patient databases. By using mobile technologies, users/patients receive alerts concerning the air quality levels through user-friendly messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers step by step instructions for making a soothing hot or cold wrap for shoulders and neck, and a mask for eyes and sinuses by using long grain rice, lightweight cardboard, and basic sewing supplies and equipment. It also offers suggestions for making the wrap or mask aromatic by adding dried herb to the raw rice when filling the wrap or mask. It also talks about aromatherapy in which dried lavender flowers, lemon thyme, and rosemary are used to relieve stress.

The paper includes data on the system of prevention and liquidation of bioterrorist phenomena in Ukraine. Peculiar attention is given to proactive measures regarding possibility of their realization in various regions of the world. The paper shows complex and multilateral nature of the problem of citizens' protection from bioterrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protection of water against pollution from hazardous substances of industrial plants is normally implemented by a combination of technical and organisational safety measures within strategic hazard management. The demand for hazard prevention results from several motivations that can be allocated to the public as well as to the plant operators. But rarely is economic benefit the reason why preventive measures are seen as mandatory. This paper focuses on prevention activities to detect kinds of costs and benefits in water hazard management. Furthermore, the first basic approaches are shown for using economic perspectives in the fields of hazard prevention for a practical method of improving efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina highlights the complexities of the fight against terrorism. This is a country that in the last 15 years has experienced aggression and genocide. Since the Dayton Peace Agreement was signed (1995) its citizens have struggled with post-war devastation, a slow reconciliation process, and economic difficulties. The situation is further complicated by the threat of terrorism. This article addresses the question of how real is the threat of terrorism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, along with possible ways to prevent it. In order to answer this question, the author starts with a wider international picture and within that framework analyses the stereotypes of so-called ‘Islamic terrorism’, the dehumanisation of Muslims in Western media, and the brutalisation of American and British soldiers. Pictures of torture in Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo Bay prisons have supported the deterioration of liberal values and supported the argument used by terrorists that Muslims are victims of the West. On the micro level this image has also been reflected negatively on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Apart from a feeling of the general victimisation of Muslims around the world, the injustices done to Bosnian Muslims, particularly the genocide committed by Serbian forces and the denial of it, could lead to further radicalisation. Among all of these complicated circumstances the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina has successfully prosecuted the first case of terrorism in the wider region. In analysing the investigation and the judgement in the Bektasevic and others case, the author emphasises the optimal direction of future work on the prevention of terrorism. Apart from secondary sources, this paper draws conclusions based on an analysis of 11 interviews, three of which were conducted with Wahhabi converts in Bosnia, two with former members of the Wahhabi community, while six other interviews were conducted with professionals from law enforcement agencies that work on tasks related to the fight against terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant risk of a marine oil spill exists along the east coast of Canada due to increasing ship traffic and offshore oil exploration and development. Combine this with the natural hazards (such as weather and ice) associated with the North Atlantic Ocean and the presence of significant natural resources (such as wildlife and fishery) and the potential for a major oil spill with significant environmental impacts is created. Based on the lessons learned from past spills, the oil spill response community in the Atlantic Region has evolved an oil spill response network that focuses on improving the various procedures relating to spill prevention, preparedness, response, and damage restoration. An active player in these activities is the Regional Environmental Emergencies Team or REET. This paper will provided a brief overview of the role of the ˵REET″ in emergency response in the region. Several of the key aspects of the REET approach will be described including the partnerships which are created, the technical and scientific information which is available from various organizations and the value of providing coordinated and consolidated environmental advice to the OSC. Several short case studies will be presented to describe the recent activities of the REET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor general state of health of the Austrian youth – which is possibly representative for the western industrial world – will have dramatic effects on our health care system in years to come. Health risks among adolescents, including smoking, alcohol, obesity, lack of physical activity and an unhealthy diet, will lead to an increase in chronic diseases. A preventive measure against such a development could be to reinforce health awareness through the use of web and mobile applications supporting self observation and behavior change. In this paper, we present an overview of the latest developments in the area of mobile wellness and take a look at the features of applications that constitutes the current state of the art, as well as their shortcomings and ways of overcoming these. Finally, we discuss the possibilities offered by new technological developments in the area of mobile devices and by incorporating the characteristics that make up the Web 2.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is intended as an “alarm signal” for the preservation of the two priceless valuables, human life and the environment. It is essential for this approach to empower the idea of rendering everybody responsible for all factors in the sense that they should extend to individuals' efforts as well as to team efforts in order to preserve life and the environment. This is achieved by complying with prevention regulations for fire hazards in forest areas and also by proper behaviour concerning the warning, evacuation and saving people in a forest area on fire. In addition, the article aims to render public opinion sensitive enough to understand that forest fires are disasters that can be avoided, or at least limited, and carrying forward positive results is entirely in man's power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No single topic has received more attention in recent political debate about antisocial behaviour and its prevention than the role of families. Public opinion in Britain, as measured in surveys, has scarcely faltered in asserting the prime responsibility of parents for offspring who turn to crime, drugs, and other misconduct. More recently, policy makers have focused their attention on the part that parenting may play in making it more or less likely that children will exhibit problem behaviour in adolescence and as adults (Straw and Anderson, 1996; Home Office, 1997). In the words of a government consultation paper: Children who grow up in stable, successful families are less likely to become involved in offending. Helping parents to exercise effective care and supervision of their young children can achieve long-term benefits by reducing the risk that children will become involved in delinquent or offending behaviour. While in tune with popular sentiment, this interest is also an acknowledgement of research messages that not only identify parental style as part of the problem, but also view parenting education and family support as among the more promising potential contributors to a solution. Longitudinal and other studies in Britain, the United States, and other western nations have consistently placed family and parenting variables among the most significant risk factors for childhood and adolescent antisocial behaviour as the precursor of adult antisocial behaviour (Robins, 1978; Farrington, 1995a). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter 1 of the book "Explosion Hazards in the Process Industries," by Rolf K. Eckhoff is presented. This chapter provides information on the origin, course, prevention and mitigation of accidental explosions in the process industries. It discusses the prevention of fires and explosions and the mitigation of their effects. It also identifies the differences in the ways and circumstances in which clouds of different fuel categories are generated and sustained.

The article discusses the microbial spoilage of polymer dispersions and its prevention. It explains the pH of polymer dispersions. The main components required for the manufacture of polymer dispersions are discussed. It provides information on the types and application of polymer dispersions. The microbiology of polymer dispersions is presented. The ways of preventing microbial spoilage are detailed.

The article reviews the use of power estimation techniques typically used in prevention research and presents an extension of the power estimation paradigm within the latent-variable framework, specifically latent growth-curve modeling. The issues raised in the article are not new, but it is important that researchers consider them. Exactly how they handle these issues will depend on the questions asked, the resources available, and other considerations.

This section aims to understand prevention as a concept and intervention strategy in clinical sociology, examines how preventive interventions have been used at different levels of human complexity and outlines and discusses how to do prevention programming. In medicine, prevention is thought of at three levels, namely primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, each of which has distinct intervention strategies.

Provoked by the French charge that there was ‘never a good town in England, only London’, the English herald in the Debate of the Heralds of 1549 was moved to respond at length: ‘I pray you, what is Berwick, Carlisle, Durham, York, Newcastle, Hull, Northampton, Norwich, Ipswich, Colchester, Coventry, Lichfield, Exeter, Bristol, Salisbury, Southampton, Worcester, Shrewsbury, Canterbury, Chichester?’ All these, and more, ‘if they were in France, should be called good towns’. The herald's list of twenty towns embraces between a third and a half of the fifty or so regional centres and major county towns of England which – with their equivalents in Scotland and Wales – are the subject of this chapter. It also contains fourteen – almost one half – of the thirty-one largest English provincialm towns in the early sixteenth century, which are enumerated in Table 11.1 below. It is evident from the other six towns nominated by the herald, however, that size of population was not the only criterion for entry in his list. Lichfield, Chichester, Durham and Carlisle were there because, like others, they were cathedral cities, Hull because it was another important port, Berwick as a vital frontier citadel. Without some of these, moreover, the thinly populated North of England would scarcely have been represented at all. Status and function were as important as size in defining good towns. The same applied to ‘great towns’, the other conceptual category which contemporaries applied to the upper reaches of the urban hierarchy, though in this case size came more deliberately into the frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter aims to provide an overview of the process of demographic change in the burgeoning growth of towns and cities of the period 1700–1840. The first section will consider the characteristics of migration into urban areas. English towns in this period had a preponderance of females. Why was this the case? What is the particular role of women in the process of urbanisation? The second section will examine the ‘vital events’ of marriage, birth and death. Notably, this time period has been dubbed ‘the dark ages’ of urban demography. The label is justified not only because there are large gaps in our knowledge, but also as a result of the fact that this period is characterised by excess mortality associated with desperate living conditions. The chapter develops by exploring the effects of population change on the progress of urban society. How did migrants assimilate into urban life? How did urbanisation affect social structures? The 1851 census showed that by the mid-nineteenth century half of the population of England and Wales lived in towns. How did people shape the urban context? The characteristics of migration There is no doubt that urban growth on the scale described by John Langton in the last chapter was to a large measure a result of migration. Yet there has been no detailed analysis of migration into towns and cities for this time period. The paucity of research is particularly apparent for 1750–1850, in which urbanisation and industrialisation are related processes. Indeed much of the available evidence is impressionistic and based on biographical and genealogical material which is only just starting to be quantified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Were the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the first to define, for British people, ‘the urban experience’? In broad terms, the answer to this would have to be in the negative, since the pattern of major towns, at least in England and Scotland, was already long-established, and the sixteenth century's increase in population can be seen as a phase of recovery as much as of expansion. On the other hand, it is in this period that London emerges as a European metropolis and as England's capital city, that urbanisation becomes linked with national identity and centralised government, and that the proportion of those resident in towns, or sharing in the experience of towns in some phase of life, begins to accelerate. In this chapter, urbanisation will first be examined in demographic terms, with reference to migration, fertility, marriage and mortality, especially in relation to subsistence and the shift from epidemic to endemic causes of death. The second section explores contemporary sensibilities and social structure as affected by changes in the pattern of disease and in the urban environment, touching on gender, work and poverty, and contemporary ideas about population, crowding and urban life. By ‘environment’ we mean, in particular, factors affecting townspeople's sense of the presence of others. The final section analyses the ambivalent character of two staple sources of reassurance, household and neighbourhood, which provided continuity but which can be shown to be open to challenge and renegotiation from within and without as urban pressures intensified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter 3 of the book "Modern Manors: Welfare Capitalism Since the New Deal" by Sanford M. Jacoby is presented. It focuses on the employee fringe benefit programs created by George Eastman, founder of Eastman Kodak Co. in Rochester, New York. It states that the benefit programs, which include housing, health insurance and a share of Kodak's profits, were built to minimize layoffs within the company.

Chapter 17 of the book "The Insidious Dr. Fu-Manchu," by Sax Rohmer is presented. It narrates the eagerness and persistence of Doctor Petrie and Nayland Smith to reach the place where Doctor Fu-Manchu had been doing his evil attempts to erase humanity in exchange of his venomous and deadly pets. Their attempt can be dangerous but they still pursued their plan because of their concern over the safety and welfare of the society.

Chapter 15 of the book "The Insidious Dr. Fu-Manchu," by Sax Rohmer is presented. It explores the fear and worries of Doctor Petrie over the threatening crimes and violence in the city through the devilish attempt of Doctor Fu-Manchu to reign the whole land. His intelligence led him into a frustration to lead a bunch of venomous and deadly animals. However, it is the advocacy of Petrie and his friend Nayland Smith to save whosoever they can from death.