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The article focuses on the life and work of Cornelius O'Leary, the Missouri pastor who worked to further the activities of the Knights of Labor in his own region and presumably played a minor role in the behind-the-scenes negotiations leading to the continued rapport of the Church and the laboring man. The career of Cornelius O'Leary throws light on many aspects of American social history-how labor's struggle affected one small but regionally influential community and how a clergyman, hitherto only slightly associated with a social reforming organization, found its challenge to his church a call to action. It also shows the social and economic pressures upon this reform-minded clergyman and, finally, his personal struggle not only to continue in his work of social reform but in addition to continue running an effective ministry. Interestingly, an obituary tribute to Father O'Leary, written seven years after his death, makes no mention of his activities with the Knights of Labor. But had it not been for these activities, Father O'Leary would probably have had an entirely different career.

Seven million immigrants within the next 10 years are hoped for by South American Countries recently canvassed by sociologist Phil Clark. These, he states, are to be recruited "under bold immigration programs instituted by Latin American republics striving toward agricultural and industrial self-sufficiency." Many population experts, however, are skeptical as to the possibility of attracting immigration in a volume of 700,000 a year in the near future. In this connection, it will be remembered that the U.S. never received over a million immigrants a year except in a few years which were characterized by very marked industrial expansion in this country coinciding with population pressure out of Europe. It is encouraging to see that one large segment of the world is anxious to extend a welcome to the harried, distressed, homeless people uprooted by the war. This skepticism is, therefore, not intended to discourage the efforts of Southern neighbors to attract immigrants it is rather a warning against undue hope for large population gains from this source.

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Iraq, or Mesopotamia, as the Greeks named it, is one of the Arab countries of the Middle East with very acute land problems. Although this predominantly agricultural country contains the valley of the Tigris and the Euphrates, which has fertile lands and has always been rich in resources, the land is unequally distributed. It is estimated that almost three-fourths of the population depend for their livelihood on the produce of the land. Accordingly land has great significance to a great number of people. The land problem, though grave, is only one of several causes of the migration from rural areas to the major cities of Iraq, which has occurred mostly during the last two decades. The purpose of this article is to examine the causes of the continuous migration from rural areas to the large cities, especially to Baghdad, Iraq, and to analyze and describe the conditions of the migrants. The movement of rural people to the main cities, especially to Baghdad, is a recent phenomenon, which is not directly caused by urbanization or industrialization. The system of landownership along with the political dissension among the peasants is the direct causes of migration. This problem has many repercussions, among the most significant of which is the cultural gap between the rural tribal migrants and the urbanites.