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Developing efficient catalysts for hydrogen (H 2) evolution from ammonia-borane (AB, NH 3 BH 3) is crucial for fuel cell applications. Photocatalytic hydrolysis of AB by heterogeneous catalysts under light irradiation has attracted attention as an effective technique for H 2 evolution. Here, we report an impregnation-reduction method to prepare the tungsten(VI) oxide-supported nickel/silver nanoparticles (denoted as NiAg/WO 3) and their characterization by advanced tools such as ICP-OES, PXRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS. The initial turnover frequency (TOF), activation energy (E a#), activation enthalpy (ΔH#), and activation entropy (ΔS#) values of NiAg/WO 3 nanoparticles in H 2 evolution from AB under visible light irradiation are calculated as 56.6 molH 2 ⋅ molNi 0.27 Ag 0.73 −1 ⋅ min−1, 52.14 kJ ⋅ mol−1, 47.78 kJ ⋅ mol−1, and −91.62 J ⋅ mol−1 ⋅ K−1, respectively. These findings are especially significant for a feasible application of AB in H 2 fuel cells. [Display omitted] • Ni 0.27 Ag 0.73 /WO 3 catalyst was prepared according to the impregnation-reduction method. • Characterization of the Ni 0.27 Ag 0.73 /WO 3 catalyst was performed using advanced analytical methods. • The Ni 0.27 Ag 0.73 /WO 3 catalyst provided an TOF value of 56.6 min−1 in the hydrolysis of AB under visible light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Green synthesis of agnps from H. tiliaceus L. leaves extract. • Characterization of agnps was done by FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XRD and FT-IR. • Nanoparticles were stable in charge, crystalline in shape, with an average size of 88.10 nm in colloidal form. • AgNPs displayed potential antioxidant activity and broad range of antibacterial activity. • AgNPs have been shown to have potential as a catalyst in the dye degradation process. The present study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from aqueous extract of Hibiscus tiliaceus L. leaves and their application in dye degradation, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. Analysis using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed that plant metabolite functional groups had a role in the reduction and stability of AgNPs, and X-ray crystallography (XRD) demonstrated that the AgNPs were in crystal form. The UV–vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential investigations revealed that the AgNPs were formed with an average size of 88.10 nm in colloidal form and were stable (-49 mV). The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) confirmed the shape and size of the AgNPs as spherical with a particle size of 30 - 35 nm, respectively. The AgNPs exhibited potential antioxidant activity by total antioxidant, DPPH, and reducing power assays. The biosynthesized AgNPs displayed a wide range of antibacterial activity on Gram-ve and Gram+ve bacteria by the zone of inhibition assay. AgNPs showed good anticancer activity on MCF-7 cells with an IC 50 value of 65.83 µg/mL. Furthermore, AgNPs acted as potential catalysts in combination with the reducing agent sodium borohydride (NaBH 4) for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), methylene orange (MO), and methylene green (MG) dyes. The degradation efficiency of catalyst AgNPs in the attendance of NaBH 4 for 15 min was noted to be 12.8 %, 26.92 %, and 47.56 % for MO, MB, and MG, respectively. The study concluded that green synthesized AgNPs could be highly applicable as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents in the biomedical field. Furthermore, AgNPs could be helpful in the remediation of dye effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Ongoing research into the development of nanomedicine includes the use of fungi, which have aided humans in their fight against cancer owing to their effortless and abundant aids. Existing clinical treatments for various types of tumors are ineffective, resulting in significant side effects and setbacks. In pharmaceutical, medical, and biomedical paradigms, the creation of nanoparticles (NPs) from fungal entities has been viewed as a promising approach recently. Different biological properties are the most prominent curative applications of the recently developed microbial based NPs for cancer treatment. Compounds found in many fungi that fight cancer function as a source of reactive oxygen species, inhibitors of mitotic kinase during cell division, and inhibitors of angiogenesis. This stops the multiplication of cancer cells and eventually kills them. Most studies agree that fungi can help in cancer treatment because they can handle many metals and store them in their bodies. This means that they can accept metals inside cells very well and bind to the cell walls very efficiently. This article discusses interesting research on fungi-mediated nanoparticles (NPs), their synthesis, and their use in cancer treatment. [Display omitted] • Challenges of existing anti-cancer clinical treatments. • Fungi in nanomedicine for cancer treatment. • Mechanism of action and promising approach of fungal nanoparticles. • Therapeutic applications of fungal nanoparticles in cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formation of Ag nanoparticles in the PbO–Bi 2 O 3 –Ga 2 O 3 heavy metal oxide glasses modified by addition of Ag 2 O and Sb 2 O 3 was monitored using electrical and optical measurements. Electrical measurements are suitable for this purpose as they are very sensitive to any changes in the arrangement of the material structure. The formed spherical silver nanoparticles were studied by a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), their nature was confirmed by selected area electron diffraction analysis (SAED) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We demonstrated and documented that the samples containing Ag/Sb change during additional heating (in the investigated temperature range of 240–290 °C) – the electrical conductivity changes and also the relaxation time as established by electrical modulus measurements changes. The behaviour of the base glass without Ag/Sb addition remains practically unaffected by the same additional heating. TEM confirmed an increased number of spherical nanoparticles as a consequence of heat treatment. The indexes of the SAED pattern match the fcc-Ag crystalline phase, HRTEM identified the periodical arrangement in these particles to correspond to d-spacing of (111) planes in Ag and the elemental state of the present Ag in the heat-treated sample was confirmed also by XPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of electrocatalysts in oxygen reduction reactions is crucial for clean energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Developing highly active and low-cost oxygen reduction catalysts remains a significant challenge. In this work, a silver loaded nitrogen doped graphene sheet (Ag-NGs) nanocomposite with high ORR catalytic performance was synthesized by a microwave plasma technique. XPS analysis reveals that silver nanoparticles preferentially adsorb onto the graphite-nitrogen site structure, resulting in improved catalytic activity for ORR, a conclusion confirmed by first principles calculations. And the incorporation of high-level nitrogen doping into graphene with a pyridine structure also contributes to the improved performance of the ORR catalyst. Moreover, the Ag-NGs nanocomposite not only demonstrates exceptional catalytic activity for the four-electron pathway of oxygen reduction reactions, but also exhibits remarkable stability. This study underscores the potential of the Ag-loaded nitrogen-doped graphene nanocomposite as a promising electrocatalyst for utilization in clean-energy devices. [Display omitted] • Ag/NGs is in-situ synthesized by a nitrogen-containing polymer organic substance. • The pyridine nitrogen in NGs provides a large number of catalytic active sites. • Ag-graphitic N structure is responsible for the 4-electron transfer process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Molecular docking analysis supports the potential of AgNPs, to bind to fungal proteins, inhibiting growth and activity in Alternaria species. • AgNPs enhance plant resistance against Early Blight by reducing stress parameters and enzyme activity. • Integrating biochemical markers helps monitor plant response to AgNPs and pathogens, advancing our understanding of plant defense mechanisms. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a globally significant crop, but its cultivation is challenged by the devastating Early Blight disease caused by Alternaria solani , leading to substantial yield losses. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as potential antifungal agents, garnering increasing attention. In this study, we investigated the impact of biogenic AgNPs on tomato plant defense mechanisms during a three-way interaction with plant pathogens and nanoparticles. Additionally, the study explored the integration of biochemical markers to assess plant response. Histochemical analyses confirmed the presence of oxidative stress markers (H 2 O 2 and O− 2), as well as callose and lignin deposition, supporting the involvement of defensive responses in this study. Metabolic profiling revealed that tomato plants exposed to 20 ppm AgNPs exhibited maximal accumulation levels of various secondary metabolites compared to the control group. Remarkably, the concurrent application of AgNPs and plants resulted in enhanced plant resistance against biotic stress, as evidenced by reduced stress parameters and stress enzyme activity. The antioxidant enzymes (PO, SOD, CAT, LPX) exhibited significant variations among treatments, emphasizing the influence of AgNPs on maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in plant cells. These findings highlight the potential of nanotechnology-based approaches in bolstering food supply and promoting sustainable agriculture. Our study underscores the significance of integrating biochemical markers to monitor and assess plant response during the interaction with nanoparticles and pathogens. This integration offers a promising avenue for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of plant defense and optimizing agricultural practices. In conclusion, our research elucidates the potential of silver nanoparticles in augmenting plant resistance against Early Blight disease in tomato, ultimately contributing to sustainable agriculture. The incorporation of biochemical markers further advances our understanding of the intricate interplay between nanoparticles, plant pathogens, and plant defense mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosynthesized nanoparticles are gaining popularity due to their unique biological applications and biologically active secondary metabolites from plants that contribute to green synthesis. In this study, silver nanoparticles were prepared easily, consistently, affordably, and sustainably using Olea paniculata aqueous leaf extract, which has antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Several techniques were used to characterize the biosynthesized Olea paniculata silver nanoparticles, including UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). FTIR assessed the functional groups that were capping and reducing the biosynthesized AgNPs. The antioxidant activity of the biosynthesized nanoparticles was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Both Gram-positive (B. subtilis) and Gram-negative (E. coli, K. pneumoniae) bacteria were used in the testing to determine their antibacterial activity. The biosynthesized nanoparticles demonstrated dose-dependent inhibitory effects with a significant zone of inhibition; a microbe is believed to be more susceptible to an antibiotic if its zone of inhibition is larger. The zone becomes more resistant to the microbes and less sensitive as it gets smaller, and as a result, the zone was more effective against E. coli and K. pneumonia than B. subtilis. E. coli and K. pneumonia were most susceptible and B. subtilis was least susceptible to the low concentration of silver nanoparticles (4 µL). The biosynthesized Olea paniculata AgNPs can be further exploited as a potential candidate for antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer agents because this study showed that they were associated with good antibacterial activity against specific bacteria when prepared from Olea paniculata leaf extract. [Display omitted] • Fabrication of AgNPs by using leaves extract of Olea paniculata for the very 1st time. • Thorough characterization of AgNPs using particle size analyzer, UV–vis spectrophotometry, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD. • Functional groups and chemical bond analysis to investigate the reduction site and role of Olea paniculata leaves extract. • Evaluation of biological role (antibacterial activity, antioxidant) for medicinal point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Eco-friendly synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Solanum nigrum root extract, characterized using various techniques (XRD, UV–Vis, FTIR, TEM, SAED and EDAX). • Dose-dependent lung cancer activity is evaluated. • Environmental remediation against methylene blue and methylene orange dyes. • Antibacterial assessment targeting Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, we utilized the natural reducing and stabilizing properties of Solanum nigrum root (SNR) to create nanoscale gold and silver particles, and explored their potential for anticancer, antibacterial, and photocatalytic applications. Natural source-based nanoparticle preparation was achieved by combining root extract with aqueous solutions of chloroauric acid and silver nitrate. The produced nanoparticles were recognized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Resulting nanoscale particles had diameters of 22.35 nm and 11.85 nm for gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized using a 5 ml SNR extract. While 16.06 nm and 8.72 nm sized gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using a 10 ml SNR extract. Their antibacterial properties were tested against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest inhibitory activity. To evaluate the effectiveness of NPs in treating lung cancer, in vitro experiments were performed utilising the A549 cell line. The remarkable performance of gold and silver nanoparticles in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and methylene orange was demonstrated. This research contributes to Solanum nigrum -derived metal nanoparticles and their multifunctional capabilities, paving the way for new prospects in cancer therapeutics, antibacterial agents, and environmental remediation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology has been developing tremendously since the 1970s. Various types of nanoparticles such as carbon, metal, bio-originated, etc. have been synthesized by a variety of physical, chemical and biological methods. Biological methods which employ bacteria, fungi and plants for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles are found to be a sustainable and eco-friendly approach. Among biological methods, plants being a cleaner and greener source are widely accepted. The present work includes screening the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the roots and leaves extract of 15 different Indian Crinum species, optimization, characterization and kinetic studies of silver nanoparticles. Among all the species, the highest synthesis was observed by Crinum moorei which was detected by apeak at 390 nm in UV–visible spectrophotometry. The optimization of silver nanoparticle synthesis from C. moorei roots was performed based on extract concentration (1 %), salt concentration (1.5 mM), pH (9) and temperature (30°C). The kinetics study of silver nanoparticles showed a rate constant of 0.0609 h−1. Furthermore, the characterization of synthesized silver nanoparticles was conducted using TEM, SEM, FTIR, XRD, NTA and DLS. These synthesized AgNPs exhibited catalytic activity for Congo red dye decolorization, which could serve as an initiative for the further studies to control the environmental pollution caused by dyes and colorants. [Display omitted] • First report of synthesis of AgNPs using root extracts of Crinum moorei. • Characterization of synthesized AgNPs using UV-visible spectroscopy, FESEM, TEM, NTA, XRD and FTIR. • Kinetics of synthesis of AgNPs. • Catalytic activity of AgNPs in degradation of Congo red. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive and biocompatible BC/AgNP composite films were synthesized by loading silver nanoparticle (AgNP) into bacterial cellulose (BC) fibrils. Physicochemical analyses (FTIR, TGA-DSC, SEM-EDS, TEM, XRD) and mechanical tests were performed on the synthesized BC fibril and BC/AgNP composite films. Young's Modulus, Tensile strength, Elongation at break, Compressive strength and Stiffness of (45% moisture) BC/AgNP composite films were found to be 253.2 ± 2.01 MPa, 13.7 ± 1.40 MPa, 21.4 ± 1.67%, 47.17 ± 8.98 MPa, 1.05 ± 2.32 GPa and 519.88 ± 81.51 (Units), respectively. Moreover, the high-water retention capacity of BC fibril structures was supported by the contact angles and swelling profiles observed in BC/AgNP composite structures. Further, the bioadhesion performance of BC/AgNP composite films was evaluated ex vivo on chicken skin and it was observed that the presence of AgNP played an active role in the adhesion behavior of the composite films. It was also observed that the synthesized BC/AgNP composite films exhibited bactericidal behavior against pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and had a high bactericidal effect. Biocompatibility tests of the composite films were evaluated by using L929 mouse fibroblast cells. The cell nucleus wall staining (Mitored and Dio6) and fluorescence visualization studies were performed to investigate the biocompatibility behavior of BC/AgNP composite films. The results showed that BC/AgNP composite films did not any cytotoxic effect and allowed epidermal cells to adhere and grow. Overall, obtained results showed that the synthesized biocompatible BC/AgNP composite films are suitable to be used as wound dressings in tissue engineering applications and may be used as a bioactive material that can reduce inflammation in skin barriers and promote wound healing. [Display omitted] • Bacterial cellulose was produced by bacteria (Gluconacetobacter hansenii , ATCC 23769) incubated under a static condition. • SEM-EDS, FTIR, TGA and XRD showed the incorporation of silver nanoparticles. • Bacterial cellulose-silver nanoparticle composite film exhibited bioadhesive behaviour. • Bacterial cellulose-silver nanoparticle composite film exhibited good antibacterial properties. • Bacterial cellulose-silver nanoparticle composite film did not exhibit cytotoxic behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a cost-effective methodology for simplifying the preparation of doped ceramic materials at the nanoscale. Pristine indium oxide (IO) and Ag-doped indium oxide (IAO) have been synthesized using a sophisticated wet-chemical method with adjusted physical conditions, surfactant addition rate, and annealing temperature to tailor the desired structural characteristics. The effect of silver doping on the indium oxide ceramic's electronic, optical, electrical, physical, and structural features has been studied using XRD, FTIR, photoluminescence (PL), UV/Vis, I–V SEM, and EDX techniques. The noble metal doping decreased the band gap, slowed the e−/h+ recombination probability, induced structural defects, and tuned the surface-to-volume ratio; all these features made the doped catalyst a more promising candidate for photocatalytic application than the undoped counterpart. According to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, the IAO photocatalyst demonstrated a reaction rate of 0.20 min−1, resulting in the efficient elimination of 87.2 % of the crystal violet (CV) dye. The indium oxide doped with noble metal exhibited a remarkable retention rate of 96.5 % in cyclic activity after undergoing four reusability tests. The scavenging tests have shown that the hydroxyl free radical is the predominant species involved in the process of dye degradation. The physical and application investigations have shown that our recently produced nanostructured material, doped with noble metals and indium oxide, has promise as a viable material for effective light absorption and quick elimination of azo dyes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work is based on developing more efficient bioanode nanocomposite materials for enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFCs) applications. The selection of useful electrode materials (EMs) is depended on their long-term stability, high current density, and low open-circuit voltage (OCV). Continuous efforts are being applied by the research communities for developing advanced efficient EMs. In the past few decades, nanomaterials and their composite have become promising materials that have been used as effective EMs in supercapacitors, solar cells (SCs) and BFCs applications. Herein, ternary nanocomposite, composed of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) decorated on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and graphene oxide sheets (GO), based bioanode was designed by employing Ferritin (Frt) and glucose oxidase (GO x) enzymes on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The formation of Ag@ZnO-NPs/GO nanocomposite was confirmed using analytical techniques such as FTIR and XRD. The structural surface morphology and in-depth investigation of Ag@ZnO-NPs/GO nanocomposite were performed using SEM and TEM. Besides these, the electrochemical behavior of as-synthesized Ag@ZnO-NPs/GO nanocomposite and the designed bioanode Ag@ZnO-NPs/GO/Frt/GO x were examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The resulting bioanode showed good catalytic activity toward glucose oxidation and splendid stability. In the presence of glucose (optimum concentration = 30 mM), the maximum current density was 7.7 mA cm−2, comparable to the other bioanode EMs. The results of this work reflected the appropriateness of Ag@ZnO-NPs/GO/Frt/GO x bioanode materials as assured EMs for the generation of EBFCs. • ZnO NPs and Ag NPs were synthesized via green route. • Ag@ZnO-NPs/GO nanocomposite was used as scaffold material. • Bioanode exhibited accomplishment of the mediated electron transfer through Frt. • Current density with bioanode was 7.7 mA cm−2 at glucose concentration of 30 mM. • High performance bioanode was achieved via wiring of enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalyst technology is the most feasible method for the degradation of industrial pollutants as it requires lesser energy and is also highly efficient. In this study, we report for the first time the synthesis of strontium nitrate nanocubes (ST NCs) by two-step decoration strategy using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and graphene oxide nanosheets (GO NSs) to form Ag/ST and Ag/ST/GO nanocomposites via facile ultrasonication route. The crystallinity, chemical composition, morphology, optical, photocatalytic and electrochemical measurements of the samples were characterized using x-ray diffractometer (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), high-resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer and electrochemical workstation. The synthesized 3%Ag/ST and 3%Ag/ST/3%GO nanocomposites demonstrated highest degradation efficiency for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye, resulting in 97 % and 99 % degradation in 60 min and 45 min. The samples demonstrated good stability and reproducibility throughout the degradation process. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical porous nanostructure alumina ceramics (HP-Al 2 O 3) were prepared through a novel approach involving polymer-assisted freeze-drying and subsequent calcination. The resulting material exhibits interconnected micro-meso-macro pores, distinguishing it from traditional Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles (Al 2 O 3 -Nps) prepared without freeze-drying. By manipulating freeze-drying precursors and calcination temperatures, we tailor the morphology and structure of HP-Al 2 O 3. Notably, the HP-Al 2 O 3 demonstrates a remarkable 5.3-fold increase in adsorption efficiency for Congo red compared to Al 2 O 3 -Nps, attributed to its significantly larger specific surface area. The HP-Al 2 O 3 is a versatile platform for building multi-functional composites, proved by immobilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNps) and graphitized carbonitride (g-C 3 N 4) through chemical reduction and gas-solid reaction methods, respectively. When employed for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and the degradation of Rhodamine B, Ag/HP-Al 2 O 3 and g-C 3 N 4 /HP-Al 2 O 3 display approximately 2.5 and 2.4 times higher reaction rate constants compared to Ag/Al 2 O 3 -Nps and g-C 3 N 4 /Al 2 O 3 -Nps. This enhanced catalytic performance is attributed to several key factors: the 3D porous framework of the HP-Al 2 O 3 facilitates efficient catalyst immobilization, the microporous and mesoporous nature increases the active site and specific surface area, and the hierarchical porous structure enhances mass diffusion and light capture. Moreover, the self-supporting nature of the HP-Al 2 O 3 simplifies separation and recovery from reaction solutions. With the integration of its hierarchical porous structure and commendable recovery properties, HP-Al 2 O 3 emerges as a promising candidate for various functional applications, particularly in catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burkholderia pseudomallei is responsible for melioidosis, a tropical disease that is difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have strong antibacterial properties and are effective against B. pseudomalle i. This study investigated the synergistic effect of AgNPs and ceftazidime (CAZ) against B. pseudomallei 316c and H777 strains. The combined use of AgNPs and CAZ showed significantly higher growth inhibition of B. pseudomallei than when used individually. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and protein leakage analysis revealed that the combined AgNPs-CAZ induced ROS, which had a strong effect. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was used to investigate the morphology of B. pseudomallei H777, which showed that the surface membrane of bacterial cells was severely damaged after treatment with the combined AgNPs-CAZ. The combined AgNPs-CAZ treatment was also non-toxic to human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549) at low concentrations, with no changes in morphology observed. These findings suggest that combining AgNPs and CAZ could be a promising treatment for melioidosis. • The combined AgNPs-CAZ caused damage to the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane of B. pseudomallei. • The combined AgNPs-CAZ induced reactive oxygen species which caused cell death by reacting with DNA, proteins, and lipids of B. pseudomallei. • The combined AgNPs-CAZ resulted in decreased cytotoxicity in the human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding novel sources of polysaccharides with suitable properties for desired uses in numerous sectors, such as nanotechnology, is becoming a more active area of research. Galactomannan (AGFPG) from the seeds of Astragalus gombiformis Pomel (Fabaceae) was extracted and characterized, and its potential application in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated. The yield after hot water extraction was 10.4% (w/w), and the total carbohydrate content was 83.09 ± 0.03% (w/w). High-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that AGFPG was composed of β-D-mannose (60.05%) and α-D-galactose (39.95%), with a Man/Gal ratio of 1.51. Biosynthesis was confirmed by the absorption peak of AgNPs at 423 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images and X-ray diffractogram revealed the spherical shape and the crystalline structure of AgNPs. A Zeta potential value of AgNPs − 48.6 mV showed their high stability. The hydrodynamic diameter of AgNPs by Dynamic light scattering is 144.4 nm. The AgNPs showed significant antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity (DPPH and Ferric reducing power). AGFPG, as a new galactomannan, can be used as a reducing and capping agent. Biosynthesized AgNPs exhibit good antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, which has led to their use in a variety of fields. [Display omitted] • Extraction and characterization of new galactomannan (AGFPG). • Man/Gal ratio of AGFPG is 1.51. • Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by AGFPG. • AgNPs showed effective antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Silver nanoparticles promoted growth, reduced ethylene content and abnormal phenomena in micropropagation of Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthus amarus is a valuable medicinal plant that is used to manufacture medications that treat viral hepatitis and improve liver function. Due to excessive ethylene production, micropropagation of P. amarus frequently results in abnormal phenomena such as leaf abscission, leaf yellowing, shoot with callus and vitrification. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was supplemented to the shoot multiplication medium to promoted growth, reduced ethylene content and abnormal phenomena in micropropagation of P. amarus. The results indicated that 7 mg/L AgNPs in shoot multiplication medium enhanced the shoot growth consists of number of shoots (7.33 shoots), shoots higher than 3 cm in height (5.67 shoots), shoot height (5.17 cm) fresh weight (215.32 mg) and dry weight (28.36 mg) were higher than those others after 30 days of culture. Besides, 7 mg/L AgNPs derived- shoots reduced abnormal phenomena; especially, 7 mg/L AgNPs treatment reduced about 4.5-fold leaf abscission, 1.5-fold leaf yellowing, 2-fold shoot with callus and 5-fold ethylene content as compared to those in control. The subsequent growth, acclimatization and accumulation of hypophyllanthin (48.51 µg/g) and phyllanthin (213.08 µg/g) contents of AgNPs derived- plantlets were higher than those in the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Spermidine had a positive effect on somatic embryogenesis of Lang Bian ginseng. • The fluctuations of endogenous hormones during somatic embryogenesis were recorded. • Spermidine at 0.1 mM concentration increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. • AgNPs improved the rhizome formation rate of Lang Bian ginseng. Lang Bian ginseng (Panax vietnamensis var. langbianensis) is a rare and traditional herbal medicine with many pharmacological activities. It was first discovered by Duy et al. (2016) in Lam Dong province, Vietnam. Until now, there has been only one publication on Lang Bian ginseng micropropagation via somatic embryogenesis (Anh et al., 2022). However, this study still had limitations, including the small number of somatic embryos and the time-consuming. This study investigated the effect of spermidine, glutamine, and proline on the enhancement of somatic embryogenesis (SE) of Lang Bian ginseng using thin cell layer culture technology. The results showed that the optimal SE rate and the number of somatic embryos per explant were achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.01 mM spermidine in leaf explants (93.32 % and 54.20 embryos, respectively) and petiole explants (96.66 % and 68.80 embryos, respectively) and higher compared to these in other treatments, including control, glutamine, and proline treatments. Besides, adding 0.01 mM spermidine to the culture medium also improved the quality of somatic embryos, mainly cotyledonary stage, through an enhanced synthesis of antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)]. In addition, the fluctuations of endogenous hormones during initiation and maturation of SE derived from 0.01 mM spermidine treatment were recorded. Endogenous CKs (ZEA, 2iP, KIN, mT), IAA, and GA 3 concentrations were the highest during the induction stage in both explants. Meanwhile, the remaining endogenous hormones (MEL, ABA, and SA) exhibited no inevitable fluctuation trends. In addition, IAA was only detected at the induction stage of SE in both explants. Moreover, cotyledonary somatic embryos derived from 0.01 mM spermidine treatment grew well in MS medium supplemented with 1.2 mg/L AgNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and development of silver and gold nanoparticles incorporated into silk fibroin and gelatin composite nanofibers were prepared using the electrospun method. The functional group, chemical composition, and thermal stability of composite nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated using different characterization techniques. The confirmation of SF/GL/Ag-Au composite nanofibers was achieved through FE-SEM and AFM images, which proved to be highly beneficial for assessing surface morphology, thickness, and roughness area (Ra) with dimensions of 777 nm and 292.71 nm, respectively. Furthermore, HR-TEM images were used to elucidate the morphological structure and size of metal nanoparticles in SF/GL/Ag-Au composite nanofibers, revealing an average diameter length of 220.85 ± 82.65 nm for Ag and Au nanoparticles sizes noted at 6.25 nm and 11.56 nm. In addition, flow cytometry analysis of SF/GL/Ag-Au composite nanofibers was conducted to assess the viability of L929 cells and detect the apoptosis levels. Furthermore, invivo wound healing studies were performed on Sprague-Dawley rat animals. The results demonstrated that SF/GL/Ag-Au composite nanofiber scaffolds significantly accelerated wound closure, achieving a remarkable 99.58 % wound healing rate in the 21 days compared to control groups. In conclusion, our findings highlight that SF/GL/Ag-Au composite nanofiber scaffolds are highly suitable for wound dressing applications. [Display omitted] • The SF/GL/Ag-Au composite nanofiber was prepared through the electrospinning method. • Silk fibroin and gelatin act as reducing and stabilizing agents for metal nanoparticles. • The average diameter length of SF/GL/Ag-Au composite nanofibers is 220.85 ± 82.65 nm. • Flow cytometry analysis is more beneficial for detecting apoptosis and cell viability. • SF/GL/Ag-Au composite nanofiber is the most effective material for wound dressing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Indigofera heterantha is an important medicinal shrub. • Melatonin is an important growth promoter that elicite production of secondary metabolites. • Adventitious roots conserve the plants by producing pharmacologically important secondary metabolites. • Melatonin enhances the effectiveness of AgNPs synthesis in in-vitro culture. Indigofera heterantha is a medicinal shrub of the family Fabaceae that naturally produces pharmaceutically important polyphenolics and at the verge of extinction due to ruthless exploitation. The adventitious roots provide bases for the conservation of endangered plants by decreasing pressure on their wild populations and help in the large-scale production of pharmacologically important secondary metabolites. The main objective of the current study was to establish a feasible protocol for adventitious roots and to investigate the effect of melatonin on the biosynthesis of biomass, secondary cell products, and greener synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for various biological activities. Melatonin is an important growth promoter and plays a key role in plant defense that can be used as elicitors for large-scale production of secondary metabolites. Different concentrations of melatonin revealed that 1.5 mg l−1 melatonin was effective for the biosynthesis of maximum biomass during log phases of growth kinetics. The same melatonin concentration enhanced total phenolics content (TPC; 68.28 mg/g-DW), total flavonoids content (TFC; 24.34 mg/g-DW), total phenolics production (TPP; 153.63 g l−1), total flavonoids production (TFP; 54.80 g l−1), antioxidant activity and total secondary metabolites in adventitious roots. The melatonin-treated roots (300 mM) were able to produce maximum biogenic AgNPs, characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy (UV), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and were used for various biological activities. These NPs displayed maximum antimicrobial activities and further revealed that AgNPs and aqueous root extract displayed higher cytotoxic activities. The protocol developed here provides an alternative strategy for germplasm conservation and melatonin proved to be one of the best elicitors for different activities and has the potential of scaling up by various pharmaceutical industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Use of Ag-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose on two paper types is studied. • Spectral reflectance is measured and CIE L*a*b* coordinates under D65 are obtained. • The treatment induces a pinkish coloration mainly evident in the inoculation region. • Reactions to the treatments of the two types of paper are different. • The proposed method can be applied to analyze effects of any type of treatment. Artifacts made of paper (books, manuscripts, and other documents) represent a valuable part of cultural heritage. They are particularly fragile compared to other objects due to the multiple physical, chemical, and biological factors able to degrade the paper basic constituents, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Moreover, hemicellulose and lignin represent an ideal growth substrate for proliferation of microorganisms and fungi. Regarding this latter aspect, researchers have experimented several methods to prevent and control fungal development on paper documents, but, sometimes, these treatments present themselves collateral effects, being responsible for the variation of paper chromatic appearance. Recently, a suspension made of crystalline nanocellulose with the adding of silver nanoparticles was tested as antifungal method. Actually, the crystalline nanocellulose has been already experimented as starting material for preservation and consolidation treatments on paper, but the adding of silver nanoparticles also provided the suspension with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial action. The aim of the research is to investigate the potential effects of the so-prepared suspension in modifying the optical characteristics of the treated paper. To do that, two different types of paper were analyzed: Whatman and Amalfi. Squared paper samples (3 cm side) were prepared, subjected to artificial ageing, and then inoculated with nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) and with Ag-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC/Ag). Spectral reflectance measurements were performed on the samples, and the CIE L*a*b* chromatic coordinates under D65 were obtained. Comparing the measurements referred to samples treated with CNC and those treated with CNC/Ag, it has been possible to describe the effects due to the presence of silver in the suspension. Obtained results demonstrate that the chromatic variations of the samples treated with CNC/Ag are higher than those referred to the samples treated with CNC. Specifically, the chromatic variations ΔE* D65 range from 0.2 to 10.5 for the Whatman paper and from 0.3 to 5.1 for the Amalfi one. Moreover, it has been shown that the two types of paper react in a different way to the treatments and that the alterations are not homogenous on the entire paper sample, but more evident in the inoculation region in which pinkish spots arise. Finally, it has been proved that the alterations are not stable over time, but, especially for Whatman paper, they become more evident after one month and half from the preparation of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • SNPs, noise, independently and combined, decreased hearing performance. • TUBB3, MYH-7 expression decrease in rat cochlea after exposure to SNPs and noise. • The treatments changed IL-6, TNF-α, NOX3 expression in rat cochlea. • Quercetin improves hearing, reduces oxidative stress in noise-exposed and SNPs. • Que improves independent exposures more than combined exposures the treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the otoprotective effects of Quercetin (Que) against both noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and the ototoxicity of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) in rats. Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n = 6): control, SNPs, Que (100 mg/kg) plus SNPs (100 mg/kg), noise (104 dB), Que plus noise, noise plus SNPs, and noise plus Que plus SNPs. In the weight change results, there was no significant difference between the groups exposed to noise plus SNPs and SNPs compared to the control group. However, animals had significant changes in DPOAE amplitude at 1 and 3 days post-exposure when compared to baseline. Additionally, the DPOAE value of rats administered with Que plus SNPs was higher than in all other groups. Que also decreased the levels of TACT, MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, and NOX3 in the groups exposed to noise and SNPs and increased the SOD level and expression of myosin heavy chain VII (MYH7) and β-tubulin III (TUBB3) proteins. Furthermore, Que decreased structural changes in the animals' cochlea. Our findings indicate that pretreatment with Que efficiently counteracted the adverse effects of noise and SNPs on inner hair cell, outer hair cell, and nerve cells, which are responsible for high-frequency perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chirality is ubiquitous in the nature. Chiral nanomaterials show wide application prospects owing to their special properties. In this study, chirality was introduced into photocatalysis. Chiral L-cysteine was introduced into photocatalytic materials for preparation of chiral CdS quantum dots (QDs) at room temperature. Then the CdS QDs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectra, infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The hydrogen production activity was tested within the visible light range. Under visible light irradiation, the hydrogen yields of chiral CdS QDs at 298, 323, 333, 348, 358 K were all higher compared with the nonchiral CdS QDs. The hydrogen yield was maximized to 18.72 mmol/g/h at 333 K, which was significantly higher than that of the nonchiral CdS QDs (10.35 mmol/g/h). The reasons for the higher activity of chiral CdS QDs were that the introduction of the chiral ligand broadened the bandgap of CdS, and the more-negative conduction band strengthened the reducibility of photoelectrons. Moreover, the electron-donating groups that coordinated with the active Cd2+ directionally enhanced the electron density of CdS QDs. Theoretical calculation showed the conduction band electron density of CdS was significantly improved, which is consistent with the above results. For these reasons, the hydrogen production ability of chiral CdS QDs is considerably higher than that of nonchiral CdS QDs. • Chiral induced higher photocatalytic activity. • Greatly enhance the plasma resonance effect of silver nanoparticles. • Synergistic effect between silver nanoparticles and silver phosphate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial electron transfer plays an important role in the boosting photoactivity of heterojunction under sunlight irradiation. Here, the lattice oxygen migration etching Ag-doped perovskite induced self-assembly ternary heterojunction 0D/2D/1D Ag@Ni(OH) 2 /La(OH) 3 via hydrothermal treatment. The LaNiO 3 controlled self-assembled into Ni(OH) 2 /La(OH) 3 heterojunctions at the interface and constructed a semi-coherent interface. Furthermore, it became reinforced quaternary heterojunction 0D/2D/1D/2D Ag@Ni(OH) 2 /La(OH) 3 /g-C 3 N 4 by electrostatic self-assembly with g-C 3 N 4. The novel constructed Z-scheme heterojunction Ag@Ni(OH) 2 /La(OH) 3 /g-C 3 N 4 promotes the effective separation of photogenerated carriers. The semi-coherent interface between Ni(OH) 2 /La(OH) 3 promotes the transfer of photogenerated carriers. At the same time, the silver nanoparticles on Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets act as electron trapping sites to further improve the photocatalytic performance. In this way, the synthesized photoexcited quaternary heterojunction Ag@Ni(OH) 2 /La(OH) 3 /g-C 3 N 4 showed an outstanding hydrogen production rate from photocatalytic water splitting (the yield of hydrogen was 1633 μmol/g/h) under simulated sunlight. It is comparable to many g–C 3 N 4 –based photocatalysts known at present. • The Ag@Ni(OH) 2 /La(OH) 3 from La 1-x Ag x NiO 3 is synthesized by top-down and bottom-up methods. • The semi-coherent interface of Ni(OH) 2 /La(OH) 3 is constructed for carrier transport. • The Z-scheme and Ag nanoparticles promote charge separation. • The 0D/2D/1D/2D Ag@Ni(OH) 2 /La(OH) 2 /g-C 3 N 4 boosts the photocatalytic H 2 evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dypsis leptocheilos aerial parts (Arecaceae). • In vitro cytotoxicity (PC-3, HepG-2, HCT-116, and MCF-7). • Green-synthetized silver nanoparticles. • Metabolomics study. • Network Pharmacology Analysis Cancer, which is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division with loss of physiological functions. It is one of the most fatal diseases in the world. For thousands of years, natural treatments, particularly those made from natural products, have been used to cure a variety of diseases, including cancer. Several Arecaceae species have been suggested as potential treatments for a range of cancer types. Arecaceae have a long history of use in folk medicine to treat tumors and a variety of infectious disorders. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNP) using the total ethanolic extract of Dypsis leptocheilos aerial parts (TEEDL) as a reducing agent was investigated for their cytotoxic activity (using the MTT assay) for the first time. A color change from faint yellow to reddish brown in the first stages of SNP synthesis, indicating the synthesis of nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles were also elucidated by using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Zeta potential. The purified silver nanoparticle preparation demonstrated more promising cytotoxic activity against tested various cell lines than TEEDL. Cell viability by using the MTT assay demonstrated the cytotoxic activity of (TEEDL-based SNPs) against breast cancer cells (MCF-7), liver carcinoma (HepG2), colon carcinoma (HCT-116), and prostate carcinoma (PC-3) cell lines with IC 50 = 4.49 ± 0.23, 0.95 ± 0.05, 1.8 ± 0.1, and 2.74 ± 0.52 µg/mL, respectively. To find out which of the secondary metabolites are responsible for this activity, the metabolic profile of TEEDL was investigated. It detected 29 compounds. Finally, a network pharmacology analysis was conducted to find out the annotated genes identified by the major identified flavonoidal compounds. The results identified 145 genes annotated by the 10 major flavonoidal compounds. AKR1B1and CA7 were highly represented genes. Four-gene disease networks were constructed; (gene-breast cancers), (gene-liver cancers), and (gene-colon cancers), and (gene-prostate cancers). KEGG pathway analysis showed the top biological pathways related to all genes were nitrogen metabolism pathway, the VEGF signaling pathway, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repairing bone defects is particularly challenging when an infection is presented. In this study, poly(L-lactic) (PLLA) nanofibrous microspheres (large microspheres) were used as cell carriers to simulate the nanofibrous structure of the extracellular matrix. A planet-satellite composite microsphere with large microspheres and small microspheres was constructed by bonding hollow Ag@SiO 2 nanospheres (small microspheres) to nanofibrous PLLA microspheres. According to the results, PLLA nanofibrous microspheres activated by EDC and NHS can firmly combine with Ag@SiO 2 nanospheres. The composite microspheres demonstrated excellent drug release functions, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility and promoted cell adhesion and differentiation in vitro. The bone repair function of composite microspheres loaded with BMP2 growth factor was evaluated in rat that were infected with bacteria and exhibited skull defects. A four-week study showed that these microspheres significantly promoted bone regeneration in infected bone. These multifunctional microspheres could revolutionize bone repair and provide a much-needed solution for those suffering from infected bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their anticancer effects and tremendous potential in medicine, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts has gained considerable attention recently. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AM-AgNPs) were synthesized using Artemisia monosperma and their anticancer effects were tested against MCF-7 cells. The synthesized AM-AgNPs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The anticancer potential of AM-AgNPs was evaluated by MTT and NRU assays. Furthermore, mechanism(s) of anticancer effects of AM-AgNPs was assessed by cellular morphological damage, ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction. Our results revealed that the AM-AgNPs were crystalline and face-centered cubic, with an average size of 24 nm. The green synthesized AM-AgNPs induced a significant decrease in cell viability by 13–86% in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 9–79% in neutral red uptake (NRU) assay at 10–100 μg/mL, respectively, indicating potent anticancer properties. The IC 50 value for both assays was nearly 32 μg/mL. Additionally, imaging studies revealed that AM-AgNPs triggered cell death. Furthermore, our results indicated that the anticancer activity exhibited by AM-AgNPs in MCF-7 cells was mediated by ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, AM-AgNPs are excellent candidates for treating breast cancer. [Display omitted] • Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AM-AgNPs) using extract of Artemisia monosperma. • AM-AgNPs were characterized by UV–vis, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, EDX, and X-ray techniques. • AM-AgNPs exhibited anticancer effects against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). • The anticancer property was mediated by ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction. • AM-AgNPs are an excellent candidate for cancer therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts as reducing agents is an environmental friendly and cost-effective approach. This study aims to provide a detailed overview on the antioxidant, antimetastatic and apoptotic potential of leaf derived (L-AgNPs) and callus derived (C-AgNPs) silver nanoparticles of Hyptis suaveolens. The IC50 value of L-AgNPs was found to be 74.22 µg/ml and for C-AgNPs it was 74.66 µg/ml. Antimetastatic potential of both L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs were tested on MDA-MB-231 cell line. Both IC50 concentrations of L-AgNPs (74.22 µg/ml) and maximum concentration of 100 µg/ml was used for all the tests conducted. Similar procedure was adopted for C-AgNPs as well. The maximum adhesion inhibition was 75.64% while cellular invasion reduction was 72.66% and wound recovery was 49.61% with respect to L-AgNPs. C-AgNPs also showed similar type of results as L-AgNPs when compared to control. The antioxidant potential of L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs was tested by using DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity and reducing power. The L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs showed highest antioxidant potential when compared to control. [Display omitted] • Green synthesis of AgNPs and its characterization. • L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs exhibited maximum antioxidant potential. • L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs significantly reduced cellular adhesion and invasion. • L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs inhibited the cell migration. • L-AgNPs and C-AgNPs increased TUNEL positive cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study, comparative entomotoxic efficacy of silver nanoparticles obtained through the chemical and biological route against Sitophilus oryzae L. Physicochemical characterization results revealed that silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were spherical morphology with an average size of 20–51 nm having excellent stability. XRD diffraction peaks showed major peaks at (2 theta) 38.19º, 44.37º, 64.56º, and 77.47º confirming their crystalline nature. UV–vis spectra inferred strong absorbance between 410 and 450 nm. Bioassay studies exhibited the LD 50 values as 40.16 mg/100 g for c-Ag NPs and 24.69 mg/100 g for b-Ag NPs. The mortality brought by b-Ag NPs at the dose of 130 mg after 6 days of exposure was 100% whereas only 80% of mortality was observed for c-Ag NPs at the same dose. These c-Ag NPs also enhanced seedling characteristics i.e., germination (96%), seedling length (45.33 cm), vigor index (4351.68), and dry matter production (4.20 g). The experiment results shows that the b-Ag NPs are an alternative to insecticides against S. oryzae and improving agromorphological characteristics of maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ATPase-coding gene expressions in chloroplast were inhibited by AgNPs. • AgNPs can competitively bind to the active sites of AtpB. • The metabolic pathways mediated by ATP were downregulated by AgNPs. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation of aquatic organisms is often subject to nanoparticles (NPs) stress, involving extensive reprogramming of gene expression and changes in enzyme activity accompanied by metabolic disturbances. However, little is known about the mechanism of energy supply by ATP to regulate the metabolism of aquatic organisms under NPs stress. Here, we selected extensively existing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to investigate their implications on ATP generation and relevant metabolic pathways in alga (Chlorella vulgaris). Results showed that ATP content significantly decreased by 94.2% of the control (without AgNPs) in the algal cells at 0.20 mg/L AgNPs, which was mainly attributed to the reduction of chloroplast ATPase activity (81.4%) and the downregulation of ATPase-coding genes atp B and atp H (74.5%-82.8%) in chloroplast. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that AgNPs competed with the binding sites of substrates adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate by forming a stable complex with ATPase subunit beta, potentially resulting in the reduced binding efficiency of substrates. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis proved that the ATP content positively correlated with the content of most differential metabolites such as D-talose, myo-inositol, and L-allothreonine. AgNPs remarkably inhibited ATP-involving metabolic pathways, including inositol phosphate metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, glycerophospholipid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. These results could provide a deep understanding of energy supply in regulating metabolic disturbances under NPs stress. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) accounts for approximately 15% of leukemias. LukS-PV, a Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) component, is secreted by Staphylococcus aureus. Silver nanoparticles have increasingly been used for different purposes, most notably for drug delivery and anticancer agents. In this work, the cytotoxicity effect of recombinant LukS-PV protein, chemically synthesized AgNPs, and recombinant LukS-PV protein-loaded silver nanoparticles was investigated on human Chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells and human normal embryonic kidney HEK293 cells. Cell apoptosis was investigated by staining with Annexin V/propidium iodide. The recombinant LukS-PV protein-loaded silver nanoparticles exhibited dose‐dependent cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis in the K562 cells but had little effect on normal HEK293 cells. After 24 h of exposure to recombinant LukS-PV protein-loaded silver nanoparticles (IC50 concentration), flow cytometry showed that 31.17% of K562 cells were apoptotic. These results indicate that recombinant LukS-PV protein-loaded silver nanoparticles maybe are a potential chemotherapeutic agent candidate against K562 cells. Hence, silver nanoparticles could be used as drug carriers for toxin release to cancer cells. [Display omitted] • AgNPs+LukS-PV indicated significant anticancer activities on K562 cells. • The anticancer activity of AgNPs+LukS-PV was Better than AgNPs. • AgNPs+LukS-PV and LukS-PV killed more than 90% of chronic myeloid leukemia cells when they were used at high concentrations. • AgNPs+LukS-PV could lead to the development of new anticancer agent alternatives against chronic myeloid leukemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology has been developed for the quick production of stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), with the assistance of nitrate reductase from an isolated culture of Aspergillus terreus N4. The organism's intracellular and periplasmic fractions contained nitrate reductase, with the former demonstrating the highest activity of 0.20 IU/g of mycelium. When the fungus was cultivated in a medium comprising 1.056% glucose, 1.836% peptone, 0.3386% yeast extract, and 0.025% KNO 3 , the greatest nitrate reductase productivity of 0.3268 IU/g was achieved. Statistical modeling via response surface methodology was used to optimize the enzyme production. The periplasmic and intracellular enzyme fractions were found to convert Ag+ to Ag0, initiating synthesis within 20 min, with predominant nanoparticle sizes between 25 and 30 nm. By normalizing the effects of temperature, pH, AgNO 3 concentration, and mycelium age with a variable shaking period for enzyme release, the production of AgNPs with the periplasmic fraction was optimized. The synthesis of nanoparticles occurred at temperatures of 30, 40, and 50 °C, with the highest yield observed at 40 and 50 °C during shorter incubation periods. Similarly, the nanoparticles were synthesized at pH levels of 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0, with the greatest production observed at pH 8.0 and 9.0 at lower incubation periods. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was demonstrated against common foodborne pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium , indicating their potential as non-alcoholic disinfectants. • Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles synthesized using Aspergillus terreus N4, with nitrate reductase activity. • Nitrate reductase reduces Ag+ to Ag0, results in production of AgNPs, which were potent inhibitor of pathogenic microbes. • The AgNPs found to have the potential to be used as non-alcoholic disinfectant/sanitizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel chiral Ag@Ag 3 PO 4 -NaDC composite was synthesized by chiral induction. SEM, XRD, CD spectrum, FTIR, UV–vis and XPS were used to study the physical and chemical properties of the materials, and the photocatalytic oxidation ability was evaluated with methyl orange as the target pollutant. The results show that the introduction of chirality can obviously promote the light absorption ability, broaden the band gap, enhance the oxidation ability, promote the separation of electrons and holes, greatly enhance the plasma resonance effect of silver nanoparticles, and promote the synergistic effect between silver nanoparticles and silver phosphate. Compared with Ag@Ag 3 PO 4 , the catalytic degradation ability of chiral Ag@Ag 3 PO 4 -NaDC is improved by more than 60%. Therefore, the chiral Ag@Ag 3 PO 4 -NaDC composite exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance. In the degradation of methyl orange by Ag@Ag 3 PO 4 -NaDC, a large amount of ·O 2 - and h+ were formed on the surface, which was the main reason for the oxidation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of Amaranthus viridus and their characterization. • Growing of tomato plants and induction of infection (Botrytis cinerea) in them. • Application of green synthesized silver nanoparticles on infected plants along with positive and negative controls. • Mitigation of biotic stress of fungal infection in tomato plants by silver nanoparticles treatment. Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. commonly known as tomato is an important crop grown all over the world. Tomato crops are badly affected by various abiotic and biotic stresses and one of the biotic stressors that harm L. esculentum is Botrytis cinerea causing grey mold disease. Botrytis grey mold can badly disturb all above-ground parts of the tomato plant. In this study, silver nanoparticles were used to mitigate the negative effects of B. cinerea on tomato growth. These nanoparticles were produced from the leaf extract of Amaranthus viridis L. and characterization was done using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). Characterization confirmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with an average size of 11.4 -25 nm and a spherical shape. XRD analysis exhibited diffracted intensities at the 2θ values of 38.5°, 44.65°, 63.2°, and 77.25° which is significant for silver nanoparticles. An in vivo pot experiment was performed to evaluate various physiological and biochemical parameters of tomato plants, including chlorophyll, proline, sugar, protein, and growth parameters like fresh, and dry weight of plants. The experiment revealed that all the physiological and biochemical parameters improved after the application of silver nanoparticles as compared to the control groups e.g., chlorophyll content was 39.69 µg/g after NPs' treatment whereas in control it was 30.44 µg/g. Similarly, carotenoids were 10.05 µg/g in control and 12.68 µg/g with NP treatment whereas membrane stability was 51.34 % in control and 59.26 % with NPs-treated plants. Protein, sugar, and proline content were 0.31 mg/g, 0.68 µg/g, and 0.19 µg/g in control as compared to 0.59 mg/g, 1.11 µmol/g, and 0.07 µg/g respectively in NPs-treated plants. Disease occurrence was significantly reduced to 0% in plants treated with 0.03-0.05% silver NPs. Therefore, this study suggested that bio-fabricated silver nanoparticles reduced the harmful effects of B. cinerea in tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the structural, optical, refractive index dispersion, and shielding properties of Ag-containing lead-boro-phosphate glasses. The glasses were prepared using the classic melt-quenching method, in which the Ag 2 O concentration was varied in each synthesis. The precipitation of Ag NPs was proved by the appearance of the (200) crystal plane in the XRD patterns and confirmed by the homogeneous distribution of spherical agglomerates observed in TEM images. FTIR and Raman analyses have revealed a network depolymerization process resulting from the distortion of the PO 4 units and the formation of Ag NPs. Therefore, the Ag ions contribute at high concentrations to an increase in the glass density and a reduction in the optical band gap energy. Ellipsometry parameters indicate that the glass becomes more optically dispersive due to the Ag NPs formation, which improves its performance for several potential applications in multi-functional optical devices. The mass attenuation factors are determined in the energy range of 15 keV–15 MeV and are very sensitive to the silver content at low energies. The Half value layer (HVL) decreases with the amount of Ag 2 O, indicating the improvement in the material's ability to attenuate radiation. The results show that the glass sample with the highest Ag content has the highest shielding effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eco-friendly green synthesized Ag NPs decorated on the surface of graphene oxide (RGO/Ag NPs) have been described using Hibiscus tea leaf extract. The Hibiscus tea leaf extract was applied as a reducing and stabilizing agent for immobilizing silver nanoparticles without aggregation with spherical shape and uniform sizes. The as-synthesized nanocomposite (RGO/Ag NPs) was characterized using FE-SEM, EDX, elemental mapping, TEM, XRD and ICP analysis. The synthesized nanocomposite had very low cell viability and high anti-lung carcinoma activities dose-dependently against HLC-1, PC-14, LC-2/ad and NCI-H322 cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the normal cell line (HUVEC). The IC50 of the nanocomposite were 500, 327, 204, and 542 µg/mL against HLC-1, PC-14, LC-2/ad and NCI-H322 cell lines, respectively. The synthesized nanocomposite inhibited half of the DPPH molecules in the concentration of 141 µg/mL. Perhaps notable anti-lung carcinoma activities of the synthesized nanocomposite against common lung carcinoma cell lines are linked to their antioxidant activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, doxorubicin (DOX), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and DOX-AgNPs were used to screen metabolome activity in breast cancer (BC) cells. DOX and AgNPs may open an avenue for clinical application and BC metabolic inhibitors; however, their metabolic microenvironmental pathways are not well understood. To evaluate metabolic variations in DOX and AgNPs treated BC cells, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra were coupled with univariate and multivariate statistical methods. The 100 µg/mL of DOX, AgNPs, and DOX-AgNPs-treated BC cells were significantly different from untreated BC cells when multivariate pattern recognition of 1H NMR spectrum data was used. The results show that DOX, AgNPs, and DOX-AgNPs reduced energy, amino acids, neurological, and oxidative stress metabolism. An adenosine monophosphate (AMP), an adenosine diphosphate (ADP), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glutathione (GSH), glutamine, glutamate, trimethylamine, and xanthine were all significantly affected. As a results, we propose that DOX, AgNPs, and DOX-AgNPs exposure affected an important metabolic pathway, like pyrimidine metabolism, sucrose metabolism, and glutathione metabolism in BC cells. Data will be made available on request. [Display omitted] • Metabolites profiling of doxorubicin (DOX) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on breast cancer were studied using metabolomics. • DOX and AgNPs altered metabolic alterations in cancer metabolisms. • DOX and AgNPs has inhibited metabolic movement of energy, amino acids, phospholipids, and neuroprotective pathways. • DOX and AgNPs induced changes an quantitate metabolic discrimination and metabolic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunlight-induced photochromic glass exhibits attractive application prospects in the field of architecture materials. In this work, a series of borosilicate aluminate photochromic glasses containing AgCl nanocrystals were prepared. The photochromic property and mechanisms were systematically investigated. The color of the glass turned from transparent to black (or dark grey) under the irradiation of 365 nm ultraviolet light (or sunlight). Placing in a dark environment, the color of photochromic glass gradually restores to its initial state. From the results of in situ TEM and XPS measurement, it is found that the photochromic and self-bleaching behavior of borosilicate aluminate glass originated from the formation and decomposition of silver nanoparticles. Utilizing the photochromic and self-bleaching properties of the glass, the transmittance of the glass could be reversibly modulated. The cycle measurement shows excellent repeatability, demonstrating the potential application of AgCl-contained borosilicate aluminate photochromic glass in the fields of smart building windows and curtain walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, platinum-based silver nanoparticles (Pt@Ag NPs) were synthesized by the green synthesis method, and their catalytic effects on hydrogen production were investigated. The characterization measurements of the synthesized NPs were performed by TEM, UV–Vis, XRD, and FTIR. According to TEM characterization results, Pt@Ag NPs had an average size of 5.431 nm. In experiments based on catalytic reactions for hydrogen production, test measurements were made at different parameters. It was observed that as the concentrations of the substrate and catalysts increased, the catalytic reaction accelerated, and the hydrogen release increased. Likewise, it was determined that hydrogen production increased with increasing temperature in different temperature experiments. The turnover frequency, entropy, activation energy, and enthalpy values are calculated as 702.38 h−1, -160.5 J/mol.K, 32.48 kJ/mol, and 29.94 kJ/mol, respectively. According to the reusability test results, it was observed that the average reusability was found to be 85% after 5 cycles and it was confirmed that the NPs showed high-catalytic activity. In addition, the biological activities of Pt@Ag NPs, including antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer were tested. Pt@Ag NPs synthesized using Hibiscus sabdariffa (Hs) extract are thought to have the potential to be used in both biomedical and catalytic applications. The use of Pt@Ag NPs in the hydrogen production process shows great promise for green energy studies because it is environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and low cost. [Display omitted] • The catalytic activity of Pt-based Ag NPs as a green catalyst was determined. • The hydrogen generation of Pt@Ag NPs was examined on NaBH 4 hydrolysis. • TOF and Ea values of Pt@Ag NPs were found to be 702.38 h−1, 32.48 kJ/mol. • The reusability of Pt@Ag NPs was determined to have an efficiency of 85%. • The rate of produced H 2 depending on the catalyst-substrate-temperature parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The community of electrochemical CO 2 reduction is almost exclusively focused on gaseous CO 2 -fed electrolyzers. Here, we proposed a pressurized C O 2 - C aptured solution electrolyzer to produce solar F uel of CO (abbreviated "CCF") without the need to regenerate gaseous CO 2. Specifically, we developed an experimentally validated multiscale model to quantitatively investigate the effect of pressure-induced chemical environment and to resolve the complex relationship between this effect and the activity and selectivity of CO production. Our results show that the pressure-induced variation of the cathode pH has a negative effect on the hydrogen evolution reaction, whereas the species coverage variation positively affects CO 2 reduction. These effects are more pronounced at pressures below 15 bar (1 bar = 101 kPa). Consequently, a mild increase in the pressure of the CO 2 -captured solution from 1 to 10 bar leads to a dramatic enhancement in selectivity. Using a commercial Ag nanoparticle catalyst, our pressurized CCF prototype achieved CO selectivity higher than 95% at a low cathode potential of −0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), comparable to that under the gaseous CO 2 -fed condition. This enables the demonstration of a solar-to-CO efficiency of 16.8%, superior to any known devices with an aqueous feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are used as antimicrobial agents due to their high-efficiency, broad-spectrum disinfection activity. However, the agglomeration and stability problems caused by excessive release of silver ions (Ag+) have severely restricted their developments. Herein, a novel silver/polyethyleneimine/reduced graphene oxide (Ag/PEI/rGO) antibacterial material featuring good dispersibility and permeability was rationally designed, thus benefiting for the capture of bacteria due to the introducing of highly-cationic PEI modifier and controllable release of biocidal agents (Ag+). Compared with Ag/rGO, the Ag/PEI/rGO has excellent stability and shows a more efficient sterilization efficacy against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with 100% germicidal efficiency with low orders of dozens of ppm. In addition, the outstanding biocompatibility of this Ag/PEI/rGO antibacterial material endows it with promising potential in sterilization applications, which is expected to solve the infection problem caused by bacterial biofilm formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solar energy conversion through the photocatalyst for the pollutant degradation is important effort for development of the visible light photocatalysts for the practical application in various filed. In this work, elemental semiconductor red phosphorus/ZnO nanohybrid (Z-Rp) through simple, cost-effective, and sustainable ball milling approach and further studied its visible light driven-photocatalytic activity towards the pollutant degradation under visible irradiation. The prepared Z-Rp were characterized by the various stereoscopic and microscopic technique which shows improvement of the structural, optical, and physical properties of the zinc oxide after addition of the elemental red phosphorous. The Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and valence band spectra shows the shifting of the energy band towards the visible light region after incorporating of the red phosphorus which are father supported by the visible light degradation process. The optimized Z-Rp nanohybrids displayed the excellent visible light driven photocatalytic activity toward the methyl orange dye degradation as compared to the bare materials, which further prove the optimal reaction parameter could effectively enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. This easy fabrication process and inexpensive earth abundant Rp compared to the silver and gold-based plasmonic metal, which are also used to enhance the photocatalytic performance of the metal oxide nanoparticles, can be a good and sustainable approach for the solar energy conversion for various application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were biologically synthesised using the seaweed Azolla pinnata. • Azolla pinnata synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD analysis and results supported the confirmation of Ag NPs. • Larvicidal activity of Azolla pinnata Ag NPs was evaluated against the fourth instar larvae Culex quinquefasciatus and exhibit high bioactivity on mosquito larvae. • Green synthesized Ag NPs shows less toxic to non-target organisms. Vector control is a significant component of interventions to control mosquito-borne diseases. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesised using the seaweed Azolla pinnata to evaluate larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus. The biosynthesis of Ag NPs using Azolla pinnata extract was confirmed by the visible change in colour of the reaction mixture from light green to brown. UV–Vis spectra analysis showed that absorbence peaks at around 254 nm due to the surface Plasmon resonance of the silver nanoparticles. The analytical studies of SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD analysis results supported the confirmation of Ag NPs. Synthesized Ag NPs were assessed for the mortality rate of Culex quinquefasciatus. Based on LC 50 and LC 90 analysis, 4.287μl/ml of Ag NP is required to kill 50% of the larvae, whereas 10.795μl/ml is necessary to kill 90% of the larvae. Moreover, the synthesised Ag NPs exhibit high bioactivity on mosquito larvae and can thus be utilised as a biological control agent to control mosquito populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, and in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of methanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum L ( C. sativum ) aerial parts were investigated in this study. In addition, the green synthesized silver nanoparticles by using the C. sativum extract were characterized by scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, UV–visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of crude extract revealed that kaempferol, quercetin, flavone, vanillic acid, p-coumarinic acid, apigenin, elemol, p-cymene, and heptanol represent major components. The synthesis of nano-formulated silver nanoparticles (silver NPs) was confirmed by a change in the color of the solution from yellow to dark brown and by UV-visible spectroscopy with a peak detected at 460 nm that is related to the surface Plasmon reference of silver NPs. Furthermore, the morphological analysis of silver NPs by SEM revealed predominately spherical particles with a smooth surface. DLS analysis indicated that silver NPs have been well dispersed, close compact and with average diameter of 176.78 nm. The in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities were tested by using the carrageenan-induced edema model and formalin test, respectively. The results showed a potential anti-inflammatory activity after carrageenan injection compared to the Piroxicam (6.0 mm), for silver NPs (7.32 mm) and plant extract (8.25 mm). In contrast, topically administered preparation gel on the first and second phase of formalin-induced edema in rats, showed a considerable percentage of antinociceptive activity for silver NPs (72.8%) and plant extract (29.3%) when compared to the control methyl salicylate (88%). The antibacterial activity of the extract against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was tested by using Disc diffusion method and results indicated that silver NPs caused remarkably higher zone of inhibition from that of the plant extract on S. aureus, M. luteus, B. subtilis , and E. coli. Therefore, the silver NPs of the methanolic extract of C. sativum have promising anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antibacterial activities that are attributed to the bioactive compounds of the extract. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel method of waste plastics conversion to a matrix for metal NPs was proposed. • Waste PET was converted to a hydrogel matrix for the synthesis of Au and Ag NPs. • Hydrogel plays a dual role of reductant and matrix for Au or Ag NPs growth. • Application of the hybrid hydrogel as a catalyst was demonstrated. • Hybrid hydrogel with NPs shows high reusability after four catalytic reactions. The progressive accumulation of discarded plastic in the environment demands further development of waste management of plastic waste and conversion technologies of such waste to value-added materials. Recently, the conversion of plastic waste to functional materials via chemical recycling has attracted considerable attention. In this report, plastic waste (PET) was utilized for the preparation of a hydrogel-based catalyst via a cross-linking reaction of PET-derived oligo(terephthalamide)s followed by the electroless metallization. The polymeric matrix of PET-derived hydrogel plays multiple roles of (i) an adsorption media for noble metal ions such as Au3+ and Ag+, (ii) a reducing agent of Au3+ and Ag+ ions to Au0 and Ag0, and (iii) a matrix for the controlled growth of Au and Ag nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs). The obtained hybrid hydrogels after metallization contained well-dispersed AuNPs and AgNPs of 6.1 ± 3.7 nm or 6.1 ± 1.4 nm size, respectively. The catalytic activities of the hybrid hydrogels with metal nanoparticles were studied in a model system of p -nitrophenol reduction in an aqueous solution. The hybrid materials of both Au@hydrogel and Ag@hydrogel were catalytically active for the reduction of p -nitrophenol, obeying the first-order kinetics. Importantly, the AuNPs or AgNPs in the hydrogel matrix preserved the original catalytic activity after multiple p -nitrophenol reduction reactions, showing a promising reusability of the catalysts. The proposed here approach aims to broaden the scope of conversion routes of plastic waste to value-added materials as well as to develop new types of polymeric matrices for templating and growth of metal nanoparticles for catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ag-D201 nanocomposites have been synthesized through in situ reduction method. • Ag-D201 exhibited great adsorption capacity and high selectivity for I− removal. • Adsorption by Ag-D201 was boosted in acidic solution under the catalysis of AgNPs. • The maximum adsorption capacity of Ag-D201 was 802 mg/g for I− at pH 2. • The adsorption mechanism was a synergistic effect of physical and chemical process. The removal of iodide (I−) from source waters is an effective strategy to minimize the formation of iodinated disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are more toxic than their brominated and chlorinated analogues. In this work, a nanocomposite Ag-D201 was synthesized by multiple in situ reduction of Ag-complex in D201 polymer matrix, to achieve highly efficient removal of iodide from water. Scanning electron microscope /energy dispersive spectrometer characterization showed that uniform cubic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) evenly dispersed in the D201 pores. The equilibrium isotherms data for iodide adsorption onto Ag-D201 was well fitted with Langmuir isotherm with the adsorption capacity of 533 mg/g at neutral pH. The adsorption capacity of Ag-D201 increased with the decrease of pH in acidic aqueous solution, and reached the maximum value of 802 mg/g at pH 2. This was attributed to the oxidization of I−, by dissolved oxygen under the catalysis of AgNPs, to I 2 which was finally adsorbed as AgI 3. However, the aqueous solutions at pH 7 – 11 could hardly affect the iodide adsorption. The adsorption of I− was barely affected by real water matrixes such as competitive anions (SO 4 2−, NO 3 −, HCO 3 −, Cl−) and natural organic matter, of which interference of NOM was offset by the presence of Ca2+. The proposed synergistic mechanism for the excellent performance of iodide adsorption by the absorbent was ascribed to the Donnan membrane effect caused by the D201 resin, the chemisorption of I− by AgNPs, and the catalytic effect of AgNPs. Graphical Abstract [Display omitted]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hyophorbe lagenicaulis Aerial parts (Arecaceae). • In vitro cytotoxicity (PC-3, HepG-2, HCT-116, and MCF-7). • Green-synthetized silver nanoparticles. • Metabolomics study. • Network pharmaology study. Even though Hyophorbe lagenicaulis plays a significant role in traditional medicine, there is little scientific data to support its biological activity or the distribution of its phytochemicals. As a result, the current study investigates for the first time the cytotoxic potential of the unstudied H. lagenicaulis aerial parts and their greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles of the total ethanolic extract (TEEHL-based SNPs). Additionally, metabolic profiling of TEEHL resulted in 24 annotated compounds, mainly flavonoids. Biologically synthesized nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have significant potential in the field of biopharmaceutics due to their smaller size entailing high surface area and synergistic effects of embedded biomolecules. In the present work the cytotoxic effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was studied by MTT assay against four different cell lines: Human colon carcinoma (HCT-116), breast cancer cells (MCF-7), liver carcinoma (HepG-2), and Human prostate carcinoma (PC-3) showed significant cytotoxic activity with IC 50 values 0.54, 0.95, 8.78, and 2.03 μg/mL, respectively compared to that of standard staurosporine. The superior activity of the silver nanoparticles may be due to the spherical shape and smaller particle size 11-16 nm as confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. The data obtained in the study reveal the potent therapeutic value of biogenic silver nanoparticles and the scope for further development of anticancer drugs. A network pharmacolgy study was performed for the identified flavonoids, where several networks were constructed (plant-flavonoids, flavonoids-genes, genes-colorectal cancers). The formed (flavonoids-genes network) consisted of 162 nodes and 276 edges, the genes, genes-colorectal cancers network found out that EGFR, PTGS2 and KIT are the most annotated genes to different types of colorectal cancers. The gene enrichment analysis defined the metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as the top KEGG biological pathways targeted by the annotated genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• African plant-mediated for biosynthesis silver nanoparticles. • IC 50 dose was determined by XTT analysis using MCF-7 cell line was found to be about 15 µg/mL. • Iasarifolia -mediated biosynthesis AgNPs indicated strong antibacterial activity. Nanoparticles with different types, sizes, shapes and surface chemical properties can have different biological and biomedical applications. This study aims to investigate the effect of silver synthesized by Ipomoea asarifolia (native Africa plant) extract on cancer and bacteria cells. The characteristics of synthesized silver nanoparticles were determined using UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, the effect of synthesized silver nanoparticles on the viability of cancer cells and inhibitory concentration (IC 50) was calculated. The results show silver nanoparticles have the maximum UV-visible absorption at the wavelength of about 423 nm. The TEM image showed that the silver nanoparticles are spherical with an average size of 31 nm. The results of FTIR analysis suggest that flavonoids, proteins, and phenols may be responsible for ion reduction. The results of the cell toxicity test showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles decreased the proliferation of cancer cells, and the IC 50 was determined about 15 µg/mL. Therefore, silver nanoparticles synthesized by the extract can reduce the proliferation of cancer cells and can be considered a promising strategy in cancer treatment. The results of the antibacterial test showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles decreased the growth of bacterial cells, and the IC 50 was determined 1 µg/mL. Therefore, silver nanoparticles synthesized by the extract can reduce the proliferation of cancer and bacterial cells and can be considered a promising strategy in cancer and infection treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are affected by various parameters, making optimisation of their synthesis a laborious task. This optimisation is facilitated in this work by concurrent use of a T-junction microfluidic system and machine learning approach. The AgNPs are synthesized by reducing silver nitrate with tannic acid in the presence of trisodium citrate, which has a dual role in the reaction as reducing and stabilizing agent. The study uses a decision tree-guided design of experiment method for the size of AgNPs. The developed approach uses kinetic nucleation and growth constants derived from an independent set of experiments to account for chemistry of synthesis, the Reynolds number and the ratio of Dean number to Reynolds number to reveal effect of hydrodynamics and mixing within device and storage temperature to account for particle stability after collection. The obtained model was used to define a parameter space for additional experiments carried out to improve the model further. The numerical results illustrate that well-designed experiments can contribute more effectively to the development of different machine learning models (decision tree, random forest and XGBoost) as opposed to randomly added experiments. [Display omitted] • Decision tree guided synthesis is an effective strategy to design experiments. • Three models were used to test the performance of each area of parametric space. • The proposed method allowed the use of kinetics to predict the size of AgNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]