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This article discusses the research question What are the conditions for academic learning for students receiving special education in years 5–10? These have been examined by studying the surface structure and certain elements in the deeper structure of both special education and general education. The data consists of video observations of 8 individual students who have been granted special education. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, we have found that the surface structures of both special education and general education are nearly identical. For the most part the instruction is teacher-controlled, the students receiving special education get more teacher support in special education than in general education and they cooperate to a very small degree with other students in both types of education. All in all, the students involved in special education appear to be offered the best conditions for learning in special education. Possible explanations and implications are discussed.

Øget konkurrence har gjort, at detailhandlerne og serviceindustrien for atudvide kundegruppen i stigende grad fokuserer på at forbedre kundernesoplevelser og skabe nye aktiviteter. I den proces vokser og udvikles nyetyper af turismeaktiviteter ud af andre erhverv, eksempelvis detailhandlen og serviceindustrien. Udviklingen understøttes af forbruger-interessefællesskaber. På denne baggrund undersøger dette kapitel, hvordanen co-design-tilgang kan hjælpe detailhandlen med at udvikle nye typeraf forbruger-interessefællesskaber og hermed understøtte øget turisme.Forskningen i dette kapitel beskriver (1) arketypiske forbruger-interessefællesskabsformer, (2) typer af grundlag for forbruger-interessefællesskaber, (3) elementer som definerer forbrugeres forhold til forbruger-interesseaktiviteter, og (4) typer af forbruger-interesseinitierede aktiviteter.Kapitlet bygger på en portefølje af casestudier af detail- og servicevirksomheder i Danmark. Konkret undersøges udviklingen af forbrugerbaserede interessefællesskaber gennem et casestudie af et dykkercenter medtilhørende detail- og servicebutik.

Artikkelen tek utgangspunkt i negative erfaringar med reformer i skulen. Konsekvensen av innstillingane fra Ludvigsenutvalet er venta a verte ei ny stor reform i grunnskulen. Endring av skulen blir sa diskutert dels ut fra kva som er utfordringane i norsk skule, og kva endringserfaringar ein har i norsk skule. Diskusjonen om innhaldet i skulen i framtida rorer i liten grad ved at han ikkje fungerer sosialt rettferdig, at det er manglande kvalitet pa laeringsmiljoet og det er svak realisering av ein inkluderande skule for mange elevar. Siste del av artikkelen tek opp sporsmal kring kva som skal til for a skape endring i skulen, med referansar til Ludvigsenutvalet. Konklusjonen er at om ein skal forme ut framtidsskulen, ma dei ulike elementa som gjeld verksemda der sjaast i samanheng. ABSTRACT English title: An Equitable School in the Future? The article deals with The Ludvigsen committee’s suggestions for future changes in school. The Norwegian Government appointed this committee in 2013 to assess primary and secondary education subjects in terms of the competence society and working life will need in the future. The committee’s recommendations do not specifically refer to the group of students in need of special support and being in danger of marginalization in school. However, some of the proposals could improve school’s function for them. The first part of the article is about what consequences some of the recommendations could have for these students in school. The elements discussed are emphasize on depth learning, increased flexibility in distribution of subjects and teaching hours and a broad perspective on what student competences school should be responsible for. How these changes will function for the students depends upon the implementation. Part two of the article therefore deals with what to consider making the recommendations a chance to succeed. The main points are to build on professional ground, to understand the complexity of the challenges and to make institutions responsible, not only individuals.

Bad og personlig hygiejne udgør mere end en tredjedel af en gennemsnitsdanskers vandforbrug. Verdensmål SDG6 ”Rent vand og sanitet” forslår et optimeret vandforbrug samt en væsentlig forøgelse af gengenanvendelse. Vores undersøgelser af den mikrobielle brusebadsvandskvalitet med og uden tilstedeværelse af sæbe viser koncentrationsniveauer af udvalgte mikrobiologiske parametre. Filtrering samt UV-behandling er typiske behandlingsteknologier til recirkulation af brusebadsvand. Disse findes i nye brusebadssystemer, der opsamler vand fra gulvet, renser og genanvender det, mens man tager brusebadet. Vi har undersøgt potentialet for genanvendelse ved analyse af den mikrobielle vandkvalitet efter anvendelse af forskellige renseteknologier. Desuden har der været fokus på at undersøge forskellige parametres indflydelse på bakterielle koncentrationer og rensningseffektiviteten.

Bad og personlig hygiejne udgør mere end en tredjedel af en gennemsnitsdanskers vandforbrug. Verdensmål SDG6 ”Rent vand og sanitet” forslår et optimeret vandforbrug samt en væsentlig forøgelse afgengenanvendelse. Vores undersøgelser af den mikrobielle brusebadsvandskvalitet med og uden tilstedeværelse af sæbe viser koncentrationsniveauer af udvalgte mikrobiologiske parametre. Filtrering samt UV-behandling er typiske behandlingsteknologier til recirkulation af brusebadsvand. Disse findes i nye brusebadssystemer, der opsamler vand fra gulvet, renser og genanvender det, mens man tager brusebadet. Vi har undersøgt potentialet for genanvendelse ved analyse af den mikrobielle vandkvalitet efter anvendelse af forskellige renseteknologier. Desuden har der været fokus på aat undersøge forskellige parametresindflydelse på bakterielle koncentrationer og rensningseffektiviteten.

In recent decades, a plethora of books and papers on socially responsible design has emerged. This literature, however, has not led to the implementation of the solutions needed to solve the environmental and social problems faced by the world today. The lack of initiation of more ambitious projects can to a large extent be explained by the uncertainties associated with the effects of these, as well as the desirability of such effects. More specifically, it can be difficult to get support for highly ambitious projects if there is uncertainty (e.g., in the form of disagreements) about their beneficial effects or the fairness of the distribution of sacrifices needed to implement these. To be able to choose a more ambitious path, we need to better understand the uncertainties associated with socially responsible designs and to reconsider the ethical assumptions guiding our choices. This issue is addressed by defining a framework for understanding uncertainties associated with such projects and by arguing for a consequentialist ethics to govern socially responsible design.

Artikkelen tek opp sporsmalet om kva som er typisk for spesialundervisning i hove til ordinaer opplaering. I forskingslitteraturen er det usemje om dette, og om det verkeleg er noko prinsipielt skilje mellom desse i det heile. Datagrunnlaget er observasjonar av elevar i ordinaer opplaering og spesialundervisning. Det viser seg at i spesialundervisninga er laeraratferd og elevatferd ei anna enn ordinaer opplaering. For laerarane heng desse skilnadane naert saman med korleis undervisninga er organisert. For elevane er ulikskapen der ogsa nar ein kontrollerer for organisering. Forskjellane mellom dei to formene for undervisning vert tolka slik at potensialt for laering er storst nar det er spesialundervisning, slik foresetnaden ideelt sett er forventa a vere. Forsking om utbytet av spesialundervisning tyder pa at dette potensialt ikkje kjem til sin rett, og at elevane ikkje far utteljing for dei gode vilkara. Det blir fort ein diskusjon om kva som kan vere forklaringa pa det. Omrade som er drofta er organisering, relasjon til medelevar, aktivitetsformer og kvaliteten pa opplaeringa. ABSTRACT English title: Special Education and Regular Education The article deals with the likenesses and differences between ordinary and special education in the teaching of students with disabilities and learning difficulties. The research question is about what is special with special education. To identify the signature of special education is another formulation of the same intent. Recent research disagree about this issue and if there are fundamental differences between ordinary and special education. Data presented here comes from observations of identical students in ordinary and special education in Norway. Special education appears as different from ordinary education. Most characteristic are the segregation of students, more frequent student activity and an extensive individualization of students’ activity. The differences indicate a higher potential for learning in special education compared to ordinary education. This is also the ideal intention behind special education.

Udvaskning af kvælstof, ammoniakfordampning og vejret er nogle af de største udfordringer i økologisk vineproduktion. Forsøg med indretning af udearealer til slagtesvin og plantning af træer kan muligvis forbedre dyrevelfærden og reducere miljøbelastningen.

This thesis examines the governmentalization of robustness and resilience in three Danish municipalities and the relation of this robustness and resilience governing to neoliberalism. The thesis performs a governmentality analysis of robustness and resilience strategies in the municipalities of Gentofte, Ikast-Brande and Vejle. Key strategic documents are supplemented with interviews with key persons in each municipality in order to strengthen the empirical knowledge of the analysis. The analysis finds that the robustness and resilience regime of governing constitute an immaterial governing of risk. The thesis then discusses whether this governing is neoliberal in its characteristics. On a verbal level this regime does not fit neoliberal characteristics. However if one examines the robustness and resilience regime as effectuating a pedagogy and also studies the regimes’ objects of improvement, then the ‘answer’ is more ambiguous. The regime also contributes to producing new forms of truths about the human being.

Definitions of ethical fashion have a strong focus on the responsibility of the providers and the consumers of unethical fashion items. This paper argues that such understandings of the problems and solutions ignore important aspects. To provide a clearer picture of the situation, this paper identifies the relevant actors and their mutual influences.

I dette projekt undersøges den danske debat om lighed og ulighed. Der konstrueres tre positioner i denne debat. Henholdsvis højre- og venstrefløjen, samt centrum-venstre. Konstruktionen støtter sig op af en række argumenter, der ytres inden for hver af de tre positioner. I projektets teoridel spørges der til lighed af hvad? Hvad er det, der retfærdigvis skal udlignes? Gerald Cohen sondrer mellem velfærd-, ressource- og mulighedslighed. Disse egalitaristiske positioner er sårbare overfor en række indvendinger, hvilket Cohens foretrukne position lige adgang til fordele ikke er. Med Robert Nozick rettighedsteori og selvejerskabstese rummer teoridelen også et ikke-egalitaristisk bud på fordelingsretfærdighed. I diskussion integreres debatpositioner og teorien. Der diskuteres hvilken moralsk værdi de tre positioner tillægger lighed og hvordan samme positioner kan argumentere – via Cohen og Nozicks argumentation – for at ligheder og uligheder er enten retfærdige eller uretfærdige. Projektet konkluderer, at Centrum-venstre er skyldige i en manglende præcisering af den mest tungtvejende af velstand eller lighed. Endvidere konkluderes det at ingen fordelingsretfærdighedsbuddene er uden fejl og mangler. Ligesom venstrefløjen heller ikke er det. Og endelig at højrefløjen må anerkende uheld som en moralsk relevant faktor og at omfordeling muligvis er det bedste middel til at sikre at folk kan udnytte deres talenter og flid.

PurposeA literature review revealed that none of the few longitudinal studies of enterprise content management (ECM) implementations focus on small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). To contribute to this area, the purpose of this paper is to generate insights in relation to how SMEs can successfully promote implementation of ECM solutions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents and analyses a longitudinal study of an ECM project.FindingsThe findings of the paper include a definition of a process model for ECM implementation in SMEs, identification of ten success factors related to ECM system implementation, and a definition of a new pattern for ECM technology development, compared to existing case studies.Research limitations/implicationsSince it appears to be the first detailed study of ECM system implementation in SMEs, this paper provides a point of departure for future research in the use of ECM technology in SMEs.Practical implicationsPractitioners in SMEs preparing to engage in ECM projects may utilize the findings of the paper in relation to managing the implementation process and understanding various benefits that ECM systems can produce.Originality/valueThe paper represents a contribution to the sparse literature on ECM implementation. In fact, the case seems to be the first longitudinal study of ECM implementation in SMEs.