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During the process of domestication and selection reduction of genetic diversity of cultivated crops occurred. Currently the main interest of breeders is to transfer some of crop wild relatives’ genes to cultivated crops. Those genes of interest are related e.g. with desease and pest resistance or drought resistance. Hybridization of wild and cultivated species is prevented by reproductive isolation. The frequent phonomenon in hybrids is called nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility, which is manifested by reduced fertility, sterility or lethality. In this phenomenon occurs conflict between nuclear-encoded genes with genes encoded in the organellar genomes. The identified accD candidate gene responsible for nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility in pea is highly variable due to insertions and deletions. High variability of the accD gene was also confirmed in the genera Lathyrus and Vicia. Variability was observed in gene sequence lenghts caused by presence of indels and single nucleotide polymorphisms. In comparative analysis with other regions of cpDNA commonly used in phylogenetics, the region of the accD gene had the highest value of parsimonially informative sites. The phylogeny derived from the region of the accD gene corresponds to the phylogeny based on combined chloroplast markers, therefore the accD gene may be suitable for this type of analysis.

The topic of this work was studied genetic diversity and phylogeny of selected wild species Lathyrus neurolobus Boiss. & Heldr., which is closely related to cultivated pea, using modern methods of molecular phylogenetics. Genotypes of L. neurolobus were obtained from Department of Botany at Palacký University in Olomouc, genomic DNA was isolated of these genotypes and samples were subjected to analysis using SSR and iPBS markers. It was found that for assessment of genetic diversity is suitable method of iPBS markers, where the average value of polymorphic information content is very high (PIC=0,928). According to evaluated markers polymorphism and assembled dendrograms was found that for search of relationship between place of origin and placement in dendrogram, will be appropriate the method of SSR markers, but only in case of selection informative markers. There was also confirmed transferability of SSR markers designed for pea to wild species of another genus.