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This article has been written in response to Alexander Maxwell’s paper published in this issue of the Historický časopis. Based on an in-depth reading of Ludevít Štúr’s Nárečja slovenskuo alebo potreba písaňja v tomto nárečí, it is here demonstrated that the author of the mentioned paper creates an erroneous interpretation of Štúr’s term nárečja, when equating it with the modern term dialect or nárečie. What present-day linguists call dialect was by Štúr unambiguously denoted as rozličnorečja. Moreover, it is evident from Štúr’s Nárečja slovenskuo that Štúr cannot be regarded exlusively as a Pan-Slav (in the sense of an advocate of the All-Slav idea), since at the same time he was not only a Slovak patriot, but also a Pan-Humanist.

This review article focuses on Jewish insurgency under the British mandate for Palestine from 1939 to 1948. The Jewish guerrilla campaign represents a successful case study in the field of the research on small wars and insurgency, proxy wars. The authors analyze the early phase of the British Mandate in 1918-1939, referred to as the prelude to the subsequent Jewish uprising; a period when Jewish paramilitary groups including the Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi emerged and developed, emphasizing their ideological underpinnings, operational and tactical strategies of warfare, and the material capacities that these organizations possessed. The authors primarily emphasize the period from the initiation of the White Paper in 1939 until the establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948. British restrictions on Jewish immigration and the beginning of the Second World War stimulated the Jewish forces to a massive terrorist campaign against the British resulting in an unprecedented Zionist victory.

The paper deals with the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the crepe paper and chickpaper. The thickness of crepe paper was 300 m with the surface mass 150 g*m-2 and chickpaper paper thickness was 100 m with the surface mass 40 g*m-2. Crepe paper and chickpaper are usually used for chicken breeding. Longitudinal and transversal tensile properties were studied. The tensile behavior was monitored on the motorized test stand ANDILOG STENTOR 1000 (Andilog Technologies, Vitrolles, France).There were measured the tensile properties as modulus of elasticity, maximal elongation, maximal tensile force, tensile strengths, tensile index and strain at break of the longitudinal and transversal samples by testing paper strips. Mean values of the maximal elongation b of longitudinal chickpaper samples were three times smaller than maximal elongation of transversal samples. Mean values of maximal tensile force Ft, tensile strength btensile indexwand maximal strain at break T of longitudinal chickpaper samples were two times smaller than maximal quantities of transversal samples. Mean values of the tensile modulus of elasticity of longitudinal and transversal chickpaper samples were almost equal. Chickpaper mechanical properties in tension were different in the longitudinal and transversal direction of the original paper surface. Mean values of the maximal elongation b and maximal strain at break T of longitudinal crepe paper samples were sixty times smaller than maximal elongation and maximal strain at break of transversal samples. Mean values of maximal tensile force Ft, tensile strength bandtensile indexwof longitudinal crepe paper samples were fourth times smaller than maximal quantities of transversal samples. Mean values of the tensile modulus of elasticity of longitudinal samples of crepe paper were thirty eight times smaller than values of transversal samples.

Although the US Constitution introduced a republican state system, there is no specific definition of the republic there. The US Constitution is deliberately short document. Its authors wanted to create a charter that would survive throughout times and conditions. However, given the briefness of the Constitution, they felt the need to explain and defend the ideas that had been advocated in it. Thus, The Federalist still serves as the primary source of interpretation of the US Constitution. It is therefore my intention to examine the meaning of republicanism in The Federalist. Although I speak of the republican teaching of The Federalist, there is, in fact, an ambiguity in the use of the word in those essays. This ambiguity reflects an ambiguity in the general use of the word in the political theory and discourse of the 18th century. However, more fundamental problem seems to be the so-called Madison’s “two definitions” of republic from Federalist No. 37 and No. 39. Both of these essays were written by James Madison. I agree that there is a fundamental difference between these two definitions. I do not, however, believe that it reflects inconsistency in Madison’s thinking. I will argue that these “two definitions” reflect Madison’s strategy to introduce a new definition of the republic. Thus, in The Federalist, there are two uses of the word republic: 1) its putative meaning in America, the meaning which was embodied in most of the state constitutions and which is the Anti-Federalist understanding of republicanism; and 2) The Federalist’s understanding of what constitutes republicanism. This second use is a new republicanism and represents a significant break on certain crucial points from the then dominant American understanding.

The conducted study has shown problems with electronic documents already in the moment of their accession, as well as arrangement and description, storage and providing access to them in the archive. It turned out that, unfortunately, electronic documents are treated only as an addition to paper versions of materials. The study uses method of document analysis (including electronic document), as well as a survey – a questionnaire. The object of the study was a private papers of Professor Stanisław Gorgolewski.

This article aims to assess the fulfilment of goals of the White Paper on Defense in the areas of financing of the French Armed Forces and modernization of their equipment under the presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy. Three indicators for this assessment are defined: the military budget of the French Armed Forces, the acquisition of modern weapon systems and assorted equipment, and extraordinary revenues and expenses of the French defense budget. The article comes to the conclusion that almost from the beginning there were serious difficulties in attaining the projected goals of the White Paper on Defense. In addition, it is concluded that we can expect a reduction of original goals in the course of the ongoing revision of the White Paper on Defense.

Although the cultural life of Slovak communities found in the territory of Hungarian Lower land quite long lacked a direct contact with dramatic culture, at the turn of the 1910s theatre and dramatic art were already an integral part of Slovak-language culture in Vojvodina. Theoretical reflection on modern dramatic art developed, too, which can be proven by two articles published in Národnie noviny in 1914. Both of the authors had more or less direct links with the Slovak-language Lower-land enviroment. Vladimír Hurban Vladimírov (1884 – 1950) from Stará Pazova, nowadays regarded as the most significant Lower-land playwright, focused in his lecture O dramatickom umení (On Dramatic Art, Národnie noviny, 18 July 1914) on the basic principles of dramatic art being applied from the earliest times to present, which he had derived from contemporary German theatre studies. His paper received an immediate response from Ivan Lilge-Lysecký (1886 - 1918), working in Báčki Petrovac for some time, whose article Dramatické umenie (Dramatic art, Národnie noviny, 30 July 1914, 4 August 1914) was intentionally specialized in modern dramatics – in this respect Lilge was the first Slovak to inform about so-called intimate theatre. Both of the papers show the contemporary - yet unaffected by war - thinking on the form and character of dramatic art, which on the one hand grew against a background of analytically oriented Naturalism and Realism, and, on the other hand, it placed weight on synthetic expression, symbol, stylistic features and a new way of depicting intimacy. At the same time, they demonstrate that modernists´ attempts were not merely poetic and prosaic, but they were also made in the area of drama, moreover they occurred in the most modern form and a close connection with European contemporary tendencies and trends.

The article is critical about the way Kateřina Kubová (2015) analysed and compared the images of (a) Czech cultural underground in the 1970s in the official periodicals of the communist régime, and (b) the freetekno festival CzechTek taking place in the years 2004 and 2005 in Czech newspapers. Objections are made mainly concerning the historical context of (a) and concerning the whole interpretation of (b).

This paper deals with new Transport Supply System. One type of intermodal container built to transport bulk cargo like paper on railway and ship is Stora Enso Cargo Unit. This Unit is too big and heavy to be transported on road, and instead they are transported only by railway and ship. NETTS (North European Transportation and Supply System) is a delivery and transportation system developed by Stora Enso. Its aim is to offer competitive transportation costs to plants operating in northern Finland, to increase the frequency of shipping as well as to improve customer service, minimise damage and develop shipment tracking. The multimodal transport system essentially integrates the Swedish railways with North Sea traffic for the supply of paper and board products from Sweden and Finland to Europe.

Introduction: The electronic health record (EHR) is a computerized health information system where provider record detailed encounter information such as patient demographics, encounter summaries, medical history allergies, intolerances, and lab test histories [9]. The EHR will be used in future diagnostic and treatment decision making. The decision is always taken by a physician or dentist. Medical documentation contains information about treatment, communication with insurance service system and statistical data evaluation. The EHR may support and improve future diagnostics and therapy in general. The data can be used in statistics and other scientific purposes. Aim: The aim of study is to verify the simplicity of data process implementation and time of data storing for modification of classical paper WHO dental card, lifetime dental EHR controlled by keyboard and lifetime dental EHR controlled by voice. Methods: All three methods were applied on 126 patients. The dental status of patients was examined and the data recorded in classical way into the paper WHO dental card. The same person recorded all data to lifetime dental EHR using keyboard and using voice. Then we compared the time, which was needed for recording the data using these three methods.Using Friedaman test we found very significant differences in time of recording among three methods (p

Due to the rapid expansion of irrigated agriculture, effi cient use of the limited water resources in arid and semi-arid regions is becoming more and more vital. However, water salinity is a major problem due to its negative infl uence on the yields of many crops. It reduces citrus trees’ growth and causes physiological disorders. Primarily salt-stress lowers net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and water potential of citrus tree leaves, in addition to accumulation of excessive concentration of Chloride or Sodium in leaves. A great deal of research indicates that citrus have the genetic potential to be salt-sensitive; however inheritance studies in citrus are scarce. In this paper the adverse of effects of salinity on physiological aspects of citrus are reviewed. The review summarizes the prevailing state of knowledge about the responses and tolerance of citrus trees to salinity.

Competences have been identified as legitimate educational goals wherever it is not only knowledge that counts in learning (and educators are concerned with not only the cognitive domain in their teaching). There is an ongoing discussion on “key competences for all” identified by the European Parliament as a necessary prerequisite for personal fulfilment, active citizenship, social cohesion and employability in a knowledge society (cf. EP, 2006). Also in the field of EE and ESD, there have been attempts to find appropriate operationalisation of action-oriented, learner-centred, and socially and environmentally responsible educational strategies which would help to realize a transition of the whole education system towards sustainability. Competences appear to be an appropriate concept providing an opportunity especially for a change of traditional teaching/learning practices and proper assessment of these innovations at the level of the student, educational module or programme, and also the policy level – they might be specifically designed for different disciplinary and cultural contexts and easily adjusted for all ISCED levels. As a proper tool for setting transformative educational goals and reflection of the prerequisites/outcomes of the relevant learning processes, they have been stressed in prominent ESD policy documents (UNECE, 2011, 2013), in theoretical discussions (Wiek et al.,2011) as well as in practice (growing knowledge base of case studies in relevant journals). We encourage concerned experts to enrich this debate and contribute to the pool of knowledge by providing results of their original research and share their experience with practical implementation of the concept – and submit their work for the thematic issue of Envigogika. We accept articles in the category of research papers and case studies; moreover, there is a possibility to provide multimedia presentations of existing learning programmes and other activities. The deadline for submission of the manuscripts is 15 September 2014; the thematic issue will appear after the review process by the end of the year. The theme of the Envigogika issue is closely related to the international COPERNICUS Alliance Conference to be held on 3 October 2014 the outcomes of which are expected to be one of the main contributions to the UNESCO Decade for ESD (2005‑2014), ending this year. Conference-related themes cover curricular aspects of university education; thus they provide an opportunity to reflect ESD-oriented higher education in all disciplinary fields from the perspective of the educator and his/her professional development. Articles related to the themes of the Conference can be presented in parallel sessions as part of the afternoon programme (see here) if they are submitted in the form of abstracts through the registration system on the conference website by 15th July 2014. Other competence-related themes may be submitted for the special issue of Envigogika as well. Authors are warmly welcome to attend the COPERNICUS Alliance Conference to meet top European experts in the field and discuss issues of common interest. The Conference is closely associated with the UE4SD project which links the competence theme with professional development of university educators in the field of ESD. In the project, 55 partners from 33 countries are represented, the majority of which are expected to attend the Conference as it is a constitutive part of their cooperation. Four regions (East, West, North and South) are evenly covered by the partners’ consortium and thus the Conference will be a unique opportunity to also make links with these regional networks. Authors from the Czech Republic and its neighbours are therefore especially encouraged to consider their involvement in the Conference programme as the transition towards sustainability is an issue to be highlighted in this part of the world. References• EP, (2006). Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 on key competences for lifelong learning. European Reference Framework in the EC. Official Journal L 394 of 30.12.2006. [online] [cit 2014-05-12] available from http://www.cmepius.si/files/cmepius/userfiles/grundtvig/gradivo/key_competencies_2006_en.pdf (see also http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/education_training_youth/lifelong_learning/c11090_en.htm ). • UN ECE (2011). Learning for the future: Competences in Education for Sustainable Development. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Steering Committee on Education for Sustainable Development. Retrieved from http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/esd/ESD_Publications/Competences_Publication.pdf • UN ECE (2013). Empowering educators for a sustainable future: Tools for policy and practice workshops on education for sustainable development Competences. Geneva: , United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Steering Committee on Education for Sustainable Development. Retrieved from http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/esd/8thMeetSC/ece.cep.ac.13.2013.4e.pdf • Wiek, A., Withycombe, L., & Redman, C. L. (2011). Key competencies in sustainability: a reference framework for academic program development. Sustain Sci, 6(2), 203-218. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11625-011-0132-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-011-0132-6

Within the research project itself, the detailed literature review focusing on global research projects together with those available at the PortEconomics academics initiative will be supplemented with local and regional information and research sources. The research key objective is to assess factors that could help mitigate bottlenecks within CEE logistics platforms and the Czech Republic in particular.

Copyright of Defense & Strategy / Obrana a strategie is the property of Institute for Strategic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The work is focused on approaches to waste paper processing. Waste management is an important component of managerial decision-making in businesses and in the public administration sector. Environmental legislation creates continual pressure on finding new solutions that are both economically advantageous and environmentally friendly. In the context of the EU efforts to restrict the volume of emitted carbon dioxide, it is necessary to look for new solutions to fulfill the established requirements. The article focuses on issues of energy generation from municipal waste paper, a procedure that is also fully applicable in businesses. The work describes waste management legislation and evaluates the results of state regulation. After the analysis, which is made on the basis of evidence that recycling of waste paper does not always represent the best solution in terms of sustainability, a possibility for its energy use is proposed. Two models for the use of waste paper are forwarded -- for the production of thermal energy and for the combined production of thermal and electrical energy. The models are developed separately for the production of thermal energy from waste paper and for the combined production of heat and electricity as proposed in the second model. The theoretical background and proposed models are verified for concrete calculation on the basis of waste management in the city of Decin. Software based on Petri nets was used for model construction; this allows the inclusion of the most relevant material and energy flows associated with energy production from waste paper, guaranteeing the high accuracy of the calculated results. The advantage of the model proposed in this manner is the simple and precise quantification of the environmental and economic impacts of the proposed measures; these are the main reasons for its good utilization as a tool for supporting managerial decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Defense & Strategy / Obrana a strategie is the property of Institute for Strategic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ITlib: Informačné Technológie a Knižnice is the property of Slovak Centre of Scientific-Technical Information (CVTI SR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Carolinae Philologica is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There was published a pamphlet called Aké bude Slovensko o sto rokov? (1920), [What will Slovakia be like in 100 years?] just a century ago. It offered a vision of Slovak national state’s future – the state flourishing with social welfare, scientific and technological progress and moral maturity of citizens. Adaptation of „happy national home“ idea for future, written by engineer Jozef Dohnány (1873 – 1947), carries marks characteristics for utopias. The conference paper approaches to Dohnány’s vision as to a branch of modern dynamic utopic phenomenon, creating a communication space, especially in the 19.th and 20.th century, for expressing desires and ideals, testing possibilities of mental borders and calling for social or political mobilization in favour of achievement realistic, or even unrealistic aims. The paper uses interdisciplinary interpretative approach for analysis of Dohnány vision’s ideological structure, compares it in relation to More’s prototype of utopia and refers to representations of „period’s presence“ in utopic genre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text deals with data mining used in libraries. It focuses on „physical“ libraries as they can use data mining in many processes but chooses its scope opposite to digital libraries where data mining has different variety in usage. This is why papers concerning digital libraries are excluded from this summarizing study. All the papers were selected based on concern with Library and Information Science and were divided into several groups. Most of the studies come from academic environment. Papers from czech and slovak environment are described separately. Time limitation for inclusion of the papers is up to year 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with problems of papers degradation by reason of acidity with reference to the legal duty of libraries to preserve papers funds for the future generations. In lots of efforts to protect its collections, the Moravian library study all the preservative technology including of the mass deacidification technology. The merit of this text is a summarization of project efforts of the Moravian library and the National archives make up the papers protection to deacidification technology in the Czech Republic. The article warms that the acidity of paper research and its conservation depends fully on political environment and the sufficient financial resources. In short there is technique demonstrated that was considered as a purchase for libraries and archives in the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to explore broadsheet newspaper framing and agenda-setting of two events using the five-frame model developed by Semetko and Valkenburg (2000). This article provides insight into how the leading broadsheet newspaper within BiH’s Republika Srpska frames relationships between the three main ethnic groups and is the first such study to occur in BiH. By identifying and exploring the most common frames in Glas Srpske during the five-year period (from 31 December 2015 to 30 December 2020), the research is meant to answer the following research questions: How does Glas Srpske frame the conversation about it and portray the Day of Republika Srpska (RS) and Referendum of the RS Day? The results, which find Attribution of Responsibility and Conflict frames to be the more prevalent in Glas Srpske, illustrate contentious politics that reinforce differences between ethnic groups in BiH. These events and the controversial narrative surrounding them are relevant more than ever in the light of the recent non-paper ‘Western Balkans – A Way Forward’.

Introduction: The electronic health record (EHR) is a computerized health information system where provider record detailed encounter information such as patient demographics, encounter summaries, medical history allergies, intolerances, and lab test histories [9]. The EHR will be used in future diagnostic and treatment decision making. The decision is always taken by a physician or dentist. Medical documentation contains information about treatment, communication with insurance service system and statistical data evaluation. The EHR may support and improve future diagnostics and therapy in general. The data can be used in statistics and other scientific purposes. Aim: The aim of study is to verify the simplicity of data process implementation and time of data storing for modification of classical paper WHO dental card, lifetime dental EHR controlled by keyboard and lifetime dental EHR controlled by voice. Methods: All three methods were applied on 126 patients. The dental status of patients was examined and the data recorded in classical way into the paper WHO dental card. The same person recorded all data to lifetime dental EHR using keyboard and using voice. Then we compared the time, which was needed for recording the data using these three methods. Using Friedaman test we found very significant differences in time of recording among three methods (p<0.001). We can see that the paper WHO dental card was recorded quickly, but its reuse due to missing electronic form is difficult. Times for recording data using keyboard or voice in lifetime dental EHR were not significantly different (Wilcoxon pair test for statistical comparison reached the value p=0.09). Conclusion: The clinical practice demanded to find ways to eliminate the need to touch peripherals like keyboard, mouse and touch screen. Therefore the automatic speech recognition was added to enable dentist to use the software without a single touch. This way we eliminated the need for computer operator and unnecessary hygienic procedures (washing hands, changing gloves etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the complicated relations between medieval towns and the ruling elites in what is now Belgium and the Netherlands. It is illustrated by the uprising that broke out against the local elected bishop John III of Bavaria in Liège and was bloodily suppressed. Even though John succeeded in controlling Liège by force, he abandoned the town and its surrounding area when he was offered a very uncertain possibility of governing elsewhere a few years later. This is thus one of many examples in which there is no proper settlement of relations between the ruler and the town in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jan of Rabštejn († approx. 1450), the father of Chancellor Prokop († probably 1470), the humanist Jan (1437–1473) and three other Rabštejn brothers, is identified in the literature with Ješek Rabštejn, who was a member of the town council in Žatec multiple times between 1402 and 1414. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical examination of this repeatedly stated yet never confirmed hypothesis. The author places the examined matter in the broader context of research on the settlement of the nobility in Bohemian towns in the late Middle Ages, observes the genesis of the current interpretation and, based on an analysis of relevant sources, reaches the conclusion that the nobleman Jan of Rabštejn and the Žatec burgher Ješek Rabštejn were very probably two different people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Czech literary scholar Jiři Levy (1926–1967) has gained international recognition for his great contribution to the general theory of translation and has greatly contributed to the history and theory of translation into the Czech language in his books Uměni překladu (1963; Die literarische Ubersetzung: Theorie einer Kunstgattung, German transl., 1969; The Art of Translation, English transl., 2011) and Česke theorie překladu (1957, Czech Theories of Translation), respectively. His other distinguished research included versology, theatrology and various studies on British and American writers. This paper focuses on two related but less discussed aspects of his oeuvre – his contribution to Czech Anglophone Studies and his early translations of foreign poetry into Czech. It chronologically surveys Levy’s papers in the field of Anglophone Studies and outlines their contribution to Levy’s translatological oeuvre. It also includes their bibliography and a hitherto unpublished tentative bibliography of his Czech translations of poetry with two specimens of his translations.

In this study, we attempt to classify, describe and name individual types of documents used by the district council in Boskovice in written contact with authorities, organizations and private persons in the years 1870–1928. The structure is based on a combination of rank and formality. We then scrutinize the documents across the entire page, and we focus on papers and personal papers used exclusively by the district governor as the head of the office. We also deal with what are formally the simplest communication documents – indorsements. In a separate chapter we discuss the modernization of communication papers at the end of 19th and beginning of the 20th century. The text is supplemented by examples of selected documents in a separate pictorial appendix.

W artykule zaprezentowano informacje o odkrytym w 2015 r. w katedrze gnieźnieńskiej licznym zbiorze dokumentów papierowych z XV i początku XVI w. Jak wskazuje wstępna inwentaryzacja, powstał on w związku z działalnością konsystorza gnieźnieńskiego i składają się na niego m.in. mandaty oficjałów, pisma procesowe pełnomocników stron czy zeznania świadków. Najlepszą analogię do znaleziska stanowią znane z archidiecezji Canterbury i York kolekcje tzw. cause papers. Tekst zamyka edycja sześciu przykładowych dokumentów. The paper presents a large collection of paper documents from the 15th and early 16th centuries, discovered in Gniezno Cathedral in 2015. Initial analysis shows that it originated in connection with the activities of the Gniezno consistory and contains, among other items, mandates of officials, process writings of plenipotentiaries of sides in court cases or testimonies of witnesses. The best analogy for the finding are the collections of so-called cause papers known from the archdioceses of Canterbury and York. The paper ends with editions of six sample documents.

Eugen Bormann, Professor of Ancient History and Epigraphy at the University of Vienna from 1885 to 1914, left a great scientific legacy after his demise. Because of the private correspondence of his widow Auguste with her daughter Emma, we know details about the sale of this legacy. The legacy was bought by the textile industrialist Hugo Ritter Grab von Hermannswörth, who donated it to the German University in Prague. Some of this legacy has not yet been found. But what we have in abundance is Bormann’s correspondence in the archives of Charles University in Prague. This article will not only trace the story of the sale of the ‘Bormann papers’, it will also cast light on a few selected bundles, e.g. gifts for Bormanns 70th birthday, school certificates, letters from Otto Benndorf, Alexander Conze, Michael Rostovtzeff, or Marie von Ebner -Eschenbach. This will show what tremendous treasure slumbers for the biographical research on Eugen Bormann in the Prague archive. The author’s goal is to lift this treasure in the next few years.

The study is based on an analysis of the communication papers of selected manorial nobility administrations, mainly from the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, using four large Moravian estates Třebíč, Uherský Brod, Veveří and Židlochovice as examples. It is concerned with individual types of documents and the form of communication between the particular levels of instance administration.

The life story of writer Karel Pecka (1928-1997) offers a unique glimpse into the history of unofficial literary and book culture in Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1989 as well as into the life of a writer in a totalitarian regime. Pecka's samizdat "Odyssey" started by printing the illegal leaflet magazine Za pravdu in 1949. Back then, he could hardly anticipate how much publishing in unofficial, "parallel" book circulation will define his work in the decades to follow. As a prisoner in the Jáchymov and Příbram labour camps in the 1950s, he continued secretly writing collections of poems, followed by short stories. He was a member of prison samizdat, the most beautiful items of which were reportedly written on cigarette paper. From the early 1960s on, some of his handwritten works were first distributed among selected readers in mimeographed copies due to delays in publication. His brief official writer career was cut short by the invasion of the Warsaw Pact armies to Czechoslovakia in August 1968. This opened the second twenty-year period of Pecka's life marked by the impossibility to publish and attempts at overcoming the barrier. His novel, Štěpení, delivered to Škvorecký in Toronto in handwritten form and subsequently issued by their '68 Publishers publishing house, made Pecka a bona fide samizdat pioneer. The normalisation of 1970s and 1980s spent in the alternative culture environment brought several more publications in exile and samizdat editions (including Motáky nezvěstnému) and a series of texts in the Obsah periodical. Pecka's samizdat life ended with the post-samizdat publication of his prison poems, Rekonstrukce, self-released in 1995, two years before his death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]