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Copyright of Journal of Soil & Water Conservation (1009-2242) is the property of Institute of Soil & Water Conservation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] To explore the differences of vegetation growth characteristics between different plant communities and gully positions. [Methods] The vegetation growth characteristics of 5 typical plant communities were systematically studied in Zhifanggou small watershed of Ansai, Shaanxi Province.The investigated characteristics included species diversity, coverage, aboveground biomass, litter storage and underground biomass. [Results] (1) The above ground biomass, litter storage and root reduction coefficient were significantly affected by vegetation type, tree cutting ditch > shrub cutting ditch > herb cutting ditch, and the coverage was shrub cutting ditch > herb cutting ditch > tree cutting ditch. (2) The species diversity index and coverage of the right side of gully (sunny to semi-sunny slopes) were smaller than those on the left side (shade to semi-shade slopes); (3) Under the comprehensive influence of hydrothermal conditions, there was no obvious difference in vegetation growth characteristics between gully bottom and the original slope; (4) The accumulation of litter on the original slope was greater than that of different positions of gully. [Conclusion] The research results provide data foundation and theoretical support for understanding of the potential effects of vegetation restoration on the development of gully and evaluating the role of vegetation in mitigating gully erosion.

Objective To analyze the spatial relationship between the roots of maxillary anterior premolars and the maxillary sinus, thus providing an anatomical basis for timing, planning, surgical approaches, and implant selection at this site. Methods Cone beam CT (CBCT) images were collected from 264 patients (aged 20-65 years) who visited the Ruihua Dental Clinic between January 2017 and March 2023. The minimum distance from the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was measured on the coronal plane. The classification of the vertical relationship between the tooth root and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was performed, and comparisons were made bilaterally, between genders, and among different age groups. Results The minimum distance (Q50) from the apex of the first maxillary premolar root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was 7.34 mm for the single-root type, 7.80 mm for the buccal root of the double-root type, and 7.36 mm for the palatal root. For the second maxillary premolar, the median distance was 2.56 mm for the single root type, 1.73 mm for the buccal root type, and 1.23 mm for the palatal root type. There was a significant difference in the shortest distance from the apex of the right second maxillary premolar single root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus among the different age groups (PP>0.05). The most common vertical relationship between the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was noncontact. There was no significant difference in the vertical relationship classification between the single-root and double-root types (P>0.05). Conclusion Most maxillary first premolar roots can provide sufficient bone height, which makes it easy to achieve immediate implantation. The maxillary second premolar root frequently involves insufficient bone, which is necessary to make full use of the bone wall of the extraction socket or the sinus floor cortical bone to achieve initial stability. The vertical relationship between the premolar root and maxillary sinus was influenced by age and dental position. Younger age groups often exhibit inadequate bone height, and the indication for immediate implantation should be carefully considered. The number of roots does not significantly affect the relationship between the sinus and root; however, double-rooted premolars offer more support for immediate implantation and socket healing due to the small root diameter and bony separation between the roots.

Humic substances (HS), a natural polymer isomeric mixture, is an important component of terrestrial ecosystem. Its promotion effect on plant growth has been widely studied in recent years. Multiple signaling pathways play an important role in the process of HS promoting plant growth and development. The article summarizes the signaling pathway transduction and crosstalk mechanisms of HS in promoting the growth and development of plant roots and shoots. During the promotion of root growth, HS mainly involves the transduction of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), nitric oxide (NO), abscisic acid (ABA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ signal, and the complex crosstalk between them; During the promotion of shoot growth, HS mainly involves the transmission of cytokinin (CTK) and ABA signaling pathways, and the complex crosstalk occurs between nitrate and CTK signaling pathways. HS regulates plant physiological metabolism through a complex metabolic network, involving multiple complicated signaling pathways and crosstalk processes. Among them, (PM) H+- ATPase is the key node of HS promoting root and shoot growth, and multiple signaling pathways mediate the signal transduction of cascade amplification via (PM) H+- ATPase. NO signal has a complex crosstalk process with multiple signaling pathways that regulate root and shoot growth, and is an important crosstalk signaling molecule involved in the promotion of plant growth by HS. There are other signaling pathways involved in the growth and development of roots and shoots triggered by HS, among which the defense signaling pathways salicylicacid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are regulated by signaling pathways IAA, NO, ABA and CTK. Due to the dispersion, heterogeneity and complexity of biochemical research of HS, the relevant mechanism of the short-term promoting effect of HS on plant growth and the overall action mechanism on plant growth and development during the whole growth stage have not yet been clarified. Therefore, further in-depth analysis is needed to reveal the signal transduction, crossover, crosstalk and integration pathways involved in the growth promotion process, and the complex nutritional and metabolic pathways. The result of our research could provide theoretical basis for studying the action mechanism of HS physiological activity and its application in agricultural production.

Copyright of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases is the property of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The aims of this study are to clarify the anti-scourability difference of three herbaceous root-soil system and its relationship with influencing factors in the loess hilly region of southern Ningxia, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of ecological construction and optimizing the allocation of vegetation in the study area. [Methods] The common herbaceous root-soil system of Thymus mongolicus, Potentilla acaulis and Stipa bungeana were taken as research objects of the study area. The indoor undamaged soil trench scouring tests was carried out. LA-S root sanning analysis system was used to study the anti-scourability of different herbs root-soil system in 0—15 cm soil layer and their relationship with root and soil. [Results] (1) The anti-scourability of three herbaceous root-soil system in 0—15 cm soil layer decreased in the order: Potentilla acaulis (53.7 L·h/g) ＞Thymus mongolicus (36.5 L·h/g) ＞Stipa bungeana (14.2 L·h/g) . Potentilla acaulis root-soil system anti-scourability was the strongest. (2) The average root length density, surface area density, volume density and specific root length of three herbaceous root-soil system in 0—15 cm soil layer were 4.25～10.56 cm/cm³, 42.95～111.51 mm²/cm³, 5.04～17.94 mm³/cm³, 35.06～67.96 m/g, respectively. The root length density and other parameters of Thyme mongolicus were significantly larger than other herbs. ( 3) The organic carbon contents of three herbaceous root soils in 0—15 cm soil layer decreased in the order: Thyme mongolicus (1.437%) ＞Potentilla acaulis (1.290%) ＞Stipa bungeana (0.430%) . The root soil clay content of Thyme mongolicus was 1.14 times and 1.20 times that of Potentilla acaulis and Stipa bungeana. The soil aggregate parameters MWD, GMD, and R＞0.25 of three herbaceous were 13.80～18.23 mm, 7.15～11.11 mm, and 43.06%～70.05%, respectively. All above indicators of Potentilla acaulis was the largest. (4) Root and soil could directly or indirectly, individually or jointly affect anti-scourability of three herbaceous root-soil system. Clay, silt, sand and aggregates of Thyme mongolicus soil directly affected soil anti-scourability, and most of its roots indirectly affected soil anti-scourability by affecting soil mechanical composition and organic carbon content. Soil silt and most fine roots of Potentilla acaulis directly affected soil anti-scourability, and 0～0.5 mm roots, soil clay and sand also indirectly affected anti-scourability by affecting soil aggregates. Soil sand and 0～1.0 mm roots of Stipa bungeana directly affected soil anti-scourability, and its specific fine roots also indirectly affected anti-scourability by affecting soil aggregates and organic carbon content. [Conclusion] There are obvious differences in the anti-scourability of the three kinds of herbaceous root-soil system. Roots and soil can affect their anti-scourability. The anti-scourability of different herbaceous (vegetation) should be considered in the ecological construction in the loess hilly area of southern Ningxia, and the scientific configuration should be carried out on the basis of improving the relevant influencing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] To address the problems of water shortage and water inefficiency in cotton field production in the Alashan region of Inner Mongolia. Trace irrigation was used, and it was proposed to reveal the response mechanisms of cotton growth and development and water use efficiency to field water supply methods under trace irrigation. [Method] The effect of trace irrigation on the vigour and biomass accumulation of cotton roots was investigated in a field plot experiment with different burial depths and water volumes. [Result] Cotton root biomass showed an "S" type curve continuous growth; from the seedling stage to the spatulation stage, cotton root biomass showed an increase trend. The trace irrigation treatments all increased the root vigour of cotton compared with the sub-membrane drip irrigation (CK) treatment. T1 treatment had the highest root vigour, which helped to promote root undergrowth and create a reasonable root structure. [Conclusion] The bud stage and flowering and boll stage are the rapid growth periods of plants, and irrigation water supply is the key to growth water consumption during supporting period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humic substances (HS), a natural polymer isomeric mixture, is an important component of terrestrial ecosystem. Its promotion effect on plant growth has been widely studied in recent years. Multiple signaling pathways play an important role in the process of HS promoting plant growth and development. The article summarizes the signaling pathway transduction and crosstalk mechanisms of HS in promoting the growth and development of plant roots and shoots. During the promotion of root growth, HS mainly involves the transduction of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), nitric oxide (NO), abscisic acid (ABA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ signal, and the complex crosstalk between them; During the promotion of shoot growth, HS mainly involves the transmission of cytokinin (CTK) and ABA signaling pathways, and the complex crosstalk occurs between nitrate and CTK signaling pathways. HS regulates plant physiological metabolism through a complex metabolic network, involving multiple complicated signaling pathways and crosstalk processes. Among them, (PM) H+- ATPase is the key node of HS promoting root and shoot growth, and multiple signaling pathways mediate the signal transduction of cascade amplification via (PM) H+- ATPase. NO signal has a complex crosstalk process with multiple signaling pathways that regulate root and shoot growth, and is an important crosstalk signaling molecule involved in the promotion of plant growth by HS. There are other signaling pathways involved in the growth and development of roots and shoots triggered by HS, among which the defense signaling pathways salicylicacid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are regulated by signaling pathways IAA, NO, ABA and CTK. Due to the dispersion, heterogeneity and complexity of biochemical research of HS, the relevant mechanism of the short-term promoting effect of HS on plant growth and the overall action mechanism on plant growth and development during the whole growth stage have not yet been clarified. Therefore, further in-depth analysis is needed to reveal the signal transduction, crossover, crosstalk and integration pathways involved in the growth promotion process, and the complex nutritional and metabolic pathways. The result of our research could provide theoretical basis for studying the action mechanism of HS physiological activity and its application in agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tobacco Science & Technology is the property of Tobacco Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

:In order to comprehend the root and needle N, P and K biochemical stoichiometry characteristics of Pinus massonana, judge its nutrient restriction and utlization, this results provide technical support for fertilization management in the process of P. massonana seedling cultivation. The fertilization experiment of P. massonana seedlings was carried out to analyze the effect of P fertilizer on the N, P and K mass fractions of roots and needles of one-year-old P. massonana seedlings in different seasons. The phosphorus fertilizer used calcium magnesium phosphorus fertilizer (P has an effective rate of 14%). Four levels of 0,50,100 and 200(P1,P2, P3,P4) was designed in this experment. The results showed that the content of N, P, K and their ecological stoichiometry were not significantly affected by different P application (P>0. 05), but it was significantly different in different seasons (P<0. 05). In the spring of the following year after fertilization, under P2 treatment N ∶ P was17. 2, which was greater than 16. The roots and needles of P. massoniana in other treatments had N ∶ P<14, and the needles were treated with P fertilizer in the later stage (winter, spring of the following year) with N ∶ P higher than the CK. The ratio of N ∶ K was 2. 83-29. 30, both greater than 2. 1, the ratio of P ∶ K was 0. 68-3. 82 and K ∶ P was less than 3. 4. The ratio of N ∶ K of roots and needles of P. massoniana in P2 treatment was less than the CK, and the ratio of N ∶ K of needles in P3 and P4 treatments was higher than the CK. Different treatments showed that the growth process of P. massonana was limited by N and K elements, and the restriction of N and K elements was aggravated by the increase of P concentration after applying P fertilizer, especially when applying high concentration P fertilizer (P3, P4). The results of this study showed that a large amount of phosphorus (P3, P4) increased the restriction of N and K elements in the growth of P. massonana. In the cultivation of P. massonana seedlings, N, P, and K can be applied in a suitable proportion to promote seedling growth. Further research is needed on the limiting standards of N, P, and K measurement characteristics of different organs on the growth of P. massonana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study aims to investigate the variation of pullout friction characteristics of root-soil interface of Amorpha fruticosa under different influencing factors, and to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of cultivated plant species in the study area. [Methods] The influence of fibrous roots, root diameter, and pulling rate on the maximum pulling force and friction resistance of A. fruticosa root-soil composite, as well as the friction coefficient in the A. fruticosa root-soil interface were investigated through indoor tensile testing. [Results] The curve between pulling force and time, pulling force and displacement of root-soil composite with or without firbrous root were basically the same. However, the maximum pulling force, root-soil friction coefficient, and friction resistance of the fibrous root-soil composite were 1.3 times higher than tap root-soil composite in the same root diameter. In tap root-soil composite, the root diameter was exponentially correlated with the maximum pulling force, pulling friction coefficient, and root-soil friction coefficient. With the increase of pulling rate, root-soil friction coefficient, and pulling friction coefficient showed an increasing trend in which values under the pulling rate of 500 mm/min(14.06 N, 0.74, 40.11 kPa) was larger than 10 mm/min(12.04 N, 0.65, 35.58 kPa). The redundancy analysis showed that root diameter, presence or absence of fibrous roots, and pulling rate were significantly correlated with the interfacial root-soil friction. Contribution rates from root diameter, fibrous roots, and pulling rate were 55.4%, 23.7%, and 20.9%, respectively. [Conclusion] A. fruticosa showed strong soil conservation capacity and will play its role when subjected to the pulling force loads from high wind and runoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize usually suffers from various abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperature, high salt, and deficiency of nutrient elements during growth and development period, which will eventually lead to the decline of yield and quality, resulting in serious agricultural yield reduction. MYB transcription factors are widely distributed in plants and involved in the whole process of plant growth and development and environmental response. Therefore, the screening and identification of MYB transcription factors conferring stress resistance can provide the theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement in maize. In this study, a R2R3-MYB family transcription factor gene, ZmMYB12, was cloned from maize materials under drought treatment. This gene showed inducible expression in response to drought, ABA, and PEG treatments. Maize plants with virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) of ZmMYB12 had higher sensitivity to drought and accumulated more reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as smaller roots. The survival rate of ZmMYB12 silencing plants was lower after re-watering than the wild type plants (WT), indicating that ZmMYB12 was a positive regulator of drought response. Overexpression of ZmMYB12 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in less ROS accumulation and more lateral roots than WT, thus elevating drought resistance. After low phosphorus stress, ZmMYB12 overexpression Arabidopsis had more lateral roots and stronger root system, as well as higher contents of chlorophyll and anthocyanin. The content of inorganic phosphorus in ZmMYB12 overexpression Arabidopsis was also higher than WT. In conclusion, this study indicates that ZmMYB12 positively regulates drought response and increases the uptake and utilization of phosphorus in plants, providing an elite gene for maize breeding to increase abiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) is a crucial source for stable soil carbon pool, and understanding its response to carbon inputs from both aboveground (litter) and belowground (roots) in subtropical forest soils is essential for assessing soil carbon stocks in global ecosystems. In a Castanopsis carlesii plantation at the Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station in Fujian Province, we conducted an experiment with five treatments, including root removal (NR), aboveground litter removal (NL), no litter input (removals of both aboveground litter and roots, NI), double aboveground litter addition (DL), and control (CK). After seven years, we collected soil samples in the 0-10 cm soil layer to examine changes in MNC content and its contribution to soil organic carbon (SOC). Results showed that NR treatment reduced MNC, bacterial necromass carbon (BNC), and fungal necromass carbon (FNC) by 15.9%, 20.2%, and 14.5%, respectively, while other treatments did not induce significant changes. The NR, NL, NI, and DL treatments did not affect the contributions of BNC, FNC, and MNC to SOC. Correlation and path analyses revealed that litter and root carbon input treatments could alter the MNC content directly or indirectly through changing soil available substrates and microbial community structure. Our results suggested that roots exert a stronger influence on the maintenance of MNC than aboveground carbon source in the mid-subtropical plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forest Engineering is the property of Forest Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Graphene is now widely used in agricultural production because of its unique structure and excellent properties. To investigate the effects of graphene on soil nutrients, enzyme activities and maize root development, the pot experiment using 'Zhengdan 958' as the test material was carried out to examine the effects of single-layer graphene (TS) and few-layer graphene (TF) at 0 (CK), 25, 50, 100 and 150 g⋅kg-1 on the transformation of soil nutrients and the root development of maize seedlings, respectively. The results showed that, compared with the control (CK), the soil available nutrient content increased significantly with the increase of graphene concentration and reached the maximum at the concentration of 150 g⋅kg-1, in which, the available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of single-layer graphene treatment significantly increased by 21.85%, 76.56% and 30.69%, and those of few-layer graphene treatment significantly increased by 23.05%, 82.16% and 47.20%, respectively. Meanwhile, the addition of graphene also contributed to the increase of soil enzyme activity, but the soil enzyme activity showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing with increasing concentration, and the sucrase and urease activities of few-layer of graphene at a concentration of 50 g⋅kg-1 significantly increased by 6.67% and 21.26% compared to CK. Low levels (25, 50, and 100 g⋅kg-1) promoted inhibition at high level (150 g⋅kg-1). Low levels of graphene inhibited the rate of superoxide anion (O2⋅-) production and the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased the contents of soluble protein and proline, which helped to timely scavenge reactive oxygen species, inhibit membrane lipid synthesis, lessen the harm done to the root system. In conclusion, the applied properly graphene could enhance soil nutrients, boost soil enzyme activity, and encourage the development of maize plants. And the effect of few-layer graphene was better than that of the single-layer graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: [Objective] The purpose of the study was to analyze the spatial distribution and variation characteristics of Paulownia fortunei ( SeeTTL ) Hems!. roots in the red soil hilly region in southern China, and to provide references for Paulownia cultivation and vegetation restoration in red soil hilly region. [Method] Taking P. fortunei ( Seem. ) Hems!. seedlings with strong enrichment of heavy metal elements and prevention of soil erosion in a typical red soil hilly region as the research object, field investigation was used to investigate the spatial distribution pattern of P. fortunei( Seem. ) Hems!. roots in different diameters( d <0. 5 mm,0. 5 mm,,,;d <2. 0 mm,2. 0 mm,,,;d <3. 0 mm,3. 0 mm,s;d <5. 0 mm and d;;s,5. 0 mm), and to analyze the adaptive ability of Paulownia to the soil. [ Result] In the vertical direction, root length, root surface area and specific root surface area of Paulownia seedlings showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of soil depth. Root volume, root dry weight and root tissue density decreased gradually, while specific root length increased gradually with soil depth. Root volume and root surface area for roots of < 3. 0 mm diameter levels and root length for roots of < 5. 0 mm diameter levels showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with soil depth, while root volume, root surface area and root length for other diameter roots decreased gradually. The variability of root surface area and root volume in 0,,,; soil depth ( h) < 10. 0 cm soil layer was significantly stronger than that in other soil layers ( P < 0. 05, the same as below), and the variability of root dry weight was significantly stronger than that in 20. 0 cm.;; h < 50. 0 cm different soil layers. The variability of root length, root volume aud root surface area of roots of 2. 0 mm.;; d < 5. 0 mm diameter levels in 40. 0 cm.;; h < 50. 0 cm soil layer were significantly stronger thau those in other soil layers. In different horizontal positions, root length, root volume aud root surface area for roots of < 2. 0 mm diameter levels were the largest in the profile farthest from the trunk. Root length, root volume aud root surface area for roots of ;;s,2. 0 mm diameter levels were the largest in the profile where the trunk was located. The variability of root length, root volume, root surface area, root dry weight, specific root length, root tissue density and specific root surface area had no significant differences among different profiles ( P > 0. 05). The variability of root length, root volume and root surface area of roots in different diameter levels were the strongest in the profile farthest from the trunk. [ Conclusion] The roots of P. fortunei ( Seem. ) Hems!. seedlings are mainly distributed in the 0 - 20. 0 cm soil layer with obvious surface aggregation. When Paulownia cultivation is carried out, the focus should be on the physicochemical properties of the soil in the 0 - 20. 0 cm soil layer to ensure the efficient absorption and utilization of soil water and fertilizer by the roots of Paulownia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated root and soil nutrient characteristics in the monoculture and continuous alfalfa/oat intercropping in the high-yield years by using soil filling and frame planting method in the field, and analyzed the relationship between root systems and soil nutrients. The results showed that intercropping reduced root weight and total root length proportion of oat in the 0-10 cm soil layer compared with the monoculture. However, intercropping significantly increased root weight and root surface area of oat in the 20-30 cm soil layer, root length and root density of alfalfa in the 10-20 cm soil layer, and the contents of available phosphorus and organic matter of the alfalfa/oat intercropping system in the 0-40 cm soil layer. As the planting years increased, total root length, root weight, root surface area, and proportion of root weight and root length of alfalfa in the 0-20 cm soil layer gradually increased in the intercropping system, and the root weight, total root length, root surface area, and root average diameter of oat increased, especially the root weight and root surface area of oat in the 20-30 cm soil layer. Moreover, the content of available nutrients in all soil layers decreased subsequently. In the alfalfa/oat intercropping system, continuous intercropping could significantly increase total root length of alfalfa in the 10-20 cm soil layer, improve root weight and root surface area of oat in the 20-40 cm soil layer (especially in the 20-30 cm soil layer). With the increases of planting years, intercropping intensified the absorption and competition of available nutrients by the roots of alfalfa and oat in the 0-40 cm soil layer, thereby reduced the accumulation of available nutrients in the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To perform microscopic identification for the roots of Actinidia macrosperma C.F. Liang, Actinidia valvata Dunn, Actinidia arguta (Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq., Actinidia chinensis Planch., and provide the basis for judging medicinal materials exactly. Methods The powder microscopic characteristics of 4 medicinal plants of Actinidia genus were observed by microscopic identification method. Results Taking the morphological characteristics of calcium oxalate clusters, starch granules and ducts as the main differences, a key table was compiled to identify the roots of these four medicinal plants. Conclusion The microscopic identification method could effectively distinguish 4 Chinese herbs of Actinidia genus, and which is worth further studying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was to improve the economic value of Canna edulis in production practice. The content of nutrients, trace elements and amino acids were determined according to national standard, and the active substances were qualitatively and quantitatively determined by liquid chromatography tandem high resolution mass spectrometer. The results showed that there were eight kinds of nutrients, seven kinds of trace elements, 15 kinds of amino acids and 37 kinds of active substances detected in Canna edulis root. Among the nutrients, starch content was the highest, up to 44.90%, and the content of trace elements, amino acids and active substances were rich. The study indicates that the Canna edulis root is a good feed source, and its root active substances play an important role in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to investigate the molecular mechanism and transcriptomics of the response of graphene to the roots of Castanopsis hystrix Miq plant. Seedlings were cultivated with 4 groups of graphene solution concentrations of 0, 25, 33 and 50 mg/L, 0 refers to distilled water culture, the root development, gene expression, enrichment pathway and range of differentially expressed genes were analyzed. Compared with 0 group, 25 mg/L graphene solution had the best promoting effect on root development of Castanopsis hystrix seedlings(t=2.86 to 7.80, P<0.05). Transcriptomic data showed that the expression levels of 12 845 genes were changed after 25 mg/L graphene solution was applied to Castanopsis hystrix roots, among which 10 899 genes were up-regulated and 1 946 genes were inhibited. According to the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, the up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in 126 KEGG pathways, and down-regulated genes were enriched in 99 KEGG pathways. In addition, 110 transcription factor genes were differentially expressed and could be classified into 33 different families. Among them, 7 transcription factor family genes, including ERF, WRKY, MYB, NAC, bHLH, TCP and Trihelix were related to root development of Castanopsis hystrix. Analyses of differentially expressed genes related to plant hormone signal transduction pathways showed changes in the expression levels of 7 hormone-related genes, including auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene, salicylic acid, brassinosteroid and strigolactone, were closely related to the root growth of Castanopsis hystrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants can significantly alter the physiological and ecological characteristics to adapt to the continuous submersion in the water-level fluctuation zone, thus leading to the performance of root on soil reinforcement. However, it is still unclear on the effects of submersion duration on the tensile properties of plant roots. In this study, the dominant plant in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges reservoir area, Cynodon dactylon, was selected as the research object. The seeds were sown at 15 g/m2 on a purple soil field in August 2019, and the maintenance was then conducted more than two years before the beginning of the submersion test. Samples were taken in September 2021 and then submersed in the water tank with a submerged depth of 50 cm. Among them, the water tank was covered with the black cloth to simulate the dark condition during submersion. The unsubmerged condition was used as the control. The root weight density, root activity, and tensile properties were analyzed under eight submersion durations (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 d), in order to evaluate the response of tensile properties of Cynodon dactylon root to submersion duration. The results indicated that there was a rapid decrease in the root weight density and root activity, followed by a slow but continuous decline with the increasing of submersion duration in the submersion group, compared with the control. The root weight density and root activity decreased by 28.42%, and 55.80%, respectively, for the submersion duration 180 d, compared with at the beginning of the submersion test. The root weight density and root activity decrease in the initial stage of submersion (15 d), accounting for 65.15% and 75.86% of the total decrement, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum tensile strength of the root was closely related to the root diameter with the power function. The tensile force and tensile strength coefficient a, c decreased with the increase of submersion duration, while the tensile force and tensile strength power coefficient b, d showed no outstanding change. The tensile force and tensile strength coefficient a, c for the relation of root diameter with the maximum tensile strength and tensile strength decreased by 38.42%, 42.86%, 58.27%, 52.48%, 55.95%, 57.03%, 59.46%, and 38.45%, 42.87%, 58.26%, 52.50%, 55.95%, 55.95%, and 59.48%, respectively for the submersion duration15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 d, compared with at the beginning of the submersion test. The initial stage of submersion accounted for 64.61% and 64.64% of the total decrement of fitting tensile force and tensile strength coefficient a, and c, respectively. The response degree of root tensile properties to the submersion also varied with the root diameter. Specifically, the decrement of the maximum tensile strength increased with the increase of root diameter, while the decrement of tensile strength increased with the decrease of root diameter. Moreover, the tensile force and tensile strength coefficient a, c for the relation of root diameter with the maximum tensile strength and tensile strength shared a significant logarithmic relationship with the root activity. Therefore, the submersion environment significantly reduced the root weight density, root activity, and tensile properties. The root activity can be expected to better explain the changes in the tensile properties. The finding can be of great significance to explore the plant root on soil reinforcement under a submersion environment in the water-level fluctuation zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Explore the regulation effect of lactobacillus compound preparation on population structure and root growth of oat.【Methods】Using oat variety Bayou No.1 as the experimental material, four treatments, no lactobacillus compound preparation and chemical fertilizer application (CK), chemical fertilizer application only (A), lactobacillus compound preparation and chemical fertilizer combined application (AB), and lactobacillus compound preparation application only (B) were set up. The effects of lactobacillus compound preparation on oat population structure formation, root growth, and yield were studied.【Results】The application of lactobacillus compound preparation only promoted the growth of oat as well as the population structure formation. The mature spike number was significantly increased by 6.15%-9.29% compared with CK (P<0.05). The oat root morphological index was improved to certain extent, but the difference was not significant compared with CK (P>0.05). The yield of oat was improved and the grain number per spike was significantly increased by 18.25%-23.14% compared with CK (P<0.05). Oat population structure formation and root growth was best under the combined application of lactobacillus compound preparation and chemical fertilizer, with tiller number and mature spike number significantly increased by 16.88%-23.90% and 22.13%-27.30% compared with CK (P<0.05), and mature spike number significantly increased by 8.76%-9.16% compared with A (P<0.05). The oat root morphological index parameters were improved effectively with the average root surface area and the root biomass increased significantly by 49.17%-52.01% and 37.02%-44.31% compared with CK (P<0.05). The combined application promoted the increase of oat yield and its components, with the grain yield and biological yield significantly increased by 33.20%-33.23% and 54.66%-60.39% respectively compared with CK (P<0.05), and the biological yield significantly increased by 19.73%-20.41% compared with A (P<0.05).【Conclusion】The application of lactobacillus compound preparation promoted the oat population structure formation, improved yield and the root morphological index, with the combined application of lactobacillus compound preparation and chemical fertilizer been better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effects of supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses and water and fertilizer integration on yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat, different water and fertilizer management models were tested in winter wheat growing season from 2019 to 2021. Taking Shannong 29 as the experimental material and adopting the split zone design, two main areas of border irrigation (W1) and supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses (W2), and two sub areas of uniform nitrogen supply with water during jointing (T1) and local nitrogen supply with furrow and strip application (T2) were set. The results showed that compared with W1 treatment, the irrigation amount during the whole growth period of W2 treatment decreased by 53.3 mm and 45.9 mm, saving water by 35.5% and 30.6% in two years, respectively. Under the same irrigation mode, the content of soil nitrate nitrogen in 0-80 cm soil layer at flowering stage and 0-120 cm soil layer at maturity stage in T2 treatment was significantly higher than that in T1 treatment. In W1 mode, the content of soil nitrate nitrogen in 0-30 cm soil layer of T1 treatment at flowering and maturity stages was significantly higher than that in non-fertilization row of T2 treatment, the root length density and root surface area density in 0-100 cm soil layer at flowering and maturity stages were significantly higher than those in fertilization row and non-fertilization row of T2 treatment, the root activity, nitrogen assimilation, and nitrogen transport from vegetative organs to seeds in 0-20 cm soil layer after flowering. There were no significant differences in nitrogen partial productivity, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency, and grain yield between T2 treatment and T2 treatment. Under W2 mode, the soil nitrate nitrogen content of 0-60 cm soil layer in T1 treatment at flowering and maturity stages was significantly higher than that of non-fertilization row in T2 treatment. The root length density and root surface area density of 0-100 cm soil layer at flowering and maturity stages were significantly higher than that of fertilization row and non-fertilization row in T2 treatment. The root activity, nitrogen assimilation, nitrogen transport from vegetative organs to seeds in 0-20 cm soil layer after flowering, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen partial productivity, water use efficiency, and grain yield were significantly higher than those of T2 treatment. In conclusion, the above results showed that under the condition of traditional border irrigation, there was no significant difference in grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency between uniform nitrogen supply with water and topdressing at jointing stage and local nitrogen supply with furrow and strip application. Under the condition of micro spray supplementary irrigation and water saving, the uniform nitrogen supply with water and topdressing at jointing stage was significantly better than the local nitrogen supply of furrow and strip application. The integration of supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses and topdressing of fertilizer (supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses + uniform topdressing nitrogen with irrigation water at jointing stage) optimized the spatial distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen, which could maintain a high nitrogen supply level in the middle and late growth stage of wheat, significantly improve the absorption area and intensity of roots, and increase the amount of nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen transport from vegetative organs to grains after flowering, thus grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency were improved simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South China Agricultural University is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Roots are the main source of soil organic carbon pool in grassland ecosystem. In order to identify the roots dynamics and their contribution to soil organic carbon, the potential, medium and severe rocky desertification grassland communities were selected as research objects; the continuous soil drilling method and root bag method were used to investigate the vertical distribution, seasonal dynamics and the relationship of roots and soil organic carbon. Results showed that the roots biomass of potential, medium and severe rocky desertification grasslands were significantly different, with values of 3 355.65 g·m-2, 2 944.02 g·m-2 and 1 806.80 g·m-2, respectively. Soil organic carbon was significantly different in different grassland communities with severe rocky desertification grassland > potential rocky desertification grassland > medium rocky desertification grassland. Roots and soil organic carbon tended to be distributed at the soil surface. Roots of 0-10 cm soil layer accounted for 57.66%-81.02% of all the roots biomass, while soil organic carbon accounted for 43.00%-65.60% of the soil organic carbon storage. Soil carbon storage of potential, medium and severe rocky desertification grasslands were 3.48 Mg, 3.93 Mg and 3.32 Mg. The replenishment of soil organic carbon through roots decomposition was 40.69 g·m-2 ·a-1, 154.79 g·m-2 ·a-1 and 57.31 g·m-2 ·a-1, accounting for 1.17%, 3.94% and 1.73% of the soil carbon storage. It could be seen that roots played a key role in the accumulation of soil organic carbon storage in rocky desertification grassland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of phosphorus-aluminum interaction on the growth of tea plants, phosphorus and aluminum interaction treatments with three aluminum concentrations and five phosphorus concentrations were set to analyze the changes in root growth, secretion of organic acids and uptake of phosphorus and aluminum in tea plants. The results show that both low phosphorus (0.01 mmol·L-1) and high aluminum (1 mmol·L-1) significantly promoted the growth of new roots in tea plants, and the number of root tips, root length, average diameter and increase of dry matter in new roots reached the maximum under the combined treatment of low phosphorus and high aluminum. High aluminum was able to restore the growth of new roots impeded by high phosphorus (0.5 mmol·L-1) conditions. In addition to the high phosphorus treatment (0.5 mmol·L-1), increasing the concentration of phosphorus or aluminum in the environment could significantly promote their accumulation in the roots of tea plants. Within a certain range, phosphorus significantly promoted the accumulation of aluminum in shoots. However, aluminum inhibited the accumulation of phosphorus in shoots when phosphorus was sufficient (>0.05 mmol·L-1). When phosphorus was sufficient, high aluminum promoted the secretion of oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid. Phosphorus application promoted the secretion of citric acid, while low phosphorus promoted the secretion of oxalic acid and malic acid. Low phosphorus and high aluminum synergistically promoted the secretion of malic acid. The results of two-way ANOVA show that phosphorus and aluminum concentrations and their interaction had highly significant effects on root length, root tip number, phosphorus and aluminum uptake and organic acid secretion in tea plants (p<0.01), which showed that phosphorus and aluminum interaction can affect root growth and organic acid secretion of tea plants significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper lays out the morphosyntactic structures of existential, locative and possessive constructions in Amharic. Amharic belongs to South Ethio-Semitic language subfamily. It is natively spoken in the Amhara region and used as the first and the second language for some urban dwellers in the country. It is a working language for the Federal Government of Ethiopia. It serves the same in Gambella, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ and Benishangul-Gumuz regional states. The Amharic existential, possessive and locative constructions are characterized by using the same existential verb stem all-‘exist’. The verb is defective in its derivation and conjugation. Unlike the prototypical verbs of the language, the existential verb uses a different verb for imperfective and past verb forms. Unlike the regular verbs of the language, the existential verb, which is perfective in form, conveys present tense. It has been observed that indefinite nominals appear as the E (Existent) in existentials and possessives, whereas definite ones appear in locatives. The morphosyntactic features of existentials and locatives are the same in every aspect except the use of definiteness of the E (Existent). The possessives differ from the two constructions in word order and morphological structure of the verb.

In order to study the effect of low light stress on the root growth of Chamaecrista rotundifolia, the relevant indexes of root physiological metabolism under different light intensities, including the natural light intensity (CK), 50% light intensity (LI 50%), 30% light intensity (LI 30%), 10% light intensity (LI 10%), were measured to explain the mechanism of low light stress. The results showed that the biomass, root-shoot ratio and root activity of Chamaecrista rotundifolia were significantly decreased under the low light stress, and the enzyme activity of Na+K+-ATP in roots under the levels of LI 30% and LI 10% was significantly decreased. With the deepening of low light stress, the activities of SOD and CAT in roots had a downward trend, and the difference of SOD activity among different treatments was significant. The O2- production rate, H2O2 content, MDA content and membrane permeability of root system showed a increasing trend. Compared with the CK, the contents of soluble sugar and starch in roots under the treatments of LI 50%, LI 30%, and LI 10% were significantly decreased. The activity of nitrate reductase in roots showed a decreasing trend (significant difference among various treatments), while the activities of protease and ribonuclease in roots showed an increasing trend (extremely significant difference between the treatments of LI 30% and LI 10%). As a result, the nucleic acid content in roots was significantly reduced. In summary, the low light stress could reduce the root activity of Chamaecrista rotundifolia, destroy the root membrane system, reduce the distribution of root carbohydrates, affect the root protein synthesis, accelerate the root senescence, and ultimately affected the root growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tea Science is the property of Journal of Tea Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 19-year old Pinus massoniana plantation was selected for thinning, and three treatments including 450 plants • hm-2 (SMI treatment), 600 plants • hm-2 (SM2 treatment) and 750 plants • hm-2 (SM3 treatment) were used to analyze the root growth and distribution pattern of the intercropped Polygala aureocauda under different retention densities of Pinus massoniana ・ The results showed that there were significant differences in the annual root growth and root fresh weight of the intercropped Polygala aureocauda treated with different retention densities, and the root growth of Poly gala aureocauda intercropped with the stand retention density of Pinus massoniana of 600 plants • hm-2 (SM2 treatment) for 6 years was the largest, with the root width growth of 94. 9 cm, the root depth of 32. 8 cm and the root fresh weight per plant of 506. 4 g. The roots of Polygala aureocauda were more concentrated in the horizontal distance of 0 -- 40 cm and the vertical depth of 0 -- 20 cm, which were less crossed with the horizontal distribution and vertical distribution of the main roots of Pinus massoniana. Compared with SMI and SM3 treatments, the output value of root fresh weight with SM2 treatment was increased by 347. 7 yuan • hm-2 and 520. 2 yuan • hm-2, respectively, showing significant management benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the diagnostic accuracy and the distance between the root of maxillary posterior tooth and the maxillary sinus using panoramic radiography and cone beam computer tomography; to provide basic information for clinicians to treat diseases in the maxillary posterior region. Methods Eighty patients were included in this study. A total of 671 specimens were measured for the distance between the root tip and the maxillary sinus floor in both imaging modalities. Results The roots that did not contact the sinus floor or contacted but did not project into the sinus cavity showed an agreement of 82% and 70% when using panoramic radiography. Forty-eight percent of the roots that projected into the sinus cavity in panoramic radiography showed protrusion into the sinus with cone beam computer tomography (CBCT). For panoramic radiography and CBCT showing root projections into the sinus cavity, the average distances were 2.19 ± 1.82 mm and 1.47 ± 1.01 mm, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two values (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Panoramic radiography is more accurate when roots of maxillary posterior teeth do not contact the sinus floor or contact it. However, it has a lower accuracy rate when the tooth roots protrude into the sinus.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)