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Rape (Brassica napus L.) straw has been one of the most important biomass resources in environmental protection and economic benefits, due to the high cellulose content and low utilization cost. A reasonable utilization rate can provide great contributions to the around-year feedstock supply for the biomass industries. However, it still lacks scientific and rational theoretical guidance on the utilization of straw resources. Most straws have been abandoned in the fields or directly burned, leading to severe environmental pollution and resource waste. Moreover, current straw utilization (such as returning straw to the field) can also exhibit certain negative effects. The waste of biomass resources has caused significant economic losses and ecological damage. It is a high demand to formulate the scientifically efficient straw utilization mode for the sustainable and green straw biomass industry. The high-value-added biomass products can be effectively converted for the environmentally and socio-economically friendly development of straw resources. Among them, Hunan Province can also share the potential of industrial utilization of the rape straw, due to the main producing area of rape in China. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the biomass yield potential and regional differences for the rational utilization of the rape straw resources in Hunan Province, in terms of biomass quality. Some recommendations were also given to utilize the rape straw for the future bioeconomy, according to the spatial heterogeneity of straw resources in the whole province. The results indicate that Hunan Province produced approximately 6.74 million tons of rape straw each year. The major production was concentrated in the northern region. There is significant heterogeneity in the feedstock quality of rape straw biomass across the province. All characterization indicators showed high coefficients of variation (CV > 0.50), indicating substantial variability. The differences in biomass quality were primarily represented in the heavy metal content, indicating a particularly high coefficient of variation (CV > 5.00). Additionally, there was notable variability in ash content (CV = 3.02), lignin content (CV = 1.17), cellulose polymerization (CV = 1.15), and cellulose crystallinity (CV = 0.56). Multiple measured indicators of rape straw feedstock quality were normalized, according to the biomass production potential index (BPPI) and membership functions. The rape straw was most suitable to produce hemicellulose-based products (the potential index was 0.58), especially from the northern Hunan region (the potential index was 0.60). Overall, the primary feedstock supply area can serve as the high yield potential and superior biomass quality in the northern Hunan region. The biomass and energy potential of rape straw can be expected to scientifically construct and develop green clusters of biomass industry. Hunan Province can maximize the efficiency and sustainability of biomass resources in the regions with the highest production potential, thereby contributing significantly to the development of a robust bioeconomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using tomato as experimental materials, the effects of different straw reactor treatments on soil temperature, carbon dioxide flux and tomato plant growth, yield and quality were studied. The results showed that compared with the inter-row straw reactor treatment, the in-row straw reactor treatment could increase the soil temperature of tomato greenhouse by 3.1-4.5 ℃. The treatment technology of the in-row straw reactor could effectively solve the CO2 deficit in the solar greenhouse in the morning and afternoon on sunny days, significantly improve the plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, and vitamin C content, free amino acids, soluble protein, soluble sugar and lycopene content of tomato at different growth stages, and reduce nitrate content. The yield of tomato in row reactor increased by 5.18%. Straw reactor increased soil temperature and promoted plant growth, which could promote the color transformation of tomatoes 15-20 days earlier and promote the early market of tomatoes. BR treatment had the best effect, followed by BR-S and BR-D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To explore the influence of raw materials from different cultivars on the quality of Sichuan dark tea, the raw materials of 4 tea cultivars were used in this study. The main chemicals and aroma components were analyzed by sensory evaluation, chemical analysis and gas chromato graphy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) . The main components of Sichuan dark teas made from different tea cultivars were significantly different. The contents of water extract, tea polyphenols, catechins and caffeine of Sichuan dark teas from 'Zijuan' were the highest, which were 49.45%, 18.54%, 4.77%, and 4.21%, respectively, followed by Sichuan dark tea processed with 'Huangjinya' cultivar, all of them were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the Sichuan dark tea processed with 'Fuding Dabai' and 'Baiye 1'. The contents of L-asparagine, L-theanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid were the highest of Sichuan dark teas from 'Huangjinya', which were 115.78, 279.86, 154.47, 70.76 mg/100 g, respectively, significantly (P<0.05) higher than Sichuan dark tea processed with other cultivars. Aroma analysis showed that main aroma components were alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons and esters, accounting for more than 80% of the total aroma. The similarity rate of aroma between 'Fuding Dabai' and 'Baiye 1' was 0.98, and that of 'Huangjinya' and 'Zijuan' was 0.99. The Sichuan dark tea processed with the 'Baiye 1' had floral fragrance, and the Sichuan dark tea processed with the 'Zijuan' had ''stale flavor''. Sensory quality analysis showed that the comprehensive qualities of Sichuan dark teas from 'Fuding Dabai','Baiye 1' and 'Huangjinya' were the better, with a score of more than 82, while the Sichuan dark tea from 'Zijuan' had the lowest score. The Sichuan dark tea processed with 'Huangjinya' materials was rich in substances and had good comprehensive quality. The Sichuan dark tea processed with 'Baiye 1' material had floral fragrance, which could be used as a variety for processing advanced special Sichuan dark tea. The Sichuan dark tea processed with 'Zijuan' materials had high content of water extracts and tea polyphenols, with ''stale flavor''. It was suitable for blending and processing with other cultivars of low polyphenol content, and could be used as a blending variety for dark tea products with ''stale flavor''. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of short shelf life of refrigerated Micropterus salmoides and the deterioration of quality during refrigerated storage, three preservatives including trehalose (Tre), ginger extract (GE) and Nisin were selected for single factor experiment. L9(34) orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the ratio of the compound preservative. The total viable count (TVC), pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content, sensory evaluation, water holding capacity, moisture distribution, texture properties and myofibrillar protein (MP) oxidation stability indexes of Micropterus salmoides during refrigerated storage were measured with the optimal ratio of the compound preservative. The optimal ratio of the compound preservative (3.0% Tre, 0.06% GE and 0.06% Nisin) was obtained by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that on the 8th day of refrigeration, the logarithm of TVC of control group (CK group) was 6.01, which exceeded the specified limit of spoilage. At the 16th day of storage, the logarithm of TVC of EG2 group was still lower than 6.00, the content of TVB-N was not more than 20 mg/100 g and the pH was less than 7.20. Compared with CK group, free water content in compound preservative groups (EG1 group and EG2 group (that was preferred group)) were significantly decreased, water holding capacity were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the hardness, chewiness and sensory scores of Micropterus salmoides were better than CK group. The related indexes of MP oxidation stability showed that the total sulfhydryl content and Ca2+-ATPase activity in compound preservative groups (EG1 group and EG2 group (that was preferred group)) were significantly higher than those in CK group (P<0.05), while the surface hydrophobicity and carbonyl group content were significantly lower than those in CK group (P<0.05), meanwhile, the protective effect of EG2 group on the oxidation stability of MP was better than that of EG1 group. The correlation analysis showed that there was significant correlation (P<0.01) among the indexes of Micropterus salmoides fillets treated with compound preservatives. Comprehensive analysis showed that the quality deterioration of refrigerated Micropterus salmoides could be effectively delayed and the MP oxidation of refrigerated Micropterus salmoides could be significantly inhibited, among which the optimal ratio group (EG2 group) had the best comprehensive effect. This study would provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of water retention and preservation technology for refrigerated Micropterus salmoides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To provide the theoretical basis for baking in clean carbon intensive grills. [Method]Taking the upper leaves of Yunyan 87 as experimental materials, the effects of coal-fired and clean carbon-fired bulk curing barn on appearance quality, conventional chemical composition content, neutral aroma substance content, neutral aroma substances and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were studied. [Result] The results showed that the appearance quality and chemical composition coordination of flue-cured tobacco leaves treated with burning clean carbon with bulk curing barn were relatively better. Tobacco leaves cured by burning clean carbon with bulk curing barn could increase the contents of 17 kinds of carotenoid degradation products, 15 kinds of maillard reaction products, 2 kinds of cembratriendid alkyl degradation products, 3 kinds of phenylalanine pyrolysis products and neophytadiene of neutral aroma substances, and the total amount of aroma substances in each category increased by 38. 59%, 114. 04%, 50. 91%, 68. 09% and 25. 66%, respectively. Among them, the Maillard reaction product is the largest increase in the content of aroma substances in the upper flue-cured tobacco leaves. In terms of sensory quality evaluation, tobacco leaves cured by burning clean carbon with bulk curing barn could improve the scores of aroma quality, aroma quantity, taste, offensive and irritancy, and the total score of sensory quality evaluation increased by 6. 45%. [Conclusion] It is feasible to use clean carbon with bulk curing barn for flue-cured tobacco leaves curing, and it is one of the important directions for the upgrading, development and application of clean carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the common time management problems in scientific research, an innovative team of the CCCC Guangdong - Hongkong- Macao Greater Bay Area Innovation Research Institute was selected as the research object. By collecting real data such as the planned completion time of work tasks, the actual completion time, and the time required for other matters, this paper analyzes the characteristics of scientific research work, discusses strategies for time management in scientific research, and proposes a series of practical solutions. The practical application proves that flexible research time management planning and task allocation can effectively improve the word efficiency of researchers and the quality of research results, providing feasible time management guidelines for research teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Grape is one of the five varieties of fruit trees widely cultivated in China. Long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizer will destroy the microbial ecology, thus affecting the yield and quality of grapes. Compound microbial agent of different strains may be a more active and effective measure to improve the quality of grapes. [Method] The compound microbial agent (Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX, Bacillus velezensis FJAT-55034 and B. brevis FJAT-10623) were used to irrigate the roots, and the effects of the compound microbial agent on grape growth, fruit quality, rhizosphere soil enzymatic activity and diversity of culturable Bacillus were analyzed. [Result] The compound microbial agent promoted the growth of grape leaves, increased the contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoid, and the activities of POD and PPO. The chlorophyll b content, SOD and PPO activities of young grape fruits in the treatment group was 100%, 1.77% and 66.67% higher than that in the control group, respectively. The application of compound microbial agent promoted early ripening, fruit color transformation and quality of grapes. The single fruit weight was 29.06% higher than that of control group, and the soluble solid and soluble protein increased by 7.31% and 94.74%, respectively, compared with the control group. The PPO enzyme activity of ripe grape fruit in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group. In addition, the compound microbial agent significantly improved the activities of amylase, catalase, cellulase, sucrase, and the number and species of Bacillus in grape rhizosphere soil. Correlation analysis showed that Bacillus zanthoxyli and Bacillus pseudomycoides promoted grape leaf growth and fruit quality. [Conclusion] The compound microbial agent may improve soil, promote grape growth and increase fruit quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hydrobiology is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Hydrobiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cactus pear fruits were under the two conditions of normal and low temperature treatment, logistics packaging by foam mesh bag, foam filler, laminated isolation plate, plastic wrap, a total of 8 kinds of treatments. The influence of different logistics packaging on the quality of cactus pear fruit was studied, by measuring fruit firmness, soluble solid, titratable acid, weight loss rate, juice yield, rate of intact fruit, ethyl alcohol, glucose, vitamin C content before and after logistics transportation, in order to select suitable logistics packaging methods for cactus pear fruits. The results showed that low temperature significantly reduced the quality reduction of cactus pear fruit during logistics transportation. Compared with foam filler, foam mesh bag, laminated isolation plate, logistics packaging by plastic wrap can maintain the firmness of fruit, decrease the content of vitamin C, soluble solid, glucose, juice yield, rate of intact fruit, and reduce the increase of ethanol and weight loss rate. There was no significant effect on titratable acid content of cactus pear fruit by different packing treatments. In summary, low temperature and the use of plastic wrap packaging can improve the quality of cactus pear fruit in logistics transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To explore different organic fertilizer application measures suitable for Zhangmulin small leaf tobacco and Daning tobacco, and provide scientific basis for expanding the planting scale of sun-cured tobacco in Guangxi. [Method] Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different fertilizer combinations of compound fertilizer, tobacco specific organic fertilizer, and farm manure (tung seed blight, peanut bran, chicken manure, and clay ash) on the growth and physicochemical properties of Zhangmulin small leaf tobacco and Daning tobacco. [Result] For Zhangmulin small-leaved tobacco, the growth of tobacco plants in Z2 and 24 treatments was better, with leaf area reaching 810.58 cm2; Z2 treatment had the largest single leaf weight, and its filling value increased by 29.03% compared to Z1 treatment; for Zhangmulin small leaf tobacco and Daning tobacco, the content of total sugar and reducing sugar was the best under fertilization treatments of Z2 and Z4, D1 and D4, respectively. Compared to Daning tobacco, Zhangmulin small leaf tobacco were low in nicotine, low in potassium and high in chlorine. [Conclusion] In the application measures of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer for Zhangmulin small leaf tobacco and Daning tobacco, peanut bran and chicken manure, tung seed blight, chicken manure, and clay ash can be applied to each plant of Zhangmulin small leaf tobacco and Daning tobacco to replace tobacco specific organic fertilizer, which is better for the growth and quality of tobacco plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Not from concentrate (NFC) orange juice is processed directly from the fresh orange after cleaning, sterilized and aseptically filled, because it does not go through the process of concentration, reduction and preparation, so as to maintain the original flavor and nutrition of the fruit. Sterilization is the most significant processing step in juice production, which can effectively prolong the shelf life of citrus juice through killing microorganisms. Currently, pasteurization is a kind of widely used thermal sterilization techniques in the industry and is also widely used in the manufacture of liquid foods. However, high temperatures inevitably have some negative effects, such as causing deterioration of color and even odor, changing the physicochemical properties, and reducing the heat-sensitive nutritional and functional components in the juice, which may be detrimental to the health of consumers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to systematically compare the influences of different sterilizations on the quality of NFC orange juice and select suitable sterilization methods for processing high-quality NFC juice. Thermosonication (TS) technology, as a low heat sterilization technology, has been widely concerned in the sterilization of liquid food. In order to evaluate the efficiency of TS on the quality of NFC orange juice, the effects of TS (600 W, 60 ℃, 13 min) on the microorganisms, color, limonin, nomilin, vitamin C, total phenol, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of NFC orange juice were investigated during storage at low temperature for 35 days compared to the traditional pasteurization (70 ℃, 15 min), and the changes in volatile compounds of NFC orange juice with traditional pasteurization and TS were also analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that both treatments effectively ensure the microbiological safety of NFC orange juice during storage. The sugar and acid components of NFC orange juice were stable during storage, and TS treatment did not affect the taste of NFC orange juice. Compared with the traditional pasteurization group of NFC orange juice, TS treatment improved the turbidity stability of orange juice. With the extension of storage time, TS treatment increased the L*, a* and b* values. However, the ΔE* values were all less than 1.00, the color difference could not be perceived, and the BI value decreased by 12.50% ～16.67%. The loss rate of Vc in NFC orange juice was reduced by 10.52% of TS group. The contents of total phenol and total flavone of TS group were 1.00-1.06 times of those in the traditional pasteurization group. The limonin content decreased by 17.37%～ 56.62% and nomilin content decreased by 9.32%～ 63.85%, respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging ability and FRAP total antioxidant capacity were 1.09～1.21 times and 1.11～1.70 times that of pasteurization, respectively. GC-MS analysis identified 49 volatile compounds. The traditional pasteurization process produced 1-octene-3-ol, 2-octene-1-ol, 2-octyne-1-ol, ethyl butyrate, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E)-2-heptenal, creinaldehyde, 6-methyl-5-heptene-2- ketone and butyric acid in the NFC orange juice, which were the mainly volatile components that caused the hot odor of NFC orange juice, but TS effectively inhibited to produce these volatile components in NFC orange juice, thus avoiding the hot odor of the juice. Therefore, TS was better than traditional pasteurization for preserving the nutritional and sensory quality of NFC orange juice. It was suggested that TS might be a promised and alternative sterilization for NFC orange juice. The research can provide theoretical basis and technical parameters for further improving the application of NFC orange juice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aimed to establish a comprehensive method to evaluate the effects of thymol microcapsules/konjac glucomannan/low acyl gellan gum (TKL) edible composite coating on postharvest quality of blueberry. The late-ripening variety Baldwin was used as the test material. Based on the sensory, physiological and biochemical, nutrient, color, and texture perspectives, representative indicators were selected to comprehensively evaluate the effect of TKL preharvest spraying on blueberry quality using principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and correlation analysis. Results showed that the TKL coating treatment slowed down the decrease in sensory, fruit shape index, titratable acid, hardness, L*, b*, H*, and springing during storage of blueberry, reduced the increases in weight loss ratio, decay rate, malondialdehyde, and C*, and increased the contents of soluble solid, chewiness, resilience, total phenols, total flavonoids, and anthocyanidin. The TKL coating effectively slowed down the deterioration of blueberry quality. PCA analysis obtained 2 principal components with a cumulative variance contribution of 86.90%.The fitting of PCA scores with sensory values was an extremely significant positive correlation (P<0.01). Cluster analysis indicated that the blueberry quality of TKL coating treatment at 21-56 days was in the same category as the control at 7-35 days. Correlation showed that PCA scores were extremely significant and positively correlated with sensory evaluation (P<0.01).Cluster analysis showed that the quality of blueberry by TKL coating at 21-56 days was the same as that of the CK group at 7-35 days. The TKL coating treatment extended the storage period of Baldwin blueberry from 42 days to 63 days. The combination of PCA and cluster analysis could more scientifically, systematically, and accurately evaluate the effect of TKL coating on the postharvest preservation of blueberries, providing a theoretical basis for the application of TKL coating on postharvest fruit preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 18 melon resources were used as the experimental materials, and the randomized block design was adopted. Agronomic characters such as phenology, leaf, vine, flower and yield of 18 muskmelon resources were investigated and analyzed. The diversity of agronomic characters was studied and cluster analysis was carried out. The results showed that the phenological variation coefficient ranged from 5. 24% to 15.43%, the variation coefficient of leaf agronomic characters ranged from 9.86% to 21.06%, the variation coefficient of vine agronomic characters ranged from 9.56% to17.47%, the variation coefficient of flower agronomic characters ranged from 13. 12% to 27. 17% and the yield variation coefficient ranged from 65.42% to 66.75% in these melon resources. The results of the cluster analysis showed that the 18 melon resources could be divided into five categories by phenological phase clustering, of which the first category resources had the longest female flowering period and the shortest growth period, the fifth category resources had the longest growth period. 18 melon resources could be divided into three categories by clustering the leaf and vine agronomic characters, of which the second category were robust and had strong branches. The flowering agronomic characters and yield clustering showed that the 18 melon resources could be divided into four categories, of which the second category was weak in fruit setting ability and the fourth type had high yield with an average fruit weight of 2.58 kg. Resources No. 3, No. 7 and No. 8 could be preferred as parent materials when new varieties of melon that were suitable for facility cultivation and early maturing were breeded. And when new varieties of melon that were suitable for facility cultivation, late maturing and high yield were breeded, No. 10 resources could be preferred as parent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve and optimize the directional cultivation technology and clarify its production effectiveness, a field comparative experiment was conducted between the directional cultivation and traditional smash-ridging technology to explore the impacts of directional cultivation on the yield, quality, and taste of Dioscorea opposita. The experiment was repeated in three producing areas of Dioscorea opposita in Jiangsu Province. The results showed that the directional cultivation significantly increased the tuber biomass of individual plant and the content of total saponin in Dioscorea opposita tubers. The delicacy of the tuber taste decreased and the hardness increased under the directional cultivation conditions. Overall, the application of directional cultivation technology could improve the yield and functional quality of Dioscorea opposita tuber, and should be preferentially promoted in the areas with sticky and heavy soils, where the vertical planting and harvesting operations were hard to implement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper is a non-ferrous metal closely related to human activities, widely used in electrical engineering, light industry, machinery manufacturing, construction, and defense sectors. This study systematically analyzes the factors. affecting cathode copper quality, including anode plate physical specifications and composition, cathode plate quality, electrolyte composition, electrolyte circulation system volume, organic additive dosage, electrolyte temperature, cell load- ing quality, and short circuit handling at the cell surface. Through years of refined management and optimized control processes, the quality of cathode copper has been continuously improved. The first-pass rate of cathode copper increased from 88.16% in 2017 to 95.51 % in 2020, and the final yield of reworked cathode copper reached 99.88%, signifi- cantly enhancing the quality of cathode copper to meet high-purity standards and substantially boosting the brand image of "Zijin Copper". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] In order to provide a scientific basis for improving yield and quality of pear through nutrient optimization management in China, the current situation of farmers' conventional fertilization management and yield in pear producing area was clarified, and the effects of different nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K₂O) fertilization measures on the yield and quality were studied. [Methods] The data of 112 journal articles published from 1992 to 2022 on the effect of optimal fertilization on pear yield and quality were integrated and analyzed to study the relationship between pear yield and N, P₂O, and K₂O application rates under conventional and optimal fertilization, and targeted fertilization suggestions were put forward for the main pear producing areas based on the yield effects. [Results] From a national perspective, the average yield of pear was 31 thm and the average amounts of N, P2O5 and K₂O application rates were 453,235 and 320 kg.hm² under conventional fertilization, while the nutrient inputs were relatively high and there were large differences between the main production areas. Compared with conventional fertilization, optimizing N, P2O5 and K₂O fertilization increased fruit soluble sugar content by 5.5%-7.3%, fruit shape index by 1.5%- 1.6%, and vitamin C content by 3.0%-3.4%, and decreased total acid by 3.6%-7.3% and peel firmness by 1.4%-2.2%. Meanwhile, reducing N, P2O5 and K₂O to a certain extent was helpful to increase the yield and quality of pears. Based on this, the appropriate application intervals of N, P2O5 and K₂O could be proposed for each main production area: the optimal input in the western producing area were 292.9-390.5 kg-hm-2, 113.1-169.6 kg.hm² and 71.0-106.4 kg.hm¯², respectively; the optimal inputs in the Yangtze River Basin producing area were 289.0-385.3 kg.hm², 221.7-277.1 kg.hm² and 158.7-238.0 kg.hm², respectively; the best inputs in the Circum-Bohai Sea producing area were 228.1-342.2 kg.hm², 113.9-170.8 kg.hm² and 261.6- 348.8 kg.hm², respectively; the best inputs of the old Yellow River producing area were 258.7-388.1 kg.hm²,164.1-218.8 -2 kg.hm², and 330.1-440.1 kg.hm², respectively. [Conclusions] Optimized fertilization could synergistically improve the yield and fruit quality of pear, and the targeted fertilization recommendations based on this will also help to achieve efficient, green and sustainable development of the main pear producing areas in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The study aimed to explore the effects of four weed populations on apple photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality formation, and screen out suitable grass for planting in Zhaotong orchards. [Method] We conducted a field experiment with Fuji apples and set orchard clear-cutting as the control, and explored the effects of Artemisia absinthium(Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC), Artemisia stellate (Stellaria vestita Kurz.), Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and White-flowered cheatgrass (Trifolium repens Linn) on the leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of the fruit trees. [Result] White-flowered cheatgrass treatment could increase leaf total chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (P), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C₁), stomatal conductance(G) and carboxylation efficiency (CE), while the water use efficiency (WUE) of the fruit trees was significantly reduced. The Artemisia absinthium treatment could increase leaf G, and improve C, to a certain extent, but it would reduce the total chlorophyll content and leaf CE. Artemisia stellate treatment could increase C, and the total chlorophyll content as well as leaf transpiration rate (T,) were reduced. Ryegrass treatment significantly increased WUE and CE, but significantly reduced T. Quality aspect, the various raw grass treatments increased fruit solids content by 0.88% 13.87%, reduced reducing sugar content by 2.30% 15.71%, increased total antioxidant capacity by 10.03%-40.92%, and the ryegrass treatment reduced hydrogen peroxide content by 41.80% and superoxide anion scavenging capacity by 12.92%, as compared to clear tillage. Using fuzzy membership function analysis, the comprehensive evaluation value of clear tillage, white clover, mugwort, stellaria and ryegrass were 0.4858, 0.6044, 0.5548, 0.4894 and 0.6059, respectively. [Conclusion] Different weed populations can improve the photosynthetic capacity of fruit leaves and improve fruit quality to a certain extent. Scientific evaluation of four weed populations is beneficial to screen out more reasonable grass types in orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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