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Objective To evaluate the potential causal relationship between blood metabolites and the risk of heart failure by two-sample Mendelian randomization. Methods Based on a genome-wide association study containing 486 blood metabolites, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) independently associated with blood metabolites was selected as instrumental variables. The heart failure data were derived from the Genome-Wide Association Study of the Molecular Epidemiology Research Consortium for Therapeutic Targets in Heart Failure. The potential causal relationship between them was analyzed by inverse variance weighting method, MR-Egger regression method, and weighted median method, and the sensitivity analysis was performed using MR-Egger regression intercept, Cochran Q test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out method. Results In total 7 516 SNP associated with blood metabolites were selected as instrumental variables. The results of inverse variance weighting analysis showed that pantothenic acid was associated with heart failure (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.63). Sensitivity analysis results indicated that the results were robust. Conclusion This study suggests that there is a positive causal relationship between pantothenic acid and the risk of heart failure, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and drug targets of heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Based on non-targeted metabolomics approach, the metabolites in colostrum and mature milk of Holstein cows were identified and analyzed. [Method] Twelve healthy perinatal Holstein cows with similar age, body condition, expected delivery date and parity were selected and milk was collected at 1 h and 21 d after delivery. Then, milk was centrifuged and whey proteins were collected and marked s colostrum group (C_0) and mature milk group (C_21). Metabonomics technology was used to analyze whey of colostrum group and mature milk group. Combined with orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and student t test, differential metabolites were screened based on variable importance in projection (VIP)> 1 with significant differences (P<0.05), and then cluster analysis, significant difference metabolite screening and KEGG pathway analysis were performed. [Result] A total of 97 differential metabolites were screened from colostrum group (C_0) and mature milk group (C_21) of Holtein cows. The contents of most metabolites in colostrum group were higher than that in mature milk group. The differential metabolite random forest map showed that the top nine metabolites with significant difference were aconitic acid, limoconic acid, gentian acid, pantothenic acid, taurine, oxyglutaric acid, citric acid, 6'sialic lactose and spermine. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the 8 major metabolic pathways were synthesis and degradation of ketones, taurine and hypoxanthine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and butyric acid metabolism. [Conclusion] The contents of lipid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolites in colostrum of Holstein cows were higher than those in mature milk, while the contents of carbohydrate metabolites in mature milk were higher than those in colostrum. The differences in metabolite levels between colostrum and mature milk obtained in this study provided a basis for subsequent research on metabolite mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aimed to optimize the determination conditions of pantothenic acid content in infant milk powder by microbiological method and provide test data for the subsequent revision of the national standard method for pantothenic acid detection. Methods: The issues covering the determination of pantothenic acid by the national standard method were analyzed, and the key steps in the detection process, including bacterial solution preparation, pretreatment, and absorbance determination, were emphatically studied. Results: Lactobacillus plantarum from ATCC and CICC can be used to determine pantothenic acid. The best results were obtained by directly inoculating 80% bacterial solution concentration into the test tube, or adding 5 mL bacterial solution to 400 mL sterilization test medium. The results of direct extraction were higher than that of hydrolysis. The relative deviation of enzymole-plate and UV spectrophotometry was less than 5%. The recovery rate was 96.9%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 4.95%. Conclusion: The optimization of the key steps in the determination of pantothenic acid by microbiological method can simplify the operation process and improve the accuracy of the samples, and the optimized conditions can be used as a reference for the subsequent revision of the National standard method for pantothenic acid determination.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the brain-absorption components of Liuwei Dihuang pills by applying ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole rod-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technique, and to explore the core targets, key pathways and other potential mechanisms of these components in improving learning and memory abilities of D-galactose ( D-gal ) model rats based on network pharmacology and extracorporal validation experiments. METHODS: The model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose 250 mg / ( kg·d ). The experiments were divided into the blank group, model group and administration group [ Liuwei Dihuang pills, 1. 62 g / (kg·d)]. The learning and memory abilities of rats in each group were evaluated by two behavioral experiments including new object recognition and Morris water maze; the morphology of hippocampal neurons in each group was observed by hematoxylin-eosin ( HE) staining; fast recognition and identification of chemical components were conducted on the cerebrospinal fluid samples of blank rats and rats treated with Liuwei Dihuang pills by UPLC-Q-TOFMS technique, so as to determine the prototype brain-absorption components of Liuwei Dihuang pills. The potential effect targets of the brain-absorption components of Liuwei Dihuang pills were predicted through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Swiss Target Prediction database, the Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related disease targets were screened through the therapeutic target database and GeneCards databases, the intersection of drug component targets and disease targets was taken to draw the Venn diagram, the STRING was used to construct the protein-protein interaction network model, and the Cytoscape 3. 7. 2 software was used to construct the “ brain-absorption components-target-AD” network diagram of Liuwei Dihuang pills, the Metascape database was used to perform gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis on the intersecting targets, the key pathways were analyzed. Through the extracorporal cell experiment, the effects of cerebrospinal fluid of Liuwei Dihuang pills on the proliferation rate in D-gal damaged PC12 cells and the levels of β-amyloid ( Aβ)1-42, reactive oxygen species ( ROS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-HT) and dopamine ( DA) were detected. RESULTS: Liuwei Dihuang pills can significantly up-regulated the new object recognition index, the number of platform crossing and dwell time of target quadrant, and significantly shorten the localization latency in the model group rats, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 01), and restored hippocampal neuron morphology. By the data analysis, seven prototype brain-absorption components were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats treated with Liuwei Dihuang pills, including monosidine, ( -)-quinic acid, ferulic acid, paeoniflorin, pantothenic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and uridine. Totally 102 potential effect targets of the brain-absorption components of Liuwei Dihuang pills were screened out through network pharmacology, which shared 47 common targets with AD; 44 GO signaling pathways and 14 KEGG signaling pathways were obtained, which were closely related to Aβ deposition, Tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, energy metabolism and neurotransmitter levels. The results of extracorporal ell experiments showed that the cerebrospinal fluid of Liuwei Dihuang pills can significantly increased the proliferation rate of D-gal damaged PC12 cells, 5-HT and DA levels, and significantly decreased Aβ1-42, ROS and IL-6 levels, with statistically significant differences ( P < 0. 01). CONCLUSIONS: Liuwei Dihuang pills has improved learning and memory abilities of D-gal model rats, and its effects may be achieved by the brain-absorption components of Liuwei Dihuang pills through inhibiting Aβ deposition, Tau protein phosphorylation and oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, improving impaired energy metabolism and regulating neurotransmitter levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By simulating barley cultivation in Pb-contaminated area, this study used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics technology, combined with multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and hierarchical clustering analysis to explore the metabolic pathway of Pb in barley and its influence on the dynamic changes of barleymetabolites. Two groups of samples of barley at seedling stage (CMQ) and Pb-stressed CMQ (CMQPb) were selected in the experiment. A total of 84 metabolites were identified, and 60 differential metabolites were obtained by screening the significant metabolites (p<0.05). It was found that Pb stress had a great influence on the contents of organic acids and their derivatives, polyphenols, polyamines, lipids and lipid-like molecules in barley. These results indicate that Pb stress had a certain impact on the nutritional components of barley seedlings. Through the analysis of KEGG metabolic pathway, it was found that Pb stress had the greatest impact on β-alanine metabolism. The four differential metabolites of β-alanine, dihydrouracil, pantothenic acid and uracil are of great significance for the differential metabolic analysis of barley under Pb stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have confirmed that L-carnitine, pantothenic acid, coenzymeQ10and other nutritional factors can improve the body’s energy metabolism, which are essential components in the energy conversion process. Whether a combination of these three nutritional factors produces better protection against exercise fatigue is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the combined use of L-carnitine, pantothenic acid, and coenzymeQ10can improve exercise-induced fatigue in mice, the best combination and the mechanism of improvement in exercise-induced fatigue. METHODS: (1) Animal grouping: Using the principle of orthogonal design, 90 male ICR mice were divided into 10 groups according to different nutritional factors (L-carnitine (A), pantothenic acid (B), and coenzymeQ10(C)), different dosages (dose 1: no use; dose 2: therapeutic dose; dose 3: three times the therapeutic dose), and whether to swim training or not (D). Another 10 mice were enrolled in exercise control group. (2) Establishment of an aerobic exerciseinduced fatigue model: All the mice swam for 1 hour with 5% weight per day, 6 days a week, for 6 weeks. At the end of the 5th week, the mice in the former nine groups were performed with an exhaustion swimming and the exhaustion time was recorded. Nutritional factors were administered by oral gavage 1 hour before exercise. (3) Detection index: There were three experimental groups: normal control group, exercise control group, and exercise+pantothenic acid+Q10 group (exercise+nutritional factor group with the longest duration of exhaustion). At 24 hours after the end of 6-week exercise, the levels of blood urea nitrogen, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde in serum and muscle tissue were detected. This experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Yangzhou University on September 15, 2019. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Effects on weight-bearing swimming exhaustion time were ranked as follows: exercise > pantothenic acid > coenzymeQ10> L-carnitine. The group with the longest exhaustion time was A1B3C3D2 combination (exercise+nutritional factor group). (2) The blood urea nitrogen level of the exercise control group was significantly higher than the normal control group (P < 0.05). The blood urea nitrogen level of exercise+nutritional factor group was significantly lower than that of the exercise control group (P < 0.01). (3) The superoxide dismutase levels in serum and muscle tissue of the exercise control group were significantly lower than those of the normal control group (both P < 0.01). The superoxide dismutase levels in serum and muscle tissue of the exercise+nutritional factor group were significantly higher than those of the exercise control group (both P < 0.05). (4) The malondialdehyde levels in serum and muscle tissue of the exercise control group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group (both P < 0.05). The malondialdehyde levels in serum and muscle tissue of the exercise+nutritional factor group were significantly lower than those of the exercise control group (both P < 0.05). To conclude, exercise combined with pantothenic acid+nutritional factors strengthens the body's antioxidant capacity and reduces oxidative stress levels, thereby prolonging exercise time and delaying the occurrence of exercise-induced fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the curative effect of Yueju pill combined with Ziwuliuzhu point opening therapy in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) with anxiety and depression and its influence on serum gastrin and pepsinogen. Methods: 150 cases of functional dyspepsia with anxiety and depression admitted to the Nanjing First Hospital and Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University from July 2017 to July 2020 were selected. They were randomly divided into control group (n=75, conventional western medicine treatment) and study group (n=75, Yueju pill combined with Ziwuliuzhu point opening therapy on the basis of the control group) by random number table method. The course of treatment was 4 weeks. The clinical efficacy of the two groups after 4 weeks of treatment was compared, anxiety and depression, serum gastrin and pepsinogen levels and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores were compared between the two groups before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results: The clinical total effective rate of the control group was 76.00% 57/75, which was lower than 92.00% 69/75 of the study group (P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the scores of main syndromes (abdominal distension, stomachache, anorexia), secondary syndromes (costal distension, belching, pantothenic acid, nausea and vomiting, dysphoria, fatigue, greasy mouth coating, loose stool) scores of the two groups were decreased, and the study group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the scores of Zung self rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Zung self rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) in the two groups were decreased, and the study group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, serum gastrin, pepsinogen-1 and pepsinogen-2 levels in the two groups were increased, and the study group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Ziwuliuzhu acupoint opening therapy combined with Yueju pill in the treatment of FD patients with anxiety and depression can effectively improve the anxiety and depression status and clinical symptoms of patients, improve the serum gastrin, pepsinogen-1, pepsinogen-2 levels, and which can significantly improve the clinical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects and possible mechanisms of Chaishao Humo Decoction combined with mosapride in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. Methods: Selected 70 cases of patients with reflux esophagitis who were treated in our hospital from December 2016 to December 2018, and divided into two groups randomly. The control group was treated with mosapride,5 mg each time, tid; the observation group was treated with Chaishao humo Decoction and mosapride. The clinical effect after treatment,the severity of pantothenic acid, heartburn, abdominal distention, belching, hiccup, depression, good rest, loss of appetite and noise and the changes of the levels of plasma motilin and serum gastrin before and after treatment were compared between two groups. Results:After treatment, the effective rate in the observation group was 91.43%, significantly higher than that in the control group(71.43%,P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of pantothenic acid, heartburn, abdominal distention, belching, hiccup, depression, good rest, loss of appetite and noise in both groups were significantly reduced compared with before treatment(P<0.05). The scores of the above symptoms in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The levels of plasma motilin and serum gastrin in both groups were significantly increased after treatment compared with before treatment(P<0.05), and the levels of above indicators in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P <0.05). Conclusion: Chaishao humo Decoction combined with mosapride can effectively improve the symptoms of reflux esophagitis. Its mechanism may be related to increasing the expression of plasma motilin and serum gastrin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between peripheral blood micronutrient levels and 4 kinds of oral mucosal diseases (minor recurrent aphthous ulcer, angular cheilitis, cheilitis and geographic tongue) in children aged 0~14 years., Methods: One hundred and fifty-two children with oral mucosal lesions (COML) and 65 healthy children (health control group, HC) were included. The clinical data of each group were recorded separately to compare whether there existed differences in the levels of serum water-soluble vitamins (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, C), serum fat-soluble vitamins [vitamins A, E, K, 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3], zinc and serum calcium. Whether peripheral blood micronutrients were risk factors associated with the onset of COML was analyzed through disorder multiclass logistic regression with SPSS 23.0 software package., Results: Peripheral blood micronutrients differed in children with minor recurrent aphthous ulcers, cheilitis, and geographic tongue (P＜0.05). Compared with HC group, children in minor recurrent aphthous ulcer group had significantly lower levels of vitamin B1, B6, B7, C, A, and 25(OH)D3 (P＜0.05), and relatively higher rates of vitamin B6 (50.00% vs 13.85%), vitamin B7 (36.76% vs 9.23%), 25(OH)D3 (64.71% vs 36.92%) deficiency and vitamin K excess (8.82% vs 0.00%)(P＜0.005). Multiclass logistic regression analysis showed that vitamin B1, vitamin C, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin B5, and vitamin K excess were risk factors for incidence in children with minor recurrent aphthous ulcer, and each element was independent for each other. Compared with HC group, the levels of vitamin B7 and 25(OH)D3 in children with cheilitis were significantly lower(P＜0.05), and the rate of vitamin B7 deficiency was significantly higher (P＜0.005). Multiclass logistic regression analysis showed that vitamin B7 and vitamin A deficiency were risk factors for cheilitis in children, and the two were independent for each other. Compared with the HC group, vitamin K excess rate was significantly higher in children with geographic tongue (7.14% vs 0.00%) (P＜0.005). Multiclass logistic regression analysis showed that vitamin C deficiency and vitamin K excess were risk factors for the incidence of geographic tongue, and the two were independent for each other. Compared with other groups, peripheral blood micronutrients had no correlation with the pathogenesis of angular cheilitis (P＞0.05)., Conclusions: The occurrence of COML is closely related to peripheral blood micronutrient levels, which suggests that children with COML need to monitor vitamin and mineral levels and supplement treatment when necessary.

Calluses were induced from various explants (flower, stem, bud and squama) of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma and compared with each other. The result showed that the inducement rate of ovary and stem were higher than that of other explants which the inducement time was short and the characters of calluses were good. The effect of basal culture medium added hormone on callus reproduction was also studied. The result showed that B5 culture medium added 1 mg/L IBA and 2 mg/L 6-BA was optimal.