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Copyright of Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre & Folklore / Mínsú Qǔyì is the property of Shih Ho-Cheng Folk Culture Foundation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Poyang Lake is the property of Journal of Poyang Lake Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A summary and prospect of "Operation Smile". In 1990, the public welfare charity activity of "Operation Smile" was initiated by Dr. Han Kai and other doctors, and it has provided free clinics for more than 30 000 poor children with congenital cleft lip and palate since its launch. With the continuous development of reform and open policy, and in response to the hygiene and health policy in the new period, the practice of "Operation Smile" has been fruitful and entered an accelerated period. More high-level doctors joined our volunteer team to improve the physical and psychological conditions of poor children through well-experienced repair surgery. We shall always remain true to the original aspiration to contribute to the medical charity of our motherland continuously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous curved vertebroplasty is a modified surgical method of percutaneous vertebroplasty; the most prominent feature of which is that it can make the bone cement distributed symmetrically and balance the strength on both sides of the vertebral body. In theory, it can ensure the distribution of bone cement in the vertebral body, and solve the problem that the uneven distribution of bone cement in the traditional percutaneous vertebroplasty and single injection leads to poor pain relief effect in the fracture area. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous curved vertebroplasty and percutaneous vertebroplasty bone cement injection in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, and to discuss the value of percutaneous curved vertebroplasty in clinical application. METHODS: Seventy patients with single vertebral osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures from the Third Affiliated Hospital of AnHui Medical University between 2017 and 2018 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Percutaneous curved vertebroplasty group (n=35) received treatment with percutaneous curved vertebroplasty. Percutaneous vertebroplasty group (n=35) received treatment with percutaneous vertebroplasty. Distribution and leakage of bone cement were observed in the two groups. Visual analogue scale score and Oswestry disability index were assessed preoperatively and 1 day postoperatively. Postoperative follow-up was conducted for 1 year to observe the recovery of the height of the anterior edge of the injured vertebra and the occurrence of adjacent vertebral fractures. The trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the percutaneous vertebroplasty group, the distribution of bone cement was more uniform and satisfactory (P < 0.05), and the leakage rate of bone cement was lower in the percutaneous curved vertebroplasty group (P < 0.05). (2) Both the visual analogue scale score and Oswestry disability index of the two groups at 1 day after surgery were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (P < 0.05). The improvement of Oswestry disability index of the percutaneous curved vertebroplasty group was better than that of the percutaneous vertebroplasty group (P < 0.05). (3) The height of the anterior edge of the injured vertebral body of the two groups improved significantly one year after surgery comparad with that before surgery (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) There was no significant difference in the incidence of adjacent vertebral fractures between the two groups (P > 0.05). (5) The results showed that comparad with the treatment of percutaneous vertebroplasty, the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures by percutaneous curved vertebroplasty can reduce the rate of bone cement leakage and improve the quality of life of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the background of smart grid, in connection of the shortage of fossil energy and the high pressure of peak-time power supply, this paper developed a method of complementary power supply of photovoltaic and fossil fuel. It constructed a real- time pricing model of user-side microgrid based on social welfare maximization. In the model, the power supplier coordinated the two types of energy sources by real-time pricing. Besides, this paper designed a real-time pricing algorithm to solve the model. The simulation results show that compared with the large power grid using fossil energy alone, the complementary power supply mode can effectively reduce the power supply of fossil energy and electricity price in peak time slots, and enhance the social welfare. The method offers a reference for the effective management of smart grid in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The resource and environment carrying capacity is the basis for strategy decision-making of regional development, especially the optimization of spatial development strategy. In recent years, it has played a pivotal role in guiding regional sustainable development, land planning, urbanization, post- disaster reconstruction planning, and industrial planning. At the same time, clarifying the interaction mechanism between regional resource- environment and production- living factors is the basis of the evaluation of resource and environment carrying capacity. Based on PSR model, this paper presents the conjugation- wrestling theoretical mechanism of resources- environment and production- living, which divides the carrying capacity into four pairs of interaction forces, i.e., support- sensitive point, recovery- fragile point, destruction- critical point and development- equilibrium point. Then it presents DENS model including four dimensions, namely development, environment and disaster, natural resource and ecology, and social welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real-time pricing mechanism is an ideal method of the smart grid in the future. Based on the social welfare maximization model, the real-time pricing strategy of smart grid is studied in this paper. According to the working characteristics of appliances, appliances are divided into three categories, which are must-run appliances, elastic appliances and semi-elastic appliances. For the coupling property about time of power consumption of elastic and semi-elastic appliance, a multi-time slots model is established. The multi-time slots model is decomposed into a set of single-time slot optimization problems by the relaxation method. Based on the theory of duality, a distributed algorithm is proposed. The real-time electricity price is obtained. In this algorithm, users do not need to disclose their specific power consumption information to the energy suppliers and other users, which protects users' personal privacy. Numerical simulation verifies the rationality of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Taiwan Economic Forecast & Policy is the property of Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan Economic Forecast & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wuhan University Journal (Philosophy & Social Sciences) / Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Zhexue Shehui Kexue Ban) is the property of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author introduced the textile recycling system in USA, and pointed out that charities and high technology grading companies were very important in textile recycling. There are many waste textile generated each year in China. To effectively exploit waste textile, we should set up a curbside recycling system. Neighborhood committee and high technology grading companies will play important roles in textile recycling, and second-hand clothing market will improve the utilization of waste textile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strengthen information disclosure charity is a moral requirement, is survival requires charitable organizations, is regulatory needs to strengthen charitable activities, but also requirements of philanthropy of public participation. However, the establishment of a charitable organization is currently no information disclosure system, the presence of poor disclosure of information channels, the overall proportion of low information disclosure, incomplete disclosure, the disclosure of the information is inaccurate, untimely disclosure time problem. Charitable organizations in our reform, should be "detailed, accurate and comprehensive" principle, to expand the scope of information disclosure through the Internet and other modern information platform, strengthening consciously disclosed. At the same time should also accept the state organs, the third-party organizations and public supervision, strictly implement the responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1990s', Chinese NGO' s burgeoning development has attracted much attention from both the overseas and Chinese domestic academia, which shows a general shift of research focus from structural debates of the "State-NGO" relationships to exploration of NGOsy specific action strategies. However, as one of the key phenomenon of Chinese NGOs' growth and development, the issue of NGO collaboration has not been richly tapped on. Taking NGOs' joint disaster relief action during the Wenchuan Earthquake as the study case, this research tends to explore the "incompleteness" of NGO collaboration in China. It is contended that incomplete collaboration is a subjectively selected action strategy by NGOs when faced with externally institutional and internally organizational limitations. The strategic mechanisms of NGO incomplete collaboration are demonstrated by self-constrained joint action objects, organizations' limited engagement in the alliances and flexible organizing forms of alliances. The incomplete collaboration is induced by limited political opportunities, informal NGO networks and incomplete corporative willingness of NGOs. The authors further point out that, within the general limited political environment of authoritarian China, it is this kind of incomplete collaboration that enables NGOs, alliance during the disaster relief, which shows effectiveness of the action strategy. Meanwhile, because of its incompleteness, incomplete collaboration also leads to the fragility and weak internal control of NGO alliance, which shows the limitations of the action strategy. More stable and lasting NGOs' corporation in the future calls for other collaborative models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the laws on charitable donation are imperfect in China. In particular, the deficiency of charitable donation balance ownership has made it a focal issue. The process of charitable donation tends to be rather complicated legally in that it involves three parties--the donor, the recipient and the beneficiary. However, the legal nature of charitable donation is the premise for determining the donation balance ownership. Based on the legal nature, charitable donation should be defined as altruistic donation contract, thus ascertaining the principle for charitable donation balance ownership principle of agreement priority and approximation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donation from the mass residents have become an important force in promoting public charity cause; therefore, analysis of the influencing factors in urban residents' donation under macro social background may provide valuable reference for advancing public charity cause. The present author makes an attempt of that against the Social Capital Theory by taking the relevant data out of the representative method of sampling from the Chinese residents' public welfare behavior. It is found that the donation behavior may be affected by individuals' social capital stock under the control of such variables as sex, age, education level, marriage state, community residential time, sense of living happiness, healthy state, family economy, and communal service. To be specific, the social capital concerning social relation network and social trust have a forward function upon the donation behavior: for those who have a wide participation in social activity and more-social relations tend to donate more; and the increase of social trust will also add to the increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has witnessed a rapid development in the individual charity donation cause; it is therefore necessary to launch a profound investigation of the behavior per se. The paper adopts the Tobit Model to study the influence of the social economical status of China's urban citizens upon their charity donation behaviors. The statistic results show that there is a positive relation in between. That is, those who own a bachelor degree donate more than those who do not; however, the influence may vary according to donation domains. Meanwhile, the increase of income may also lead up to increasing the amount, but those who have less income may donate more than those who have the average income, which suggests a U model between the donation amount and the work income. Furthermore, profession and donation also have a positive relation, which may result from the "working unit people'" effect that still exists in China. That is, institutional mobilization factors maintain a salient force in donation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of voluntary behavior among Chinese urban residents have important implications to understanding the development of citizenship and the future development of philanthropy sector in China. This article, which is based on a nationwide survey, studies the relationship between human capital, i. e. education level, economic status and health conditions, and voluntary behavior in China. It is found that 37% of the respondents have participated in voluntary activities in the past year. Among them, the better educated and healthier respondents are more likely to have participated in these activities. The results are statistically significant. However, citizens' economic conditions appear to have a negative relationship with the likelihood of engaging in voluntary activities. Better-off citizens are less likely to participate in voluntary activities. This phenomenon may be caused by increased opportunity costs for the better-off citizens. It might also mean that, despite improved economic conditions, the sense of citizenship and social responsibility has yet to grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inequality measurement of income distribution is a basic question in welfare economics. Firstly, This article applies four basic principles of inequality measurements to the welfare function, inequality index and inequality measurement for Quasi-Ordering. The research shows that three kinds of measures are to meet the principle of population, symmetry and homogeneity. And then, it applies the transnational in variance to inequality index and inequality measurement for Quasi-Ordering, and draws a conclusion: under certain conditions, the individual utility and relying rank of social welfare function have equivalent properties to the Quasi-Ordering of inequality index. The above research conclusions provide a new theoretical basis for inequality measurement of income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The charitable efforts made by those people demonstrating great compassion to the poor and marginal groups reflect the kindness of human nature and also the degree of civilization of society. Charity should be about the voluntary engagement of all people instead of a public affair promoted only by the government. Therefore, the issue on how to mobilize citizens into charitable engagement is more significant than the issue of how governmental agents promote charitable activities. With this understanding, we expose the problems in the operation of a state-directed system in China as it relates to charity. At present, this system plays a dominant role in determining the developmental process of charity in China. However, this system also suffers from widespread criticism among the public through channels like mass media due to various charity-related incidents that have occurred recently. This study explores the resolutions to these problems and concludes that strengthening civic organizations is the main way of enhancing charity in China. This study looks at the development of charitable organizations and the donation levels in China, but stresses that this development is accompanied with many incidents that have resulted in a strong sense of distrust among the public towards state-affiliated charitable organizations. This feeling of distrust was widely reported in the mass media after the " Guo Meimei" incident and has had a strong influence on people's views towards the strategy of development on charity. To deal with these issues, this work examines the charity situation in contemporary China through empirical studies based on data collected from opinion surveys and through social investigation into the behavioral orientations of these charitable organizations. Accordingly, this analysis consists of three dimensions of study in regard to the value, organizational features and the institutional features of this state-led charity system. We argue that the value system that influences people's view on charity has gradually transformed into a new value system that is in support of public management in charitable efforts. Thus, it is not so much as a value issue but rather an organizational and institutional issue that has resulted in limited public participation in making donations. It is for these organizational reasons that some people complain that it is the lack of transparency in charitable efforts as being the major barrier for this development, but this study maintains that it is the shortcomings of this state-led charity system that is the major obstacle as it restricts the roles of NGOs to perform their charitable actions. Furthermore, by deploying a functional analysis about this state-led system of charitable organizations, the study illustrates several by-functions of the system on the development of charitable activities of civil organizations. This paper argues that there is a crucial need for the state to reform this system in order to modify the role of state in charitable operations. This should be the precondition for coming up with ways to further this development. Through analysis, the study raises policy proposals for strengthening the role of civil agents in the development of charity in China. In order to do so, it is very important to correct a popular viewpoint about the nature of charity; namely that it is an extension of social assistance and therefore should be undertaken by the state. Thus, with a goal of empowering civil agents in charitable efforts, we argue for a change in the governmental function in civil administration in the field of charity. The NGOs should have a space for development in the sphere of charity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moderate universal welfare model is the appropriate mode in building a well-off society and in a socialist harmonious society in China. According to a different division of the social welfare model, by examining the oldest old allowance policy in China and abroad, estimating the financial ability and analyzing the traditional culture and national conditions, this paper proposes a model of the moderate allowance for the oldest old as a part of the universal welfare model in China. In this process, the government should be a responsible subject to guide people to have a correct understanding of it and to encourage enterprises to actively take up social responsibility, so as to improve the social welfare organization and philanthropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It's both theoretical and practical meaning to study on the legal nature of charitable legal person. The legal nature of charitable legal person has been transferred from to private during its development. At present, public power has departed in most countries and charitable organization is the legal person of private law. However, the charitable legal person in China still has maintained the public power, which must be corrected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of Chinese religions and its sole access to society is realized by social charity or by social assistance. Correspondingly, Chinese religions have achieved some transition and improvement by practicing social helping and public charity undertaking. At present stage, Chinese religions can offer self--service for the development of our economic society and play a role in social coordination. As far as Chinese religions are concerned, this paper holds that donations should be combined with social reconstructions, ending up building a new charity notion--social charity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was found that a variety of plagues were prevalent in Shanghai at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, by analysing and synthesising the epidemic situation, the causes of the epidemic, the social impact, and prevention and control measures. These plagues led to serious social harm and economic losses. Their causes were believed closely related to some factors, such as urban environment, population flow, and climate changes. Their prevention appeared to be applicable and effective. The Shanghai concession and Chinese authorities organised society to fight against plagues and stabilise the social order. Charity organisations of the local communities were also involved in social support. It was found that more can be done in studies on interdisciplinary synthesis, comparative study of epidemic prevention measures of managers, and of traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment.

The Putuo Mountain, as one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China, has a long history with Buddhist medicine. Buddhist medicine at Putuo Mountain was developed extensively in the late Qing Dynasty and was shaped with a variety of characteristics resulting in some great achievements. Hua Yu Tang, as a Chinese medicine clinic, was established by the Fa Yu Temple at the end of the Qing Dynasty. After that, Yi De Ji was written by Xin Chan, a Buddhist physician. Some medical hospitals, such as Pu Ji Hospital, and drug stores were also opened to serve people, and commonly did charity when there were epidemic or natural hazard outbreaks.Buddhist medicine was almost bogged down after the establishment of the New China. It has been well developed, however, since the 80s last century, through processes such as the operation of hospitals funded by Buddhist Associations and helping people in trouble in epidemic and natural hazard.The review of the Buddhist medicine at Putuo Mountain is meaningful to understand the significance of Buddhist medicine and also helpful to inherit traditional cultures.

In traditional society, medical charity had strong moral and educational purposes. But this pursuit of morality faded away in modern times. As to the charity purpose, unlike the medical charity organizations that were eager to rebuild the morality and public ethics, instead, more and more interests were paid to utilitarian consideration and secular benefits. As to the social function of charity, "diseases" were no longer regarded as the extension of "poverty" , but the most direct index of rehabilitation. Medical activities became increasingly simple and developed towards professionalization, leading to the advent, to certain extent, of modern medical system. Medical charity, as a strategic approach for saving the nation and social reform, went beyond moral education, embodying national responsibility and political intention.

Since the Song Dynasty, morality books aiming at guiding agaisnst evil and persuading charity, spread widely in the civil society. Many medical issues were categorized as encouraging kindness, hence, the thought of encouraging kindness was gradually infiltrated into the development of medical and health services. For the dissemination of medical knowledge, medical formulary became the favorite to well-doers because of its practicability in curing diseases and saving lives. Therefore, the thought of encouraging kindness infiltrated into the compilation, carving and spread of many medical formularies. The thought of encouraging kindness not only rendered a lot of doctors throw their whole life into the cause, but also attracted groups such as Confucian scholars, officers, scholar-officials and many organizations such as benevolent society, benevolent association, bookshop and publishing house to join in, thus increasing the entities of spreaders, expanding the range for the spread of medical knowledge and promoting the popularization and utilization of medical knowledge in grass-root society and remote area, which was helpful in dealing with the social problems such as shortage of medical resources and its uneven distribution.