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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of selective curettage when apical lesions are adjacent or involved to important structures in endodontic microsurgery (EMS). Methods A total of 264 patients who underwent EMS in the Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects. The cases of EMS were divided into selective curettage group (SC-EMS) and conventional curettage group (C-EMS). In SC-EMS group, patients with apical lesions involving or adjacent to important structures (mental foramen, mandibular neural tube, nasopalatine neural canal, maxillary sinus, nasal base and adjacent vital pulp teeth) were included, and the adjacent areas around important structures were selectively cureted. In C-EMS group, patients with apical lesions adjacent to important structures were treated with conventional apical curettage. The postoperative follow-up was 12 months, and the postoperative symptoms and imaging examinations of the patients were observed, and the efficacy was evaluated. The failure cases were examined after tooth extraction and preoperative pathological review to analyze the causes of failure. Results The success rate of SC-EMS group is 90.2%, and the success rate of C-EMS group is 95.4%. The rate of success in C-EMS group was higher, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups(P>0.05). Root fracture is the important causes for the failure of the two groups. There were 6 cases of short-term discomfort and 2 cases of long-term discomfort after SC-EMS. The C-EMS group didn’t meet any short-term or long-term discomfort case. Conclusion Selective curettage has no significant effect on the success rate of EMS surgery, and is an effective method to protect important structures during surgery. Short-term discomfort may occur after surgery, and irreversible pulp damage of adjacent teeth occurs in a few cases.

Angiotension converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from high-temperature sesame meal protein hydrolyzed by subcritical water were separated and purified by sequential nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography, and their structures were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The ACE inhibitory activity was verified using the synthetic oligopeptides. The absorption and metabolism characteristics of the oligopeptides were predicted, a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model was established, and molecular docking analysis was carried out. The peptide fraction with molecular mass less than 3 kDa had the strongest ACE inhibitory effect. After further purification, nine ACE inhibitory peptides were identified from peak 1. These peptides could not interfere with the normal physiological activities of the human body. The 3D-QSAR model for LFRAF was successfully established using the comparative molecular force field analysis (CoMFA) method. The positively charged amino acid residues and the introduced large groups on the side chain at the C-terminus of the ACE inhibitory peptides could improve their activity. LFRAF occupied the S2 and S1’ active pockets of the ACE peptides and bund to Zn2+ to inhibit ACE activity. These results indicate that it is feasible to use subcritical water technology to degrade high-temperature sesame meal proteins to prepare ACE inhibitory peptides.

Taking the black sesame compound honey pill as the research object, the acid value and peroxide value are used as evaluation indicators to investigate the influence of different storage temperatures on its quality; on this basis, the shelf life of the black sesame compound honey pill under naked packaging conditions is predicted by constructing an Arrhenius model. In order to further extend the shelf life, four different packaging forms were set up to package the black sesame compound honey pill, and the effects of different packaging methods on its storage quality such as moisture, texture, and physical and chemical properties were investigated at the same time. The results showed that: compared with the control group, nitrogen filling, shelling and wax sealing have a certain effect on preventing the black sesame compound honey pill from decreasing moisture and increasing hardness and acid value. The packaging form of wax paper + pill shell + wax seal + tin foil paper + polyethylene plastic bag has the best effect. The research results provide a reference for the storage of honey pill products.

Objective To analyze the research status of nursing sensitivity indicators in China, and identify possible problems, so as to provide reference for future related research. Methods bliometric analysis method was used to review the existing literature, and CNKI-CJFD, Wanfang Database and CBMdisc were used as data sources to search the related researches of nursing sensitive indicators, and analyze the publication date, region, author, fund support, journals and keywords. Results A total of 572 valid documents on nursing sensitive indicators were retrieved and published in 149 journals. The number of published documents showed an increasing trend, but the fund papers were low, the degree of interdisciplinary was poor, and the quality of documents needed to be improved. Conclusion The research on nursing sensitive indicators has gradually attracted the attention of researchers, and the research quality, breadth and depth, scientific systematicness and other aspects need to be further studied. (目的 分析我国护理敏感指标的研究现状, 明确可能存在的问题, 为今后相关研究进一步提供参考。方法 应用文献计量学分析方法回顾现有文献, 以中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库为数据来源, 检索护理敏感指标相关研究的文献, 对文献年代、地区、作者、基金支持、期刊、关键词等方面进行分析。结果 检索获得572篇护理敏感指标有效文献, 发表在149种期刊上, 文献年发表量呈增长趋势, 但基金论文较低, 学科交叉程度欠佳、文献质量有待继续提高。结论 护理敏感指标相关研究逐渐受到研究人员的关注与重视, 在研究质量、广度与深度以及科学系统性等方面有待继续研究。)

Objective To explore the feasibility of picture naming training in improving naming ability of patients with semantic dementia (SD). Methods A total of 14 cases of semantic dementia whose the first symptom was semantic memory impairment were given picture naming training 30 min/time, twice a day, for 5 d from October 2018 to December 2020 at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. One day before and one day after the end of training, Picture Naming Test and Boston Naming Test (BNT) were used to evaluate the naming ability. Results After training, Picture Naming Test score (65.79 ± 34.54 vs. 49.79 ± 30.85; t = ⁃ 3.297, P = 0.001) and BNT score [6.50 (4.75, 14.00) vs. 5.00 (3.00, 11.50); Z = ⁃ 2.007, P = 0.045] were higher than before training. Conclusions Picture naming training can effectively improve the naming ability of patients with semantic dementia.

Concentrating solar power is the ideal way to solve the conflicts between energy and environment. Heat transfer and heat storage are the key links in solar thermal power generation, while molten salt is an excellent heat transfer and heat storage medium. Most of the solar thermal power stations operating at home and abroad use binary nitrates (solar salt) and ternary nitrates (Hitec). However, their low heat transfer and heat storage performance will affect the efficiency of solar energy utilization. The unique spatial structure of nanomaterials enables it to have excellent thermal conductivity and good stability. Introducing nanomaterials as additives into the nitrate molten salt system is expected to improve the thermal properties of the material such as heat transfer and heat storage, thereby improving the efficiency of solar thermal utilization and reducing the cost of power generation. In this paper, the related studies of nano metal particles, nano metal oxides, carbon nanomaterials, and other inorganic nanomaterials as doping additives in nitrate molten salt systems were reviewed. The changes in the thermal properties of molten salts after modification were discussed and the mechanism of action was explored, which can provide references for preparation of energy storage molten salt with excellent thermal properties. In the future research, the measurement of thermophysical properties, mechanism of heat transfer, quantitative structure-activity relationship and industrial pilot will be focused on, so that nitrate molten salt with excellent heat transfer and heat storage performance can be applied in the field of solar thermal power generation, which will play a more important role in the development and utilization of clean energy.

The rapid development of cross-border e-commerce, especially since Chengdu was listed as an Integrated Pilot Zone for Cross-Border E-Commerce in 2016, has led to a rising trade value of agricultural products in the metropolis. This upward trend is also attributed to the China-Europe Railway Express and the Chengdu International Aviation Hub Integrated Functional Area, two infrastructure systems that have opened more international logistics channels for agricultural products in Sichuan province. However, the development of crossborder logistics has failed to respond to the rapid growth of cross-border e-commerce for agricultural products. This problem has given rise to longer delivery cycles, higher costs, and reduced product quality, hindering the development of cross-border e-commerce for agricultural products. Currently, most research efforts are focused on selecting a logistics mode which has created an urgency is to establish a logistics system. To that end, we must utilize the opportunities and preferential policies brought about by the Belt and Road Initiative to advance the establishment of a cross-border logistics system for agricultural products, which will create more channels for selling Sichuan’s agricultural products overseas. This article analyzes the current situation of the cross-border logistics system for agricultural products produced by the province and studies the potential relationships between a logistics system and cross-border trade of agricultural products. It seeks to build a logistics system that meets the demands of cross-border transactions using economic theories focused on cross-border e-commerce and logistics. Such a logistic system will help shorten long delivery cycles, cut delivery costs, and guarantee the quality of agricultural products. Also, it can contribute to the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce of agricultural products and solve problems in developing the agricultural products logistics system of Sichuan province.

Aiming at the three assembly process difficulties of pin hole connection between cases,planetary wheel bearing,planetary gear train of wind power increasing gearbox with the technical structure of planetary closed differential transmission,the deeply analysis of the assembly technical requirement of transmission twist pin between cases,the planetary wheel bearing,planetary gear structure is carried out.The technology solution is put forward and verified.

Wind power gearbox assembly process quality has a decisive influence on the wind power gearbox assembly quality,it has important significance for improving the reliability of wind power gearbox.Aiming at the three assembly process difficulties problems of the two-stage planetary level parallel axis structure of wind power gearbox about planetary wheel,planet wheel axial momentum assurance and the measurement,body up and down box after box,surface level degree guarantee.Firstly,the deeply analysis planetary gear assembly parts matching relationship,the principle of bearing axial clearance control,the structure of rear housing,and then,the solution is put forward.Finally,the process scheme is verified.

Objective To study the clinical features of asymptomatic or subclinical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 53 children who were confirmed with asymptomatic or subclinical COVID-19, including epidemiological history, clinical typing, co-infection, time to clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid in nasopharyngeal swabs, laboratory examination results, length of hospital stay, and treatment outcome. Results The children with asymptomatic or subclinical COVID-19 accounted for 30.5% (53/174) in children with COVID-19 hospitalized in the COVID-19 ward of Wuhan Children's Hospital. All cases occurred with familial aggregation. Among the 53 children, 35 (66%) had asymptomatic infection and 18 (34%) had subclinical infection. Mycoplasma infection was found in 17 children (32%). For the 53 children, the mean time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in nasopharyngeal swabs was 9±4 days. Most laboratory markers were maintained within the normal range. The mean hospital stay was 11±4 days. Lung CT of 18 children with subclinical COVID-19 showed ground-glass opacities, linear opacities, and patchy opacities, with relatively limited lesions. Conclusions There is a high proportion of children with asymptomatic or subclinical COVID-19 among the children with COVID-19 hospitalized in the COVID-19 ward. The transmission risk of asymptomatic or subclinical COVID-19 should be taken seriously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the YMDD mutation induced by lamivudine as a component of HAART and the associated factors of mutation in HIV/HBV co-infected patients. Method We tested the YMDD sequence of hepatitis B vims in 64 HIV/HBV co-infected patients by direct sequencing. Results From 20 blood samples of HIV/HBV co-infected patients, 8 HBV YMDD mutations were detected, with the rate of 40%, in which YIDD was 2 (25%) and YVDD 6 (75%), both with rtL180M site mutation. It was found that YMDD variants had several high-frequency variation sites: rtY221F, rtT222A, rtV224I, rtN238H, rtI269L, etc. Seven cases accompanied Y221F+V224I+N238+I269L mutation in the YI/VDD+L180M mutations, and the detection rate was 87.5%. Among those HIV/HBV co-infected patients, the antiviral treatment duration of the YMDD mutation group was significantly longer than that of the group without mutation ( P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in the social demographic characteristics, routes of transmission of HIV, duration of HIV infection, liver function (ALT, AST) and immune status (CD4, CD8) at baseline, status of HCV, HBV-DNA level, or liver function and immune status at time of the last consultation between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion The rate of YMDD mutation is relatively high in HIV/HBV co-infection patients, and there are complex variation types. The drug resistance will increase with the extension of HAART treatment duration containing 3TC for YMDD mutation, thus we should give a dynamic monitoring of YMDD variation to adjust the treatment in time. YMDD mutation is not clear on the course of disease, but we should observe the liver function closely and strengthen the corresponding protective treatment timely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the prevalence of HIV/AIDS patients co-infected with HBV in some areas of Yunnan Province. Methods We collected the clinical data of 112 HIV/HBV co-infected patients in 2 cities of high AIDS incidence (Luxi and Kunming) in Yunnan province, and analyzed the prevalence of HIV and HBV co-infection. Results 112 patients infected by HIV/HBV (89 male, 23 female) were included in our study, whose mean age was 42.15 ± 10.02 years (range: 23-76 years). The rate of HIV/HBV co-infection was 4.2% in some areas of Yunnan. Sexual transmission was the main route of transmission of HIV, accounted for 55.4% (62/112) . We compared the general data of HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Luxi and Kunming, most of whom were married and middle-aged men, and received primary to secondary education, there was no significant difference between the two cities (P1=0.903; P1=0.971; P3=0.766; P4=0.168). The minority infected patients and patients infected through sexual transmission in Luxi were significantly more than those of Kunming (P1=0.001; P2=0.03). There existed significantly different routes of transmission in different infection models. Sexual transmission was the main route in HIV/HBV co-infection model and intravenous drug use was the main route in HIV/HBV/HCV co-infection model (P=0.00). Conclusions With an infection rate of 4.2%, HIV/HBV co-infection patients are common in some areas of Yunnan, so we should provide conventional detection for those HIV patients and take active measures for prevention and treatment of hepatitis virus. There is little social demography difference of HIV/HBV co-infection between Luxi and Kunming city. Different infection models have different routes of transmission. Intravenous drug use is the main route of HIV/HBV/HCV co-infection model. HCV should be the key indicator of intravenous drug users, especially for HIV-positive patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six-axis accelerometer is a kind of inertial sensors measured dynamic parameters in the field of aerospace, robots and the like, and now researches on it are still at exploratory stage at home and abroad. A new scheme of using parallel mechanism as elastic structure and piezoelectric ceramic as sensitive element of the transducer is presented. The latter is also used to serve as pure-slide pair of parallel mechanism and traditional spherical pair is replaced by flexure spherical hinge. Three co-ordinates are set at mass-block, outer shell and ground, respectively, and their analytical relationships of position and attitude are established according to the theory of multi-body system. Based on Newton-Euler method, the dynamic equation of the system was established. By introducing aided angular velocity and using quaternion to describe rotation matrix and angular velocity vector, the problem was transformed into two initial value problems of first-order ordinary differential equations which was solved by improved Euler method, thus six-axis accelerations could be entirely decoupled. Method of generalized inverse for matrix was used to treat the violated constraint problem of quaternion, and an effective revised algorithm with repeatable calculation was presented. Based on the established decoupled model and algorithm, a numerical example was computed. The results were well consistent with the simulation ones in ADAMS, and the relative error between them was acceptable. Meanwhile, the time for data processing was no more than that of sampling. At last, the experiment was done, which shows the rationality of the proposed scheme and the reliability of the mathematical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high temperature, low permeability and high water injection pressure in YAN 9 fault block reservoir in Huabei oilfield, the conventional polymer gel for profile control and flooding has some limitations in its application, so a study on reducing the solution viscosity of profile control and flooding agent of movable gel and increasing thermostability of gel is required, where amphion polymer is selected preferably through laboratory test to reduce the solution viscosity of profile control and flooding agent of movable gel, and the thermostability of gel is improved effectively by usage of cross linking agent JY-1 of water-soluble phenolic resin, added with thermal stabilizer WY. The gel is of stable performance after laboratory observation at high temperature for 90 d. The field test under the condition close to normal daily water injection volume and injection speed has been smoothly finished, with desirable stimulation effect of corresponding wells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Fault 10 in Xiliu Huabei Oilfield is featured by high temperature, middle porosity and low permeability, a hightemperature gel deep profile controlling agent with the modified phenol-formaldehyde resin as cross-linkage agent is studied on the basis of reservoir characteristics. The basic recipe is determined through the laboratory experimental study, and the influence of polymer, cross-linking agent, aid cross-linking agent and de-oxygen agent usage on gel viscosity and gelling time are observed and studied. The results indicate that the formula of gel is adapt to reservoirs with temperature at 120°c, and has the advantages of good heat stability. The initial gel viscosity is lower than 100 mPa·s and the gelling viscosity is higher than 14Pa.s. The deep modified profile agent has been used in Fault 10 Xiliu and good effect has been obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore clinical effect of closed reduction percutaneous elastic intramedullary nail assisted by arthrography in the treatment of radial neck fracture in children., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 23 children with radial neck fracture treated with arthrography assisted closed reduction and percutaneous elastic intramedullary nail internal fixation (arthrography with elastic nail group) from January 2019 to December 2022, including 12 males and 11 females, aged from 2 to 12 years old with an average of (7.36±1.89) years old;According to Judet fracture types, 14 children were type Ⅲ and 9 children were type Ⅳ. In addition, 23 children with radial neck fracture were selected from January 2015 to December 2018 who were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous elastic intramedullary nail fixation (elastic nail group), including 11 males and 12 females, aged from 2 to 14 years old with an average of (7.50±1.91) years old;Judet classification included 15 children were type Ⅲ and 8 children were type Ⅳ. Operative time and intraoperative fluoroscopy times were compared between two groups. Metaizeau evaluation criteria was used to evaluate fracture reduction, and Tibone-Stoltz evaluation criteria was used to evaluate functional recovery of elbow between two groups., Results: Both groups were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average of (16.56±6.34) months. Operative time and intraoperative fluoroscopy times of elastic nail group were (56.64±19.27) min and (21.13±7.87) times, while those of joint angiography with elastic nail group were (40.33±11.50) min and (12.10±3.52) times;there were difference between two groups ( P <0.05). According to Metaizeau evaluation, 11 patients got excellent result, 9 good and 3 fair in joint angiography with elastic nail group, while in elastic nail group, 5 excellent, 13 good, 4 acceptable, and 1 poor;the difference between two groups was statistically significant ( P <0.05). According to Tibone-Stoltz criteria, 14 patients got excellent result, 8 good, and 1 fair in joint arthrography with elastic nail group;while in elastic nail group, 12 patients got excellent result, 9 good, 1 fair and 1 poor;there was no significant difference between two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Compared to percutaneous elastic intramedullary nail fixation, closed reduction assisted by arthrography has advantages of reduced operation time, decreased intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, and improved fracture reduction. Arthrography enables clear visualization of the anatomical structures of radius, head, neck, bone, and cartilage in children, facilitating comprehensive display of fracture reduction and brachioradial joint alignment. This technique more precisely guides the depth of elastic intramedullary nail implantation in radius neck, thereby enhancing surgical efficiency and success rate.

Background: In China, lung cancer remains the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality rate. Among early-stage lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD), the micropapillary (MPP) component is prevalent and typically exhibits high aggressiveness, significantly correlating with early metastasis, lymphatic infiltration, and reduced five-year survival rates. Therefore, the study is to explore the similarities and differences between MPP and non-micropapillary (non-MPP) components in malignant pulmonary nodules characterized by GGOs in early-stage LUAD, identify unique mutational features of the MPP component and analyze the relationship between the ZNF469 gene, a member of the zinc-finger protein family, and the prognosis of early-stage LUAD, as well as its correlation with immune infiltration., Methods: A total of 31 malignant pulmonary nodules of LUAD were collected and dissected into paired MPP and non-MPP components using microdissection. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the components of early-stage malignant pulmonary nodules. Mutational signatures analysis was conducted using R packages such as maftools, Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), and Sigminer to unveil the genomic mutational characteristics unique to MPP components in invasive LUAD compared to other tumor tissues. Furthermore, we explored the expression of the ZNF469 gene in LUAD using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to investigate its potential association with the prognosis. We also investigated gene interaction networks and signaling pathways related to ZNF469 in LUAD using the GeneMANIA database and conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Lastly, we analyzed the correlation between ZNF469 gene expression and levels of immune cell infiltration in LUAD using the TIMER and TISIDB databases., Results: MPP components exhibited a higher number of genomic variations, particularly the 13th COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) mutational signature characterized by the activity of the cytidine deaminase APOBEC family, which was unique to MPP components compared to non-MPP components in tumor tissues. This suggests the potential involvement of APOBEC in the progression of MPP components in early-stage LUAD. Additionally, MPP samples with high similarity to APOBEC signature displayed a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), indicating that these patients may be more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. The expression of ZNF469 was significantly upregulated in LUAD compared to normal tissue, and was associated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients (P<0.05). Gene interaction network analysis and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that COL6A1, COL1A1, COL1A2, TGFB2, MMP2, COL8A2 and C2CD4C interacted with ZNF469 and were mainly involved in encoding collagen proteins and participating in the constitution of extracellular matrix. ZNF469 expression was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration in LUAD (P<0.05)., Conclusions: The study has unveiled distinctive mutational signatures in the MPP components of early-stage invasive LUAD in the Asian population. Furthermore, we have identified that the elevated expression of mutated ZNF469 impacts the prognosis and immune infiltration in LUAD, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in LUAD.

Background: The morbidity and mortality rates of lung cancer remain high worldwide, and lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most important tissue subtypes of lung cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is an important driver gene mutation for lung adenocarcinoma. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, have achieved remarkable efficacy in some lung cancer patients. Patients with EGFR mutations enjoyed limited benefits from immunotherapy according to recent studies. This study aimed to explore the relationship between EGFR mutation status and the spatial distribution as well as infiltration number of various immune cells in patients with EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma., Methods: This study included 62 lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery. Through multi-point sampling of surgically removed tumor tissues in different areas, 223 tumor tissue samples were finally obtained. We aquired EGFR mutations status including variant allele frequency (VAF) and mutation subtype in each tumor tissue by genetic test. Afterwards, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemical staining and multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry staining have been performed, therefore the infiltration of various immune cells and the distribution of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) in tumor tissues were obtained by calculating the immunohistochemical score., Results: Compared with EGFR wild-type patients, patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma had more infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen-presenting cells and higher spatial distribution heterogeneity of MHC class II antigen presenting cells in tumor tissues, while CD56+ natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells had lower infiltration. Tumor tissues with higher EGFR VAF were associated with lower cell infiltration such as CD3+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, CD56+ natural killer cells, CD68+ macrophages, CD8+ T cells, and only CD3+ T cells showed a lower spatial distribution heterogeneity. For the two common subtypes of EGFR mutations in Chinese population, tumor tissues with EGFR exon 19 deletion mutations have lower immune cell infiltration but higher spatial distribution heterogeneity of CD3+ T cells, CD56+ natural killer cells, CD68+ macrophages, and CD8+ T cells than that in EGFR exon 21 L858R mutant tumor tissues. Prognostic analysis found that patients with EGFR mutations with high degree of CD3+ T cells, CD20+ B cell infiltration and larger numbers of TLS formation and high spatial distribution heterogeneity of CD8+ T cell had longer disease-free survival., Conclusions: EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma had a unique "non-inflammatory" tumor microenvironment with low infiltration of immune cells, and there was also heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment among the tumors with different mutation subtypes and mutation abundance. These differences were not only reflected in the number but also the spatial distribution of immune cell infiltration. Hence, further studies on the immune microenvironment of EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma were of great significance for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients in the future.

This study was designed to identify the pathogen causing soft rot of Pinellia ternata in Qianjiang of Hubei province and screen out the effective bactericides, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the control of soft rot of P. ternata. In this study, the pathogen was identified based on molecular biology and physiological biochemistry, followed by the detection of pathogenicity and pathogenicity spectrum via plant tissue inoculation in vitro and the indoor toxicity determination using the inhibition zone method to screen out bactericide with good antibacterial effects. The control effect of the bactericide against P. ternata soft rot was verified by the leave and tuber inoculation in vitro. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the 16 S rDNA, dnaX gene, and recA gene sequences, respectively, and the result showed that the pathogen belonged to the same branch as the type strain Dickeya fangzhongdai JS5. The physiological and biochemical tests showed that the pathogen was identical to D. fangzhongdai, which proved that the pathogen was D. fangzhongdai. The pathogenicity test indicated that the pathogen could obviously infect leaves at 24 h and tubers in 3 d. As revealed by the indoor toxicity test, 0.3% tetramycin, 5% allicin, and 80% ethylicin had good antibacterial activities, with EC&#95;(50) values all less than 50 mg·L~(-1). Tests in tissues in vitro showed that 5% allicin exhibited the best control effect, followed by 0.3% tetramycin and 10% zhongshengmycin oligosaccharide, and their preventive effects were better than curative effects. Therefore, 5% allicin can be used as the preferred agent for the control of P. ternata soft rot, and 0.3% tetramycin and 10% zhongshengmycin oligosaccharide as the alternatives. This study has provided a certain theoretical basis for the control of P. ternata soft rot.

Soil microorganisms are one of the important biological indictors of soil quality and can reflct the comprehensive ecological environment characteristics of the soil. The research of soil microbial diversity is the key to know the ecological functions and balance with soil. In this paper, high-throughput sequencing on PCR-amplified 16 S rRNA gene V3-V4 fragments was used to determine the bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala under the treatment with BZJN1 or streptoprofen. The results showed that there were no significant differences of the bacteria in A. macrocephala rhizosphere soil of the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. All the soil bacteria was classified into 25 categories,67 classes, 108 orders, 167 families and 271 generas, except some unidentified bacteria. Proteobacteria(30.7%-34.8%) was the dominant phylum, of which Alphaproteobacteria(16.8%-18.5%) was the dominant subgroup. Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of multiple phylums bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly changed in the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. In addition, RDA analysis showed that there was connection with different environmental factors and microbial communities. The abundance of the three genera in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly positively correlated with Invertase, Urease and AP. PICRUSt function prediction results showed that BZNJ1 could enhance some bacterial functions and promote the plant growth. Biocontrol is a new type of green and safety control pest method. BZNJ1 significantly enhances some bacterial functions on the basis of effectively preventing root rot of A. macrocephala and promoting plant growth, and has no significant effect on the soil bacterial community structure. All the results can provide theoretical support for popularization of BZNJ1.

Objective: To study the clinical features of asymptomatic or subclinical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 53 children who were confirmed with asymptomatic or subclinical COVID-19, including epidemiological history, clinical typing, co-infection, time to clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid in nasopharyngeal swabs, laboratory examination results, length of hospital stay, and treatment outcome., Results: The children with asymptomatic or subclinical COVID-19 accounted for 30.5% (53/174) in children with COVID-19 hospitalized in the COVID-19 ward of Wuhan Children's Hospital. All cases occurred with familial aggregation. Among the 53 children, 35 (66%) had asymptomatic infection and 18 (34%) had subclinical infection. Mycoplasma infection was found in 17 children (32%). For the 53 children, the mean time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in nasopharyngeal swabs was 9±4 days. Most laboratory markers were maintained within the normal range. The mean hospital stay was 11±4 days. Lung CT of 18 children with subclinical COVID-19 showed ground-glass opacities, linear opacities, and patchy opacities, with relatively limited lesions., Conclusions: There is a high proportion of children with asymptomatic or subclinical COVID-19 among the children with COVID-19 hospitalized in the COVID-19 ward. The transmission risk of asymptomatic or subclinical COVID-19 should be taken seriously.

Background: The standard treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is radiotherapy concurrent with chemotherapy, but the survival was not satisfied. With the development of intensity modulated radiotherapy, simultaneous integrated boost technique (SIB) becomes the research direction of locally advanced NSCLC. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of SIB intensity modulated radiotherapy technique for locally advanced NSCLC., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of locally advanced NSCLC who were treated with radiotherapy by SIB technique in Peking University Cancer Hospital from June 2015 to December 2018. Kaplan-Meier method was used for analysis., Results: Ninty-three patients were included in the analysis. After a median follow-up of 34.23 months, 3-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local-recurrence free survival (LRFS) and metastasis free survival (MFS) rates were 53.0%, 37.0%, 50.5% and 50.5%, respectively. The incidence of grade ≥3 esophagitis was 5.4%. There were 2 (2.2%) patients experiencing grade ≥3 radiation-related pneumonia., Conclusions: Radiation with SIB intensity modulated radiotherapy technique is effective and safe for patients with locally advanced NSCLC.

Based on the pattern of citrus tree/stropharia mushrooms intercropping, returning-straw was used as the raw material for the stropharia mushrooms, and an in-situ experiment was conducted to monitor soil CO 2 emissions under different dosage of straw application during the stropharia growth period. Soil CO 2 emissions and the influencing factors were analyzed under different treatments of cultivated (HSM, ASM, and DSM) and uncultivated stropharia mushrooms (HS, AS, and DS). The mushroom yield and soil carbon emission efficiency (CEE) were used to provide a theoretical basis for improving the use of land under citrus orchards. The results showed that:① Straw return increased the cumulative CO 2 emissions compared with the control system (conventional planting, CK) and cumulative CO 2 emissions increased with the dosage of straw application. Cumulative CO 2 emissions from soil treated with cultivated stropharia mushrooms were higher than those from soil treated with uncultivated stropharia mushrooms, in the order of DSM (52.09 t·hm -2 ) > ASM (41.10 t·hm -2 ) > HSM (33.20 t·hm -2 ) > DS (27.15 t·hm -2 ) > AS (25.34 t·hm -2 ) > HS (18.94 t·hm -2 ) > CK (12.16 t·hm -2 ). Cumulative CO 2 emissions under the DSM treatment significantly increased by 328.37% compared with CK. ② For the treatment of cultivated stropharia mushrooms, peak soil CO 2 emissions occurred during the period of mycelium growth. The highest cumulative CO 2 emissions during this period were obtained under the DSM treatment and accounted for 43.27% of the total cumulative emissions. This was followed by ASM and HSM which accounted for 42.63% and 40.57% of emissions, respectively. ③ Cultivated stropharia mushrooms reduced the temperature sensitivity coefficient ( Q 10 ). The soil temperature (5 cm depth) had a significant effect on the soil CO 2 emission rate ( P <0.01) but soil moisture did not ( P >0.05). Soil temperature explained 27% to 71% of the variation in soil CO 2 emissions rates, and the two-factor fitting of soil temperature and soil moisture explained 36% to 82% of the variation. ④ For the treatment of cultivated stropharia mushrooms, the ranked yield of each treatment was DSM (49.7 t·hm -2 ) > ASM (47.0 t·hm -2 ) > HSM (23.3 t·hm -2 ), and ASM had the highest soil CEE (1.14). Therefore, under the system of citrus tree/stropharia mushroom intercropping, straw return can increase soil CO 2 emissions, with the highest emissions being obtained when a double dosage of straw was applied. However, the optimal amount of straw still needs to be determined in combination with changes in soil nutrients and crop yields.

Through investigation,it was found that the main disease of leaves was grey mold on Dendrobium officinale in Hubei province,which has a great impact on the yield and quality of D. officinale. The identification of morphological and molecular biological was used to prove that the pathogen was Botrytis cinerea. Through test the effect of 5 plant source fungicides and 4 antibiotic fungicides on mycelial growth of strain HS1,which proved 0. 3% eugenol had the best inhibitory effect,EC50 was 0. 29 mg·L -1 ,the second was1% osthol and EC50 was 1. 12 mg·L -1 ,the EC50 of 0. 5% matrine was 9. 16 mg·L -1 ,the EC50 of the other six fungicides was higher than 10 mg·L -1 . The field control effect test proved that 0. 3% eugenol had the best control effect,reaching 89. 44%,secondly for 1%osthole,which was 77. 17%,0. 5% matrine was in the third place with 62. 37% of effective rate. However,the control effect of the other fungicides was less than 60%. The three plant-derived fungicides were safe for the produce of D. officinale and showed no phytotoxicity. The effect of these fungicides on the growth of D. candidum was tested,and proved that all the fungicides were safe and harmless to D. candidum. This study provides a research basis for the safe and effective prevention and control gray mold of D. officinale.

Understanding the effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer applications on soil respiration rates and soil biochemical properties is of great importance for providing a theoretical basis for accurate assessments of the soil respiration intensity and carbon recycling in grassland ecosystems. A field experiment was performed from April 2017 to March 2018, in which four different levels of nitrogen applications were investigated, including 0 kg·hm -2 (N0), 60 kg·hm -2 (N1), 120 kg·hm -2 (N2), and 180 kg·hm -2 (N3). The seasonal changes in the soil respiration rate, soil temperature, and soil moisture in the alfalfa grassland under different levels of nitrogen applications were observed, and soil biochemical characteristics were observed after each harvest in the growing season. The results showed that soil respiration rate of the alfalfa grassland displayed significant seasonal variation under different nitrogen levels. In particular, the soil respiration rate reached a peak during the last 10-day period of July and then decreased to the minimum in mid-December. During the growing season of alfalfa, the soil respiration rate of the alfalfa grassland increased with the increases in the nitrogen application rate. The mean soil respiration rates of the N1, N2, and N3 treatments were 0.97, 1.04, and 1.07 g·(m 2 ·h) -1 , respectively, and these values were 10.2%, 18.2%, and 21.6% greater than that of N0[0.88 g·(m 2 ·h) -1 ], respectively. The results from ANOVA testing indicated that nitrogen applications had no significant effect on the soil respiration rate during the non-growing season of alfalfa ( P> 0.05). According to the statistical analysis, the soil respiration rate had a significant exponential positive relationship with soil temperature during the growing season, non-growing season, and entire year of alfalfa grassland observations under different nitrogen application rates ( P <0.01); the coefficients of determination were ranked as follows:growing season (0.46-0.62) < non-growing season (0.66-0.76) < whole year (0.80-0.86). Soil temperature ( T ) and soil moisture ( W ) interacted with each other and ultimately affected the soil respiration ( R S ), and by using a two-factor linear model of soil temperature and soil moisture, a better fit was obtained for the change in the soil respiration rate. Both of the two factors explained 68%-80% of the variation in the seasonal soil respiratory rate during the growing season of alfalfa. Nitrogen fertilization decreased the soil pH and available phosphorus content (AP) to varying degrees, but it increased the available potassium (AK), soil organic matter (SOM), and soil urease (URE) and invertase activity (INV). Total nitrogen (TN) and available nitrogen (AN) showed different trends under different nitrogen levels. The TN and AN contents increased considerably in soils; however, when the nitrogen rate was higher than N2 (120 kg·hm -2 ), TN and AN decreased with the increases in the nitrogen application rate. According to the correlation matrix analysis between soil respiration and soil biochemical properties during the growth period of alfalfa, data showed that the soil respiration rate (RS) was significantly and negatively correlated with soil pH ( P <0.01), and it was significantly and positively correlated with soil TN and URE ( P <0.01). Simultaneously, there was a significant positive correlation between the soil respiration rate ( R S ) and SOM ( P <0.05), and there was a significant negative correlation with INV ( P <0.05). The soil nutrient and enzyme activities of the alfalfa grassland explained the variations in the soil respiration rate under different nitrogen application levels to varying degrees.

In this study， an endophytic bacteria strain BZJN1 was isolated from Atractylodes macrocephala， and identified as Bacillus subtilis by physiological and biochemical tests and molecular identification. Strain BZJN1 could inhibit the growth of mycelia of Ceratobasidium sp. significantly， and the inhibition rate was more than 70%. The mycelium growth deformity with bulge as spherical and partially exhaustible in apex or central with microscopic observation. The inhibitory rates under 3% and 6% concentrations of the cell free fermentation were 22.7% and 38.7% expectively. The field test proved that the control efficacy of treatment of 1×10⁸ cfu·mL⁻¹ is 75.27% and 72.37% after 10 and 20 days. All the treatments of strain BZJN1 was able to promote the growth of A. macrocephala， the treatment of 1×10⁸ cfu·mL⁻¹ could able to increase the yield to 14.1%., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of readmitted children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the first 2 years of life., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 242 children with BPD who were readmitted due to recurrent lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in the first 2 years of life., Results: Among all the 242 children with BPD, 115(47.5%) had wheezing, and the children aged 1-2 years had a significantly higher incidence rate of wheezing than those aged less than 1 year (P<0.05). Chest imaging was performed for 193 children, among whom 31 (16.1%) had hyperlucent areas. Pulmonary function examination showed that the BPD children had significantly lower TV/kg, TPEF/TE, VPEF/VE, TEF50 and TEF75, and significantly higher respiratory rate than the controls without respiratory disease (P<0.05). Bronchoscopy was performed for 28 children, among whom 21 (75%) had airway dysplasia. All the 242 children used inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and experienced no treatment-related adverse reactions. Six children were given intravenous infusion of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) and experienced no infusion-related events or adverse reactions, among whom one child successfully stopped oxygen therapy., Conclusions: The incidence rate of wheezing increases with the increase in age in children with BPD who are readmitted due to LRTI. Pulmonary function examination shows small airway obstruction, reduced expiratory flow rate in case of low lung capacity, and increased respiratory rate, and most children have airway dysplasia. ICS can be used to inhibit inflammatory response in the acute stage. Infusion of hUCB-MSCs is safe and feasible and may bring some benefits to the recovery from BPD.

Objective: To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the spermatogenic function of male rats and screen out differentially expressed proteins related to spermatonesis-regulation by proteomic analysis., Methods: We randomly divided 24 SD male rats into groups A (non-exercise control), B (exercise), and C (weight-bearing exercise), those in the latter two groups made to swim for 60 minutes a day and those in group C bearing a load 3% of the body weight, both 6 times a week for 9 weeks. At 24 hours after the last exercise, we obtained the sperm count, measured the levels of such serum reproductive hormones as testosterone (T), luteotrophic hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and employed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis of the testicular tissue., Results: Compared with group A, group C showed significant increases in sperm concentration (［2.12 ± 0.43］ vs ［3.54 ± 0.52］ ×10⁶/ml, P <0.01) and the levels of serum LH (［35.99 ± 2.90］ vs ［38.96 ± 1.34］ IU/L, P <0.01) and T (［19.99 ± 0.25］ vs ［21.36 ± 0.53］ nmol/L, P <0.01), but no statistically significant differences in GnRH (［623.95 ± 41.44］ vs ［641.82 ± 42.78］ ng/L, P >0.05) and FSH (［20.49 ± 2.44］ vs ［22.29 ± 2.31］ IU/L, P >0.05). No significant changes were observed in sperm concentration or reproductive hormone levels in group B as compared with A. Group B exhibited obviously more mature sperm and cell layers in the seminiferous epithelium than group A. A total of 47 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which 37 were up-regulated and the other 10 down-regulated. In addition, another 5 significantly differentially expressed proteins closely related to reproductive function were identified, including up-regulated Anx A1, GPX3, Rimbp3, and Dpy19l2 and down-regulated CYP17. Enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, and focal adhesion pathways., Conclusions: Proper-intensity exercise can improve the spermatogenic function of rats. Aerobic exercise promotes spermatogenesis mainly by up-regulating the expressions of the proteins related to the production and differentiation of spermatozoa.

Objective: To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of anterior versus posterior approach for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy., Methods: The following databases were searched: the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EM base, OVID, CBM, Wanfang Data, CNKI. Relevant journals were manually searched for randomized controlled trials or clinical controlled trials(CCTs) that investigated the clinical effectiveness and safety of anterior and posterior approach for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.2 software., Results: Eight CCTs, involving 1 151 patients, were included. Significant differences were found between anterior and posterior approach with respect to complications, OR=2.19, 95%CI (1.50, 3.19), P <0. 000 1; and neural recovery rate, WMD=11.04, 95% CI(0.60, 21.47), P =0.04 . In addition, there were no significant differences in preoperative JOA scores, WMD=0.13, 95% CI (-0.20, 0.46), P =0. 44; postoperative JOA scores, WMD=0.45, 95% CI (-0.10, 1.00), P =0.11; operation time, WMD=39.43, 95% CI(-5.92, 84.78), P =0.09; and amount of intraoperative bleeding, WMD=5.46, 95% CI(-96.65, 107.58), P =0. 92)., Conclusions: There are no significant differences between anterior and posterior approach for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the recovery of neural function of the spinal cord, operation time and intraoperative bleeding. However, posterior appreach showed fewer complications than anterior appreach., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

Background: Concurrent twice-daily radiotherapy with chemotherapy of EP regimen is one of the current standard treatments for limited-stage small cell lung cancer. However, the safely tolerated dose of standard chemotherapy for Chinese patients is not decided. This study was to evaluate the toxicity and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of etoposide and cisplatin concurrent with thoracic radiation therapy for patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer., Methods: Patients with histologically proven limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) were eligible. The patients underwent thoracic radiotherapy (45 Gy, 1.5 Gy bid, 30 fractions for 3 weeks) delivered concurrently with etoposide (100 mg/m2 iv, days 1-3) and cisplatin dose escalating from the two levels ( 70 mg/m2 and 75 mg/m2 on d1). The primary endpoints were hematologic toxicities during treatment. The secondary endpoints were non-hematologic toxicities, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). According to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4.0 (CTC-AE 4.0), maximum tolerant dosage (MTD) was defined as the highest safely tolerated dose at which no more than one patient out of six experiences dose-limiting toxicity (Grades 4 hematologic), with the next higher dose having at least two out of six patients experience dose-limiting toxicity., Results: From January 2013 to August 2016, 20 patients were enrolled in this study. The median age was 49.5 (30-68). After the first 6 patients were enrolled in Arm 1 (70 mg/m2 on d1), one patient had Grade 4 neutropenia. Another 14 patients were enrolled in Arm 2 (75 mg/m2 on d1), one patient had Grade 4 neutropenia. The MTD was determined to be etoposide (100 mg/m2 iv, d1-d3) and cisplatin dose (75 mg/m2 on d1). 4 patients had ≥Grade 3 neutropenia and 1 patients had ≥Grade 3 acute esophagitis in Arm 1. 10 patients had ≥Grade 3 neutropenia and no patient had ≥Grade 3 acute esophagitis in Arm 2. All patients with a median follow-up time was 9.0 months, median OS and PFS were not achieved, 1-year OS and PFS were 91% and 61%, respectively., Conclusions: The MTD of RT with concurrent chemotherapy of EP regimen for patients with LS-SCLC was etoposide (100 mg/m2 iv, d1-d3) and cisplatin dose (75 mg/m2 on d1).
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Background: Twice-daily radiation concurrent with chemotherapy is one of the standard methods for limited-stage small cell lung cancer. The study was to evaluate the feasibility of chemotherapy concurrent with dose-escalating twice-daily radiotherapy by simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) approach in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer., Methods: Patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer were included, treated with twice-daily radiotherapy by SIB-IMRT concurrent with chemotherapy of etoposide plus cisplatin. Dose escalation was conducted by "classical" 3+3 methods with three patients enrolled in each dose level. The therapeutic gross tumor volume (GTV) was treated according to three consecutive dose levels i.e., 45 Gy at 1.5 Gy twice daily, 50 Gy at 1.67 Gy twice daily and 54 Gy at 1.8 Gy twice daily. The planning target volume (PTV) received a dose of 45 Gy delivered in 30 fractions of 1.5 Gy. The primary endpoints were acute toxicities. The secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and loco-regional failure-free survival (LRFFS) at 1-year of follow-up., Results: Twenty men and six women were included. The median age was 52 (30-68) months. 12 patients experienced grade 2 acute esophagitis, and 1 patient developed grade 3 acute esophagitis. Only 3 patients developed Grade 2 pneumonitis. Grade 3 or higher radiation-related pneumonia was not observed. None died of treatment-related causes. With median follow-up of 11.2 months (3.2-36.2 months), 1-year OS, PFS and LRFFS were 89.0%, 51.0% and 85.0%, respectively., Conclusions: Dose escalation for twice-daily radiation concurrent with chemotherapy in LS-SCLC has been safely achieved up to 54 Gy for GTV using SIB-IMRT technique.

Purpose: To investigate the expression of differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene l（DEC1）in oral squamous cell carcinoma（OSCC）and its clinical significance., Methods: Detection of the protein expression of DEC1 in tissue specimens from 80 primary OSCC patients and 30 cases of normal oral mucosa were performed using immunohistochemistry. SPSS10.0 software package was uses for statistical analysis., Results: The result of immunohistochemistry showed that positive expression rate of DEC1 in OSCC tissues was 92.50%, 5.00% in normal oral mucosa tissue. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In OSCC tissues, the difference in expression of DEC1 was statistically significant (P<0.05) between highly differentiated group and lowly differentiated group, between patients with lymph node metastasis and patients without lymph node metastasis., Conclusions: The significantly increased DEC1 gene may be associated with the tumorigenesis and development of OSCC.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the second to the fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index (BMI) in infertile men of the Han ethnic group in Ningxia., Methods: Using anthropometry, we calculated the mean ratio of 2D:4D and BMI of 197 infertile men and 148 normal healthy male controls, followed by analysis of their relationship., Results: The BMI was correlated positively with the 2D:4D ratio of the left hand in the infertile men (P < 0.05) and in the patients with a higher 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (P < 0.05), but negatively with the 2D:4D ratio of the righ/left (Dr-1) (left: P < 0.01; Dr-l: P < 0.05). The mean 2D: 4D ratio and BMI were both lower in the normal control than in the infertile men, with statistically significant differences in BMI (P < 0.05) and the 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: There is a correlation between the 2D:4D ratio and BMI in infertile men.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of "Neiguan" (PC 6) at different frequencies on plasma vasoactive substance levels in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury rats, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of acute myocardial ischemia., Methods: A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomized into control, model, high frequency (HF, 120 Hz) and low frequency (LF, 20 Hz) groups (n = 10 in each group). The MIR model was established by occlusion of the anterior descending branch (ADB) of the left coronary artery for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 40 min. EA (3 V, 120 Hz or 20 Hz) was applied to bilateral "Neiguan" (PC 6) for 50 min immediately after occlusion of ADB. Subsequently, the contents of plasma endothelin (ET), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), thromboxane B 2 (TXB2) and 6-Keto-PGF1, were assayed by radioimmunoassay, and the content of serum nitric oxide (NO) was detected by nitrate reductase method., Results: Compared with the control group, the contents of plasma ET, ANP and TXB2 in the model group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and that of plasma 6-Keto-PGF1α in the model group was notably decreased (P < 0.05), but no significant change was found in serum NO level (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the contents of plasma ET, ANP and TXB2 were considerably decreased, and plasma 6-Keto-PGF1α and serum NO contents were obviously increased in both HF and LF groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the HF and LF groups in plasma ET , ANP, TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1α contents (P > 0.05), but the HF EA was markedly superior to the LF EA in up-regulating the content of serum NO (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: EA stimulation of "Neiguan" (PC 6) can down-regulate the contents of plasma ET, ANP and TXB2 and up-regulate contents of plasma 6-Keto-PGF1α and serum NO in MIR rats, which may contribute to its effect in relieving acute ischemic myocardial injury. The effect of HF EA is better than LF EA in raising blood NO level.

Purpose: T lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing factor 1 (TIAM1) overexpression has been reported in a variety of human cancers. However, the investigation of TIAM1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was extremely rare. The aim of the study was to assess TIAM1 expression and explore its role in OSCC., Methods: Immunohistochemistry staining was performed in 80 primary OSCC patients and 20 normal oral mucosa samples. The expression of TIAM1 and its association with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed using SPSS19.0 software package., Results: TIAM1 expression was significantly stronger in OSCC tissues (91.25%) compared with normal oral mucosa (10.00%); TIAM1 overexpression was significantly correlated with histological grade (P=0.019), clinical stage (P<0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.004), but not significantly correlated with sex or age., Conclusions: TIAM1 may play an important role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of OSCC, which may be a potentially therapeutic target in the future.

Recent data have revealed that inhibiting autophagy exacerbates lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and nitrite treatment reduces total triglyceride levels in the high-fat diet mice. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effects of nitrite on simple hepatic steatosis and the possible role of autophagy. Firstly, steatotic L-02 cells were induced by incubating L-02 cells with 1.2 mmol · L(-1) oleic acid (OA) for 24 h. Secondly, steatotic L-02 cells were treated with 0.2 mmol · L(-1) sodium nitrite (SN) plus 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or chloroquine (CQ) for 24 h, and then lipid accumulation was measured with oil red O staining and triglyceride quantification. The notable steatosis could be observed in L-02 cells following exposure to 1.2 mmol · L(-1) OA for 24 h. Treatment with 0.2 mmol · L(-1) sodium nitrite reduced lipid accumulation in steatotic L-02 cells. 3-MA weakened the ability of sodium nitrite to ameliorate hepatic steatosis. Additionally, the sodium nitrite increased number of LC3-II immunostaining puncta and LC3-II protein expression was confirmed by immunofluorescence or Western blot analysis, and the effects were enhanced by CQ treatment. The number of increased cytoplasm vacuoles and lysosomes increased was confirmed by phase contrast and fluorescence microscope respectively. The increased autolysosome was detected by electron microscopy, this phenomenon could be reversed by CQ treatment. These data demonstrated that sodium nitrite enhanced the autophagic flux and decomposition of triglycerides in steatotic L-02 cells.

Objective: To study the dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake of Shiyao Angelica sinensis, in order to provide theoretical basis for reasonable fertilization., Methods: The aerial part(stems and leaves) and root were collected in different growth periods, and the fresh weight, dry weight and contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were measured., Results: The dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake were well fitted a Logistic equation with the increase of the number of days after sowing. In the early stage of Shiyao Angelica sinensis growth, the dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake were very slow. Beginning in late July, the dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake of stems and leaves sped up. Starting from the occurrence peak in August, the roots of nutrient uptake sped up. In late September, the dry matter accumulation of root reached a peak. In early October, the dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake slowed down significantly. The middle of October was the harvest time., Conclusion: Some phosphorus should be applied as base fertilizer in the plantation of Shiyao Angelica sinensis, and nitrogen should be applied as top fertilizer in different growth periods.

Objective: To explore clinical effect of manipulative reduction and percutaneous K-wires fixation in treating supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children., Methods: From July 2010 to December 2012, clinical data of 52 children with supracondylar fractures of the humerus, which treated with manipulative reduction and percutaneous K-wires fixation, were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 35 males and 17 females with an average age of 6.7 (ranged from 2.5 to 12) years old. All fractures were type Garland II - III fractures, and 51 cases were extension type and 1 case were flexion type. Flynn evaluation standard of elbow performance score were applied to evaluate clinical effects., Results: All patients were followed up from 12 to 18 months with average of 16 months. According to Flynn evaluation standard of elbow performance score, 41 cases obtained excellent result, 8 good and 3 moderate., Conclusion: Manipulative reduction and percutaneous K-wires fixation for the treatment of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children has many advantages, such as minimally invasive, rapid recovery, stable fixation. It could prevent osteofascial compartment syndrome, Volkmann Contracture and cubitus varus.

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect and related risk factors of Gartland type II-III supracondylar fractures of humerus in children in the emergency closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation., Methods: From January 2008 to June 2013,112 children of Gartland type II to III supracondylar humeral fractures were treated in children in emergency closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation, including 72 males and 40 females with an average age of 6.2 years old ranging from 2 to 11 years old. Among them,74 cases were in Gartland type II fractures,38 cases were in type III; The duration from injury to surgery time was 2.5 to 8 hours (averaged 4.6 hours). Elbow cast was applied after operation with the elbow extended of 100 degrees for 4 to 6 weeks, then the gypsum and Kirschner wires were removed., Results: All patients were follow-up from 6 to 60 months (averaged 12 months). All fractures reached clinical healing. The final follow-up was assessed by Flynn criteria, the result was excellent in 86 cases, good in 23 cases, general in 3 cases, excellent and good rate was 97.3%. Three patients had mild cubitus varus deformity without orthopedic treatment. No pin tract infections, iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury, compartment syndrome, and complications such as Volkmann ischemic contracture occurred., Conclusion: Closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation had advantages of exact reduction, firm fixation, fewer complications ,less pain in children undergoing emergency surgery, and.high success rate, so it is a safe and efficient treatment for humeral supracondylar fracture in children.

Adolescents' (11-19 years old) hair samples (n =39) collected from Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan Province were analyzed for 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl(DL-PCBs) congeners by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The levels and distribution characteristics of DL-PCBs in Tibetan and Yi Adolescents' hair were studied, meanwhile, the relationships between the levels of DL-PCBs and the nationalities, eating habits and genders were addressed. The results indicated that the average concentration of PCBs was (102.2 +/- 14. 3) pg x g(-1) with the range from 9.6 pg x g(-1) to 991.6 pg x g(-1). The concentration levels of this region were relatively low. PCB-77, PCB-105 and PCB-118 were the major congeners, contributing to 84.7% of the total. The levels of PCBs in Yi teenagers' hair were higher than those in Tibetan, and the concentration in hair was related to the frequency of eating meats and drinking milk per week. It might be attributed to the different eating habits of these two nationalities. When gender was considered, significantly higher concentrations were found in female than in male (P < 0.05).

The fine structure of enoxaparin sodium samples with different degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives were analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A further study of anticoagulation activity of enoxaparins was performed, including those on their inhibition activities of coagulation factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin (FIIa). The results showed that the anti-FXa and -FIIa activities of enoxaparins with different degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives (20.0%-39.7%) with similar structure characteristics, had decreasing tendency when the degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives increased. Especially, the anti-FXa activity was sensitive to the change of the degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives.

Comprehensive experimental as well as theoretical methods were applied to investigate the structure evolution of jadeite in the hot-melt process, especially on the variation of aluminium coordination number. In-situ high temperature Raman spectroscopic technique was used to record the characteristic Raman spectra of jadeite and its melt with the increasing temperature, consequently, density function theory and ab initio calculation methods were applied to analyze the related micro-structures and aluminium coordination number and simulate the Raman spectra. Results showed that aluminum in jadeite crystal is all six-fold and would transform into four-fold coordination at 1 293K while jadeite being melting. Aluminum is prominently in four-fold coordination in the melt, in which TO4 (T = Si, Al) connects to each other as the network of multiple rings. Five-fold coordinated aluminum emerges and it appears the trend of phase separation while the melt transformed into glass by the processing of fast cooling.

Passive sampling techniques have been used as biomimetic extraction methods to measure the bioavailability and toxicity of organic contaminants in sediment. The advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used passive samplers including semi-permeable membrane device, polyethylene device, polyoxymethylene and solid-phase microextraction are reported. The challenges of using passive samplers in sediment risk assessment are discussed, and the possible solutions and future studies are also proposed.

Objective: To investigate the surgical outcomes of unilateral lumbar pedicle screw fixation and intervertebral body fusion in treating far lateral lumber disc herniation., Methods: From June 2007 to June 2009, 25 patients with far lateral lumbar disc herniation were treated with unilateral lumbar pedicle screw fixation and intervertebral body fusion. There were 12 males and 13 females,which ranged in age from 37 to 68, with an average of 54.6 years. The course of disease was from 3 to 36 months with an average of 8.8 months. All the patients had pain and/or numbness and/or soreness in front and/or the back of unilateral leg and buttocks; muscle strength, sensation and tendon reflexes had declined of different degrees. Lumbar CT or MRI showed far lateral lumbar disc herniation. Neurological function and lumbar function were respectively evaluated according to JOA 29 score system (including subjective, objective symptom and bladder function) and Oswestry disability index (ODI)., Results: All the patients were followed-up from 12 to 36 months with an average of 24 months. Postoperative wound healed well and no perioperative complications and follow-up complications were found. Neurological function of patients obtain recovery of difference degrees. At final follow-up, JOA score and ODI improved compared with that of preoperative data (P < 0.01); the mean improvement rate of JOA score was 94.3%. All patients got good bone fusion and no recurrence cases were found., Conclusion: Unilateral lumbar pedicle screw fixation and intervertebral body fusion could increase the initial stability after fusion, restore and maintain the intervertebral height, and elevate the improvement rate in treating far lateral lumber disc herniation. The surgical method is safe, effective and reliable, but need to strictly control indications.

Temperature dependent Raman spectra of BiB3 O6 crystal and its melt were recorded and the microstructure of BiB3 O6 melt was predicted. Multiple theoretical methods including quantum chemistry ab initio calculation and DFT (Density Function Theory) methods were applied to simulate the BiB3 O6 crystal and melt structure and Raman spectra. It was demonstrated that B-O triangles and Bi lattice in the crystal reveal little affected in structure while B-O tetrahedra shows severe distortion with increasing temperature, especially B-O tetrahedra disappears after being completely melt. The microstructure of BiB3 O6 melt consists of six-member ring, [B6 O12](6-), which varies in bond lengths and angles individually. Cation Bi behaves to balance the charge of anion cluster, and the oxygen coordination number of cation Bi is 3, different from the crystal situation in which cation Bi is coordinated with 6 oxygens.

A calibration method for Raman spectroscopic quantitative analysis of binary alkaline silicate glasses is proposed. By applying ab initio quantum chemistry simulation, Raman optical activities (ROA) of various cluster units consisting of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra (SiOT) with different number of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) can be obtained. Thus, experimental results could be calibrated in order to reflect and represent directly the true relative density of various silicon-oxygen tetrahedra existing inside the silicate glasses. Cation effect on the intensity of Raman bands was also observed and discussed.