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In order to improve the yield of jackfruit peel pectin (JFPP) and obtain high-purity pectin with good functional properties, this study optimized the extraction process of pectin by ultrasound-assisted cellulase enzyme method through response surface experiments. The extracted pectin was preliminarily purified, including degreasing, deproteinization, decolorization, and dialysis concentration process. The purified pectin was then enzymatically esterified and modified by de-esterification to obtain de-esterified jackfruit peel pectin (DE-JFPP), and a comparative analysis was conducted on the basic composition, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, functional group characteristics, thermal stability, and microstructure of the pectin before and after modification. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the extraction process were enzyme dosage of 0.7%, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 30.4 ℃, and the pH of 4.6. It was observed that the yield of JFPP was 15.26%±0.07% under the specified conditions. The galacturonic acid content in the modified pectin increased from 79.10% to 83.24%, with a decrease in total sugar content from 43.42% to 41.90%, a decrease in esterification degree from 84.25% to 32.36%, and a decrease in weight-average molecular weight from 29.24 ku to 28.49 ku. Both JFPP and DE-JFPP contained eleven monosaccharides and belonged to the RG-I pectin with a decrease in the degree of branching in DE-JFPP. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrated that both the pectin before and after modification had characteristic absorption peaks of pectin, and the peak area corresponding to the esterified carboxyl acid group decreased after modification. The JFPP and DE-JFPP demonstrated high thermal stability, with solubilization temperatures of 160.22 ℃ and 123.28 ℃, and degradation temperatures of 255.11 ℃ and 230.56 ℃, respectively. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed that JFPP had a smooth surface and a compact structure, and DE-JFPP had a rough surface and a loose structure. This study optimized the extraction process of jackfruit peel pectin, improving its yield. Results demonstrated that the esterified pectin had favorable physicochemical properties and microstructure, meeting requirements for gel carrier systems in various fields and expanding the utilization space of jackfruit peel pectin.

[Introduction] Aiming at the characteristics of offshore converter stations, the design scheme for wireless communication system of offshore converter station is proposed. [Method] By analyzing the characteristics and current application of offshore wireless communication technology and considering the requirements of equipment operation, station warning and personnel activities of offshore converter stations, the configuration scheme for the wireless communication system of offshore converter stations was proposed. [Result] Through the NAVTEX system, the requirement to receive weather and safety information is realized. Through the radar optoelectronic system and VHF ship to ship communication system, the requirement for vessel caution and expulsion is realized. Through UHF cluster intercom system, WiFi and mobile communication system, the daily communication requirement of personnel is realized. Through the lifeboat emergency communication system, microwave transmission system and satellite communication system, the requirement of personnel emergency avoidance is realized. [Conclusion] Therefore, the system can realize the basic communication requirements during the daily operation and maintenance of offshore converter stations, ensure the safety of equipment and personnel, and provide guidance for the design of wireless communication systems for offshore converter stations.

In 2020 and 2021, peach fruit with natural disease and decay were collected from orchards in Zhejiang Province. Then the fungal pathogens were isolated from the diseased spots and identified by morphological characteristics, molecular biological identification (rDNA-ITS sequence analysis) and pathogenicity detection. The antifungal effect of cinnamon essential oil on the fungal pathogens in vitro and in vivo were also investigated. The results showed that two fungal pathogens with strong pathogenicity were isolated, and identified as Monilinia fructicola and Rhizopus stolonifer, which caused brown rot and soft rot, respectively. Cinnamon essential oil inhibited the growth of M. fructicola and R. stolonifer, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations were 0.4 and 0.8 mL/L, respectively. M. fructicola was more sensitive to cinnamon essential oil. Cinnamon essential oil fumigation could reduce the disease incidence and lesion diameter of brown rot and soft rot of peach fruit caused by these two fungal pathogens. Therefore, cinnamon essential oil could be used as a natural fungicide to control fungal diseases of peach fruit.

ObjectiveTo explore the application of moving epidemic method (MEM) in early warning of influenza incidence intensity in winter-spring season in Ningbo city and to provide a reference for developing effective intervention measures. MethodsInfluenza surveillance data for the period of January 2013 – May 2022 were collected from 2 national influenza sentinel hospitals in Ningbo city, Zhejiang province and a part of the data on positive rate of influenza virus detection among the registered cases in winter-spring seasons from January 2013 to December 2019 were extracted to establish a MEM model. The constructed MEM model was adopted to analyze the beginning, the end and incidence intensity of seasonal influenza epidemic during 2019 – 2020 (40th week, 2019 – 20th week, 2020) in Ningbo city; the model analysis results were compared with actual situation of the epidemic. ResultsFor the virus-positive cases in the city during the 2013 – 2022, the proportions of isolated viral strains were 24.59% for influenza A (H1N1), 37.03% for influenza A (H3N2), and 38.38% for influenza B (mainly Victoria and Yamagata strain), respectively. The established MEM model showed a better goodness-of-fit, with the parameter δ of 2.7, the sensitivity of 87.97%, the specificity of 87.68%, and the Yoden index of 0.76. Based on the fitting results of the established MEM model, the thresholds of virus-positive rate were 22.76% and 25.05% for identifying the onset and the end of the influenza epidemic and the thresholds were 43.18%, 63.22%, and 74.83% for indicating a moderate-, high-, extremely high-intensity of the influenza epidemic during 2019 – 2020 influenza season. With the established MEM threshold estimations, the trajectory of the influenza could described as following: pre-epidemic stage from 40th week to 48th week of 2019, onset/low-intensity stage from 49th week of 2019, moderate-intensity stage from 51th week of 2019 to third week of 2020, subsequent low-intensity stage from 4th week of 2020, late stage from 7th week of 2020, and the end of the epidemic by the 10th week of 2020. Compared to the seasonal epidemics between 2013 – 2019, the 2019 – 2020 winter spring influenza epidemic occurred one week earlier but ended three weeks sooner. Conclusion MEM model could be adopted effectively in early identification and intensity warning of seasonal influenza epidemic.

Qijiang District is a high-risk area for geological hazards in Chongqing. In this study, Qijiang District is selected as the research area. Based on the topography, geomorphology, geological structure, and DEM data of the region, seven main factors of geological hazards within slope units were extracted, including slope structure, slope gradient, density of geological disaster points, engineering geological lithology, distance to the water system, inclination angle of rock strata, and geological structure. These factors were quantitatively analyzed and combined with field inspection of geological hazards to revise the weights and grading of each factor. The analytic hierarchy process was used to evaluate the susceptibility of geological hazards within slope units. Through this process, this study aims to establish a geological disaster susceptibility evaluation system suitable for Qijiang District.

Objective: To assess the anti-aging effect and mechanism underlying the effects of ethanol extract from Clinacanthus nutans (CNEE) using Caenorhabditis elegans as the model organism. Methods: The anti-aging effects of ethanol extract from Clinacanthus nutans on nematodes were detected by experiments to assay longevity, oviposition, and exercise. The antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extracts from Clinacanthus nutans and their mechanisms of action in delaying aging were investigated by assessing the acute oxidative stress, determining the antioxidant enzyme activity, and determining the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels along with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR experiments. Results: The ethanol extract from Clinacanthus nutans at 100 μg/mL could prolong the life span of N2 wild type nematode (P0.05). The extract also increased nematode longevity (P0.05). Conclusion: The ethanol extract from Clinacanthus nutans enhanced the ability of nematodes to resist aging and the underlying mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of oxidative stress by daf-16.

In this study, the squid surimi gel was prepared by sodium citrate (SC) and sodium tartrate (ST) which substituted of sodium chloride (NaCl) in different proportions and the effect of organic salts on the properties changes of squid surimi gel was investigated through rheological properties, physicochemical properties and protein characteristics. From the results, the gel prepared by addition of organic salt and NaCl by the ratio of 2:1 significantly improved (P

The time-series synthetic aperture radar interferometry can reflect the deformation process of landslides effectively. On September 14, 2019, a landslide occurred in Tongwei County, Gansu Province. However, whether the landslide had occurred slow deformation before the disaster and the cause of the landslide are worth tracing and discussing. In this paper, based on the Sentinel1-A ascent/descent data released by the European Space Agency (ESA), the two-dimensional deformation characteristics and sliding factors before the Tongwei landslide in Gansu Province were analyzed by SBAS-InSAR technique. The results show that there is continuous deformation of the landslide from September 2018 to September 2019, and the deformation variable increases with the passage of time, so the landslide is not a sudden event. Before the landslide occurred, the maximum cumulative shape variables in the vertical direction and east-west direction were 18.25 mm and 32.85 mm respectively. Based on the results of the two-dimensional time series, the distance analysis and the comparative analysis of rainfall show that the Kushui River and rainfall are the two main inducements of the landslide. The InSAR traceback results further verify the application potential of satellite-borne radar interferometry technology in landslide detection, which is a powerful tool for landslide identification and early warning, disaster prevention, and mitigation.

The data rights confirmation system has become a fundamental issue in establishing a market-based system for data elements.From a dual-dimensional perspective, the distinctions between information and data regarding their concepts and characteristics were discussed, on this basis, a method was proposed to construct a data-right confirmation system by classifying information subjects and data management subjects.This procedure underlies the construction of the data rights confirmation system.Studies show that: (1) information is content substance while data is the carrier of information.Individuals, organizations, and other entities are the subjects of information content production, and individuals, and organizations are the owners of information; (2) Individuals or organizations have the rights and obligations of data management for the data formed by recording information in some form; (3) By the current legal framework and objective practice, data ownership shall belong to the State, while data management subjects have limited rights to possess, use, seek profits from and dispose of data, meanwhile ought to perform corresponding obligations to protect the rights and interests of information subjects.

ObjectiveTo analyze and compare prevalence characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cluster epidemic-related secondary infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variant in Ningbo city, and to provide a basis for optimizing and adjusting measures on COVID-19 prevention and control. MethodsFrom the National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and the reports of field surveys, we extracted the information on 171 COVID-19 cases with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant infection identified among close contacts of 37 local COVID-19 outbreaks in Ningbo city from December 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022. Descriptive analysis was performed to analyze prevalence characteristics of the cases and the incubation period of secondary infection was calculated for the cases with definite exposure time to index cases. ResultsOf all the cases, 80.70% (n = 138) and 19.30% (n = 33) were confirmed patients and asymptomatic infections; 64.33% (n = 110) and 35.67% (n = 61) were infected with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant, respectively. The proportion of asymptomatic infection was significantly higher in the cases infected with Omicron variant than that in the cases with Delta variant (54.10% vs. 0，P < 0.05). The mean incubation period was 3.45 ± 0.44 days for the 22 confirmed cases (15 and 7 with Delta and Omicron variant infection) after a definite exposure to the index case. The longest incubation period of Delta and Omicron variant infection were 8 and 6 days. The mean incubation period was 3.60 ± 0.58 and 3.14 ± 0.63 days for Delta and Omicron variant infection, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The interval time between the last exposure and the first positive detection of nucleic acid was ≤ 7 days for the cases with Omicron variant infection. The Ct value of N gene at the first positive nucleic acid detection was significantly higher in the patients with Omicron variant infection than that in those with Delta variant infection (P < 0.05), but the average hospitalization days of the cases with Omicron variant infection was significantly lower than that of cases infected with Delta variant (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection is less than 7 days and Omicron variant infection is less pathogenic than Delta variant infection. The results suggest that the recommended managent and control measures for close contacts are 7 days′ centralized isolation and 3 days′ home-based health monitoring.

IoT terminals are the essential element for smart city, with intelligent facilities and refined management.Furthermore, the reliability of applications in smart city depends on the quality of IoT terminals.However, the quality of IoT terminals in smart city is hard to assure due to the lack of unified testing-index and certification systems for IoT terminals.To address the challenge, the definition and classification of IoT terminals in smart city were firstly analyzed.Then standardization objects for IoT terminals were given.A testing-index system for IoT terminals was proposed based on the objects of standardization for IoT terminals.Considering IoT terminals' communication and application properties in smart city, a certification system of IoT terminals was also proposed.The testing-index and certification systems provide references for IoT terminal testing and pave the way to improve the quality of IoT terminals.

Because of the requirement of long-term treatment for pigmented dermatoses, long-term oral medications can cause many adverse reactions, while topical medications are not effective due to poor skin permeability. The microneedle transdermal drug delivery system can penetrate the stratum corneum and form multiple reversible microchannels, which can significantly improve the permeability of therapeutic drugs and has the advantages of good local targeting, controlled and continuous drug delivery, while avoiding gastrointestinal irritation and liver first-pass effect, etc. It has been tried in the clinical treatment of pigmented disorders such as melasma, vitiligo and dark circles. This paper reviews the mechanisms of the microneedle transdermal drug delivery system, its basic research and clinical application in pigmented skin diseases such as melasma, vitiligo and dark circles under the eyes, in order to provide rationale for clinical application.

Vascular damage is followed by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression at high levels, which is an important mechanism for cerebral radiation necrosis (CRN) development. Antiangiogenic agents (Bevacizumab) alleviates brain edema symptoms caused by CRN through inhibiting VEGF and acting on vascular tissue around the brain necrosis area. Many studies have confirmed that Bevacizumab effectively relieves symptoms caused by brain necrosis, improves patients’ performance status and brain necrosis imaging. Considering that the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy is mainly related to the duration of drug action, low-dose antiangiogenic agents can achieve favorable efficacy. Prevention is the best treatment. The occurrence of CRN is associated with tumor-related factors and treatment-related factors. By controlling these factors, CRN can be effectively prevented.

The study area is located in Xiabao Town, Wuxi County, Chongqing City. It belongs to the mountainous area on the edge of the Yudong Basin. It has strong topography, complex geological environment and frequent geological disasters. In order to study the development and distribution of geological hazards and risk zoning in high and steep canyons, this paper selects factors such as elevation, slope, aspect, engineering geological rock group, distance from water system, and distance from folds as the influencing factors for the assessment of geological hazard susceptibility, based on ArcGIS The platform uses the information model to quantitatively evaluate the susceptibility of high-level geological hazards in the high and steep gorge area of Wuxi Ningqiao area. The evaluation model has a high degree of correspondence with the distribution of geological hazards, and the evaluation results have a high degree of credibility. Combined with the vulnerability assessment, the geological disaster risk assessment of the study area was carried out, and finally the geological disaster risk assessment model of the study area was obtained. It provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of geological disasters in the region, and at the same time has reference significance for the risk assessment of geological disasters and the prevention and control of geological disasters in similar high and steep canyons..

With the demand of data center traffic soaring, many service providers are already working on 400 Gbit/s Ethernet communication systems. Compared with the 100 Gbit/s optical module, the 400 Gbit/s optical module can provide higher transmission bandwidth with lower power consumption and cost. Aiming at the above requirements, this paper proposes a design scheme of 400 Gbit/s optical transceiver module for data center optical communication network system. We first introduce the 400 Gbit/s optical module related protocols and standards. Then we present the general design of the module framework, mainly from the rate of conversion, launch, receive and monitoring 4 parts. Finally, we conduct a performance test and the test results show that the module in accordance with the agreement and the provisions of the standard, which is a good solution to realize data center 400 Gbit/s Ethernet transmission.

The gear and rack drive devices are used to realize various movements of the stage in modern stage. Aiming at the problems of vibration and noise in the operation of rigid driving device， which affect the stability of stage motion and working environment， a sprocket chain plate driving structure is designed. The model of the driving device is established， and the driving system is simulated and dynamically analyzed， and the field test is carried out. The results show that the sprocket chain plate drive device has flexible effect， eliminates the defects of the rigid drive device， makes the stage transmission stable and reduces the noise. The driving device is applied in practical engineering， which proves the rationality of the design.

The top-level design of the intelligent city constructed on provincial CATV networks was mainly investigated. The general thoughts of the development of intelligent city constructed on CATV networks were proposed, and the overall framework for the intelligent city constructed on CATV networks was analyzed.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of removing infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa foreign bodies via a trans⁃oral approach. Methods The clinical data of 9 patients with foreign bodies in the infra⁃ temporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa hospitalized from March 2008 to June 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Among these cases, 4 were flying injuries, 2 were falling injuries, 2 were traffic injuries and 1 was an iatrogenic syringe injury. Foreign bodies were divided into the following categories: 3 cases of wood from branches, 3 cases of iron filings, 2 cases of broken glass, and one case of a broken syringe needle. Before surgery, all subjects underwent spiral CT three⁃ dimensional reconstruction and CT angiography examinations. After accurately determining the relationship between the foreign body and the internal and external carotid arteries and their branches, patients underwent an operation under general anesthesia to remove the foreign body via a trans⁃oral approach. In addition, patients participated in mouth open⁃ ing training for one week. Then, patients were followed for 1 to 6 months. Results Foreign bodies were removed com⁃ pletely in all 9 patients. Foreign bodies were independently located in the pterygopalatine fossa in 2 cases and in the in⁃fratemporal fossa in 3 cases. There were 4 cases of foreign bodies located in both the infratemporal fossa and the ptery⁃ gopalatine fossa. All 9 patients had the foreign bodies completely removed and were discharged one week after surgery. They were followed for 1 to 6 months. Their mouth opening and occlusion were normal, without any complications. Con⁃ clusion Spiral CT, 3D reconstruction and CT angiography examinations are necessary and important for accurate pre⁃ operation positioning. It is feasible to remove foreign bodies in the infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa via a trans⁃oral approach.

With the improvement of detection technology and the wide application of Internet technology, the scale and types of food safety data continue to increase, which poses great challenges to data analysis technology.Visual analysis, which has emerged in recent years, can help domain experts gain a deeper understanding of the data and insight into the hidden patterns in the data by providing a graphical interactive interface.This in turn can improve the detection, analysis, early warning and traceability of food safety risks, providing new tools for food safety monitoring and surveillance.Firstly, the main sources, characteristics and analysis tasks of food safety big data were analyzed.Then, a classification method for visual associations analysis techniques was proposed, and the visual associations analysis methods for food safety big data in the past 10 years were described from four aspects: attribute correlation, entity associations, comparative analysis and spatio-temporal analysis.Finally, the problems and challenges in this field were presented.

Introduction: Single and double base runs are the most suitable situations to test the running speed of softball players. In women's fastpitch softball, excellent baserunning speed and skill can increase the momentum of the offensive team and put pressure on the defensive team. Baserunning speed may be affected by different situations. The purpose of the presengt study compared baserunning times between different situations (matches and practices) and hitting outcomes (fly and ground balls). Methods: High-speed videos of a team's single and double base runs were analyzed. Twelve female college softball players were recruited for this study: six right and six left batters. Their base running times were compared between situations (match and practice) and hitting outcomes (fly ball and ground ball) using two-way repeated measures analyses of variance. Results: The single-base running speed varied depending on the situation and hitting outcome, with post-hoc comparisons revealing significant differences. Both in matches and practices, the running speed was significantly faster for ground balls than for fly balls (p < 0.001). The running speed for ground and fly balls was also significantly faster during matches than during practices (p < 0.001), with ground ball speeds showing a greater increase in matches than fly ball speeds. Regarding double-base running, only the hitting outcome had a significant main effect, with double-base running speeds significantly faster with ground balls than with fly balls (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The baserunning situation influences the speed of women's baseball players' baserunning. Their running speeds were faster during matches than during practices, particularly for ground balls, which are more affected by the situation. Regardless of single or double-base running or match/practice situations, running speeds are faster after hitting a ground ball than a fly ball. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In patients with intubation, the endotracheal tube oppresses the throat for a long time, causing laryngeal ulcers or paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, resulting in reduced swallowing efficiency. After extubation, evaluation of swallowing and oral rehabilitation exercises should be performed as soon as possible to strengthen swallowing muscle strength and reflex, so as to achieve safe eating. Based on the analysis of the current practices, it was established that the completeness of swallowing care performed by nursing staff in extubated patients is 34.3%. Contributing reasons include: the nursing staff's swallowing care cognition is 55%; the in-hospital evaluation form is not applicable; the swallowing care process is incomplete; there is no swallowing care guide and unified assessment tool for patients after extubation. In order to improve current practice, the following steps were taken: revising the swallowing training evaluation form and swallowing care flow chart; the production of swallowing assessment kits and oral rehabilitation exercise videos covering the five steps of swallowing care; and holding educational courses on swallowing care. After the implementation of the project, the completeness of swallowing care performed by nursing staff increased from 34.3% to 92.3%. The cognitive accuracy increased from 55% to 95.3%, thus reaching the project goal to maintain patient safety and improve nursing quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unpredictable emergency situation might happen due to the adverse reaction to psychoactive drug plus physiological disease problems. When a first aid incident occurs, psychiatry nurses who are inexperienced and lack confidence might have impared judgements and inefficient division of labor, which can contribute to an issue of first aid. The current analysis confirmed that task assignment is not specific, a lack of recognition of the accurate position of the first aid cart materials and standard operation procedure, and that the education training is deficient. Moreover, the restrictions of the first aid environment is also related to first aid results. This project defined the division of task assignment, developed first aid cart material pairing software, revised standard operation procedure, and conducted first aid simulation training classes. Results indicated a rise in the accuracy of first aid procedure from 63.7% to 95.6%, and the first aid procedure cognition rose from 64.89% to 92.12%. Additionally, the project increased the awareness of first aid procedure, self-confidence, and brought the team together to reduce the misstep of first aid procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the molecular mechanism of Micropterus salmoides subjected to ammonia nitrogen stress, the HiSeq sequencing strategy of Illumina platform was used to analyze the gene expression profiles in the liver of M. salmoides at 12h ammonia nitrogen stress (12h) and 24h ammonia stress (24h). We obtained 111.66 Gb of valid data and assembled a total of 133486 unigenes with N50 value of 1000 bp. Comparative transcriptional analysis identified 2072 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at two time points. Specifically, 1516 DEGs were obtained at 12h, consisting of 907 up-regulated and 609 down-regulated genes, while 556 DEGs were obtained at 24h, with 330 up-regulated and 226 down-regulated. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the number of DEGs enriched at 12h was significantly higher than that at 24h, but there were more DEGs related to "Oxidoreductase activity" at 24h. In addition, KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis related pathways. Subsequently, ten DEGs were selected for qPCR validation, and their expression levels were consistent with the sequencing analysis results, demonstrating the reliability of the sequencing data. Notably, the oxidative stress related gene Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 a (HIF1 a), Growth arrest DNA damage inducible protein 45P (Gadd45 P), DNA damage inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4), autophagy related gene microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and apoptosis downstream related gene endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreduclin1a (Ero1 a) displayed significant upregulated throughout the entire process of ammonia nitrogen stress. In summary, ammonia nitrogen stress could cause oxidative stress response in the liver of M. salmoides, while the damaged cells were eliminated by autophagy and apoptosis when the body's regulatory role is insufficient to maintain internal environmental stability. The genes and pathways identified in this study will facilitate further investigations into the molecular mechanisms behind the tolerance of M. salmoides to ammonia stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) issued a new version of the general rules on food hygiene in 2020, which revised and improved the structure, definition and technical contents of the standard, clarified the important role of good hygiene practices in food safety management, and emphasized the advantages of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCPL) in dealing with more complex food safety issues. It also added the latest achievements of standardization research in the field of food safety in recent years, such as allergen control and food safety culture. By comparing the new version of the standard with the 2003 edition of general principles of food hygiene, this paper expounds and analyzes the main changes of the new version of the standard in detail, so as to provide reference for the formulation and implementation of food-related standards in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the nursing experience of a middle-aged male patient who was diagnosed as having COVID-19 and admitted to the negative pressure room of the intensive care unit due to critical illness from June 13 to 24, 2021. Patient data was collected through interviews, listening, direct contact, and observation, and the study performed an overall assessment of the patient on the basis of Gordon's 11 Functional Health Patterns. Major health problems included gas exchange disorder, insufficient resilience, and social interaction impairment. The medical team cooperated in using prone position ventilation to improve oxygenation, while providing detailed information and nursing measures to positively address the disease treatment process and enhance the patient's resilience. Patients and their families are encouraged to join the care plan and provided with adequate information and individual nursing measures during the treatment. During the nursing period, protective equipment covers medical staff's expressions, which inhibits the development of doctor-patient relationship. To compensate for this issue it is recommended to mark the name on the isolation gown and interact with the patient in an enthusiastic manner. In this regard, patients can regain love and hope, finding inner strength and improving resilience, and hence enhancing the quality of care for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taiwan has been an aging society since 2018. As a result, long-term care, end-of-life autonomy, and hospice care have received increasing attention. The government of Taiwan promotes home-based healthcare through the National Health Insurance System to enable the efficient utilization of medical resources and reduce overall medical costs. Taiwan's community hospice and palliative care network is expected to serve as the main care model supplementing partial hospitalization and institutional care. In this article, we review the history of and policies related to hospice and palliative care in Taiwan using a literature review and examining Pingtung County as a case study. The implementation of home-based palliative care is also outlined and policy revisions are proposed. The results are intended to provide a reference for healthcare authorities and medical institutions to promote community hospice and palliative care policies. The integrated care model can enhance the capacity of community-based palliative care, support patients receiving palliative care and their family members and caregivers, and ensure physical and psychological comfort for patients. This model contributes to the realization of older adults' preference for dying at home, which is especially pronounced in cultures where traditional Chinese ideas are deeply rooted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on 186 distribution records of Pinus massoniana in China and 19 climate factors in the three periods from 1931 to 1960, 1961 to 1990 and 1991 to 2017, the MaxEnt model was used to study the climate factors that affected the distribution of Pinus massoniana in China in the past 90 years, the climatic conditions suitable for the growth and distribution of Pinus massoniana, and the distribution of Pinus massoniana in different periods, in order to provide decision-making support for the artificial forests in southern China to cope with climate change. The results showed that: (1) the main climate factors affecting the distribution of Pinus massoniana were precipitation of coldest quarter, precipitation of driest month, temperature annual range, temperature seasonality, annual precipitation and mean Hainan island on the south side was reduced to none, and the distribution boundary of the Leizhou peninsula was about 2° northward than that of the period from 1931 to 1960. (3) With the climate change in the past 90 years, the overall potential suitable area of Pinus massoniana has shifted to the east to the north, the scattered suitable areas on the original west and south sides have decreased, and the total area of suitable areas has shown a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the current suitable areas are mainly distributed in the south of the Qinling-Huaihe line, north of the Leizhou peninsula, and east of the Hengduan mountains. At present, the optimum areas of Pinus massoniana are concentrated in Guangxi province, Guangdong province, Fujian province, central and southern Guizhou province, western Chongqing municipality and eastern Sichuan province, which are the most suitable planting areas for Pinus massoniana plantations.temperature of driest quarter. (2) The total area of suitable area and the area of slight suitable area in the period from 1931 to 1960 were the largest, about 1848800km2 and 874500km2, respectively, the area of optimum area was the largest in the period from 1961 to 1990, about 527100km2, and in the period from 1991 to 2017, the northern boundary was shifted about 1° to the north compared with the period from 1931 to 1960, the suitable area of [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), one of the most common nosocomial infections in critical care units, has been associated with adverse outcomes such as higher medical expenses, prolonged hospital stays, and higher mortality rates. Although studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of oral care in reducing VAP incidence and enhancing patient comfort, few critically ill patients are able to perform oral care independently. Moreover, related evaluations and execution require specialized nursing techniques that rely on well-trained nurses. Unfortunately, descriptions of oral evaluations, caring practices, and hygiene related to pathogenic mechanisms in critically ill patients are scarce in both textbooks and the scientific literature. Based on a review of the related literature, this article discusses: the pathogenic mechanism of VAP; the purpose, principals, and steps of providing oral care to endotracheal tube ventilated patients, with particular emphasis on current evidence on the effect of chlorhexidine on oral care; and the major factors impacting oral care effectiveness. This article is expected to raise awareness of oral care, update the current evidence-based knowledge base, and increase the quality of nursing care provided to critically ill populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious diseases are often stigmatized and criminalized because of the way they are transmitted. An experience providing care to a 37-year-old patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who was admitted to a medical center's quarantine ward in July 2021 due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is described in this article. This patient lived with his mother, who was later diagnosed with COVID-19 as well. He was worried about his mother's health condition and, meanwhile, feared that information about his diseases and person would be exposed by the media. These stressors led to increased feelings of shame and anxiety and to situational low self-esteem. Several interventions were provided, including education regarding the importance of personal hygiene and of maintaining combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to bolster immune system functions. During the isolation period, the nurses most regularly interacted with the patient directly. Thus, we worked to build the nurse-patient relationship by listening to the patient's worries, guaranteeing his privacy would not be compromised, and guiding him to express his emotions to reduce anxiety and enhance confidence. This experience demonstrated the importance of providing psychological care to COVID-19/HIV coinfected patients. We suggest that the government and media distribute correct and neutral information to destigmatize communicable diseases and to foster a friendlier healthcare environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: Aerosol therapy is increasingly used in pulmonary critical care and in patients with respiratory disease. However, improper application of the aerosol delivery device will decrease the therapeutic effect as well as increase the incidence of pulmonary infection. An initial assessment conducted in our intensive care unit found an accuracy rate for nursing staff aerosol-therapy execution of only 55.9%. Possible reasons identified for this low rate included lack of learning experience and resources, lack of related standard operating procedures, lack of related performance assessments, complicated / unfamiliar device assembly procedure, diffuse storage of device components, and a lack of illustrations. Purpose: This project was developed to increase the accuracy rate of performing aerosol therapy to over 90% in our intensive care unit. Methods: We designed diverse learning materials using the model of motivation, developed an evaluation system, simplified the assembly of components based on evidence-based research, improved the storage situation, and added reference illustrations. Result: The accuracy rate in aerosol therapy execution for our nursing staff increased from 55.9% to 95.0% after the intervention. Conclusions: This project used the model of motivation to develop the teaching materials. By using diverse teaching methods, including both in-person classes and online interactive quizzes, we realized high learning satisfaction and efficacy. Along with simplifying equipment handling, improving the working environment, enhancing nurses' aerosol therapy techniques, establishing standard operating procedure guidelines, and adding an evaluation system, we standardized the entire procedure for potential promotion to other intensive care units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few of the interventions currently available for family caregivers (FCGs) of persons with dementia (PWDs) with long-term follow-ups have a grounding in theory and incorporate multicomponent case management formats. Purpose: Based on Pearlin's Caregiving and Stress Process model, this study was developed to examine the effectiveness of a family-centered case management program for PWDs with early to moderate dementia in terms of reducing PWDs behavioral problems and improve FCG outcomes, including distress, self-efficacy, depression, caregiver burden, and health-promoting behaviors. Methods: This randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled trial included 76 dyads of PWDs and their FCGs. The dyads were recruited from outpatient clinics at dementia centers in three district hospitals in northern Taiwan. The dyads were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG, n = 39) and control group (CG, n = 37). The dyads in the IG received a four-month intervention with two home or clinic visits and two telephone interviews. The multicomponent interventions provided assessment, education, consultations, support, and referrals to long-term care resources. The CG received routine care and two social phone calls. Data were collected upon enrollment (T0 = baseline) and at 4-,6-, and 12-months post-intervention (T1, T2, and T3, respectively). Generalized estimating equations were conducted to analyze the effects of the intervention. Results: By controlling for the interaction between group and time, we made a comparison between IG and the CG. The results showed significant improvements from baseline measures in behavioral problems in the PWDs for mood, psychosis, and social engagement, and improvements in the FCGs for distress and self-efficacy for obtaining respite as well as for better control of distressing thoughts, feelings of depression, caregiver burden, and overall health promoting behaviors at T1 and T2 (p < 0.5). Significant improvements were also found in the IG for psychomotor regulation among PWDs and the self-efficacy of FCGs in managing the PWDs' disturbing behaviors and health promotion behaviors for nutrition at T1 (p < 0.5). There were no significant improvements in the outcome variables at T3. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Significant interactions between group and time were found at the 6-month assessment (T2) for improvements in problem behaviors of PWDs and depression, caregiver burden, and distress in the FCGs. Positive effects on self-efficacy and health promotion behaviors among the FCGs were also achieved. The results suggest that a multicomponent case management intervention should be referenced in dementia care policymaking for FCGs and PWDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better understand the surface morphology and formation mechanism of ion-etched pure copper, argon ion implantation was used to etch polycrystalline pure copper. By changing the power parameters and the original surface roughness, the variation of the surface morphology of polycrystalline pure copper with etching time under different conditions was investigated. Scanning electron microscope and white light interferometer were used to characterize and test the grain orientation, surface morphology and surface roughness of polycrystalline pure copper after etching. The relationship between grain orientation and etching rate was revealed by electron backscattering diffraction and white light interferometer. The results show that both the power parameters and the original surface roughness can affect the morphology change, and the difference of etching rate is the main reason for the morphology change. The etching degree of different crystal surfaces is anisotropic, and the etching rate of {100} oriented grains is faster than that of {111} and {110} oriented grains. The evolution of surface roughness after etching goes through two stages: rapid increase to gradual stability.

Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase1-like kinases (CrRLK1Ls), a class of plant-specific protein receptor kinases, play an important role in maintaining cell wall integrity, cell-to-cell communications, and biotic and abiotic stress response. In this study, StCrRLK1Ls family members were identified, and their physical and chemical characteristics, chromosome location, evolutionary characteristics, subcellular location, and the expression patterns were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that 17 StCrRLK1Ls members were detected, with amino acid size (753-997 aa), molecular weight (83.34-108.69 kD), and isoelectric point (5.30-7.56). Among them, StCrRLK1Ls were mainly predicted on plasma membrane. Evolutionary analysis indicated that CrRLK1Ls from potato, rice, apple, Arabidopsis, and tomato could be divided into seven subgroups, and StCrRLK1Ls were distributed in subgroups III, IV, V, VI, and VII. Moreover, StCrRLK1Ls were distributed on eight chromosomes, and there are three tandem repeat gene clusters, including six members. In addition, there were many cis-elements in the promoter region of StCrRLK1Ls, which mainly responded to hormones, defense, and stress signals. After the inoculation with Phytophthora infestans (Pi), a large number of StCrRLK1Ls were differentially expressed in Atlantic and Longshu 7, and the relative expression levels of StCrRLK1L8 and StCrRLK1L10 were obviously up-regulated during Pi infection. The relative expression levels of StCrRLK1L11 were 9.74 times compared with the control at eight days Atlantic inoculated Pi. We speculated that they could be used as the candidate genes for disease resistance and further functional analysis, which might play an important role in response to pathogenic fungi of potato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To explore the results of gender assignment of the patients with 46, XY disorders of sex development (DSD), and provide reference for clinical decision-making of similar patients. Methods·The clinical data of 46,XY DSD patients who were treated in Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from 2015 to 2018 were collected. All the patients completed comprehensive assessments in the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology. Gender assignment was carried out after multidisciplinary treatment team discussion and full communication with the patients and/or the family members. The gender assignment results of these patients with different conditions were analyzed. The follow-up began 1 month after operation until 18 years old. Psychological assessment was performed after puberty. Results·A total of 52 patients with 46,XY DSD were collected. Before admission, 26 cases were female and 26 cases were male. Thirteen female patients were assigned to the same gender, among whom 6 cases were diagnosed as having complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, 2 cases diagnosed as having 17α-hydroxylase deficiency with extremely poor testicular function, 1 diagnosed as having complete gonadal dysplasia, and 4 diagnosed as having testicular dysfunction; otherwise 13 female patients changed gender to male, because 3 patients had partial androgen insensitive syndrome, 4 patients had 5α-reductase deficiency, 2 patients had androgen synthesis disorder, and the etiology of 4 patients was unknown (gonadal biopsy showed that both gonads of the patients were testicular tissues). All the 26 male patients were assigned to the same gender, among whom 11 cases were diagnosed as having 5α -reductase deficiency, 6 diagnosed as having partial androgen insensitivity syndrome, 4 diagnosed as having androgen synthesis disorder, and 5 cases with unknown etiology (gonadal biopsy showed bilateral testicular tissues in 2 cases and unilateral gonadal dysplasia with contralateral testicular tissue in 3 cases). Thirteen patients who reached the age of psychological evaluation did not exist gender identity confusion. Conclusion·The 46,XY DSD patients with complete gonadal dysplasia, complete androgen insensitivity syndrome or testicular dysfunction can be considered for female gender assignment. The patients with 5α-reductase deficiency or partial androgen insensitivity syndrome can be considered for male selection. For the children with unknown etiology, it should be considered comprehensively according to the specific phenotype and the actual situation of children's families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this case study was to explore the life adjustment of a female teenager transition from juvenile detention facility to community. The interview method was conducted after a female teenager aged 17. Based on these data by ecological system model, there are some suggestions to future policy, including: (1). Provide statutory follow-up services for the juveniles from the juvenile detention facility; (2). Strengthen the identification function of the juvenile detention facility; (3). Implement the cooperation of the juvenile guidance network system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The requirement for feed evaluation in the pig industry is getting increasingly more attention, and how to establish a fast and effective evaluation process is now very important. The bionics digestion is an in vitro evaluation technology that simulates the environment and conditions in the digestive tract of animals. The advantages of this technology include continuous sampling, monitor in real-time, low cost, high efficiency, good repeatability, and greatly reduced demand for experimental animals. According to the simulated digestive structures, the current digestion models were divided into a mono-compartmental model that only simulates a single organ; and a multicompartmental model that simulates the continuous digestive tract. By the simulated digestion process, these digestion models can be divided into two main methods including static digestion and dynamic simulation. The development of in vitro digestion models can provide feasibility evaluation of animal diets in vitro, which when combined with in vivo experiments, it is possible to establish correlations to predict the feeding value of testing diets. Feed evaluation is in great demand in swine science and industry. However, the operating conditions of various in vitro pig digestion simulation methods used currently showed quite a difference. This review from the perspective of pig in vitro digestion evaluation discusses the condition setting considerations for the pig in vitro digestion evaluation. The following conditions including the digestion environment setup, digestive enzymes supplementation, digestion operation period, and removal method of digestion products are analyzed. This review also discussed the applicability of in vitro fermentation to stimulate the digestion of the large intestine after gastro-intestinal digestion with pig feces as microbial inoculation source. Finally, the limitations of models used to simulate the in vitro digestion of pigs and the current problems that need to overcome are discussed for improving future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale and examine its reliability and validity in medical undergraduates. Methods · Convenient sampling was used. One thousand one hundred and eight medical students were selected and assessed with Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale, forty-two of which were reassessed after 2 months. SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 22.0 were used for analysis. Pearson correlation coefficient and content validity index (CVI) were used to examine the content validity; factor analysis and independent sample t-test were used to examine construct validity and differentiated validity. Reliability was assessed by internal consisitent reliability (Cronbach's α), split-half reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient) and retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC). Results · The average score of Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale of the total 1 094 participants was (21.02±10.86). Three hundren and eight participants (28.15%) had suicide ideation, 68 had suicide attempt, and 38 used to have suicide behavior. Item-level CVIs (I-CVIs) were all higher than 0.80, and scale-level CVI (S-CVI) was 0.97. The correlation coefficients (r) of each subscale and its items ranged from 0.842 to 0.916. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) statistic was 0.691 and P value of Bartlett Test of Sphericity was less than 0.001, so the result showed the data was suitable for factor analysis. Principal component analysis and the maximum variance orthogonal rotation were used to extract 3 common factors with eigenvalue ≥ 1. The cumulative variance contribution rate was 76.01%. Each fitting index of the modified confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fitted well [χ2/df=3.652, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.070, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.977, goodness of fit index (GFI)=0.979, normed fit index (NIF)=0.969, incremental fit index (IFI)=0.977], and all the factors' loadings were over 0.6. The total score of suicide attempt group (33.85±11.42) was higher than that of non-suicide attempt group (27.60±9.35) (t=4.621, P=0.000), and the total score of suicide behavior group (36.18±12.60) was higher than that of non-suicide behavior group (27.97±9.37) (t=3.870, P=0.000). The Cronbach's α coefficient of Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale was 0.794, the Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.729, and ICC was 0.846. Conclusion · Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale includes 3 dimensions: self-perceived suicidal ability, impulsivity and tolerance of pain. The validity and reliability of Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale was good among Chinese medical undergraduates. The scale can be used to identify whether an individual, especially the people with suicide ideation, has the ability to commit suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a kind of multipotent stem cells which are isolated from the adipose tissue. They can induce the differentiation of osteoblasts under certain treatment, and are important in the repair of osseous tissue. Research has found that ADMSCs can induce the differentiation of MSCs in the direction of osteogenesis by secreting cytokines and extracellular vesicles and activating GF-β/BMPs, Wnt and other signaling pathways. Research has also found that applying ADMSCs and their extracellular vesicles to the clinical treatment of osteoporosis has low extraction cost, high safety and good application prospect, compared with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. This review intends to summarize the major patterns and molecular mechanisms of ADMSCs in inducing osteogenic differentiation and further discusses the advantages and prospects of applying ADMSCs and their extracellular vesicles to the clinical treatment of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is one of the common severe complications in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), as well as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. As previous studies showed, CVS is closely related to the changes in the expression of vasoconstrictors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the present study, we measured the levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), angiotensin II (Ang II) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in SAH patients' CSF to demonstrate the relationship with CVS. Methods A total of 18 patients with SAH were enrolled from September 2018 to January 2019. CSF samples were collected within 3 d, 3-5 d, 5-7 d, 7-10 d and more than 10 d after SAH. The levels of ET-1, Ang II and TXB2 were detected by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Results The levels of Ang II (P = 0.041) and TXB2 (P = 0.050) in CSF at different time points were significantly different. The level of Ang II at ≥ 10 d after SAH was significantly lower than that at < 3 d (P = 0.009) and 5-7 d (P = 0.000) after SAH. The level of TXB2 reached the peak at 5-7 d after SAH (P = 0.036, 0.008), and then gradually decreased without significance. The level of ET - 1 in CSF at different time points were not different (P > 0.05). Conclusions The levels of Ang II and TXB2 in SAH patients' CSF present dynamic variation with the progression of the disease. This may be involved in the occurrence of CVS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]