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Chaos-modulation-based ultra wide band （UWB） communication was addressed.A new structure for the pseudo-chaotic encoder was presented,and some decoding schemes were also given accordingly.The performances of such decoding schemes were compared in the AWGN channel.Simulation results verify and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of corn stalk leaves and pith on the growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, and serum biochemical indexes of mutton sheep. Thirty healthy ewes weighing (30.0 ± 3.0) kg were randomly divided into two groups according to the principle of similar body weight, with three replicates in each group and five ewes in each replicate. The sheep in the control group were fed a corn straw as the roughage, the sheep in the experimental group were fed corn stalk leaves and pith as the roughage, and the sheep in the experimental group and the control group were fed the same concentrate. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the formal trial period was 90 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average daily gain of the experimental group increased by 10.58%, the average daily dry matter intake increased by 1.01%, and the feed to gain ratio decreased by 8.66%. The apparent digestibility rates of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, calcium, and phosphorus in the experimental group were 6.52%, 8.69%, 9.43%, 8.17%, 8.43%, 5.87%, and 6.51% higher than those in the control group, respectively. Compared with the control group, the total protein content, globulin content, and alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum of sheep in the experimental group increased by 3.41%, 10.70%, and 12.42%, respectively, and the urea nitrogen content decreased by 5.00%. The concentrations of serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, complement C3, and complement C4 in the experimental group were 5.89%, 7.90%, 7.58%, 6.95%, and 2.66% higher than those in the control group, respectively. The experiment o indicates that compared with the whole corn stalk, corn stalk leaves and pith are a kind or high quality roughage herbivorous livestock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relying on the advantages of simple and fast applications, easy deployment of applications, and on-demand scaling of running applications, cloud native technology has been rapidly promoted. However, with the application of cloud native, the system architecture has become more complex and the scale of resources has become larger, and there is an urgent need for more intelligent operation and maintenance. Using intelligent operation and maintenance can better assist cloud-native application development, reduce operation and maintenance costs, and improve service quality. The application scenarios, key points, classic practices and existing problems of intelligent operation and maintenance were analyzed, and a cloud-native intelligent operation and maintenance architecture were proposed, and the main principles of the three scenarios: the trend prediction, data anomaly detection and fault location diagnosing in the core service algorithm platform were introduced in detail, and finally the future of intelligent operation and maintenance were looked forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the limitations of configuration scenarios， energy storage capacity configuration takes long time and the net profit value of energy storage capacity is small. Research on energy storage capacity configuration method for power system based on an improved particle swarm optimization （PSO） is proposed. First， the power system energy storage capacity is determined， and the storage capacity configuration constraints are analyzed in respect of the remaining power， charging and discharging efficiency， and reliability of the energy storage system； then， with the objective of maximum net revenue of storage capacity configuration， an economy model of the power system is constructed， and the improved particle swarm algorithm is introduced to solve the model and complete the configuration of the power system energy storage capacity. The experimental results show that the proposed method takes shorter configuration time while owning higher net energy storage capacity revenue， which verifies the application performance of the method.

Aiming at the problems of feature extraction and long model training time in analog circuit fault diagnosis, an analog circuit fault diagnosis algorithm based on deep extreme learning machine is adopted. The algorithm introduces the idea of auto encoder in deep learning into the extreme learning machine to construct a depth network, and forms more abstract advanced features from the underlying fault features. It can learn data features autonomously, avoiding additional feature extraction and selection. Finally, two analog circuits of Sallen-Key and four operational amplifiers with double quadratic highpass filtering are taken as examples to carry out the simulation research. The experimental results verify the feasibility of fault diagnosis in analog circuits, and also show that the model has fast learning speed, good generalization ability and strong diagnosis ability. The classification accuracy of fault diagnosis can reach 100%, and the diagnosis time is about 0.3 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α-ionol was synthesized from a-ionone via the selective reduction. α-ionol-β-D-glucoside was synthesized from α-ionol via the reaction with tetra-O-α-acetyl-D-glucopyranosyl bromide under the phase transfer catalyst to give the corresponding α-ionol-2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucoside, followed by deacetylation. The appropriate conditions for this glucosidation reaction were as follows: 10% tetrabutyl ammonium bromide was added to catalyze a reaction between Br-glucose-tetraacetateand α-ionol at a ratio of 1.6:1 in CHCl3-H2O allowed to proceed for 8 h at 60 °C. The yield rate of glycosylation reaction was 30%. The target products were characterized β-configuration by FT-IR, ¹H NMR and ESI-MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the tractive performance of lightweight vehicle on soft ground, this research aim at establishing tractive trafficability predicted model through soil bin tests under light load. This paper adopt the condition of light load with wheel load ranging from 30 to 90 N, the wheel sinkage, drawbar pull and tractive efficiency were taken as experimental indices, the wheel diameter, load and slip ratio were as experimental factors, and the regression orthogonal experiment scheme was designed. The effects of experimental factors on wheel tractive trafficability were also analyzed. Results showed that the wheel sinkage increased with the decrease of the wheel diameter or the increase of the wheel slip ratio and load, and the average relative increase rates were 14.3%, 36.9% and 77.4%, respectively. Results also indicated the wheel load had the most significant influence on the experimental indices, and the confidence coefficient value was up to 90%. Through the mentioned analysis above, a linear regression equation of wheel sinkage between wheel diameter, load was obtained. Compared with the measured and predicted values of wheel sinkage, both the residual error and the relative error of the two increased with the increase of the wheel load or the decrease of the slip ratio. The maximum residual error was less than 6.5 mm, and the range of the relative error was 1.4%-17.9%. Therefore, the linear regression equation could be used for the wheel sinkage prediction. In order to study the effects of wheel load and diameter on its tractive trafficability, experiments were also carried out when wheel load was 60 N and wheel diameter was 250 mm, separately, while the slip ratio range was 5%-60%. Results showed that the average increase ratio of the wheel drawbar pull was up to 29.71% with the increase of the wheel diameter, and it increased by 2.63 and 2.95 times with the increase of the wheel load and slip ratio, respectively. The wheel load had the most effect on the traction efficiency, the slip ratio secondary, and then the wheel diameter. When the wheel load was 60 N, the average value of maximum traction efficiency was about 0.23, and the corresponding slip ratio was 26.86%. From the results and analysis above, this paper suggests that the wheel load should be greater than 60 N to ensure the wheel traction efficiency is above 0.2, and the slip ratio between 10% and 40% is reasonable for a preferable tractive trafficability. Based on the traditional sinkage model and the linearization formula of wheel-soil contact stress distribution, and combined with testing results, a new sinkage model was established, which was suitable for the wheel slip conditions. The improved model has comprehensively considered the effects of the factors on the wheel sinkage, including wheel diameter, load, drive torque, drawbar pull and slip ratio. The range of the relative error between the model calculation values and experimental values was 0.8%-11.7%, the mean values of the relative error and the maximum residual error were less than 7.2% and 4.5 mm, respectively. Therefore, the improved model can be more accurate in the prediction of wheel sinkage, compared with the linear regression equation aforementioned. It is also appropriate for the predicting of wheel tractive trafficability. The research results of this paper provide technical methods and basic data for the development of light-weight vehicles and wheel tractive trafficability assessment under the condition of light load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With analysis of the features of decision-making information fusion and actual emergency decision making, this paper presents a decision-making information fusion method based on distance entropy according to the demand for objectivity and scientificity. Firstly, the fusion set is acquired and stored based on knowledge unit model. Secondly, the information units are formed through instantiating knowledge units, which can provide information support for the fusion. Afterwards, the concept of distance entropy is proposed with an element of distance added into the traditional entropy weight method. Thus, we can obtain both local and global fusion weight, finally to gain the global fusion results using the way of linear weighting. Furthermore, the application value and effectiveness of this method are illustrated by empirical analysis. Experimental analysis show that the proposed method can solve problems of the hugeness of knowledge base and improve the objectivity and scientificity of fusion results in decision-making information fusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of α-linolenic acid varied in different germplasm resources and different seed developmental stages in peanut oil. Oneα-linolenic acid synthesis related gene ω-3Δ15 fatty acid dehydrogenase gene, AhFAD3A was cloned from cotyledonary tissues of peanut germinating seeds using RACE and bioinformatics analysis. Its expression patterns were analyzed in different tissues and different period of seed developmental stages by the fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR method between two α- linolenic acid synthesis genes, AhFAD3A and AhFAD8. The results showed that: AhFAD3A gene was mainly expressed in leaf, root and young seed tissue during the period of flowering, and relatively low expression was found in the other developmental stages. This result verified that the gene expression was positively correlated to the formation of α-linolenic acid in seed. AhFAD8A gene was expressed in the green tissue during the whole growth stage of peanut, not detected in non optical tissues. These results laid a foundation for further research in determining the function of AhFAD3A gene, its expression regulation and its relationship with the formation ofα-linolenic acid in seed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Built - In Self-Test (BIST), the fault coverage of traditional test generaion is too low, and the hardware overhead is too large. To tackle these disadvantages, a multi-configurable LFSR structure of hybrid test vector generaion is proposed. In the structure, matrix theory is used to configure the feedback network for random vectors and deterministic vectors. For the deterministic vector generaion, an optimization algorthim of feedback configuration solution is proposed so as to reduce hardware overhead. The hybrid test vectors generated by the structure can ensure the test fault coverage, which can detect random pattern detectable faults and random pattern resistant faults in circuit under test. At last, some examples and several synthesized reference circuits are used to verify the feasiblity of our proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The situation of the authorized system accessing permissions by the organization authorization model was seldom verified. A single-layer access control authorized verification model based on organization for OB4LAC model was put forward, and the relationships between user, position, role and operation were also described by the vectors and matrices. The system operation permission of each user got from organization system were counted directly when multi-user existing in one system. An example to verify the single-layer access control verification model is given and the results clearly show the situation of all the users to allocate authorization. This model is helpful to system security and access control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to creating calligraphic works for sale, Wang Duo often used them as gifts to fulfill certain social obligations. The main recipients were his colleagues at work, local officials, and fellow artists. Among them, two groups were especially significant. First, Wang gave calligraphic works to local officials, which allowed him to maintain friendly relations with important families and enjoy certain privileges. Second, Wang also gave his valuable works to powerful Han officials in the Qing court in hopes of establishing a social network in the new dynasty. This clearly conflicts with the account of other former Ming officials in the Qing government, who described Wang as reluctant to serve the Manchus and as leading a decadent life. Here, Wang Duo's actual social attempts are revealed by the whereabouts of his calligraphic works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking track programming mathematical models of "mud puncturing dragon" robot as computer simulation models, the simulation of moving process of "mud puncturing dragon" robot by means of computer was studied, A number of simulation programs were programmed and some better simulation results were gotten. By running the simulation programs, the moving process of "mud puncturing dragon" robot can be observed directly. On the basis of above work, kinematics and dynamics simulation of "mud puncturing dragon" robot can be studied. Meanwhile, this research is beneficial to the design improvement of both the model machine and the practical machine of "mud puncturing dragon" robot, and to the application analysis of the robot as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When space phase factors are the same in one direction or two orthogonal directions,the convensional direction-of-arrival methods cannot estimate DOA effectly,resulting in performance degradation.Therefore,joint diagonalization technique was utilized to estimate two-dimensional (2D) DOA on the basis of DOA matrix method.This technique can not only achieve automatic pairing of estimated DOA,but also effectively resolve the performance degradation when the space phase factors are the same.The simulation results show the effectiveness of the technique.

The paper studied relation between soft coal thickness and outburst of coal and gas, and got a conclusion that risk of outburst of coal and gas increases when soft coal thickness increases suddenly (rate of change ≥10%) or the thickness is more than 0.8 m over a period of time. In order to improve accuracy of outburst prediction, electromagnetic radiation is employed to analyze response regularity of soft coal thickness and electromagnetic radiation. The result shows that electromagnetic radiation of soft coal is higher than hard coal, and if soft coal thickness increases or sustains higher (≥0.8 m), value of electromagnetic radiation increases or sustains high too, outburst risk increases accordingly; there is a positive correlation between soft coal thickness and electromagnetic radiation, and the correlation coefficient is 0.824.

To evaluate accurately the performance of the network switching equipment and the scheduling algorithm, it was very important to use a simulated network traffic which represents the major characteristics of real network. The study and analysis on the network traffic in recent years showed the traffic distribution was long-rang-dependent and self-similar, not Poisson process. Combining the modern statistical result on network traffic with the existing traffic models, a practical traffic model was constructed. Based on Pareto distribution and truncated power-tail distribution the model presents nice self-similar property in macro-scale. A practical network traffic generating system is built for evaluating the performance of switch fabric and its scheduling algorithm.

To investigate the effects of pore pressure of methane adsorption on porosity and swelling deformation of coal,a micro-CT system named μCT225kVFCB was adopted and the coal sample was molded to cylinder shape with a diameter of 5 mm. The samples were scanned for 360 degree during methane adsorption to observe the mesoscopic characteristics. It concludes that the coal porosity decreases and the volume swelling deformation are caused by methane adsorption, and the volumetric swelling deformation obeys the Langmuir Equation. The changes of the volume swelling deformation and porosity are non-homogeneity in meso-scale coal sample, and the porosity in adsorption state is effectively estimated by the determination of coal bulk volume swelling deformation. In the process of gas adsorption,the decrease of pore volume and the expansion of bulk volume are resulted from coal skeleton volume swelling. Both of them have effects on the porosity of coal,and it inclines to squeeze the original porosity of coal to obtain spatial expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the surface electric potential signals during the coal adsorbing gas, designed the experiment system of the coal adsorbing gas and tested the electric potential signal generated during the coal adsorbing gas under different gas pressure. Experiment results show that surface potential signals can be generated in the process of adsorbing gas, and they increases gradually along with the growth of adsorption time. For the same coal samples, different gas pressure from the coal surface potential signal to the first adsorption gas pressure of coal potential signal has a memory effect in the process of absorption. When the adsorption gas pressure is higher than the first adsorption gas pressure, the coal induces stronger surface potential signals. And when the adsorption gas pressure is lower than the first adsorption gas pressure, the coal induce weaker surface potential signals. The main reasons why surface potential signals can be generated from coal adsorbing gas are that the gas seepage in coal pores produces flow potential and free charge is generated when the gas damages micro cracks and crack of coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was made on the rules of surface potential of coal or rock during friction process. The mechanism producing surface potential of coal or rock friction was discussed initially. The results show that surface potential can be produced during coal or rock friction process, and it has a better corresponding relationship with load. The coal or rock friction process can be divided into two stages: static friction stage and kinetic friction stage. The surface potential signal in kinetic friction stage was stronger than that in static friction stage. During rock friction process, the polarity of surface potential signal was basically bidirectional mutation, and the polarity of surface potential on both sides of friction surface had obvious symmetry. While the polarity of surface potential signal was basically unidirectional mutation in coal friction process, and the polarity of surface potential on both sides of friction surface was not in significant symmetry. The changes of surface potential during coal or rock friction process can be explained by mechanism of electricity produced by friction, thermionic emission and field electron emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the short- and mid-term effectiveness of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for post-traumatic arthritis (PTA) of knee., Methods: The clinical data of 30 patients with PTA of unilateral knee between March 2014 and September 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 14 males and 16 females with an average of 64.5 years (range, 33-81 years). The average body mass index was 26.7 kg/m 2 (range, 19.8-35.6 kg/m 2 ). The types of injuries that caused PTA included intra-articular fracture in 16 cases, extra-articular fracture in 8 cases, and soft tissue injury in 6 cases. The initial injuries were treated by conservative therapy in 12 cases and by surgical therapy in 18 cases. Ten cases were medial compartment osteoarthritis and 20 cases were lateral compartment osteoarthritis. According to Kellgren-Lawrence staging, there were 19 cases of grade Ⅲ and 11 cases of grade Ⅳ. The operative time, the length of hospital stay, complications, and subjective satisfaction were recorded. The Oxford Knee Function Score (OKS), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, and knee range of motion (ROM) were used to evaluate knee function. Weight-bearing X-ray films were taken to measure the femoro-tibial angle (FTA) and to assess alignment correction of the lower limb., Results: The operative time ranged from 50 to 95 minutes (mean, 63.7 minutes), the length of hospital stay ranged from 3 to 8 days (mean, 6.9 days). Superficial infection occurred in 2 patients, while the remaining incisions healed by first intention. There was no deep vein thrombosis or neurovascular injury. All patients were followed up 17-109 months (median, 70 months). At last follow-up, OKS score, HSS score, and ROM in 30 cases significantly improved when compared with those before operation (P <0.05). Lower limb alignment was significantly corrected and there was significant difference in FTA of the varus and valgus knees between pre- and post-operation ( P <0.05). The patient satisfaction rate was 86.7% (26/30). Two cases developed contralateral osteoarthritis progression during follow-up. No bearing dislocation, prosthesis loosening or sinking occurred and none required further revision., Conclusion: For patients with PTA of knee, UKA can obtain definite short- and mid-term effectiveness with high patient satisfaction.

Objective: To study the effects of α-enolase ( ENO1 ) gene interference expression on proliferation, and cell cycle of follicular granulosa cells from Zi geese. Methods: F1 follicular granulosa cells were primary cultured (mixed culture), which were divided into four groups: ENO1 interference expression group (RNAi), unrelated sequence group (NC), culture group (Control), transfection reagent group (Lip). The apoptosis rate and cell cycle phase of the interference group and the control group were detected by the flow cytometry. Results: ENO1 gene interference expression slowed the proliferation of granulosa cells, increased the apoptosis, and increased the proportion of granulosa cells in G2/M phase. Conclusion: ENO1 gene interference expression could cause G2/M phase arrest in primary cultured goose follicular granulosa cells, induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation.

Objective: To investigate the short-term effectiveness of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis of super-age patients over 85 years old., Methods: Senile patients with unilateral compartment osteoarthritis of the knee who received UKA between November 2013 and May 2017 and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled as the research objects. Among them, 40 patients (50 knees) were more than 85 years old (super-age group) and 44 patients (50 knees) were 52-81 years old (control group). There was significant difference in age between the two groups ( t =17.33, P =0.00). There was no significant difference in body mass index, degenerative classification of medial and lateral compartments, varus deformity of knee, disease duration, complicating diseases, and preoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit (HCT), American Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, range of motion (ROM) of knee, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and femoral-tibial angle (FTA) between the two groups ( P >0.05). Hospital stay, hemoglobin, and HCT of the two groups were recorded before operation and on the first day after operation. The changes of hemoglobin and HCT after operation were calculated. During follow-up period, the ROM of the knee, HSS score, and VAS score were measured; the position of the prosthesis and FTA were observed by X-ray films., Results: There was no significant difference in hospital stay between the two groups ( t =1.05, P =0.29). Hemoglobin and HCT of the two groups on the first day after operation were significantly lower than those before operation ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the postoperative changes of hemoglobin and HCT between the two groups ( P >0.05). All the patients were followed up completely except 4 cases (5 knees) in the super-age group. The follow-up time ranged from 14 to 44 months of super-age group (mean, 29 months) and 21 to 33 months of control group (mean, 24 months). There were significant differences in HSS score, VAS score, ROM of the knee, and FTA between pre-operation and last follow-up in the two groups ( P <0.05). There was significant difference in HSS score between the two groups ( P <0.05), and no significant difference was found in ROM, VAS score, and FTA between the two groups ( P >0.05). X-ray film showed no adverse position of the prosthesis, infection around the prosthesis, prosthesis loosening, or pathological bright lines., Conclusion: UKA combined with reasonable perioperative management in the treatment of super-age patients over 85 years with knee osteoarthritis is safe and feasible, and can obtain satisfactory short-term effectiveness.

Objective: To explore the imaging features of intramedullary guide rod and its influence on the alignment of the femoral prosthesis in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA)., Methods: Between August 2016 and November 2016, 50 patients (50 knees) with primary anteromedial osteoarthritis were treated with UKA by Oxford MicroPlasty minimally invasive replacement system. There were 10 males and 40 females. The age ranged from 62 to 77 years with an average of 68.8 years. Preoperative varus and flexion deformity angles were (5.22±3.46)° and (7.42±2.65)°, respectively. The knee range of motion (ROM) was (106.85±7.62)°. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score was 68.26±4.65. The angles between the femoral intramedullary guide rod and the anatomical axis of femur on the coronal and sagittal planes, the femoral component valgus/varus angle (FCVA), the femoral component posterior slope angle (FCPSA), knee varus deformity angle, and knee flexion deformity angle were measured by intra- and post-operative X-ray films. The postoperative ROM and HSS score were measured., Results: Intraoperative X-ray films measurement showed that the lateral side angles between femoral intramedullary guide rod and femoral anatomical axis were observed on coronal plane, and the angles ranged from 0.28 to 2.06° with an average of 0.96°. While the posterior side angles were observed on sagittal plane, and the angles ranged from 0.09 to 0.48° with an average of 0.23°. The angulations (>1°) between femoral intramedullary part guide rod and outside part of the rod were confirmed in 12 cases (24%) on coronal plane. Postoperative femoral prosthesis were mild varus in 38 patients (76%). The FCVA ranged from -1.76 to 4.08° with an average of 2.21°. The FCPSA ranged from 7.12 to 13.86° with an average of 9.16°. All patients were followed up 22-26 months, with an average of 24.5 months. The incisions healed by first intention. At last follow-up, the varus and flexion deformity angles were (1.82±1.05) and (2.54 ± 1.86)°, respectively. ROM was (124.62±5.85)° and HSS score was 91.58±3.65. There were significant differences between pre- and post-operative parameters ( P <0.05). No complication such as dislocation or aseptic loosening of the prosthesis occurred during the follow-up., Conclusion: UKA by Oxford MicroPlasty minimally invasive replacement system can obtain accurate femoral prosthesis position with the help of intramedullary guide system, and the effectiveness is excellent.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the clinical visiting and prognosis of schoolchildren in Xi'an after immature permanent tooth trauma and explore the prognostic factors associated with this type of trauma., Methods: Through cluster and simple random sampling surveys, 4 013 pupils in schools from nine districts and four counties in Xi'an were sampled, respectively. All pupils and their parents were requested to complete a questionnaire, and children who had immature permanent tooth trauma answered a separate questionnaire and underwent oral examinations. The data of the survey were analyzed statistically., Results: The amount of valid questionnaire was 3 641. Clinical visiting rate related to immature permanent tooth trauma of Xi'an schoolchildren was low (38.2%). Gender and trauma type were the factors related to clinical visiting for dental trauma concerns. The incidence of poor prognosis was 29.7%. The incidence of poor prognosis of patients with clinical visiting (35.4%) was higher than that of patients without clinical visiting (20.6%)., Conclusions: Clinical visiting rate related to immature permanent tooth trauma in Xi'an schoolchildren is extremely low, and incidence of poor prognosis is high.

Objective: The prevalence rate, distribution, and reasons of immature permanent-tooth trauma in Xi'an were investigated and described, and a scientific basis was provided for the decision-making of health-administration departments., Methods: Through cluster and simple random sampling survey, 4 013 pupils in schools from nine districts and four counties in Xi'an were sampled. All pupils and their parents were requested to complete a questionnaire. Oral examinations were conducted for children who had immature permanent teeth trauma. The number of trauma teeth and teeth were recorded. Survey data were analyzed statistically., Results: The prevalence rate of immature permanent dental trauma was 10.5% in Xi'an. No significant differences were observed between districts and counties (P>0.05). The peak age of permanent dental trauma was at 7-9 years old, and the most was at 8 years old (31.5%). The first reason of trauma was falling down (50.9%), and the second reason was crash (36.0%). The most common trauma teeth were maxillary incisors (75.4%)., Conclusions: The prevalence rate of immature permanent teeth trauma in Xi'an was in the middle of all international levels. Children, who are vulnerable to dental trauma at their age, should be provided with appropriate prevention measures to reduce the incidence of dental trauma.

Sixteen compounds were isolated from lichen Usnea longissima using of various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC. By spectroscopic data analyses, their structures were identified by as useanol(1), lecanorin(2), 3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoate(3), lecanorin E(4), 3'-methylevernic acid(5), evernic acid(6), barbatinic acid(7), 3,7-dihydroxy-1,9-dimethyldibenzofuran(8), orcinol(9), O-methylorcinol(10), methyl orsellinate(11), methyl everninate(12), 2,5-dimethyl-1,3-benzenediol(13), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3,6-dimethyl benzoic acid(14), ethyl everninate(15), and ethyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate(16). Compound 1 was obtained as a natural product for the first time, and 3,4, 8,10,12, and 13 were isolated from Usneaceae family for the first time. Compound 1, 8, and 13 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity against NO production in RAW 267.4 cells with IC₅₀ values of 6.8, 3.9 and 4.8 μmol•L⁻¹, respectively, compared with the positive controls curcumin(IC₅₀ 15.3 μmol•L⁻¹) and indomethacin(IC₅₀ 42.9 μmol•L⁻¹)., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To determine the viability of Schistosoma japonicum cercariae by staining., Methods: Schistosoma japonicum cercariae were stained by 0.4% trypan blue, 0.5% methylene blue-eosin-borax (M.E.B), 0.5% eosin, 0.5% methylene blue and 0.05% neutral red, respectively, for 5 min, then they were observed under a stereoscopic microscope., Results: The dead cercariae were stained in the trypan blue, M.E.B, eosin and neutral red, but unstained in the methylene blue. The vital cercariae were unstained in all the five kinds of dyes., Conclusion: The staining methods by using 0.4% trypan blue, 0.5%M.E.B, 0.5% eosin and 0.05% neutral red can be used to determine the viability of S. japonicum cercariae.

Schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis results from excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components which are produced from the activated hepatic stellate cells in liver. Cytokine network disorder is the essential cause of the development of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) promote fibrosis through hepatic stellate cell membrane-specific receptor. This paper reviews the effects of TGF-beta1 type II (TGF-beta1 R II) receptor and IL-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13 Ralpha2) on hepatic fibrosis.

Objective: To investigate microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection., Methods: Thirty mice were randomly divided into chronic T. gondii infection group and normal control group. Each mouse in infection group was infected orally with 30 cysts of the TgCtwh6 strain. Normal group received 0.3 ml normal saline. On the 60th day after infection, immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the number of microglia and morphological change. The expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) was measured by RT-PCR. The expression of iNOS was determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence., Results: Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the number of Iba-1 positive cells in the cortex and hippocampus of infection group (16.5 +/- 0.8 and 17.9 +/- 1.1) was higher than that of the control (8.4 +/- 0.2 and 10.3 +/- 0.8)(P < 0.05). Iba-1 positive cells (i.e. microglia) had larger cell bodies and ramified morphology. RT-PCR result indicated that mRNA level of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in infection group (0.862 +/- 0.169, 0.407 +/- 0.158, and 0.305 +/- 0.073) was significantly higher than that of the control (0.149 +/- 0.030, 0.037 +/- 0.008, and 0.001 +/- 0.001) (P < 0.05). The iNOS protein expression in infection group (0.252 +/- 0.164) was higher than that of the control (0.0433 +/- 0.004) (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence demonstrated that iNOS protein released by activated microglia., Conclusion: Chronic T. gondii infection caused microglial activation, which up-regulate the level of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and iNOS.

The tree shrew is currently located in the Order Scandentia and is widely distributed in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and South China. Due to its unique characteristics, such as small body size, high brain-to-body mass ratio, short reproductive cycle and life span, and low-cost of maintenance, the tree shrew has been proposed as an alternative experimental animal to primates in biomedical research. However, there is unresolved debate regarding the phylogenetic affinity of tree shrews to primates and their phylogenetic position in Euarchontoglires. To help settle this debate, we summarized the available molecular evidence on the phylogenetic position of the tree shrew. Most nuclear DNA data, including recent genome data, suggested that the tree shrew belongs to the Euarchonta clade harboring primates and flying lemurs (colugos). However, analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data suggested a close relationship to lagomorphs and rodents. These different clustering patterns could be explained by nuclear gene data and mtDNA data discrepancies, as well as the different phylogenetic approaches used in previous studies. Taking all available conclusions together, the robust data from whole genome of this species supports tree shrews being genetically closely related to primates.

Objective: To study the clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)., Methods: Clinicopathologic data of 247 patients with GIST from January 2003 to November 2012 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, and the prognostic factors were evaluated retrospectively by univariate and multivariate analysis with Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model., Results: Patients were followed up with a median time of 26 months (1 to 113 months). Twenty-six patients developed recurrence or metastasis, and 18 died of GIST. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 94%, 91% and 83% respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age, tumor location, tumor size, mitotic count and tumor rupture were predictive factors of survival after resection of primary GIST (all P<0.01). For patients at intermediate and high risk to relapse, imatinib group had a higher 5-year overall survival rate than non-imatinib group (85.7% vs. 81.0%, P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size (RR=2.248, 95%CI:1.081-4.677, P=0.030), mitotic count (RR=2.220, 95%CI:1.032-4.776, P=0.041) and tumor rupture (RR=5.183, 95%CI:1.677-16.017, P=0.004) were independent prognostic factors., Conclusions: Tumor size, mitotic count and tumor rupture affect the prognosis after resection of primary GIST independently. Imatinib adjuvant therapy can improve overall survival of patients at intermediate and high risk to relapse after surgery.

On December 5, 2012, a specimen of Chodsigoa caovansunga Lunde, Musser and Son, 2003 was collected at Manhao, Gejiu, Yunnan (N23Degrees Celsius00'43.0'', E103Degrees Celsius26'18.9'', 350 m asl). This finding is the first recorded distribution of C. caovansunga in China and outside of the type locality (Mt. Tay Con Linh II, Ha Giang, Vietnam). The length of the head, body, tail and condylo-incisive are longer than those of the specimens from type locality in Vietnam, indicating a generally larger size. Likewise, the cyt-b sequence (GenBank accession number: JX508288) is 98.6% similar to specimens from type locality. The habitat of collection site was a ravine rain forest with banana plantation nearby.

Objective: In order to study the effect of fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) on human cardiovascular system, the photo plethysmogram (PPG) affected by FNS were recorded and analyzed., Methods: Thirty volunteers' pulse signals were recorded before, during and after the FNS, and 5 PPG characteristics, such as H, Slope, and K were extracted. Changes of each characteristic in three stages were analyzed contrastive and based on which physiological changes caused by FNS were described., Results: The pulse wave showed sensitive on-going short-term changes during the FNS., Conclusion: Changes of characteristics indicates that FNS results in ongoing short-term changes of some physiological parameters such as peripheral blood flow and peripheral resistance.

We studied the sonogram and timing of duets of three groups of Central Yunnan western black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) in Dazhaizi, Mt. Wuliang. The study was based on a 13-month field observation period, from March 2003 to March 2004. A Sony TC-D5 Pro2 recorder, Sony C-76 directed microphone, and Sony tape were used to record the duet bouts in March 2007 and March 2008. Signal/RTS 4.0 was used to analyze the sonogram of the duet. We first presented sonograms of all kinds of sound units in the duets made by western black crested gibbons. The adult male could produce boom, aa notes and modulated figures. Adult females produced great call or abortive great call. The two adult females in each group usually produced great calls synchronously. After the great call, males always immediately produced a modulated figure to coordinate with the female. The interval between the modulated figure and great call was 2.7 s. On average, groups sang on 53% of days monitored, and sang 1.09 duet bouts per singing day. 91.5% of the duets were produced between half an hour before and three hours after the sunrise. The average duration of the duets was 12.9 min, and females produced 4.6 great calls during one duet bout. The intervals between two successive great calls were generally 115 s. There was no significant difference in the duration and frequency of the duet bouts, but there was significant difference in the number of the great calls and intervals between great calls among groups.

Objective: To discover a new gene of candidate molecule for the diagnosis of cysticercosis., Methods: Cysticercus cellulosae cDNA library was immunoscreened with pooled serum of cysticercosis patients. The encoded protein of a new gene, Ts3, was analyzed through biology software (EXPASY) on line. The new gene was cloned, the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a (+)-Ts3 was constructed, and the expressed result was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting., Results: The new gene Ts3 (GenBank accession No. EU338456) was obtained with 531 bp and an ORF of C. cellulosae. With relatively stable structure and physicochemical properties, the new gene was anon-transmembrane protein and contained more protein kinase C phosphorylation site. To induce its expression, the Ts3 gene was cloned into the vector pET28a (+), and a protein with a relative molecular mass Mr21000 was obtained which was recognized by the sera of cysticercosis cases., Conclusion: The Ts3 gene of C. cellulosae was expressed, and the protein shows adequate antigenicity.

A RF coil (or probe) is one of the key components in NMR spectrometers and MRI systems, and designing a quality RF coil is a cheaper way to improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of systems and image quality. According to different applications there are a variety of RF coils. This article describes high-sensitive micro RF coils used in NMR spectrometers specially for test-tube samples. Their performance has been verified on the desktop MRI systems.

To reveal the unique microstructure of silica in rice and its absorption of ultra violet, wet digestion was chosen to isolate silica bodies from rice leaves and bract according to the fact that concentrated acid cannot destroy glass made of SiO2. A mixed solution of sulfuric and nitric acids was applied to the leaves and bract of rice, respectively. After keeping the treated samples in 60-70 "C water bath for 30 hours and times of washing and sedimentation in water, pure silica bodies were obtained. The detection by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) indicated that there was 35. 05% of carbon 10 nm under the surface of the silica body, much more than the amount of 5. 88% on the out surface which might be due to the contamination of the air contact with the sample. This fact showed that acid couldn't get into the silica body to oxidize the inner organic compounds to alter the structure, therefore the chemical and physical properties of the silica measured could account for the original status in the leaf and bract. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that the silica body of rice is made up of inseparable SiO2 particles of 1-2 nm, sticking slackly to form nano-scale rods of average 45 nm wide and arranging in the same direction. Besides, there were lots of pores inside the inner part of the silica body, including both micron-scale pores (< or = 1 microm) and nano interstitial pores(< or =1-2 nm). The bract silica has the greatest absorption at 285 nm of UV-B, while the leaf silica has a very low UV absorption, indicating that silica in the two organs of rice has different mechanism of radiation resistance.

Objective: To discuss the optimal immunization dose by observing the immunoprotective effects of different doses of recombinant Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese strain) signaling protein 14-3-3 (rSj14-3-3)., Methods: Sj14-3-3 gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET28a, then transformed into E.coli to express by inducing. Purified rSj14-3-3 was prepared through SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), electroelution, dialysis, then BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups and immunized in rSj14-3-3 protein followed by challenging infection (the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups were immunized in 50 microg, 100 microg and 300 microg antigen, respectively. The 4th, 5th groups were immunized in Freund's adjuvant and normal saline controls). After 6 weeks of challenging infection, the mice were killed and the worm and egg reduction rates were calculated. And the mice sera in different time were taken to examine the specific anti-Sj14-3-3 IgG., Results: rSj14-3-3 protein was expressed successfully. After immunizing and challenging, worm reduction was found to be 28.20% in the 1st group, 43.10% in the 2nd group, 40.00% in the 3rd group, respectively. Number of eggs in liver tissue was reduced by 41.80%, 57.50%, 55.70%, respectively. Compared the results of the tested groups to the controls, the differences were of significance by t-test (worm reduction rate: t = 6.8 in the 1st group, t = 8.7 in the 2nd group, t = 7.3 in the 3rd group, P < 0.01 in all tested groups. Egg reduction rate at the group's number above: t = 11.23, t = 11.54, t = 7.99, P < 0.01 in all tested groups). As compared the results between the tested groups by chi(2), the differences were of significance between the 1st and the 2nd groups (worm reduction rate: chi(2) = 8.96, P < 0.05; egg reduction rate: chi(2) = 15.69, P < 0.05), between the 1st and the 3rd groups, the differences were also of significance (worm reduction rate: chi(2) = 6.52, P < 0.05; egg reduction rate: chi(2) = 12.52, P < 0.05). The difference was not of significance between the 2nd and the 3rd groups (worm reduction rate: chi(2) = 1.20, P > 0.05; egg reduction rate: chi(2) = 0.93, P > 0.05). In all tested groups, total anti-Sj14-3-3 specific IgG rose markedly. IgG(1) and IgG(2a) subtypes were high, but IgG(2b) and IgG(3) were near the background in four subtypes tested., Conclusion: Immunoprotection of rSj14-3-3 should have some relations with immunization dose, and the protection obtained from immunizing mice by using 100 microg antigen was the best.

Objective: To explore the possibility of heterogeneous gene to express in juvenile Schistosoma japonicum and the application of electroporation in transformation of schistosomulae., Methods: The plasmids of pEGFP-C1 were introduced into mechanically transformed schistosomula with electroporation. The presence, transcription and translation of the transgene in electroporated schistosomula were confirmed by PCR, RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis respectively using the genomic DNA, total RNA and protein extracted and isolated from schistosomula cultured in vitro for 48 hours. Meanwhile, localization of EGFP within electroporated schistosomula was performed with confocal laser scanning micro scope., Results: 760 bp and 276 bp amplified products by PCR and RT-PCR were found coincident with the expected size and expression of EGFP gene in electroporated schistosomula was confirmed by Western blotting. Fluorescence of EGFP was localized in tegument and subtegument of the electroporated schistosomula with confocal microscopy, especially in the anterior part of the worm., Conclusion: The heterogeneous gene of EGFP has been successfully introduced into juvenile S. japonicum by electroporation and the expression of transgene was confirmed with molecular and microscopical methods.

This paper introduces the difficulties ever facing the hospital radiology during the earlier prevention and treatment times of SARS and a RIS/ PACS system based on the DICOM standard and its actual functions in that condition is described, and a typical system project and its related analysis and explanation are put forward.

Cysticercosis is caused by the metacestode form of Taenia solium-Cysticercus cellulosae and it causes great economic losses and threatens the people's health. There are some problems on how to control cysticercosis, in order to resolve the key problem that the native antigen to diagnose and prevent cysticercosis is very limited and is not satisfied, Pichia pastoris Expression System was used to express recombinant P2 protein. The interested P2 gene was got by digesting the pGEM - P2 vector using restriction endonuclease, then it was inserted into the secretory pPIC9K Pichia pastoris expression vector and transformed into E. coli. Positive recombinant plasmids were selected sequenced and named pPIC9K-P2 and it was linearized by Sal I and Bgl II, then the linear DNA transfored into Pichia pastoris GS115 by electroporation. The recombinant expression vector pPIC9K - P2 integrated into GS115 via homologous recombination between the transforming DNA and regions of homology within the genome. The transformants were screened for multicopy recombinants using G418 and were distinguished for Mut phenotypes by MD and MM. Two different phenotypes were generated-HIS+ MUT+ (Methanol utilization plus) and HIS+ MUT(S) (Methanol utilization slow). PCR analysis of the multicopy recombinants indicated that the P2 gene was integrated within the genome of pichia Pastoris. The multicopy recombinants were named GS115/pPIC9K - P2HIS+ MUT+ and GS115/pPIC9K-P2HIS+ MUT(S), both HIS+ MUT+ and HIS+ MUT(S) were induced with methanol. The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot demonstrated that the culture supernatant of the induced Pichia pastoris contained P2 protein which was accumulated up to 33 % of total proteins in the culture supernant and its molecular weight is 12.6kD. The results of the clinical study indicated that the expression P2 protein could be used to diagnose human cysticercosis and swine cysticercosis as diagnosis antigen.

Objective: To clone and express the cell signaling protein 14-3-3 gene from Toxoplasma gondii RH strain., Methods: Toxoplasma RH strain tachyzoites, which maintained by mouse passage, were harvested from ascites of mice and genomic DNA was prepared. A pair of primers were designed and synthesized based on the sequence of Toxo 14-3-3 cDNA. A specific fragment of Toxo 14-3-3 gene was obtained by RT-PCR amplification from Toxoplasma genomic DNA. The PCR products were ligated to pGEM-T. The EcoRI/Xho I restricted fragments, confirmed by PCR and EcoRI/XhoI digestion, were cloned into expression vector pET28a and the recombinants were transformed into E. coli BL21. Fusion expression was induced by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) and confirmed by Western blotting with rabbit anti-Toxoplasma sera., Results: The molecular size of Toxo 14-3-3 was 803 bp, which is highly homologous to the previous report cloned from the parasites of intestinal epithelial stage in cat. High expression was obtained in pET28a/Toxo 14-3-3/E. coli BL21 when confirmed by Western blotting., Conclusion: The recombinant construction of Toxo 14-3-3 was generated and expression was induced.

Objective: To study the localization of the signaling protein 14-3-3 of Schistosoma japonicum (Sj14-3-3) in the parasite., Methods: Cercariae were collected from the infected Oncomelania hupensis for the infection of rabbits. Fifteen-day-old schistosomula and adult worms obtained from infected rabbits 15 and 42 days post-infection were used for frozen sections and indirect immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibody to rSj14-3-3., Results: The results showed that the Sj14-3-3 distributed mainly in the tegument, subtegument, muscle, and parenchyma of both adult worms and 15-day-old schistosomula., Conclusion: The wide distribution and large sites of Sj14-3-3 in the parasite were clearly demonstrated, which established a significant clue for further studies of biologic actions and application of 14-3-3 protein.