Search

In order to analyze the factors affecting yolk blackening in salted duck eggs, this study investigated the differences in the color difference, metal ion contents and proteomics in different parts of normal and black-yolked salted duck eggs. The effects of these factors on the degree and rate of yolk blackening were studied by single factor experiments. The results showed that the higher the contents of Fe and Cu, the smaller the color difference value of yolk and the blacker the color. It was speculated that the sulfide formed by the combination of Fe2+ in phosvitin (Pv) and S2- was responsible for the blackening of egg yolk, and the degradation and desulfurization of cysteine was an important contributor to sulfur production in egg yolk. Microbial load, temperature and pH were important factors affecting yolk blackening. With increasing bacterial load and curing temperature of duck eggs, the rate of yolk blackening increased. H2S was produced in the pH range of 7.0–8.0, and the gas production rate was the fastest at pH 7.5. In summary, it can be inferred that yolk blackening in salted duck eggs is caused by the discoloration reaction between sulfur and iron elements in egg yolk. Curing temperature, pH and the bacterial load of duck eggs have a great influence on yolk blackening.

After comparing the bacterial load of black-yolked salted duck eggs (BSE) and that of duck eggs with different cleanliness degrees, it was found that the total bacterial count on the shell of severely stained eggs (DE) was distinctly higher than that on the shell of non-visually stained eggs (CE), and the total bacterial count in the shell membrane and contents of BSE increased greatly. Furthermore, 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the differences in the composition and abundance of bacterial communities in CE, DE and BSE. It turned out that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla, accounting for 34.35%, 27.25% and 17.28% of the total abundance, respectively, while Bacteroidetes accounted for 8.29% of the total abundance. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacteria in DE and accounted for 89.01% of the total abundance, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were 6.16% and 3.98%. The dominant phyla in BSE were Proteobacteria (76.50%), Bacteroidetes (8.00%), Actinobacteria (6.76%) and Firmicutes (5.43%). The abundance of Proteobacteria in DE and BSE was significantly increased. The dominant bacterial genera in CE were Nesterdella (9.08%), Campylobacter (7.91%), Streptococcus (3.41%) and Oligomonas (2.92%). In DE, Psychrobacter was the dominant genus, accounting for 86.01% of the total abundance, and the relative abundance of Acinetobacter was 2.20%. The dominant bacteria in BSE were Rolstonia (22.91%), Serratia (5.05%) and Actinomycetes (3.32%). The cluster analysis of bacterial diversity showed that the dominant microorganisms of BSE were close to those of DE. The microbial phenotype analysis showed that the dominant microorganisms of BSE were Gram-negative bacteria, had high oxidative stress tolerance and pathogenicity, and could tolerate oxidizing detergents. The results of microbial gene function prediction and species composition of metabolic pathways demonstrated that bacterial carbohydrate decomposition, lipid transport and metabolic oxidation in DE were stronger than those in CE. More coenzyme transport and metabolic pathways could make the biochemical reactions of bacteria from DE faster to produce more secondary metabolites, thus resulting in changes in the quality of duck eggs. This is consistent with the highest bacterial abundance in the secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport and catabolism pathways in BSE. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the cleaner production of duck eggs.

Flavonoids are an important group of polyphenolic compounds found in natural foods, showing great potential for the usage in food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. Nevertheless, flavonoids are generally limited in their potential application in food industry due to their low solubility, poor stability and permeability, resulting in poor bioavailability. It is a promising strategy to use nanotechnology to prepare nanoparticles of flavonoids based on natural biological macromolecules and thus improve the physicochemical properties of flavonoids. Recent researches at home and abroad are comprehensive analyzed in this paper, and the structure and properties of flavonoids are briefly described. On this basis, examples of nanoparticles of various protein and polysaccharide matrices and related research results are presented in this paper to discuss their binding mechanisms and applicability. The development of flavonoid nanoparticles for applications in the food industry is also envisaged. The objective of this study is to provide a theoretical basis and rationale for the development and utilization of natural macromolecular nanoparticles of flavonoids.

Protein nanoparticles are nano-sized protein particles. Compared with synthetic nanomaterials, protein nanoparticles have great advantages in the embedding and transmission of bioactive substances due to their good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In recent years, protein nanoparticles have gradually become a research hotspot. In this paper, the common types of animal protein nanoparticles and plant protein nanoparticles which are currently mainly used in food industry are firstly introduced, and the common preparation methods of protein nanoparticles are also summarized, including anti-solvent precipitation method, salting-out method, nano spray drying method, electrospray method, supercritical fluid method and thermally induced aggregation method. The mechanisms of various methods as well as their advantages and disadvantages in terms of safety, applicability, product quality and operation complexity are analyzed. In addition, the applications of protein nanoparticles in the production of functional foods, the active packaging of foods and the stabilization of food Pickering emulsions are reviewed. Finally, the research status on application safety of protein nanoparticles is concluded. It is hoped to provide theoretical reference for further research on protein nanoparticles.

Welding robot is widely used in many kinds and working conditions of welding production in the current machinery manufacturing industry. It plays an essential role in the machinery manufacturing industry. At the moment, in most industries, welding robots still work by teaching and payback. When the welding object or conditions change, the robot cannot make corresponding adjustments in time, which makes the welding gun deviate from the weld center, resulting in the decline of welding quality. The realization of automatic and intelligent welding is the inevitable development trend in the future. The application of machine vision in the welding field will promote the transformation of welding technology from rigid welding automation to flexible welding intelligence. Welding automation and intelligence are intended to improve the working conditions and environment, reduce labor costs, and improve product quality. Robotic welding technology is known for its great efficiency and consistent quality. A four-step welding seam tracking system is suggested based on segmented scanning, filtering, feature points extraction, and path planning. Through the laser sensor installed at the end of the welding robot, the welding seam data is continuously collected in multiple segments in a segmented scanning manner. To improve the tracking accuracy, a combined filtering method is used to correct the data to reduce the effects of burrs, data distortion, and noise on the surface of the weldment. Then the feature points are collected, and the coordinate system is calibrated in order to identify the welding points. Finally, the spatial welding path is obtained by path planning. Two-dimensional type S and three-dimensional complex welding experimental investigations are carried out. The results show that the proposed method can form a complete welding path. The average errors of the two weldments are about 0.296 mm and 0.292 mm, respectively, which are close enough to fulfill the required accuracy of 0.5 mm. It shows that the proposed tracking method is effective and can provide a reference for the research of high-precision tracking and automatic welding.

Objective： A tomato weight detection method based on image processing was established to realize non-contact tomato weight detection. Methods： The binary image of tomato was obtained through image processing. The geometric features of tomato were extracted by pixel statistics and minimum circumscribed rectangle method, and correlation analysis was made between the characteristics and the real value of tomato weight, then the regression model of tomato weight detection with geometric features as parameters was established. Results： Compared with the real size of tomato, the measurement error of transverse and longitudinal diameter of Tomato by minimum external rectangle method was less than 3%. In addition to fruit shape index, other geometric characteristics were linearly correlated with tomato fruit weight, and the correlation between positive characteristics and fruit weight was more significant. Three types of 20 models were established for prediction and evaluation. The multiple regression model with the parameters of tomato front projection area and perimeter, projection area of a side image and tomato transverse diameter had the highest accuracy, the regression coefficient was 0.962, the average relative error of detection value was 0.673%, and the average absolute error was 1.425 g. Conclusion： The model is suitable for the weight detection of tomatoes and other fruits or articles with similar axisymmetric shape characteristics.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought new opportunities for cancer prevention and control. This review give a brief overview of the origin and basic elements of AI. Then it comprehensively carded the application of AI systems in the field of cancer, reviewed the important research progress of AI in several major types of cancer around image-based cancer screening and diagnosis. Finally, this review summarized the challenges in algorithm, implementation and ethics and future development as well as more ideas for the application of AI technology in the oncological research.

Objective: The aim of this study was to improve the quality of Nongxiang flavor crude Baijiu. Methods: The effect of advancd removing Huangshui fluid in on the quality and yield of crude Baijiu was studied in multi-grain traditional Baijiu at different times during the cellar fermentation cycle. Results: When Huangshui fluid was removed at the 40th day of cellar fermentation of distilled alcoholic fermentative material, compared to the control group at 60th day, the yield of the crude Baijiu was higher (P＞0.05), and the high quality ratio of crude Baijiu, ethyl hexanoate content and ethyl hexanoate/ethyl lactate in superior crude Baijiu were significantly increased (P＜0.05). However, the content of the acetaldehyde and the higher alcohol of the crude Baijiu were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The optimal time of advanced removing Huangshui fluid was at the 40th day of cellar fermentation of distilled alcoholic fermentative material. This study provides a new approach for improving the quality of Nongxiang flavor crude Baijiu by solid-state fermentation.

Aiming at the functional self-lubricating liquid film assisted in-mold micro assembly molding of the micro universal spherical revolute motion pair, the key technical issue to achieve precise control of its manufacturing accuracy is to clarify the multi field collaborative coupling evolution law among the diameter manufacturing tolerance of the micro assembly interface, viscoelastic thermal fluid solid coupling impact load, the thickness of continuous phase transformation evolution zone, thermal viscoelastic plastic stress, and melt viscoelastic characteristics. The research results indicated that the diameter manufacturing tolerance of the micro assembly interface was controlled by the viscoelastic characteristics of the secondary injection molding melt. When the reference viscosity increased from 2 267 to 15 000 Pa*s, the diameter manufacturing tolerance of the micro assembly interface increased by 72. 7 % from 11 to 19 μm. When the relaxation time increased from 0. 05 to 0. 25 s, the diameter manufacturing tolerance of the micro assembly interface decreased by 38. 7 % from 31 to 19 μm. To meet the industry standard of dimensional manufacturing tolerance technical indicators ≤ 30 μm, it is not advisable to use a high elastic melt with a relaxation time ≤ 0. 05 s for the functional self-lubricating liquid film assisted in-mold micro assembly molding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the large-scale construction of subways has caused more and more serious dynamic stray current interference on buried oil and gas pipelines nearby.Effective protection of buried pipelines is necessary to reduce the risk of pipeline corrosion.Because the dynamic fluctuation of subway stray current brings difficulties to the actual test and design of protection scheme, there is still a lack of effective protection design methods under the interference of subway dynamic stray current.In this paper, a buried natural gas pipeline interfered by subway stray current was taken as the research object, and the protection design method based on the field drainage test was explored.Firstly, arranging monitoring points in the interfered pipe section, carrying out detailed 24 h continuous monitoring of dynamic DC interference parameters at multiple interfered locations, and finally analyzing the inflow and outflow laws of subway stray current in the interfered pipe section based on the analysis of monitoring data.On this basis, on-site drainage tests at different locations were carried out, and the subway stray current protection scheme for the interfered pipe section was determined based on on-site tests and related calculations.After the implementation of the scheme, the effect was tested and evaluated, results showed that the expected protection effect was achieved.This work could provide reference for the design of protection scheme for buried pipelines under subway stray current interference.

TC4/Ni60/Ni-graphite composite functional coatings with 25%(mass fraction), 35% and 45%Ni-graphite were prepared on TC4 titanium alloy surface by coaxial powder-feeding laser cladding technology. The forming quality, microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite coatings were studied by means of penetrant inspection, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, energy spectrum analyzer, electron probe microanalyzer, white light interferometer, microhardness tester and friction and wear tester. The results show that the 35%Ni-graphite coating has the best forming quality, and different content Ni-graphite coatings have the same types of reaction precipitates, mainly Ti2Ni, TiC, TiB2, graphite and matrix α-Ti.The TiC coated graphite semi coherent composite phase and TiC, Ti2Ni cross growth coherent composite phase are formed in all coatings, the semi-coherent TiC coating can alleviate the melting of graphite in the molten pool, and the coherent TiC-Ti2Ni composite phase can make the brittle Ti2Ni structure uniformly refined. With the increase of Ni-graphite content, the average microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings decrease gradually, while the anti-friction performance first increases and then decreases, and the wear mechanism is abrasive wear.

The CoSiB/Pd multilayers with MgO/Pd underlayer were deposited by magnetron sputtering technique on the glass substrate. The effect of MgO underlayer's thickness t on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of CoSiB/Pd multilayer was studied, and the thermal stability of multilayers with MgO/Pd underlayer was analyzed. The results show that the performance of PMA of samples improves due to the introduction of the MgO in the bottom layer through the analysis of anomalous Hall effect of samples, when the thickness t of MgO is 3.5 nm, the squareness of the sample is the best. The hysteresis loops of the best sample MgO(3.5 nm)/Pd(3 nm)/[CoSiB(0.5 nm)/Pd(0.8 nm)]2/Ta(2 nm) is tested, and the effective magnetic anisotropy constant(Keff) of the sample reaches 2.0×105 J/m3. The thermal stability analysis shows that the Keff reaches the maximum value 2.6×105 J/m3 at the annealing temperature of 200℃; the sample can still maintain good PMA performance, when the annealing temperature reaches 400℃.

Cavitation phenomenon and hump instability characteristics are the main factors affecting the safe and stable operation of the centrifugal pump unit. In this paper, based on the numerical calculation and model test results of two impeller schemes of a large centrifugal pump unit, the cavitation performance and hump instability characteristics were comparatively analyzed to explore the correlation between the two. At the same time, the hump generation mechanism and the role that cavitation performance played in it were analyzed. The numerical results show that due to cavitation, a hump instability phenomenon appears on the H-Q performance curve in the numerical results. In addition, the impeller with excellent cavitation performance has a uniform pressure distribution on the blade surface in the small flow area and a reasonable minimum pressure distribution, and its hump instability characteristics are significantly improved. The model test results show that under normal operating conditions of the pumping station, by increasing the ratio of plant cavitation coefficient σp to incipient cavitation coefficient σi, the hump margin increases when the impeller cavitation performance is improved. The results show that there is a positive correlation between cavitation performance and hump instability characteristics. The improvement of impeller cavitation performance in the small flow zone reduces the degree of cavitation, the flow in the impeller passage can be improved, hydraulic efficiency can be increased and hump instability characteristics can be improved. The study results provide design reference for the safe operation of large centrifugal pump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore whether the addition of quinoa husks can affect the substance composition, flavor and biological activity of fermented Huangjiu, the traditional self-made Chenfuqu was used to ferment Huangjiu and two groups were set up inclouding ordinary Huangjiu and quinoa husks Huangjiu. The content of heavy metals in the two groups of wine samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the basic physical and chemical indicators, differential compounds and flavor substances of the two groups of Huangjiu were analyzed and compared by highperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and the antioxidant activity of Huangjiu was analyzed. The results showed that the content of total saponins and total phenolic acids in quinoa husks Huangjiu was significantly higher than that of ordinary Huangjiu, and the lead content was lower. Aflatoxin B1 was not detected in both groups of Huangjiu. There were 48 different compounds in the two kinds of Huangjiu, of which alcohols and amides substances were the most abundant, both of which were ten, followed by four kinds of acid substances and two kinds of carbohydrate substances. There were 19 kinds of volatile substances detected by GCMS, 12 kinds of direct sampling, 12 kinds of headspace sampling, four kinds of substances were calibrated by external standard method, and the substances in ordinary Huangjiu were butyl formate, acetic acid and butyric acid, the contents were 5.10±1.10, 4.40±1.70, 10.80±2.20 μg/mL respectively. The substances in quinoa husks Huangjiu were butyl formate, n-butanol, acetic acid and butyric acid, the contents were 9.00±1.80, 7.40±2.10, 4.50±1.00, 9.50±2.10 μg/mL respectively. In terms of antioxidant activity, the Fe2+ chelation rates of the quinoa husks Huangjiu and ordinary Huangjiu were 45.79% and 6.51%, and the tyrosinase inhibition rates were 94.84% and 71.11%, respectively. The quinoa husks Huangjiu was significantly better than ordinary Huangjiu. Compared with ordinary Huangjiu, self-made quinoa husks Huangjiu had higher content of non-volatile substances and volatile flavor substances in the wine body, and higher antioxidant capacity. The results of this study would provide a theoretical basis for brewing a new quinoa husks Huangjiu, and lay a foundation for the high-value utilization of quinoa husks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone metastasis is a common complication of malignant tumors. Breast cancer and lung cancer are mostly with osteolytic bone metastases. The clinical manifestations of bone metastasis are pain, hypercalcemia, pathological fractures, etc., seriously affecting the quality of life of patients and shorten the survival time. However, the mechanism of how tumor cells metastasize into bone microenvironment is not completely clear. The latest studies suggest that before the clinical symptoms of bone metastasis, there is a regulatory role between malignant tumor cell and bone microenvironment. In this paper, we review the specificity of tumor cells and bone microenvironment, and the mutual regulation between tumor cells and bone cells to guide clinical medication.

Objective To explore the gene regulation mechanism of SCLC, so as to provide a basis for the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of SCLC with potential biomarkers. Methods SCLC mRNA data were obtained from the public Gene chip database and DEGs were screened out. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted on DEGs. A protein interaction network was constructed. Core genes were screened out and Kaplan-Meier online tool was used for survival analysis. Results A total of 248 differentially-expressed genes, including 172 up-regulated genes and 76 down-regulated genes, were screened out from 17 cases of small cell lung cancer tissue samples and 19 cases of normal tissue control samples (P < 0.05). The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis results showed that the functions of DEGs mainly involved in cell cycle, DNA replication, mismatch repair, p53 signaling pathway, etc. Through the protein interaction analysis network, the core genes with the highest degree of 6 nodes were selected: TOP2A, PCNA, RFC4, FEN1, CCNA2 and MCM2, which were related to the prognosis of patients. Conclusion The molecular functions and signaling pathways involved in DEGs may be the molecular mechanism of the occurrence of SCLC, and core genes may be potential targets for the treatment of SCLC.

The CoSiB/Pd multilayers with MgO/Pd underlayer were deposited by magnetron sputtering technique on the glass substrate. The effect of MgO underlayer's thickness t on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of CoSiB/Pd multilayer was studied, and the thermal stability of multilayers with MgO/Pd underlayer was analyzed. The results show that the performance of PMA of samples improves due to the introduction of the MgO in the bottom layer through the analysis of anomalous Hall effect of samples, when the thickness t of MgO is 3.5 nm, the squareness of the sample is the best. The hysteresis loops of the best sample MgO(3.5 nm)/Pd(3 nm)/[CoSiB(0.5 nm)/Pd(0.8 nm)]2/Ta(2 nm) is tested, and the effective magnetic anisotropy constant(Keff) of the sample reaches 2.0×105 J/m3. The thermal stability analysis shows that the Keff reaches the maximum value 2.6×105 J/m3 at the annealing temperature of 200℃; the sample can still maintain good PMA performance, when the annealing temperature reaches 400℃.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of transperineal prostate puncture biopsy pain, and construct a column-line diagram model and validate it. Methods Clinical data of 420 patients who underwent transperineal prostate biopsy in the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City from September 2021 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including general information, admission comorbidities, laboratory indexes, anxiety scores, and the occurrence of pain of the patients. Factors affecting the occurrence of moderate-to-severe pain in patients undergoing transperineal biopsy were analyzed, and a column-line graph model was established and validated. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that age, prostate volume, anxiety, diabetes mellitus, biopsy time and number of needles were influencing factors for the occurrence of moderate to severe pain. The area under the curve (AUC) of the modeling and validation groups was 0.894 [95% CI (0. 857, 0.931) ] and 0.879 [95% CI (0.813, 0.945)], respectively. The calibration curves for the modeling and validation groups exhibited good consistency between the predicted probability and the actual probability, DCA curves had more favorable clinical net returns. Conclusion Patient age, prostate volume, anxiety score, diabetes mellitus, biopsy time, and number of biopsy needles are the influencing factors for the occurrence of moderate-to-severe pain during transperineal prostate biopsy, and a column-line graphic risk assessment model based on this has good prediction and consistency, which may provide a basis for clinical practitioners to determine the risk of occurrence of moderate-to-severe pain in patients undergoing transperineal prostate biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Al-Si-Cu alloy system is considered to be a promising choice of filler metal for aluminium alloys brazing due to its high strength and low melting point. The greatest obstacle is its lack of plastic forming ability and being difficult to be processed by conventional methods. This disadvantage is ascribed to the considerable amount of brittle CuAl2 intermetallic compound which forms when alloy composition is around the ternary eutectic point. In order to overcome this deficiency, authors of this article proposed to synthesize Al-Si-Cu filler metal by using in situ synthesis method, and the structure and properties of brazing joints were studied. The results show that AlSi alloy is used as the wrap layer, and CuAl alloy is used as the powder core in the composite brazing wire, the two alloys have similar melting points. The machinability of the composite brazing wire is much superior to the traditional Al-Si-Cu filler metal. During the induction brazing of 3A21 alloy, when using AlSi-CuAl composite filler wire, AlSi and CuAl alloys melt almost simultaneously, then after short time holding, Al-Si-Cu braze filler is obtained, the brazing seam has uniform composition and good bonding interface, also, the shearing strength of the brazing joints is higher than the joint brazed by conventional Al-Si-Cu filler metal.

Theoretical analysis for evaluating the decoding delay and redundancy of the different retransmission schemes show that the feedback based retransmission scheme has a lower decoding delay than the scheme with a fixed retransmis-sion rate, whereas these schemes which retransmit packets containing all packets in the coding window are deeply influ-enced by the loss rate. Therefore a novel network coding retransmission scheme which uses the implicit information of seen scheme to acquire the number of packets the receiver needs for decoding packets is proposed, the encoding rules of retransmission to let a part of packets decodable in advance are changed. Proposed scheme can work well on handling not only random losses but bursty losses in reducing decoding delay. More important, it isn't influenced by the loss rate, and thus can effectively mask losses. Simulation results show that the new scheme significantly outperforms the previous coding approach in reducing decoding delay and increasing throughput at the same time. It is more possible to be imple-mented in practical systems.

In this study, a computational chemistry exploration experiment for senior undergraduate or beginning graduate students is designed. The rotational isomerization reaction of an allyl cation is investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The theoretical experiment involves molecular geometry optimization, transition state location, and establishment of intrinsic reaction coordinates (IRCs). This design can help students understand the basic concepts and operations of computational chemistry. Furthermore, the concepts of molecular microstructures and the notion of "old bonds are about to break and new bonds are about to form" in the transition state theory are discussed. This experiment will also aid the understanding of the differences between reaction thermodynamics and kinetics through the construction of potential energy surfaces. Further investigations of charge population analysis and frontier orbital analysis will aid the understanding of electronic structures of molecules as well as the concept of reaction reactive sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To investigate the morphological development of the compound eyes and the temporal expression of optin genes in queen and worker bees. [Methods] Three colonies of Apis mellifera ligustica with comparable swarming potential were selected for artificial queen breeding, and samples of queen and worker pupae and newly emerged bees were collected on each day of the pupal stage. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the external morphological structure of the compound eyes of developing queen and worker bees, and Image J was used to measure the short and long axes of compound eyes, their area, and the number, area and diameter of the ommatidia. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of three opsin genes in queen and worker pupae. MRNA expression levels of UV-sensitive opsin (UVop), green opsin (Lopl) and blue-sensitive opsin (BLop), were measured. [Results] Ommatidia had differentiated in both queen and worker bees at the end of the pupal period (before emergence). After emergence, the compound eye area of both queen and worker bees became smaller (P < 0.001), and the short axis (P < 0.05), area (P < 0.001), and number of ommatidia (P < 0.001) in the compound eyes of queen bees were less than those of worker bees. However, the area (P < 0.001) and diameter (P < 0.001) of the individual eyes of queen bees were larger than those of worker bees. The mRNA expression levels of the three optin genes in queen and worker bees increased significantly (P < 0.05) after exiting the hive compared to before exiting the hive. In the pre-pupal stage, the mRNA expression level of UVop was higher than that of Lopl and BLop, and UVop was already expressed by worker bees in the middle and late pupal stages. The expression level of Lopl mRNA increased significantly in the middle and late stages of pupation, surpassing that of UVop and BLop to be the most highly expressed optin gene. [Conclusion] Queen bees have fewer ommatidia than worker bees, suggesting that worker bees have better vision than queen bees. Opsin expression patterns differed in queens and workers, mainly in the mRNA expression level of UVop in the pupal stage. The expression of opsin is related to the development of visual cells in vivo. These results provide a theoretical basis for further investigation of the development of the compound eye and photosensory system of Apis mellifera ligustica queens and workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the contradiction of water and grain about the traditional continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) double-cropping system (W-M→W-M, CK) in the groundwater funnel area of Heilonggang Plain, the new rotation patterns with two-year cycle of "one-year traditional W-M + one-year other crops" were designed, trying to find out a water-saving and green stable cropping system suitable for this region. The field experiment was carried out in Wuqiao, Hebei province from October 2018 to September 2020. Setting spring maizes→W-M (Ms→W-M), winter wheat→W-M (W→W-M), spring sweet potato (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill)→W-M (Psw→W-M), spring peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn.)→W-M (As→W-M), winter wheat-summer peanut→W-M (W-A→W-M) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)-silage corn→W-M (P-C→W-M) six rotation patterns with two years cycle, we tried to analyze the characteristics of farmland water consumption. The results showed that: (1) Compared with CK, the annual water consumption of rotation patterns reduced by 3.1%-15.2%, expect W-A→W-M. The annual average water consumption of Ms→W-M, P-C→W-M, As→W-M and Psw→W-M decreased by 6.1%, 7.2%, 9.2%, and 15.2%, respectively, and the annual average net groundwater consumption of the four patterns also decreased by 9.0%, 10.3%, 16.2%, and 32.9%, respectively. (2) The combination of crops at different water consumption levels could achieve water complementary spatially. Winter wheat mainly consumed 0-160 cm soil moisture, which was reduced by 20% compared with sowing. Potato mainly consumed 0-100 cm soil moisture, which was reduced by 12% compared with sowing. Spring peanut mainly consumed 20-80 cm soil moisture, which was reduced by 4% compared with sowing. (3) Partial rotation patterns could reduce the demand for irrigation water and increase soil water storage. In 2019 rotation year, when the irrigation amount of Ms→W-M and As→W-M patterns were 145 mm and 175 mm less than CK, the soil water storage of 2 m increased by 27.2 mm and 12.6 mm compared with the start of rotation year, respectively. When the irrigation amount of W-M→W-M was 300 mm, the soil water storage of 2 m increased by 18.4 mm compared with the start of rotation year. (4) Partial rotation patterns had better economic water use efficiency (EWUE), which were 1.2-1.5 times of CK. The EWUE of As→W-M and W-A→W-M were 1.5 times and 1.2 times significantly higher than that of CK, respectively. Based on the characteristics of farmland water consumption and EWUE, the two-year rotation patterns of As→W-M, Psw→W-M, P-C→W-M, Ms→W-M could reduce the farmland water consumption, meanwhile, maintain and improve the economic water use efficiency, and could be implemented to partially replace the winter wheat and summer maize double-cropping system in Heilonggang Plain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of intercropping with alfalfa and nitrogen application on the functional diversity of soil microbial community in mulberry rhizosphere were examined by Biolog- Ecoplate technique, and principal component and canonical analyses. Compared to monoculture with no nitrogen (N) addition, monoculture with N application and intercropping with alfalfa remarkably reduced soil pH and significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, soil available N, soil water content, and activities of peroxidase and urease. Monoculture with N application and intercropping with alfalfa (with or without N application) increased the AWCD values, diversity index, and the carbon source utilization ratios of soil microbes. Higher increments of these parameters were detected in the treatment of intercropping plus N application. The results of principal component analysis showed that N application and intercropping changed the capacity of the rhizosphere microbial community for utilizing carbon sources. The utilization of carbon sources highly related to the principal components by the rhizosphere microbial communities was similar in the treatments of monoculture with N application and intercropping without N application. The utilization of itaconic acid and D-glucamaminic acid in the latter was more than 4% and was significantly higher than that in the former. The results from redundancy analysis showed that the soil microbial diversity in mulberry rhizosphere of the treatment of monoculture without N application was positively correlated with polyphenol oxidase activity and negatively correlated with soil water content, whereas that of monoculture with N application and intercropping without N application was significantly positively correlated with soil pH and soil water content and negatively correlated with soil N avalaibility. The diversity of the microbes in the rhizosphere soil of mulberries under the treatment of intercropping with N application showed positive correlation with soil N availability and was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to recognize the dynamic signature on mobile terminals, a method based on the match of polar angle characteristics was applied. Firstly, a polar coordinate system was established under the centroid of signature and the centroid of the golden section. Secondly, the Cartesian coordinates which were acquired from mobile terminals were transformed to polar coordinates. Then the extreme points of polar angle characteristics were extracted and used to separate the whole signature. Finally, the integral similarity was obtained between the sample signature and template signature by calculating the similarity of all parts of these two signatures, which can be used to judge whether the sample signature and template signature were made by the same person. The experiment results show that the average false rejection rate of the method is 6. 93 % while the false acceptance rate is 11.26%, so the method can be applied to recognize the dynamic signature on mobile terminals effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart car reversing image and ultrasonic ranging system is designed in this paper. The system realizes real-time acquisition and display for video image through the camera, it transmits and shows obstacle distance information from ultrasonic ranging sensor. With STM32 microcomputer processing data, the performances of processing data rapidly and high precision are obtained. Using the device, obstacle image is displayed on the screen and a buzzer is designed to remind the driver the distance obstacles with different sound. The device can reduce the security risk and remind the driver of attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the determination of predatory activity of the Arthrobotrys oligospora isolated from the soil to Haemonchus contortus L3 to understand its predacious ability in different conditions such as nutrient concentration, ambient temperature and larvae concentration. It mentions that its activity was first increased and then decreased with the rise of nutrient concentration and the ambient temperature and it was higher with the rise of larvae concentration.

The article presents a study regarding the use of the E2 soluble recombinant protein as antigen in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Western blotting analysis was used to demonstrate the antigenicity of the recombinant protein and was purified by glutathione sepharose 4B resin chromatography. Results indicate that rE2-ELISA is suitable for large scale monitoring of CSF.

The article presents a research which investigates the recombinant antigen P32 gene's construction and expression in poxvirus cited in goats.

The forming characteristics of continuous multi-point forming are described through their very principles. FEA model of spherical surface is established. The stress and strain states in different zones of forming process are discussed. Spherical surface equivalent stress field and plastic strain field in the forming process are simulated and analysed. Sheet metal's stress and strain field in the load zone are simulated from the aspect of bidirectional bending. The simulation results are analysed in detail. The simulation results are seen to be in accord with the stress and strain states in bend forming. The forming state of sheet metal can be observed clearly through the numerical analysis of stress and strain fields and dependable forming schedules can be set up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a study which determines the efficacy of live vaccine (LCV-2) against coccidiosis for cage-reared and floor-reared chickens. It notes that two experiments were carried out to test the efficacy of the coccidiosis vaccine for chickens, LCV2. It mentions that the maximum percentage protection against mixed species of Eimera were 100% in the vaccinated challenged group, and their difference between the unvaccinated group is high.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignant plasma cell diseases, the incidence of which is increasing year by year. The application of immunomodulators drugs, proteasome inhibitors, anti-CD38 antibodies, CAR-T, and HSCT have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with MM, however new therapeutic tools need to be developed to improve the prognosis of patients with relapsed/refractory after conventional regimens treatment. Bispecific antibodies are a novel immunotherapeutic approach that generates immune synapses by binding to targets on malignant plasma cells and cytotoxic immune effector cells (T cells/natural killer cells), leading to T/NK cells activation and malignant plasma cell lysis. Several preclinical and phase I clinical studies have shown good efficacy, bringing new possibilities for patients with relapsed/refractory MM to improve their prognosis in the future in combination with the rest of the treatment options. This article summarizes the classification of bispecific antibodies developed in recent years, and the results of preclinical and clinical trials, which will provide some reference for treating MM.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors of pulmonary infection in patients with acute leukemia (AL) after chemotherapy., Methods: A total of 294 patients with AL were collected and divided into infection group ( n =93) and control group ( n =201) according to whether the pulmonary infection occurred after chemotherapy. Analyze the correlation between sociodemographic data (sex, age, BMI), clinical data (disease type, ECOG score, invasive procedure, underlying disease, hormone therapy, empirical use of antibiotics, prognosis stratification, chemotherapy intensity, primitive cell count, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, duration of granulocyte deficiency, platelet count, hemoglobin, and albumin and pulmonary infection after chemotherapy. COX regression method was used to analyze the risk factors of pulmonary infection in AL patients after chemotherapy., Results: Among 294 patients with AL, 11 died within 30 days after pulmonary infection. There were statistically significant differences in age, smoking history, ECOG score, invasive procedure, hormone therapy, empirical use of antibiotics, prognosis stratification, chemotherapy intensity, primitive cell count, neutrophil count, duration of granulocyte deficiency, platelet count, hemoglobin, albumin and fasting blood glucose between the 2 groups ( P <0.05). COX regression analysis showed that smoking history, invasive procedure, unexperienced use of antibiotics, poor prognosis, long duration of granulocytopenia, low platelet level and low albumin were high risk factors for pulmonary infection in AL patients after chemotherapy ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Smoking, invasive procedures, unexperienced use of antibiotics, poor prognosis, long duration of granulodeficiency, low platelet levels and low albumin are risk factors for pulmonary infection in AL patients after chemotherapy.

Objective: To investigate the value of CT-based radiomics and clinical data in predicting the efficacy of non-vascularized bone grafting (NVBG) in hip preservation, and to construct a visual, quantifiable, and effective method for decision-making of hip preservation., Methods: Between June 2009 and June 2019, 153 patients (182 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) who underwent NVBG for hip preservation were included, and the training and testing sets were divided in a 7∶3 ratio to define hip preservation success or failure according to the 3-year postoperative follow-up. The radiomic features of the region of interest in the CT images were extracted, and the radiomics-scores were calculated by the linear weighting and coefficients of the radiomic features after dimensionality reduction. The clinical predictors were screened using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The radiomics model, clinical model, and clinical-radiomics (C-R) model were constructed respectively. Their predictive performance for the efficacy of hip preservation was compared in the training and testing sets, with evaluation indexes including area under the curve, C-Index, sensitivity, specificity, and calibration curve, etc . The best model was visualised using nomogram, and its clinical utility was assessed by decision curves., Results: At the 3-year postoperative follow-up, the cumulative survival rate of hip preservation was 70.33%. Continued exposure to risk factors postoperative and Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) staging were clinical predictors of the efficacy of hip preservation, and 13 radiomic features derived from least absolute shrinkage and selection operator downscaling were used to calculate Rad-scores. The C-R model outperformed both the clinical and radiomics models in predicting the efficacy of hip preservation 1, 2, 3 years postoperative in both the training and testing sets ( P <0.05), with good agreement between the predicted and observed values. A nomogram constructed based on the C-R model showed that patients with lower Rad-scores, no further postoperative exposure to risk factors, and B or C1 types of JIC staging had a higher probability of femoral survival at 1, 2, 3 years postoperatively. The decision curve analysis showed that the C-R model had a higher total net benefit than both the clinical and radiomics models with a single predictor, and it could bring more net benefit to patients within a larger probability threshold., Conclusion: The prediction model and nomogram constructed by CT-based radiomics combined with clinical data is a visual, quantifiable, and effective method for decision-making of hip preservation, which can predict the efficacy of NVBG before surgery and has a high value of clinical application.

The advent of the digital era brings new challenges and opportunities for cervical cancer prevention and research.With the development of digital techniques in China,the construction of an information platform for cervical cancer prevention based on the current achievements has become an important trend.This paper expounds the importance,existing problems,and challenges of the data integration of population-based cervical cancer screening and the information platform construction,and puts forwards effective measures to promote its construction.The establishment of an information platform for cervical cancer prevention in the digital era has far-reaching significance for the global elimination of cervical cancer.