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The flush air data sensing system is a key or important flight sensor subsystem for the measurement of flight atmospheric parameters such as air pressure altitude, indicated airspeed, Mach number, angle of attack and sideshow angle, which are required for flight safety control, communication and navigation of flying wing pneumatic layout aircraft and precise weapon strike. The effectiveness of water-proof, dust-proof, anti-ice and de-icing design of the flush air data pressure sensor in the system is an important guarantee for accurate pressure feeling, stability of atmospheric parameters and real-time performance during flight. In this paper, aiming at the technology present status of water-proof, dust-proof, anti-icing and de-icing of flush air data pressure sensors in flush air data system, the existing shortcomings and defects are analyzed, combined with the needs of engineering application and research results of related engineering technology, the flush air data pressure sensor for complex meteorological environment protection status online monitoring, heater power adaptive control and rapid disassembling design as development direction is proposed, the future research goal and content of flush air data pressure sensor for complex meteorological environment protection technology are illustrated, and the solutions of key technologies such as moisture monitoring technology, freezing condition monitoring technology, surface hydrophobic and low detectable technology and easy maintenance structure design technology are presented.

Aiming at the low receiving power of space laser communication, a real-time space laser Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) communication system with high receiver sensitivity is designed and implemented in this paper and the transmission rate of this system is 800 Mslot/s. The experimental results show that, after using Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and optical filter, under the condition of -58.3 dBm optical input, the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the system before error code correction is 1.4E-4 and the system has ultra-high receiver sensitivity.

The separation of light actinides plays an important role in the fields of nuclear industry, environmental radiochemistry, nuclear forensics, etc. Solid phase extraction(SPE) is one of the main methods for the separation of light actinides, and the key of this method is to select adsorbents with excellent adsorption performance and good physicochemical stability. Porous metal phosphonates are a kind of inorganic-organic hybrid materials combined of metal centers and organic phosphonic acid ligands. Generally, they exhibit high specific surface area, abundant active sites and good physicochemical stability, as well as excellent adsorption properties due to the outstanding binding ability of phosphonic groups to light actinides. Therefore, they are expected to be used as adsorbents for light actinides. In this review, the synthesis and structure of porous metal phosphonates are summarized, and their application in the separation of light actinides is focused, including the adsorption properties, adsorption mechanism, the physiochemical stability and practical treatment methods of these materials, etc. In the end, the development of this field is prospected.

In order to solve the problem that the laser satellite terminal can realize the ranging function while completing the communication function, this paper designs a method based on the Delta-Sigma modulation to realize the laser phase ranging, which can integrate the functions of communication and ranging. Multi-frequency point phase ranging is used to balance ranging range and ranging accuracy. Multi-frequency modulation signals are generated using high-speed digital Input and Output (I/O) ports based on Delta-Sigma modulation without any Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC). Based on the Delta-Sigma modulation method, multiple frequency points for multi-frequency phase ranging can be generated at the same time, which is better than the traditional method of generating each single frequency point separately. Selecting the high frequency of 187.50 MHz and the low frequency of 1.50 MHz, the ranging accuracy can achieve 1 mm in the range of less than 100 m.

With a view to obtaining the time-frequency characteristics of wall pressure signals of hull structure subjected to underwater explosion, based on the experimental wall pressure data of a hull structure model subjected to underwater explosion, the time-frequency characteristics of the wall pressure signals were studied by means of wavelet transform characterized with good time-frequency localization. By using these wall pressure signals, the pressure-time curves and the energy distributions in different frequency bands were obtained. The experimental results show that it is easy to get the time-frequency information details of the wall pressure signals by the wavelet transform, such as intensity, frequency and duration, etc.. Energy statistics show that frequency bands of the wall pressure signals have a wide distribution, more than 80% of the energy of the wall pressure signals is mainly concentrated in the area of less than 20 kHz and the highest level of energy is below the frequency of 5 kHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A control strategy without torque sensor for vehicle electric power steering (EPS) system is devised in this paper. Firstly a simplified mathematic model for EPS system is created by using Lagrangian dynamics equation with its controllability and observability analyzed. Then a PID closed-loop assistance control strategy for EPS system without torque sensor is proposed. Finally a Kalman filter for torque observation and an EPS bench test system based on TMS320F28335 floating-point DSP are designed, and both simulation and bench test are conducted. The results show that using the control strategy proposed can reduce the cost and complexity and improve the performance of EPS system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel-beam combined theory, a panel-beam theoretical model is established for sound transmission through orthogonally stiffened panel and vibro-acoustic characteristics of the panel are analyzed. The vibro-acoustic equation of the structures was derived by firstly treating the stiffeners as reaction forces and moments on the panel and then inducing them into the vibration equation of the panel. The formulations of Transmission Loss (TL) and mean vibration velocity level for the structures were yielded according to the spatial harmonic expansion method and the virtual work principle. And then the developed model was applied to analyze sound insulation of the stiffened panel in one direction. The validity of the developed model was qualified by comparing those predictions with existing results. The model then employed to investigate the vi- bro-acoustic characteristics of the orthogonally stiffened panel. Results show that the orthogonally stiffened panel is more suitable for the insulation of sound waves with small incidence angle. An enlargement in the moment of inertia of stiffeners increases sound transmission loss in low frequency range. Larger stiffener spacing can enhance the vibration responses, but will decrease the TL in low frequency range; however, it obviously ameliorates the sound transmission in an overall sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on wave theory, the analysis model of complex structure is developed by combining with statistical energy analysis and finite element method. The reciprocity relationship for diffuse field is subsequently employed to deduce a hybrid FE-SEA method, which realizes the coupling calculation between stiffness component and flexible one. Then the vibro-acous- tic response of complex structure is obtained. Transmission loss of plate is numerical calculated. Through the comparison with results from traditional SEA method and mass law curve, the effectiveness and accuracy of the current method is validat- ed. Meanwhile, the sound radiation of cylindrical shell model is calculated, the result of which is proved to be coincident with corresponding test. Also variance analysis is preceded. It is demonstrated that the hybird method can be applied to practical project for its effectiveness and accuracy in the calculation of complex structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the active constituents of essential oil from the rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis for the treatment of dysmenorrhea. The compounds were separated and purified by molecular distillation, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The animal model of primary dysmenorrhea and the contraction model of isolated uterine smooth muscle of rats were established to examine the active constituents in the essential oil for treating dysmenorrhea. Six sesquiterpenes were isolated and identified as dehydrocommiterpene A(1), comosone Ⅱ(2), 5α(H)-eudesma-3(4),7(11)-dien-9β-ol-6-one(3), guaia-6(7)-en-11-ol(4), curcumenol(5), and isocurcumenol(6), among which compound 1 was a novel compound. The animal experiments showed that the essential oil from C. phaeocaulis significantly lowered the level of PGF_(2α) in uterine tissue compared with the model group. The experiment with the contraction model of isolated uterine smooth muscle demonstrated that the components with high boiling points outperformed those with low boiling points in relaxing the uterine smooth muscle, and compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6 isolated from the fraction with a high boiling point had the effect of relaxing the uterine smooth muscle. Among them, compounds 5 and 6 inhibited the extracellular Ca~(2+) influx and intracellular Ca~(2+) release to relax the uterine smooth muscle. In conclusion, the components with high boiling points and sesquiterpenes are the active components in the essential oil of C. phaeocaulis for treating dysmenorrhea.

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Leonuri Herba aqueous decoction on primary dysmenorrhea(PD) and explore the underlying mechanism in conjunction with untargeted metabolomics. Forty adult female rats were randomly divi-ded into a normal group, a model control group, ibuprofen(0.12 g·kg~(-1)) group, and high-and low-dose Leonuri Herba aqueous decoction(5 and 2.5 g·kg~(-1)) groups, with eight rats in each group. The PD rat model was prepared using intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate combined with intraperitoneal injection of pitocin. Drugs were administered by gavage from the 4th day of modeling for 7 d. After the last administration, pitocin was injected intraperitoneally, and the writhing latency and writhing times within 30 min were recorded. The uterine and ovarian coefficients were determined. Estradiol(E_2), progesterone(Prog), oxytocin(OT), cyclooxyge-nase 2(COX-2), prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2), prostaglandin F_(2α)(PGF_(2α)), and Ca~(2+) levels in uterine tissues were measured by ELISA and biochemical kits. Morphological changes in uterine and ovarian tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The protein expression of oxytocin receptor(OTR), prostaglandin E_2 receptor 3(EP3), and estrogen receptor alpha(ERα) in uterine tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of OTR, PGE_2 receptors 1-4(EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4), and PGF_(2α) receptor(FP) in uterine tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(LC-QTOF-MS) technology to screen potential biomarkers and enrich metabolic pathways. The results showed that Leonuri Herba was able to significantly reduce the writhing times in PD rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01), significantly reduce the uterine and ovarian coefficients(P<0.01), and improve their histomorphology. After treatment with Leonuri Herba, PGE_2 content was significantly increased(P<0.05), COX-2, PGF_(2α) and Ca~(2+) content, and PGF_(2α)/PGE_2 was significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and OT content was decreased, while E_2 and Prog content tended to further increase in uterine tissues of PD rats. Correspondingly, OTR and EP3 protein expression was significantly downregulated(P<0.05 or P<0.01) and ERα protein expression was upregulated(P<0.05) in uterine tissues. The mRNA expression of FP and EP4 in uterine tissues was significantly downregulated(P<0.01), and the mRNA expression of EP1, EP3, and OTR showed a decreasing trend. The untargeted metabolomics results showed that 10 differential metabolites were restored in the plasma of PD rats after Leonuri Herba treatment. The results indicate that Leonuri Herba is effective in the prevention and treatment of PD, and the underlying mechanism may be attributed to the regulation of PGs synthesis and corresponding receptor binding.

Precise segmentation of lung field is a crucial step in chest radiographic computer-aided diagnosis system. With the development of deep learning, fully convolutional network based models for lung field segmentation have achieved great effect but are poor at accurate identification of the boundary and preserving lung field consistency. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a lung segmentation algorithm based on non-local attention and multi-task learning. Firstly, an encoder-decoder convolutional network based on residual connection was used to extract multi-scale context and predict the boundary of lung. Secondly, a non-local attention mechanism to capture the long-range dependencies between pixels in the boundary regions and global context was proposed to enrich feature of inconsistent region. Thirdly, a multi-task learning to predict lung field based on the enriched feature was conducted. Finally, experiments to evaluate this algorithm were performed on JSRT and Montgomery dataset. The maximum improvement of Dice coefficient and accuracy were 1.99% and 2.27%, respectively, comparing with other representative algorithms. Results show that by enhancing the attention of boundary, this algorithm can improve the accuracy and reduce false segmentation.

This study investigated the chemical components from the florets of Carthamus tinctorius. Five compounds were isolated from C. tinctorius by column chromatography with silica gel and toyopearl HW-40 F, preparative thin-layer chromatography(TLC), and semi-preparative reverse phased high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC). Their structures were identified by mass spectrometry(MS), one-dimension nuclear magnetic resonance(1 D-NMR), two-dimension nuclear magnetic resonance(2 D-NMR), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction as(-)-(2S,3S,5S,7S,10R)-eudesma-4(15)-en-2,3,11-triol(1 a),(+)-(2R,3R,5R,7R,10S)-eudesma-4(15)-en-2,3,11-triol(1 b), rosin(2),(+)-syringaresinol(3), and(E)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-but-1-en-3-one(4). Compounds 1 a and 1 b are a pair of enantiomeric sesquiterpenoids. Compound 1 a is a new eudesmene and is named(-)-plucheol A. Compound 1 a at 100 μmol·L~(-1) showed significant antioxidant activity against ABTS~(+·) and DPPH·, with the scavenging rates of 30.98%±4.17% and 27.52%±1.24%, respectively, while compound 1 b was inactive. In addition, compounds 1 a and 1 b showed no obvious anti-inflammatory activity.

Macroporous resin chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography were performed to isolate two compounds from the acid extract of the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii: a new 9-phenylisoquinoline alkaloid(1) and a known pavine alkaloid(2). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was identified by electronic circular dichroism(ECD) and it was determined to be(aS)-7,8-dimethoxy-9-(2-carboxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1(2H)-one(1). The cardioprotective effects of 1 and 2 against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in H9 c2 cells were evaluated. Both of the isoquinoline alkaloids showed cardioprotective activity.

The human health is seriously affected by central nervous system(CNS) diseases, but the pathogenesis of CNS diseases is still not completely clear. Currently, the drugs used to treat CNS diseases are mainly receptor modulators and neurotransmitter inhibitors, which have serious side effects; and there are short of drugs for treating CNS diseases clinically. Studies suggest that animal medicines mainly include protein, polypeptide and small-molecule compounds, and have such pharmacological effects in calming, resisting convulsions and improving brain tissues. Plenty of studies suggest that animal medicines usually have a strong activity and good curative effect on these diseases, with a promising prospect in research and development of drugs treating CNS diseases. Based on systematic reviews of literatures, this paper summarizes active ingredients and main pharmacological effects of animal medicines in "extinguishing wind to arrest convulsions" for the CNS diseases, epilepsy and cerebral ischemia, and discusses their study value and application prospects. The results showed that the studies of protein and peptides were relatively simple, and some animal medicines were still blank. The authors believed that amino acids and small molecular compounds should be transferred to oligopeptide, advanced protein extraction and separation techniques shall be adopted for identifying the protein polypeptide composition structure and studying the efficacy, and the methods of biological technology were used to develop peptide biological products for the treatment of CNS diseases. This paper could provide ideas and reference for developing animal medicine products for the treatment of CNS diseases., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Essential oil is the low polar and volatile components distilled or extracted from Ligusticum chuanxiong, the dry root of perennial herb L. chuanxiong, which has proven to be one of the main biological active ingredients of L. chuanxiong. Studies suggested that essential oil of L. chuanxiong mainly contains phthalide, terpene alcohols and fatty acids compounds. Different regions or varied extraction technology had influences on the type and contents of compound in essential oil of L. chuanxiong and the total yield efficiency of essential oil, while the differences among the distribution of compounds leads to the variant pharmacological function of essential oil of L. chuanxiong. Researches confirmed that essential oil of L. chuanxiong has kinds of pharmacological activities such as sedation, analgesia, improve function of blood vessels, protected nerve cells and fever-reducing, all these benefits were verified by experiment studies in vivo and some of which were used as therapies in treating migraine, the underlining mechanisms include anti-inflammation, apoptosis pathway and studies found that essential oil of L. chuanxiong possessed very low acute and chronic toxicity at the same time, revealed its great value of development and utilization in clinical applications. Recent studies light some problems such as lack of quality standards and the research of relationship between efficacy and material. The key to apply the usage of essential oil of L. chuanxiong locate in its substantial basis research, the establishment of the quality standards and the joint research institute, more study should work on these fields., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To investigate the application and security of plasmapheresis combined with hemofiltration in the treatment of severe liver disease in middle and late pregnancy., Methods: Clinical data of 29 patients of middle and late pregnancy with severe liver disease from March 2009 to November 2013 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University was analyzed retrospectively. According to the therapeutic schedule, patients were divided into control group (n=16, 18-29 years old, median age of 24 years old) and treatment group (n=13, 21-28 years old, median age of 25 years old). The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the ethical committee approval was received. The control group was given the treatment of resisting infection, protecting liver, reducing jaundice, supplying albumin and globulin, infusing blood coagulation and so on. The treatment group was given plasmapheresis and hemofiltration on the basis of the above-mentioned treatment. The differences of major clinical indicators such as MELD scores, APACHEII scores, total bilirubin (TB), albumin (ALB), prothrombin time activity (PTA) , fasting blood glucose (FPG), serum creatinine (Scr) of peripheral venous blood and arterial lactic acid (Lac) in patients of two groups were observed 6 hours before and 1, 3, 5 days after the treatment. The major clinical indicators in patients of two groups were compared by t test and the clinical efficient were compared by χ² test., Results: There were no statistical differences of the clinical indicators between the two groups 6 hours before the treatment (all P>0.05). The MELD scores, APACHEII scores, TB, ALB, PTA, FPG, Scr, Lac were (25 ± 6) scores, (22 ± 5) scores, (197 ± 69) µmol/L, (30 ± 7) g/L, (55 ± 24)%, (5.7 ± 2.4) mmol/L, (111 ± 42) µmol/L, (2.3 ± 0.6) mmol/L in treatment group 1 day after treatment, and were (33 ± 8) scores, (30 ± 7) scores, (299 ± 113) µmol/L, (24 ± 6) g/L, (33 ± 11)%, (3.7 ± 1.7) mmol/L, (165 ± 82) µmol/L, (4.4 ± 1.5) mmol/L in control group, which improved significantly in the treated group compared to those in the control group. There was also significant improvement in those posttreatment d3, and 5 lab findings in the treatment group (P<0.05). The effective rate was higher in the treatment group (92%, 12/13) than the control group (56%, 9/16) (χ² =4.215, P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the combined treatment could significantly improve the 42 d survival rate in postpartum patients with liver function failure. One patient had transitional hypotension after plasma infusion and hemofiltration in the treatment group, but the blood pressure returned to normal 1 h after small dose of vasoconstrictor., Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of plasmapheresis combined with hemofiltration on the treatment of severe liver disease in middle and late pregnancy is safe and effective, and it could improve the clinical outcomes and survival rate.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of flower buds of Lonicera similis., Methods: The compounds were isolated and repeatedly purified by macroperous resin, silica gel column, gel column, preparation of TLC, and RP C18, chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties, MS and NMR., Results: Seven compounds were isolated and identified as 4-hydroxy-γ,3,5-trimethoxybenzenepropanol (1), ursolic acid(2), E-ferulic acid(3), caffeic acid ethyl ester(4), dihydrosyringenin (5), rutin(6) and 6-Daucosterin (7)., Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 5 are isolated from this genus for the first time, and compounds 2 - 4 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin., Methods: The constituents were isolated by column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and C8. Structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis., Results: Thirteen compounds were obtained and elucidated as patchouli alcohol (1), pogostone (2), friedelin (3), epifriedelinol (4), oleanolic acid (5), methyl oleanolate (6), 5alpha-stigmast-3,6-dione (7), stigmast-4-ene-3-one (8), beta-sitosterol (9), pachypodol (10), retusin (11), (-)-guaiacylglycerol (12) and dibutyl phthalate (13)., Conclusion: Compounds 6, 7, 8, 12 and 13 are isolated from this genus for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the effects of different cytokines (IL-22, IL-17, IFN-γ) on proliferation and apoptosis of human pleural mesothelial cells (PMC) during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection., Methods: The expressions of IL-22R, IL-17R and IFN-γR1 on PMC purified from tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) were determined by flow cytometry. The effects of one or more of IL-22, IL-17, and IFN-γ on Ki-67 expression and apoptosis of PMC were explored. Ki-67 expression of PMC under the conditions of the absence or presence of exogenous TPE and with a combination of control IgG, or anti-IL-22, -IL-17 or -IFN-γ mAbs were determined., Results: (1) During Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, IL-22R, IL-17R and IFN-γR1 were highly expressed on the surface of PMC [(86.2 ± 2.9)%, (41.5 ± 4.4)% and (64.9 ± 5.8)% respectively]. (2) In group IL-22 + IL-17, the percentage of Ki-67(+)PMC was (31.5 ± 2.0) % and (26.1 ± 2.4) % respectively, which were both higher than that in the medium group [ (14.6 ± 0.7)%] (q = 6.8 and 4.9, respectively, both P < 0.05). In group IFN-γ, the percentage of Ki-67(+)PMC was (5.2 ± 1.2) %, which was lower than that in the medium group (q = 5.0, P < 0.05). In group IFN-γ+IL-22 and IFN-γ+IL-17, the percentages of Ki-67(+)PMC were (23.4 ± 1.7)% and (21.8 ± 3.8)% respectively, which were both higher than that in group IFN-γ (q = 7.3 and 6.7, respectively, both P < 0.05). In group TPE and TPE+IgG, the percentages of Ki-67(+)PMC were (63 ± 9) % and (63 ± 11) % respectively, which were both higher than that in the medium group (q = 19.6 and 19.7, respectively, both P < 0.05). In group TPE+ anti-IFN-γ mAb, the percentage of Ki-67(+)PMC was (82 ± 4) %, which was even higher than that in group TPE+IgG (q = 7.5,P < 0.05) . In group TPE + anti-IL-22 mAb, the percentage of Ki-67(+)PMC was (34 ± 3) %, which was lower than that in group TPE+IgG (q = 11.8, P < 0.05). In group TPE + anti-IL-17 mAb, the percentage of Ki-67(+)PMC was (58 ± 5) %, which showed no significant difference compared to that in group TPE+IgG (q = 2.1, P > 0.05). (3) The percentage of apoptotic PMC in group IFN-γ was (19.3 ± 1.1)%, which was higher than that in the medium group[ (4.3 ± 0.6)%] (q = 33.4,P < 0.05) . The percentage of apoptotic PMC in group IL-22 + IL-17 was (3.8 ± 0.6)% and (5.7 ± 0.8)% respectively, which had no significant difference compared to that in the medium group (q = 1.3 and 3.0, respectively, both P > 0.05). The percentage of apoptotic PMC in group IFN-γ + IL-22 and IFN-γ+ IL-17 were (6.5 ± 0.7) % and (8.7 ± 1.7)% respectively, which were both lower than that in group IFN-γ (q = 28.5 and 23.6, respectively, both P < 0.05)., Conclusion: During Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, IFN-γ inhibited PMC proliferation and contributed to apoptosis, while IL-22 and IL-17 promoted PMC proliferation without influencing PMC apoptosis and succeeded in reversing the effect induced by IFN-γ.

Objective: To understand the immunological status of Japanese encephalitis (JE) antibodies amongst migrant workers and to provide epidemiological basis for public health strategies on JE prevention and control in Shenzhen., Methods: A multi-stage random sampling method was used, and 1003 migrant workers aged 18 to 60 from 44 factories were investigated and their serum specimens were collected. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect JE antibodies qualitatively., Results: The gross IgG seroprevalence rate for JE was 20.2% (203/1003). Sex-specified seroprevalence was 21.2% (103/485) for male and 19.3% (100/518) for female, respectively (χ(2) = 579, P > 0.05). Age-specific seropositive rates were 22.6% (12/53) for those below 20 years old, 18.7% (120/642) for those between 20-years old, 26.0% (58/223) for those between 30-years old and 15.3% (13/85) for those on or above 40 years old (χ(2) = 7.96, P > 0.05). Proportions for self-reported positive immunization, non-immunization and unclear immunization history were 22.1% (30/136), 22.1% (51/231) and 19.2% (122/636), respectively (χ(2) = 501, P > 0.05). Seroprevalence by region of origins showed that workers from Guangdong province was the highest (30.5%, 50/164), followed by workers from Guangxi (29.7%, 22/74) whilst workers from Shan(3)xi (5.4%, 2/37) had the lowest rate. Seroprevalence rate for managers (29.0%, 31/107) was higher than that of technicians (7.1%, 1/14) (χ(2) = 21.78, P < 0.05). Serological positive rate of workers with university or above educational background was the highest (32.7%, 16/49), followed by that for individuals with college degree (10.3%, 10/97) (χ(2) = 13.02, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: No associations are detected between JE seroprevalence and age, or sex, or self-reported immunization histories amongst migrant labor workers in Shenzhen. However, correlations between JE serological positive rate and region of origins, occupation and educational attainment are found to be significant. The gross seroprevalence of JE antibodies suggests that the level of JE antibodies amongst Shenzhen migrant workers is low and the population immunity barrier has yet to be established. It is necessary to strengthen prevention and control strategies of JE among labor workers of Shenzhen.

Objective: To observe the estrogenic effect of formononetin and its effect on the expressions of atrial estrogen receptor subtypes alpha and beta (ERalpha and ERbeta)., Methods: 50 femal rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham group, model group, nilestriol group, formononetin groups of low and high dose. Rats in sham group were cut a piece of fat before closing the abdomen, the others were ovariectomized. Vaginal exfoliated cell were observed from the fifth day to the tenth after operation to test if the model is successful. The sham and model group were given nomal saline in 10 mL/kg by gavage, the remaining three groups were given nilestriol 2.5 mg/(kg x w), low [20 mg/(kg x d) land high dose [100 mg/(kg x d)) of formononetin by gavage respectively. In the 8th week, vaginal exfoliated cell were observed, then decapitated the rats, removed the uterus, weighed and take wright staining microscopy. The relative expressions of ERalpha and ERbeta of right atrium were detected by RT-PCR., Results: The vaginal cells exhibit a change of estrus after had been fed with high dose of formononetin after 8 weeks. Formononetin increase the uterus coefficient and the expression of atrial ERbeta (P < 0.01), but it dose not have any effect on the expression of ERalpha (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Formononetin have estrogenic effect in ovariectomized rats, and it can markedly upregulate the expression of rats' atrial ERbeta.

Background & Objective: Tumor suppressor gene PTEN could not only inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, but also inhibit their metastasis. However, the mechanism is still unclear. This study was to investigate the effects of PTEN gene on the proliferation and metastasis of human breast cancer ZR-75-1 cells, and explore the mechanisms., Methods: Wild-type PTEN (wt-PTEN) plasmid and phosphatase-defective PTEN (G129R-PTEN) plasmid were transfected into ZR-75-1 cells by liposome, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Transfected cells were selected by puromycin. The expression of PTEN protein was detected by Western blot. Cell adhesion and invasion were tested by adhesion test and invasion test., Results: The proliferation inhibition rate was significantly higher in wt-PTEN-transfected ZR-75-1 cells than in untransfected cells and G129R-PTEN-transfected cells (42.7% vs. 0% and 2.7%, P<0.01); there was no significant difference between untransfected cells and G129R-PTEN-transfected cells(P>0.05). The proliferation inhibition of ZR-75-1 cells was enhanced along with the increase of culture time and concentration of wt-PTEN. wt-PTEN also induced cell apoptosis. PTEN protein was expressed efficiently in the cells transfected with either wt-PTEN or G129R-PTEN. The inhibition rates of adhesion and invasion were significantly higher in wt-PTEN-transfected cells than in G129R-PTEN-transfected cells (65.7% vs. 8.8%, 70.4% vs. 6.9%, P<0.01)., Conclusion: Wild-type PTEN gene with dual-specific phosphatase activity can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of ZR-75-1 cells.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of interlukin-10 (IL-10) on expression and secretion of collagen I, IV in rat's hepatic stellate cells (HSC) of livers injured by CCl4., Method: The adenovirus vector encoded IL-10 gene was used to transfect rats with liver injury via the caudal veins. HSC were isolated and purified from the rat livers by collagenase IV perfusion and density gradient centrifugation with Nycodenz. The expression of collagen I, IV mRNA in HSC was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR method and the secretion of collagen I, IV in culture serum of HSC by ELISA method. The quantity of collagen was measured in the van Gieson stained histological liver preparations., Results: The expression and secretion of collagen I, IV in the adenovirus vector encoding IL-10 gene group were significantly lower than those in the adenovirus vector without IL-10 gene group and the control group (P < 0.05). The quantity of collagen in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group., Conclusion: IL-10 can inhibit collagen I, IV expression and secretion in rat HSC.

Objective: To investigate the effect of interleukin-10 (IL-10) on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGFbeta(1)) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in hepatic stellate cells (HSC) during liver injury., Methods: The adenovirus vector (the titer was 1 x 10(7) efu/ml) encoded IL-10 gene was used to transfect the rat via the vein of caudal. At the same time, CCl(4) was injected into rat by a hypodermic injection. These processes went on twice a week. After eight weeks, the liver were perfused with collagenase IV and purified by density gradient centrifugation with Nycodenz for separate HSC. The level of IL-10 was measured by ELISA method; The expression of PDGF and TGFbeta(1) in HSC was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western-blot methods., Results: The level of IL-10 in therapy group (adenovirus vector encoding IL-10 gene group) was higher than that in non-therapy group (adenovirus vector without IL-10 gene and PBS group); The expression of TGFbeta(1) mRNA, TGFbeta(1) protein and PDGF mRNA, PDGF protein in therapy group were significantly lower than that in non-therapy group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Downregulating the TGFbeta(1) and PDGF expression could be the passageway by which IL-10 alleviate the degree of proliferation and activation in hepatic stellate cells.

Objective: To investigate the regulatory effect of interleukin-10 (IL10) on the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) through platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways., Methods: HSC were divided randomly into 4 groups. Group 1 served as a control. HSC were incubated with 1 ng/ml, 5 ng/ml, and 25 ng/ml IL-10 in groups 2, 3 and 4. RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of PDGF and MAPK protein ERK and p38 and alpha-SMA., Results: Compared with the control group, expressions of ERK, p38 and alpha-SMA of groups 2, 3 and 4 were significantly lower (F values were 240.47, 21.39, 28.86 respectively. IL-10 inhibited PDGF and MAPK protein ERK and p38 and alpha-SMA expression in a dose-dependent way., Conclusion: IL-10 inhibits activation of HSC through the PDGF/MAPK pathway.

Objective: To study the simple infection and super/co-infection of HAV-HEV, HGV in patients with viral hepatitis., Methods: Using EIA method to detect anti-HAV IgM, HBV serum markers, anti-HCV IgM, anti-HDV IgM, anti-HEV IgM, anti-HGV IgM in viral hepatitis patients with different clinical types., Results: Seventy-three percent patients (154/210) had HBV infection markers, twenty-nine percent patients (61/210) had HAV infection marker, eight percent patients (17/210) had HCV, HDV infection markers, ten percent patients (21/210) had HEV infection and seven percent patients (15/210) had HGV infection. Only nine percent patients (20/210) had viral hepatitis serum markers negative. In all clinical types, sixty-one percent patients had only one type hepatitis virus infection, thirty-two percent patients had two types of hepatitis virus super/co-infection, six percent patients had three types of hepatitis virus super/co-infection. Super/co-infection often occurred in patients who had cirrhosis or hepatic failure., Conclusion: HBV and HAV infection is very common in viral hepatitis patients, whereas HCV, HDV, HEV and HGV infection is relatively low; double super/co-infection of HAV-HEV, HGV frequently occurs in severe patients with viral hepatitis.

Objective: To study optimum inclusion conditions for volatile oil from three medicinal slices in Xiongdan Xiaoyan capsules., Method: Saturated water solution method (agitation method), ultrasonic method and rubbing method were studied and compared. The preparation conditions of ultrasonic method were investigated by the orthogonal test., Result: The optimum inclusion conditions of ultrasonic method were established., Conclusion: The ultrasonic method can be used for production of inclusion complex in the factory with high inclusion rate and was effectiveness.

Objective: To optimize the separation conditions of fingerprint for Rhubarb by high performance liquid chromatography and lay the foundation of studies on its fingerprint by high performance liquid chromatography., Methods: The reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was adopted. The samples were extracted by ultrasound and separated by a linear gradient elution on Shim-pack CLC-ODS column (6.0 mm i.d. x 150 mm, 5 microm), and then, with the methanol-1 ml/L phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase, were detected at UV 254 nm and column temperature 40 degrees C. During the linear gradient elution program, the volume fraction of methanol in mobile phase changed as follows: 0 min-5 min, 20%; 5 min-25 min, from 20% to 50%; 25 min-35 min, from 50% to 80%; 35 min-60 min, from 80% to 90%; 60 min-70 min, 90%. The flow rate was 0.8 ml/min from 0 min to 35 min, 0.6 ml/min from 35 min to 50 min and 1.0 ml/min after 50 min., Results: The separation conditions described above achieved good result in the aspects of separable effect, stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility., Conclusion: The optimum separation conditions of fingerprint would be useful for establishing the method of fingerprint for Rhubarb by high performance liquid chromatography.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 on the proliferation of Schwann cell cultured., Methods: The sciatic nerve from SD rats was cultured in vitro; 10 micrograms/ml, 20 micrograms/ml, 200 micrograms/ml and 1 mg/ml Ginsenoside Rb1 was applied on the fifth day of culture. The proliferation of Schwann cells of sciatic nerves was determined in different time by MTT assay and thymidine incorporation assay., Results: 10 micrograms/ml of Ginsenoside Rb1 significantly induced Schwann cell proliferation better than DMEM cell culture medium, but higher concentrations of Ginsenoside Rb1 at 1 mg/ml significantly inhibited the proliferation of Schwann cells, whereas 200 micrograms/ml of Ginsenoside Rb1 had similar effects to DMEM culture medium., Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rb1 at the optimal concentration is effective on inducing the proliferation of Schwann cells, but at higher concentration is cytotoxic for Schwann cells.

Objective: To study the pathogenic effect of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection on hepatic failure., Methods: Using the RT-PCR and EIA techniques to detect HGV RNA and anti-HGV in sera of hepatic failure patients and compare them with their liver function and mortality rates., Results: There was no significant difference about the positive rates of HGV among acute hepatic failure, subacute hepatic failure and chronic hepatic failure groups (X(2)=2.54, P>0.05). The level of ALT in HGV-positive group was slightly lower than that in HGV-negative group. The concentration of bilirubin and globulin was higher in HGV-positive group than HGV-negative group, and the concentration of albumin in HGV-positive group was significantly lower than that in HGV-negative group (t=2.59, P<0.05). The mortality rate in HGV-positive group was significantly lower than that in HGV-negative group (X(2)=4.68, 0.01