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Objective·To explore the pathogenic gene and the mutation type of a family with X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT).Methods·Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 6 members of a SEDT family. Clearseq hereditary disease kit was applied to target pathogenic regions related to the rare hereditary diseases in the genomic sample of the proband, and then high-throughput sequencing and deletion of high-frequency variants were preformed. Copy number variant (CNV) was analyzed by using exome-hidden Markov model (XHMM). Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to further analyze the copy numbers of the gene deletion fragment in the 6 family members.Results·High-throughput sequencing results showed that 2.5 kb fragment deletion existed in the chromosome X (chrX: 13 732 385‒13 734 927) of the proband, which covered exon 4‒6 of the transport protein particle complex subunit 2 (TRAPPC2) gene. The quantitative PCR results confirmed the proband and his male cousin carried the deficiency. The proband′s mother had a heterozygous deficiency, and the proband′s father, sister and the uncle with normal phenotypes all had normal copy numbers.Conclusion·The fragment deletion of exon 4‒6 of TRAPPC2 gene is the pathogenic mutation of SEDT, and the XHMM algorithm in high-throughput sequencing analysis can detect the deletion of multiple exons in pathogenic genes.

In order to improve the recovery rate of open-pit coal mine resources, under the condition of studying the deformation and failure mechanism of the slope, the horizontal mining is carried out and the stope shape is optimized. Taking the Thar coalfield in Pakistan as the research object, the paper firstly analyzes the deformation and failure mechanism of the slope through FLAC3D, clarifies the landslide mode, and then analyzes the tracking distance of the horizontal mining and inner row, and finally provides a reference for the optimization of the coal mine. The results show that the failure type of the slope belongs to the tension-shear composite type, and the stability of the slope increases as a whole due to the double support effect of the slope working aid and the inner dump. When the tracking distance of the inner row is 50 m to 100 m, the three-dimensional spatial effect of the slope is significant, and the stability is high; as the tracking distance increases, the stability becomes worse and worse.

With the development of aerial refueling technology, autonomous aerial refueling(AAR) has become an important technology in the future battlefield, which is a promising prospective and challenging topic. Since the relative position between the receiver and the drogue is important to accomplish the AAR task, a neural network-based image recognition method is proposed to acquire the required information. Firstly, a C language-based YOLO network is used as the initial network, which meets the requirements of the on-board VxWorks system and can be run directly on the hardware. Then, considering the physical characterizes of the drogue, a multi-dimensional anchor box is designed and the network structure is optimized to adapt to the multi-dimensional situations. Finally, to address the problem of results shifts, feature maps with various sizes and the optimized loss function are used to optimize the network, where the pyramid structure suggests the design of feature maps. The experimental results indicate that the presented method can recognize the drogue more accurately and quickly.

Compared with manned aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are affordable and convenient for high-risk missions. Therefore, UAVs are increasingly playing an important role in military and civilian fields. Today, UAVs have been exploited to perform special missions carrying some important equipment. However, influenced by the constraints of single UAV's performance and load, it has become a research hotspot that multi-UAVs perform search cooperatively. The process is to minimize the uncertainty of the unknown area and to find the target as much as possible. In terms of cooperation among UAVs, the more effective method based on search map is used. And search process optimization on the basis of distributed model predictive control (DMPC) or traditional swarm intelligence algorithms are adopted, but these methods have some limitations. Due to the behavior of swarm intelligent individual have the characteristics of the decentralization, distribution, and overall self-organization, which match with the requirements of the localization, distribution and robustness of the UAV cooperate search. Nevertheless, the traditional swarm intelligence algorithms have low search efficiency and are easy to fall into local optimum. To solve the problem of repeated search, static targets and low efficiency in cooperative search for multi-UAVs, a method based on improved pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) and Markov chain was proposed. Firstly, a honeycomb environmental model similar to the sensor detect region was established to reduce repeated search for the area. Secondly, Markov chain with the Gaussian distribution was used to represent dynamic movement of targets. Thirdly, Cauchy mutation and Gaussian mutation were introduced into the map and compass operator and the landmark operator of PIO, respectively. Meanwhile, simulated annealing (SA) mechanism was exploited to reserve the worse individual, which effectively reduced the problem that PIO was easy to fall into local optimum. Finally, the algorithm was compared with other swarm intelligence algorithms through simulation experiments. The results show that the new method is effective and available.

CsF-AlF3 based composite fluxes with different Ge contents which are in the form of GeO2 were developed by the method of solution synthesis, and their melting characteristics, phase structures and microstructures were observed and analyzed subsequently. Meanwhile, 2024 aluminum alloy was brazed successfully at 480℃ under the active effect of CsF-AlF3 flux with 4% (mass fraction, the same below) Ge doped. The results show that the liquidus temperature decreases from 477℃ to around 440℃and has the main phase composition of CsAlF4 and Cs2GeF6 when content of Ge exceeds 4%. And the new Cs2GeF6 changes the morphology of CsF-AlF3 flux to more regular polyhedron structure with fewer flocculent agglomerates. On the other hand, the flux with 4% Ge immensely promotes the spreading of Zn-15Al filler metal on the 2024 aluminum alloy at 480℃ and the shear strength of brazing lapping joints reaches 110MPa,with homogeneous structure of the joints,and with no obvious defects observed.

Tension-shear test was carried out on middle temperature self-brazing aluminum honeycomb cores after high temperature aging by micro mechanical test system, and the microstructure and component of the joints were observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy to study the relationship between brazing seam microstructure, component and high temperature aging properties. Results show that the tensile-shear strength of aluminum honeycomb core joints brazed by 1060 aluminum foil and aluminum composite brazing plate after high temperature aging(200℃/12h, 200℃/24h, 200℃/36h) is similar to that of as-welded joints, and the weak part of the joint is the base metal which is near the brazing joint. The observation and analysis of the aluminum honeycomb core microstructure and component show that the component of Zn, Sn at brazing seam is not much affected and no compound phase formed after high temperature aging; therefore, the main reason for good high temperature aging performance of self-brazing aluminum honeycomb core is that no obvious change of brazing seam microstructure and component occurs.

In this study, the traditional micro -coextrusion and gas-assisted micro-coextrusion flow models were established for double-layered microtubules. The effects of zero shear viscosity (η0), relaxation time (λ), and material parameters ε and ξ on the die swell rate were investigated by using a numerical simulation technology. The results indicated that the die swell rate was greatly affected by η0 and λ in the traditional micro-coextrusion process. With an increase in the outer melt viscosity, the die swell rate increased from 29.15 % to 43.77 % and then tended to be stable. The die swell rate was less affected by ε and ξ, and it decreased slightly with an increase in ε and ξ. The die swell rate varied between 37 % and 39 %. However, in the gas assisted co-extrusion process, the die swell rate always approached zero when η0, λ, ε and ξ changed, and there was no obvious swelling or deformation phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of large parallel corpora is one of the key issues in low-resource neural machine translation. This paper proposes a neural machine translation method based on language model distillation, which regularizes neural machine translation training by using a monolingual language model. This method introduces prior knowledge contained in the language model to improve translation results. Specifically, we draw on the idea of knowledge distillation, and use the target-side language model (teacher model) trained on rich monolingual data to construct the regularization factor of the low-resource neural machine translation model (student model), allowing the translation model to learn highly generalized prior knowledge from the language model. Unlike traditional monolingual language models that participate in the decoding process, the language model in this method is only used during training and does not participate in the inference stage, so it can effectively improve decoding speed. Experimental results on two low-resource translation datasets of Uyghur-Chinese and Tibetan-Chinese from the 17th national machine translation conference (CCMT2021) show that compared with the current state-of-the-art language model fusion baseline system, BLEU can be improved by 1. 42 points (Tibetan-Chinese) to 2.11 points (Chinese-Uyghu). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The karst geomorphology is commonly developed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Previous researchers have studied on the regional karst geomorphology, runoff zone and genesis, but fewer on the overall summary of the types and development of karst geomorphology at different elevations. On the basis of systematical study and summarization, with referring to the literature, this paper concludes that there are obvious diversities in karst geomorphologic types and development characteristics in term of different elevations. The karst geomorphology in areas of very high altitude (≥ 5000 m) can be divided into the types of uplifted tectonic plateau mountain, inland lake basin, inland lake depression, inland plateau mountain, alpine glacial valley and plateau mountain bedrock, with intensive weathering and denudation, forming numerous residual peaks, stone columns, depressions, etc. The karst geomorphology in the high altitude areas (3500-5000 m) involves karst alpine valley, karst mid-high mountain lake, alpine glacial valley, uplift tectonic plateau mountain, inland lake basin and inland lake depression types, with intensive structural dissolution, mainly developed with macro needle karsts, peak cluster depressions, karst caves and funnels. The karsts with middle altitude (1000-3500 m) are in the geomorphologic types of karst alpine valley, karst mid-mountain lake, plateau mountain erosion residual peak, plateau mountain peak lake, inland lake depression and karst coast, with intensive structural erosion and weak weathering and denudation. The karst forms are basically preserved, mainly developing small peak cluster depressions, dissolved holes, dissolved marks and dissolved fissures. This study is expected to provide guidance and reference for the research of rational utilization of surface water resources, geological disaster control, geomorphology and landscape, as well as the major engineering construction in karst mountain areas of the plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary hydroxy-methionine (MHA) chelate supplementation on the production performance, antioxidation performance, immune and reproductive hormone indexes of Xuefeng black bone breeding chickens. A total of 324 healthy 32-week-old Xuefeng black bone chickens with similar body weight were randomly divided into three groups, with six replicates per group and 18 chickens per replicate. The prefeeding period lasted for two weeks and the trial period lasted for eight weeks. The chickens in the control group were fed a basal diet. The experimental groups added 30 mg/kg MHA-Zn (MZ group, calculated by zinc), 25 mg/kg MHA-Mn (MM group, calculated by manganese) and 30 mg/kg MHA-Zn + 25 mg/kg MHA-Mn (MZM group) in the basal diet, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, the laying rate and healthy chick rate of the experimental groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). The hatching rate of the MZM group was significantly higher than that of the control group and MM group (P<0.05). The death rate of embryos in the MZ group and MZM group was significantly lower than that in the control group and MM group (P<0.05). The serum content of progesterone, folliclestimulating hormone, estradiol and parathyroid hormone in the MZM group was significantly higher than those in the other groups ( P<0.05). The activity of total superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum of MZM group was significantly higher than those of the control group and MZ group (P<0.05). The serum activity of manganese superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the MZM group was significantly higher than those in the control group and MM group (P<0.05). The serum malondialdehyde content in the MM group and MZM group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M and interleukin-2 in the serum of the MZM group was significantly increased ( P<0.05). The study indicates that adding of MHA chelate in the diet can improve the production performance of Xuefeng black bone chickens by increasing antioxidation performance, immune and reproductive hormone levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of nucleic acid negative newborns delivered by pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Omicron variant BA. 5.1.3) in Sanya area, and to provide evidence for understanding its clinical characteristics. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 14 neonates with negative nucleic acid delivered by pregnant women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (Omicron variant BA.5.1.3) in Sanya Central Hospital (the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province) from June 2022 to September 2022 (observation group, n=14). The corresponding nucleic acid-negative newborns delivered by pregnant women detected negative with SARS-CoV-2 (Omicronon variant strain BA.5.1.3) were set as the control group (n=56), and the general data and clinical characteristics of neonates in the two groups were compared. Results There was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group in pregnancy diabetes, pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational pre-eclampsia, fetal intrauterine distress, premature rupture of membranes (P>0.05); there was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group in terms of sex, gestational age, birth weight, age, mode of delivery, birth Apgar score, heart screening, pulmonary disease, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, thalassemia, breast milk jaundice, hemolytic jaundice (P>0.05). The bilirubin level, blue light irradiation cases and the duration of blue light irradiation of the newborns in the observation group at 7 days after birth were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); the ratio of blood oxygen saturation ≥ 90% in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (21.43% vs 89.29%, P<0.05), and the ratio of blood oxygen saturation occasionally<90% was higher than that in the control group (57.14% vs 10.71%, P<0.05). The ratio of blood oxygen saturation<90% had no significant difference compared with that in the control group (7.14% vs 0, P>0.05), and the ratio of blood oxygen saturation reduced to the required oxygen uptake was higher than that in the control group (14.29% vs 0, P<0.05). Conclusions The jaundice manifestation of the nucleic acid-negative newborns delivered by pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Omicronon variant strain BA.5.1.3) in Sanya area is relatively obvious, with blood oxygen saturation easily lower than 90% and even requiring oxygen inhalation in severe cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To summarize the technical points and curative effects of neuroendoscopy in the removal of ventricular casting hematoma. Methods A total of 36 patients with ventricular casting who underwent neuroendoscopy hematoma evacuation in Huaihe Hospital of He'nan University from January 2019 to May 2021 were included. Among them, 12 cases were whole ventricle casting, 15 cases were third ventricle and unilateral lateral ventricle casting, and 9 cases were the third ventricle and bilateral lateral ventricle casting. A small arc-shaped incision was made parallel to the sagittal suture in the case of heavy whole ventricle casting, which made the incision anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the coronal suture. Compared with the conventional frontal angle puncture incision, the incision was moved back by 1-2 cm. A 10 ml syringe was used to create a self-made endoscope working channel, precise positioning to avoid damage to brain tissue due to continuous changes in the direction and depth of the sleeve. At 3 months after surgery, the quality of daily life and prognosis of the patients were evaluated according to the Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Results The average surgery time was 1.50 h. The hematoma clearance rate was > 90% in 32 cases and > 80%-90% in 4 cases. CT showed no residual hematoma, and the ventricular system returned to normal anatomical shape. Continuous lumbar drainage after surgery was undergone in 28 cases, while lumbar puncture and drainage was undergone in 8 cases. On the 14th day after surgery, the GCS score was 11.63 ± 2.47, which was higher than the preoperative score of 9.82 ± 1.68 (t = 3.162, P = 0.021), with significant improvement in eye opening and motor function. There were no deaths during hospitalization, and 2 patients died of pulmonary infection at 3 months after the surgery. Among the survival patients, 94.12% (32/34, 18 cases of ADL grade II and 14 cases of grade III, or 18 cases of GOS score 5 and 14 cases of GOS score 4) had good quality of life, 5.88% (2/34, ADL grade IV or GOS score 3) were not good. Conclusions Under the direct vision of neuroendoscopy, the ventricular casting hematoma can be quickly removed, which relieved the pressure of the ventricle, shorten the recovery period of patients, and improved the quality of life after surgery. It is worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective · To identify the genetic causes of 9 patients with 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis (CGD). Methods · The genetic variations of 9 patients with 46,XY CGD were analyzed by combining SRY mutation screening, next generation sequencing (NGS) and chromosome microarray (CMA). Results · SRY mutations were identified in 4 of nine 46,XY CGD probands, including 2 patients with novel SRY gene pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations, namely SRY deletion and c.208T>C (p.Trp70Arg) missense variation, and 2 patients with reported SRY pathogenic mutation, namely c.169C>T(p.Gln57X) and c.264dup(p.Glu89fs*15). One patient was identified with a heterozygous mutation in MAP3K1 gene c. 1016G>A (p. Arg339Gln) by NGS, which was likely pathogenic mutation. In addition, CMA analysis and NGS found no pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) in other 2 sporadic patients. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the younger of two sisters, whose parents were consanguineous marriage, filtered homozygous variants in the homozygous regions, no specific deleterious variants or likely variants associated with sexual development were found. CNVs analysis found an approximate 14 kb homozygous deletion in intron 2 of DMRT1 gene in both sister cases (Chr9: 866, 388-880, 086, hg19), and PCR sequencing with amplified spanned the junction revealed that healthy parents were heterozygous deletion carriers. Then PhastCons software was used to analyze the conserved fragments of the deletion intron sequences and two conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) were found. Conclusion · SRY mutation was the frequent cause accounted for 46,XY CGD, and 2 novel pathogenic mutations in SRY gene were found. The 14 kb homozygous deletion in intron 2 of DMRT1 might be candidate pathogenic mutation for the sister patients. Stepwise analysis of genetic causes of 46,XY CGD patients might help to fully learn about the molecular changes in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors compared the contents of children and adolescent physical activity guides of China, the United States, Britain, Canada and Australia, and revealed the following findings: 1) in the guides of these countries, the definitions of the ages of children and adolescents are slightly different, coupled with school age divisions of the basic education systems; 2) the establishment subjects of the guides of these countries are different; 3) the specific operable objectives of the guides of these countries have respective features; 4) in the guides of the United States, Britain, Canada and Australia, the important functions of such 3 battlefields as school, family and community are highlighted; 5) as recommended by the guides of these countries, the physical activity types and events are somewhat different, the requirements for physical activity times and intensities are different too, and not involving weight management suggestions, only in the guides of the United States, Canada and Australia, it is pointed out that physical activities have risks. Inspirations to guide establishment in China in the future: 1) uplift guide objectives to the height of preventing diseases and seeking for human welfare; 2) specify physical activity fields, perfect the sports work planning system guided by the government, collaborated by the departments and participated by the whole society, and clarify and optimize physical activity events; 3) according to the physical conditions and different health level requirements of Chinese children and adolescents, recommend physical activity times and intensities, as well as physical activity events that can stimulate children's and adolescents' sports interest and have "living elements"; 4) add the contents of physical activity risks and risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the clinical changes of peripheral inflammatory markers and oxidative stress during post-acute and chronic phase after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods A total of 24 sTBI patients were included in this study. The changes of peripheral inflammatory markers [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] and oxidative parameters [glutathione peroxidase (GSH - Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and total plasma antioxidant activity (TEAA)] were monitored. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Dyskinesia Rating Scale (DRS) were used to evaluate cognitive function and motor function. Results There were significant differences on IL-6 (F = 105.982, P = 0.000), IFN (F = 19.873, P = 0.000), GSH-Px (F = 162.090, P = 0.000), SOD (F = 28.254, P = 0.000) and CAT (F = 4.782, P = 0.011) during different periods of sTBI (post-acute phase, chronic early phase, chronic phase). IL-6 and GSH-Px in chronic early phase (IL-6: t = 11.753, P = 0.000; GSH-Px: t = 16.901, P = 0.000) and chronic phase (IL-6: t = 14.533, P = 0.000; GSH-Px: t = 13.828, P = 0.000) were significantly lower than post-acute phase. IL-6 and GSH-Px in chronic phase (IL-6: t = 2.341, P = 0.012; GSH-Px: t = 3.073, P = 0.003) were significantly lower than chronic early phase. SOD in chronic early phase and chronic phase was significantly higher than post - acute phase (t = 7.264, P = 0.000; t = 5.303, P = 0.000). CAT in chronic early phase was significantly higher than post-acute phase (t = 3.060, P = 0.003). After 12 months, 24 patients completed the follow-up, and their FIM scores were significantly increased (t = 36.260, P = 0.000), while DRS scores were significantly decreased (t = 49.010, P = 0.000). Pearson correlation analysis showed that IL-6 (r = 0.446, P = 0.020) and GSH-Px (r = 0.142, P = 0.000) were positively correlated with overall cognitive performance index (CPI). IL-6 was positively correlated with attention (r = 0.431, P = 0.026) and executive function (r = 0.522, P = 0.005) of synthetic index (SI). IFN-γ (r = 0.497, P = 0.009) and TNF-α (r = 0.479, P = 0.009) were positively correlated with executive function of SI. GSH-Px was positively correlated with all SI (r = 0.220, P = 0.000; r = 0.344, P = 0.000; r = 0.011, P = 0.000). Conclusions Imbalance of oxidative stress response and over-production of inflammatory markers in acute phase of patients with severe traumatic brain injury might adversely affect the neurological functional recovery. Inflammatory markers and oxidative stress response might offer a feasible way to monitor recovery and predict the prognosis after severe traumatic brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the establishment of the models based on spectral characteristic parameter for estimating foliar nitrogen concentrations of Juglans regia 'Xinwen 185', this paper aimed to explore spectral technical approaches to rapidly monitoring the foliar N nutritional status of Juglans regia 'Xinwen 185'. Based on the field experiment of fertilizer efficiency, the foliar spectral reflectance and N concentrations of the foliar samples under different amounts of N fertilizer, which were applied in the fruit setting period, the fruit rapid-growth period, the fruit fat-change period and the fruit near-mature period, were measured separately with Unispec-SC and chemical analysis in the laboratory. The Pearson correlation analysis of the foliar spectral reflectance and foliar N element concentrations was done in the 4 phenological periods of fruit development, and the spectral characteristic parameters highly significantly correlated with the foliar spectral reflectance and foliar N element concentration were selected. Finally, the spectral characteristic parameter estimating models of the foliar N element concentration were established by employing regression analysis, with the adopted functions including power function, exponential function, semi-log function, linear function, quadratic function and cubic function, and then the independent sample was used to test the precision of the models, of which the one with the highest fitting degree was screened out. The results indicated that the spectral characteristic parameters, highly significantly correlated with the foliar N element concentration (P<0.01), were reflectance of the green peak position and ratio of red index in fruit setting period, yellow edge position, red valley position, ratio of green index, ratio of red index, normalized difference of green index and normalized difference of red index in the fruit fast-growing period, reflectance of the green peak position and ratio of red index in the fruit fat-change period, and reflectance of the green peak position, he spectra slop of yellow edge and red edge area in the fruit near-mature period. Moreover, the absolute values of the correlation coefficient were all greater than 0.96 in the 4 phenological periods of fruit development. Through cubic function analysis with the reflectance of the green peak position, yellow edge position, ratio of red index and the spectra slop of yellow edge as independent variables, the regression estimation models of the foliar N element concentration in the 4 phenological periods of fruit development were established respectively, and their fitting degrees R² were all above 0.99. In addition, the predicted values for foliar N concentration of Juglans regia 'Xinwen185' were relatively close to measured values, and all the models were examined by the confidence ellipse test; and RMSE and the relative errors (RE) of the independent sample tests were only 0.4533 g/kg and 0.4403%, 0.7716 g/kg and -0.3390%, 0.8793 g/kg and -0.3201%, 0.8145 g/kg and -0.1229% separately in the 4 phenological periods of fruit development. The models showed their significant stability and high estimation accuracy. The findings in this paper manifested that it was feasible to monitor foliar N nutritional levels of Juglans regia 'Xinwen 185' in the 4 phenological periods of fruit development by establishing spectral characteristic parameter models of foliar N element concentration estimation. Spectrum technology possesses great application potential in monitoring N element nutritional status of Juglans regia 'Xinwen 185'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The alkaloid content and components of the traditional medium aroma type of flue-cured tobacco samples among five different ecotypes localities were comparatively analyzed, providing references for promoting rational division of tobacco planting and improving the quality of tobacco leaves. [ Method ]The alkaloid content and its components in 127 samples of tobacco cutters (C3F)were comparatively analyzed, which were collected from five ecological regions of traditional medium aroma type of flue-cured tobacco. [Result]The content of nicotine,nornicotine and Myosmine of tobacco was the highest,which was produced in the central region of Guizhou Province,respectively reaching 2.88% and 0.68, 0.0044 mg/g. The content of nicotine,nornicotine,Myosmine and anatabine was the lowest,which was produced in the Qin-ba mountain,respectively ,2.24% and 0.50,0.0032,0.76 mg/g. Five main alkaloid contents of tobacco leaves from five ecotypes were in the order as follows :nicotine>anatabine>nornicotine>anabasine>Myosmine. The proportion of nicotine in total alkaloid was more than 93.00%,and the proportion of myosmine in total alkaloid was relatively stable. Correlation analysis showed that correlation between myosmine and anatabine was low. There was moderate correlation between myosmine and nornicotine. And moderate correlation between anabasine and anatabine was found. [Conclusion]There is a clear difference of tobacco alkaloid content in different ecological zones. Total alkaloid and nicotine contents of tobacco leaves from five ecotypes are in the order as follows : central region of Guizhou Province>Wuling mountain>northeast region>Shandong areas> Qinba mountain. And the proportion of nicotine in total alkaloid is more than 93.00%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we measured the responses of soil bacterial diversity and community structure to nitrogen (N) and water addition in the typical temperate grassland in northern China. Results showed that N addition significantly reduced microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) under regular precipitation treatment. Similar declined trends of MBC and MBN caused by N addition were also found under increased precipitation condition. Nevertheless, water addition alleviated the inhibition by N addition. N addition exerted no significant effects on bacterial α-diversity indices, including richness, Shannon diversity and evenness index under regular precipitation condition. Precipitation increment tended to increase bacterial α-diversity, and the diversity indices of each N gradient under regular precipitation were much lower than that of the corresponding N addition rate under increased precipitation. Correlation analysis showed that soil moisture, nitrate (NO3--N) and ammonium (NH4+-N) were significantly negatively correlated with bacterial evenness index, and MBC and MBN had a significant positive correlation with bacterial richness and evenness. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination illustrated that the bacterial communities were significantly separated by N addition rates, under both water ambient and water addition treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that soil MBC, MBN, pH and NH4+-N were the key environmental factors for shaping bacterial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the nutrient characteristics of 'salt island' and 'fertile island' effects in saline-alkali soil, the native Tamarix chinensis of the Yellow River Delta (YRD) was selected to measure its soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (SOC) , total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P) and their stoichiometry characteristics at different soil depths. The results showed that soil pH and EC increased with the increasing soil depth. Soil EC and P in the 0-20 cm layer decreased and increased from canopied area to interspace, respectively. SOC, N, N/P and C/P in the 20-40 cm soil layer decreased, and C/N increased from the shrub center to interspace. SOC and N contents between island and interspace both decreased but P content decreased firstly and then increased with the increasing soil depth. Soil pH correlated positively with EC. In addition, pH and EC correlated negatively with C, N, P contents and their ecological stoichiometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To simplify the complexity of moving boundary treatment in the two-phase flow numerical simulation and improve the computational accuracy of moving boundary treatment, a two-dimensional twophase flow model based on ALE method is established. The governing equations are discretized with the TVD-type MUSCL scheme to obtain a second order accuracy in finite volume form. A two-step and fourthorder Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the source terms. The dynamic mesh update method and numerical method are verified by a standard test with the exact solution. The numerical application on a large caliber guided projectile shows the complete development and the two-phase flow characteristics of the interior ballistic process. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The effects of different ignition conditions on interior ballistic performance are investigated. The study lays a theoretical foundation for deep optimization of the interior ballistic performance and firing safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment of young epileptic patients with febrile seizure (FS) history, and to investigate the relationship between febrile seizure and epileptic attack in adolescents. Methods The clinical data of epileptic patients with the onset age < 18 from Chinese PLA General Hospital during October 2002 to July 2010 and their epileptic etiology were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics, accessory examination results and treatment of these patients with simple febrile seizure (SFS) and complex febrile seizure (CFS) were analyzed. Results According to diagnostic criteria of epilepsy, 2699 cases (58.74%) with the onset age < 18 were collected from 4595 cases, including 1573 cases (58.28%) with idiopathic epilepsy and 1126 cases (41.72%) with secondary epilepsy. Febrile seizure (297 cases, 26.38%) was the main cause of adolescent secondary epilepsy, including simple febrile seizure in 200 cases and complex febrile seizure in 97 cases. Partial seizure was the main attack type (X2 = 4.933, P = 0.026). The abnormal rate of neuroimaging (X2 = 38.083, P = 0.000) and neuroelectrophysiological ( X2= 4.469, P = 0.035) in patients with febrile seizure history were obviously increased. The rate of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) therapy was 66.67% (198/297), and patients who had taken traditional antiepileptic drugs accounted for 70.20% (139/198). Conclusions The causes of secondary epilepsy in adolescents were various, with febrile seizure as the major one. Partial seizure was the main attack type in both simple febrile seizure and complex febrile seizure. Traditional antiepileptic drugs therapy was chosen more. However, nearly one-third patients took no medicine or took their medicine irregularly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem that students lack business practice participation in different industries in production management experimental teaching, we put forward a production management experimental teaching platform which integrates multiple industry data sources. The platform separats the system database from multiple business database and constructs a multi-level platform service technology architecture. The platform is constructed by using SaaS (Software as a Service) model. Using the workflow technology to complete templated business process modeling, it implements the whole process simulation of enterprise production management, and involves multiple industries and roles. Finally, we verify the feasibility and applicability of production management experimental teaching platform by taking motor manufacturing industry as an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Comprehensive evaluation on drought resistance of different flue-cured tobacco varieties at seedling stage was performed with subordinate function values analysis, in order to provide theoretical references for breeding and cultivation of tobacco with drought-resistance. [Method] 25 main varieties in Yunnan Province and China were taken as materials. Floating seedlings of tobacco were exposed to drought stress with controlled water supply, followed by measurement of survival rates. In addition, changes of physiological and biochemical characteristics during stress treatment (3, 6, and 9 d) were identified, including relative water content, relative conductivity and content of MDA. Then final comprehensive evaluation on drought tolerance of different varieties was analyzed with subordinate function, using average membership function values of each index. [Result] The results indicated that the survival rates of seedlings and leaf water content significantly reduced under drought stress, whereas relative electric conductivity, contents of proline, soluble sugar, as well as MDA increased in tobacco leaves. Moreover, changes in indexes showed obvious differences in the tested varieties. Finally, among all the selected 25 tobacco varieties, K326 exhibited the highest drought resistance, due to its highest average membership function values (0.755), and next ones were RG17 (0.668) and Panyuanhuang (0.650). In contrast, Yunyan 97 and Yunyan 202 showed less drought tolerance, with their average membership function values below 0.400. [Conclusion] K326, RG17 and Panyuanhuang were identified as drought-tolerant varieties at seedling stage, which are suitable for extensive planting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term "public memorial ceremony" has existed since the ancient times, but the meanings in the past and at present are different. In the past, it happens at the ranks of the state, the local and family for implementing, on the one hand, the social ethical ideology that attends carefully to the funeral riles of parents and follow them when gone with due sacrifices and, on the other, the hierarchical institution that distinguishes the priority in status. Modern public memorial ceremony arises under the influence of nationalistic ideology around the beginning of the 20th century. It is a reconciliation of the relevant traditions of both the West and our own. And today the practice subject per sc has gradually moved downward from the Central Government to the local and non governmental units, nomely, a way towards the public. The current form that has revived during 1980s conceives the necessity for further reform, which, however, does not influence the own historical advancement and the importance of the practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]