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[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal patterns and key influencing factors of the coupling and coordination between regional energy transformation and social equity, in order to provide evaluation methods and management policies for China’s regional energy justice and high-quality development of new energy in the new era. [Methods] By introducing the Energy Policy Sustainability Assessment Framework (EPSEF) and considering the terminal energy electrification rate, income distribution, and five key influencing factors related to energy justice, a comprehensive evaluation model was constructed to evaluate the spatial-temporal characteristics and key influencing factors of the coupling and coordination of regional terminal energy electrification and social equity in China from 2001 to 2020. [Results] (1) From 2001 to 2020, the increase of electrification rate of terminal energy showed a trend of the western region (+7.23%) > the eastern region (+5.51%) > the central region (+4.77%) > the northeastern region (-0.42%). The improvement of social equity showed a trend of the eastern region (+3.90) > the central region (+3.61) > the western region (+3.10) > the northeastern region (+2.20). (2) The coupling and coordination degrees have entered the adjustment stage in the 13th Five Year Plan period, and presented a shuttle shape of narrow at both ends and wide in the middle, with fewer medium-level coordination and mild imbalance provinces, and more barely coordinated and primary coordination provinces. (3) From 2001 to 2020, social participation and energy poverty had significantly improved in most regions, while labor employment, public health, and environmental pollution were the areas commonly had shortcomings. [Conclusion] China’s renewable energy development urgently needs to address the shortcomings of coordinated improvement of social equity in underdeveloped areas. Currently, there are fluctuations or “regionalized” imbalances in the coordinated development of energy transformation and social equity in some regions, which may be related to factors such as lagging behind in the coordinated construction of energy infrastructure, limited power market absorption capacity, shrinking of resource-based cities, and spillover effects of energy development. National policy intervention of China plays a significant role in promoting the universal service of electric energy. In the future, it is still necessary to expand and strengthen the collaborative improvement of key factors of energy justice such as employment, public health, and environmental pollution.

Objective Data interconnection and interaction are realized through ATP (automatic train protection) system in most of the existing train speed and distance measuring technologies. However, the implementation process is complicated, and the train positioning is failure prone caused by timing sequence problems. It is necessary to explore a more reliable and effective technical method to realize real-time and accurate train positioning. Method The function realization flows of the speed and distance measuring system at single end of the train, and the redundant speed and distance measuring system at both ends of the train based on CAN (control LAN) bus are introduced. The differences of the data processing flow between the above two systems are further compared. Calculation models for train running speed and distance are established in terms of the redundant speed and distance measuring system at both ends of the train. On this basis, the train speed and distance correction models are also established considering the train length factors and the delay in data transmission and processing process between the train ends. A train operation simulation system is built to simulate the fault condition of the train head-end positioning equipment, and analyze the validity of the data under the above fault condition after switching between redundant speed and distance measuring systems at train head-end and tail-end. Result & Conclusion The system can continuously output valid speed and distance measuring data in the event of train head-end positioning equipment failure, accurately describing the train speed and position information.

Objective In order to solve the lag problem of current passive detection methods in detecting the obstacles in the area directly related to train running (hereinafter referred to as train running area or TRA), reserve more reaction time for train braking, reduce the incidence of train accidents, and mitigate the consequence of the train accidents, it is necessary to study the onboard active TRA obstacle detection technology. Method Through uniting the combination of multiple sensors and detection sub-tasks with the train signal system units, an active onboard detection system is proposed to actively detect whether there are obstacles intruding in the TRA boundary. Through testing the above system in the straight TRA with different obstacles, the effective identification distances of the obstacles are obtained. Result & Conclusion The above system can provide the train with autonomous perception ability, timely sending alarm messages or starting train braking when obstacles intruding in the boundary appear in the front TRA.

Flavor substances endow foods with unique characteristics, which determine the aroma and taste sensory attributes of foods, directly affect food quality and reflect the characteristic quality and quality requirements of foods. Flavor substances play an important role in the research, production and consumption of foods, and deep research, development and utilization of flavor substances are important for the development of the food industry. In this paper, the definition and classification of flavor substances in foods are introduced, the synthesis mechanism of flavor substances through the fatty acid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolic pathways are elucidated, and the detection methods of flavor substances and their applications in the food processing industry are reviewed. Finally, the limitations of flavor substance detection are discussed and an outlook on future directions in this field is given. We hope that this review will provide directions for the development and utilization of food flavor substances.

Ammonia nitrogen wastewater is one of the most difficult water treatment problems in the world. In the process of uranium mining, beneficiation and smelting, radioactive solid waste will be produced which cann’t be effectively treated, and will be stored in uranium tailings pond for a long time. Due to the role of rainwater, tailings pond will produce a large amount of wastewater, leach harmful substances into the water to form percolation drainage. Uranium tailings percolation drainage has the characteristics of high salt, high ammonia nitrogen, poor biodegradability and high chloride ion content, and the components in different regions of tailings pond are greatly different. Existing ammonia nitrogen treatment methods can’t effectively treat complex wastewater. Electro-oxidation method is a clean and efficient method to remove ammonia nitrogen in wastewater. By using electric energy and catalytic oxidation of anode and cathode plates, as well as indirect oxidation, chlorine ions in water are converted into highly oxidizing hypochlorite ions, and ammonia nitrogen is converted into harmless nitrogen by strong oxidation, so as to achieve harmless treatment of wastewater and no secondary waste is generated. In this paper, the principle and chemical reaction process of ammonia nitrogen removal by electro-oxidation were analyzed, and the factors affecting the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen were clarified, including chloride ion concentration, plate material, current density, pH, etc., and the influence of each factor on the electro-oxidation process was determined by single factor test. Through orthogonal analysis, the influence degree of each factor on the ammonia nitrogen removal rate was explored, and the influence degree of each factor was ranked from high to low, in order of chloride ion concentration>plate material>current density. pH is a secondary factor, which provides alkaline environment for electrochemical reaction and has little effect on ammonia nitrogen removal. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is significantly improved under different conditions, among which chloride ion is the most obvious, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen increases from 43.4% at 369 mg/L chloride ion concentration to 96% at 1000 mg/L. Finally, the Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2 electrode set is recommended. The optimal conditions are chloride ion concentration of 1 000 mg/L, current density of 20 mA/cm2, electrolytic time of 3 h, pH=9-11, under which the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is 100%. The effluent of ammonia nitrogen meets the requirements of ‘Regulations on Radiation Protection and Radiation Environment Protection for Uranium Mining and Metallurgy’ and ‘Comprehensive Sewage Discharge Standard’.

In order to objectively and accurately assess the airborne flight posture in the trajectory-based operation (TBO) mode, a flight posture assessment method based on complex network and MFIM-TOPSIS is proposed. Firstly, the precise protection zone of different aircraft types is established by analyzing the risk of lateral collision between aircraft, and the flight conflict network is constructed by using the three-dimensional velocity barrier method, which is close to the TBO air operation environment, based on which six network topology indexes, such as total node degree, average point strength and network density, are selected to build the flight attitude assessment index system. To weaken the influence of the assessment subjectivity, an interaction matrix that can reflect subjective factors-objective factors is proposed. The maximum information coefficient is used to improve the coding of interaction matrix. Finally the flight attitude level status is assessed by using the superiority-disadvantage solution distance method. The simulation analysis and the example analysis of Takasaki Airport show that the evaluation model can accurately assess the air traffic situation and provide auxiliary information for controllers' decision making and command.

[Objective] This study was aimed to elucidate wind-induced rill erosion characteristics on the windward slope. [Methods] Artificial simulated wind-driven rain experiments were conducted. The study investigated changes in water and sediment processes as well as rill morphology under different wind speed conditions (0, 3, 5, and 7 m/s). [Results] Compared to slopes without wind, the windward slope exhibited a 20.59%~47.06% increase in flow generation time and a 33.10%~137.78% increase in the occurrence of falling ridges. The average slope flow velocity decreased by 12.86%~22.53%. Runoff and sediment production rates notably decreased with increasing wind speed (p < 0.05). The runoff production rate on windward slopes followed a similar trend under different wind speeds, gradually increasing with rainfall before stabilizing over time, with no significant differences observed among stages at different wind speeds. Sediment yield rates increased rapidly with prolonged rainfall duration, followed by a gradual decrease and stabilization. Nodes of sediment yield rate changes aligned closely with the occurrence of falling ridges. Rill dimensions (width, depth, fluctuation degree) decreased with rising wind speed. The width-depth ratio and rill inclination ranged from 1.40 to 1.69 and 13.47 to 14.76 degrees, respectively, increasing with higher wind speeds. Under various wind speed conditions, rill volume, splitting degree, and density ranged from 4.39 to 10.27 cm3, 0.024 to 0.042, and 2.03 to 2.92 m/m2, respectively, all decreasing with increasing wind speed. [Conclusion] The volume, density and degree of fragmentation of rills are all significantly positively correlated with the amount of slope erosion, making them the preferred indicators for characterizing the morphology of rills on windward slopes.

This study proposed a non-destructive method for rapid freshness evaluation of green bean based on Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of green bean with different storage times were collected, its physicochemical indicators reflecting changes in freshness including mass loss rate, total color difference (∆E), hardness, ascorbic acid content and chlorophyll content were measured, and chemometrics methods were used to associate the spectral data with the physicochemical data. The effectiveness of different spectral pretreatments such as baseline correction (BL), Gaussian filter (GF), normalization (NL) and standard normal variable (SNV) was compared, and partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR) were used individually to establish freshness prediction models will all or selected wavenumbers. Moreover, the regression coefficient (RC) method was used to select the characteristic Raman wavenumbers. The simplified PLSR model for each freshness indicator showed a correlation coefficient of calibration set (rc) of greater than 0.92, a correlation coefficient of prediction set (rp) of greater than 0.89, and a residual predictive deviation (RPD) of greater than 2.0. The rc and rp of the PCR model were greater than 0.79 and 0.73, respectively. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that Raman spectroscopy allows non-destructive and rapid detection of the freshness of green bean.

Abstract [Objective] The study aims to investigate the bamboo resources in Guizhou in order to supplement and enrich the existing bamboo materials, as well as to provide a basis for the planning and developing of bamboo industry. [Methods] Field investigation, specimen collection and identification, and information retrieval were conducted using a combination of “surface” and “point” methods to compile new distribution records of genera and species. [Results] One genus and six species of newly recorded bamboo plants were found in Guizhou Province. The new record genus was Schizostachyum . The six new record species were S. pseudolima McClure, Bambusa funghomii McClure, Yushania longshanensis D. Z. Li & X. Y. Ye, Y. polytricha Hsueh et Yi, Y. pauciramificans Yi, and Y. punctulata Yi. [Conclusion] The discovery of these new genera and species in Guizhou expands the distribution of bamboo plants and enriches their diversity in Guizhou

For investigating the microbial corrosion behavior of water supply pipelines in thermal power plants using regenerated water as the water source, a circular biofilm hanging plate reactor was used to dynamically simulate the operation status of the regenerated water pipeline. The influence process and mechanism of iron bacteria(IOB), sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB) and their mixture on the corrosion of Q235 steel were studied by measuring the pH value and conductivity of the solution, weight loss of the specimen, electrochemical parameters(such as redox potential, polarization curve, AC impedance), bacterial count, and combining SEM, EDS, XRD and other methods. Results showed that the number of two types of bacteria increased over time, and the pH value of the regenerated water first decreased and then increased, while the conductivity steadily increased. Furthermore, the number of bacteria in the environment was positively correlated with the corrosion rate of pipes at this time, and SRB were the main bacterial species that affected microbial corrosion. Through EDS and XRD analysis, it was found that the main components of corrosion products varied in different environments: the corrosion products during IOB process were mainly FeOOH, with a small amount of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4; the main corrosion products during SRB process were iron oxide and iron sulfide; When SRB+IOB coexisted, the main corrosion products were Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeS. Besides, the microbial film and corrosion products generated on the surface of the pipeline in the early stage would inhibit the corrosion of Q235. In the later stage, the deactivation of the microbial film and the detachment of the covered corrosion products would accelerate the corrosion.

To analyze the community characteristics of tropical monsoon forests with different succession stages, four different plant communities named A, B, C, and D were investigated in this study, respectively, in a typical monsoon forest of Ehuangzhang in Yangchun, Guangdong Province. The species composition, biodiversity and spatial structure were analyzed, their maturity levels’ differences were detemined, succession direction was predicted, and suggestions for optimization were put forward. The results were as follows: (1) The forest layers of the four communities were single. Small diameter at breast height (DBH) class trees and lower forest dominated these communities, owning 1-3 obvious dominant species. (2) The Shannon-Wiener index ranged from 2.72 to 3.74, Simpson index from 0.90 to 0.97, and Pielou evenness index from 0.74 to 0.89, suggesting that their diversity characteristics were significant differences. (3) Their dominance ranged from 0.49 to 0.51, uniform angle from 0.56 to 0.61, mingling from 0.54 to 0.83, forest spatial structure index from 60.57 to 71.44, forest spatial structure distance from 53.15 to 68.53. (4) The analysis of community basic characteristics, diversity characteristics and spatial structural characteristics indicated that the maturity levels in all community ranked D > A > C > B. In conclusion, four communities are currently in the pre- or mid-term succession stages and the development space of DBH and tree height is large. The four communities are in the moderate growth state. All trees show a slight aggregated distribution, and the tree species are moderately, strongly or very strongly mingling. Besides, there is a distance in spatial structure between four communities and ideal forest with the development of maturity levels. The four communities continue to succession with intolerant tree species as the main dominant tree species, and gradually and preliminarily have the typical vegetation characteristics of the district forest climax community. With the development of maturity levels, the four communities’ biodiversity and mingling will increase, the spatial structure will be optimized and the stability will be enhanced. The results of this study provide scientific basis for community construction mechanism and forest structure optimization. In the future, Ehuangzhang tropical monsoon forests should be more regulated and protected, while the ecology of vegetation and biodiversity conservation in the area should be widely monitored and studied in depth.

The ignition and combustion behaviors of titanium aluminide (TiAl alloy) were studied by using laser oxygen concentration experimental method combined with ultra-high temperature infrared thermometer, high-speed camera in-situ observation, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The formation and movement laws of the molten body, types and structural characteristics during the combustion process were revealed, and the molten body mechanism was further explored. The results show that the critical conditions of laser power and oxgyen concentration for the ignition and sustained burning of TiAl alloy follow parabolic and parabolic+linear laws, respectively, which are significantly higher than those of near α high temperature titanium alloy, indicating the better flame retardant properties of TiAl alloy. The ignition temperature of TiAl alloy is higher than the melting point. During the ignition period, the partial melting of the matrix causes the transition of Al element from internal oxidation to external oxidation. The oxides formed during the sustained burning stage are characterized as Al2O3, Al2Ti7O15, Al2TiO5, and Al6Ti2O13 phases from the inner side to the burning surface. The continuous network Al2O3 layer formed in the fusion zone can hinder the movement of the melt. The Ti-Al-O ternary phase formed in the combustion zone can improve the stability of the Al2O3 protective layer by reducing the decomposition pressure of Al2O3, thus leading to the better flame retardant performance of TiAl alloy.

24-hour movement behaviors include physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep. Domestic and foreign studies have found that the elderly generally have problems of low physical activity, sedentary behavior and insufficient sleep. Rational allocation of 24-hour movement behaviors has been demonstrated to be an important measure to improve adverse health outcomes in older adults, but the relevant research on 24-hour movement behaviors of the elderly is still in the exploratory stage. This paper reviews the concept, theoretical development and analytical methods of 24-hour movement behaviors and its relationship with adverse health outcomes in the elderly. In the future, relevant studies should be actively carried out to deeply explore and quantify the impact of 24-hour movement behaviors on health, develop a combination of 24-hour movement behaviors that can exert the maximum health benefits of the elderly, and develop accurate assessment tools, so as to promote active and healthy aging.

Due to global climate change (especially the repeated fluctuation of the Quaternary climate) and environmental isolation have a profound impact on the genetic diversity, genetic structure, geographical distribution pattern and population historical dynamics of modern plants. We used the research method of molecular pedigree geography to analyze the three non-coding chloroplast fragments psbK-psbI, atpF-atpH and trnL-F of 212 individuals from 19 populations in China of Pinellia ternata, a Araceae Pinellia perennial herb with high value of medicin, to explore the genetic diversity, genetic structure, geographical distribution pattern and its causes, and also explore the historical dynamics of its population. The results were as follows: (1) The total haplotype diversity (Hd) of P. ternata was 0.882 and the total nucleotide diversity (π) was 1.23 × 10-3, which means high genetic diversity at the species level. (2) The results of molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation of P. ternata occurred mainly in 89.27% of populations, with significant genetic differentiation (FST=0.909, P GST(0.01

With the improvement of thrust-to-weight ratio and other properties of future aero-engine，the high temperature mechanical property and structural stability of titanium alloy components are required. The limitation of traditional experiments in time and space scale has become increasingly prominent，and it is difficult to deeply study the microscopic transient phenomena and mechanisms. Moreover，the molecular dynamics（MD）calculation method takes the atomic/molecular model as the calculation object，on the basis of Newton classical mechanics and empirical parameters，the calculation efficiency is greatly improved compared with the quantum calculation method. Therefore，MD has become an important method to optimize the process parameters and calculate the microstructure properties of aero-engine titanium alloy. Based on an overview of the basic principle of MD computing space and time scale advantages，this paper reviews the relevant domestic and foreign achievements in the study of molding，microstructure characterization and performance testing of aero-engine titanium alloys by MD method in recent years，as well as representative conclusions that contribute to the improvement of high temperature resistance of aero-engine titanium alloys. Finally，the future prospect is discussed based on the demand for MD computing technology for aircraft engine titanium alloys，thus pointing out the challenges faced on the following aspects，including high-throughput composition design based on MD computing method，training molecular force fields for mature titanium alloy systems，and introducing the new ReaxFF（Reactive Force Field）into the study of combustion mechanisms.

During the process of cloud-to-ground lightning connection, the propagation of downward leader to the near-ground area can elevate the electric field at one or several points on the surface of ground tip object to the breakdown threshold of surrounding air, initiating one or more upward leaders, which are known as multiple upward leaders. The emergence of tall buildings has led to an increase in the number of observations of upward lightning strikes on different buildings or the same building. The presence of multiple upward leaders means that multiple parts of the building may be struck. Conducting simulation experiments to study the mechanism of the multiple upward leader phenomenon is of great significance for developing lightning protection. The relative velocity ratio of the downward and upward leaders may be one of the key factors in the lightning connection process. The relative speed ratio of leader propagation in random lightning connection mode cannot accurately describe the relative distance ratio of downward and upward leader propagation. Taking into account the optical observation facts and the electric field environment during thunderstorms, the background electric field module setting is improved on the basis of the existing three-dimensional random mode for multiple upward leaders. It also incorporates a relative propagation speed module for the downward negative and upward positive leaders, establishing the relative propagation speed of leaders according to their propagation distance. Applying the new model to simulate multiple upward leader phenomena triggered by a flat-roofed single building, compared with the previous version, parameters of the new model, such as flash distance and upward leader length, show better consistency with natural lightning. On this basis, the lightning connection process on the high-rise buildings in the Pearl River New Town is simulated, and the improved model can more accurately replicate the lightning occurrence patterns of complex buildings. Characteristic parameters of lightning strikes on urban building clusters are mainly determined by factors such as the shape characteristics, relative position, and relative height of each building. The distance at which lightning strikes buildings is positively correlated with their height. The probability of lightning strikes, the distance of lightning strikes, and other parameters of buildings with similar shapes in the same building group are relatively consistent during ground lightning activities. However, there are still special events that occur when a branch of the downward leader is in close spatial proximity to the building, causing the upward leader to initiate at the top of the building and connect to it.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of microbial contamination in domestic freezers and evaluate the microbial improvement effects of professional refrigerator cleaning.MethodsSamples were collected aseptically from the food dividers， vegetable frames， and door seals of 15 household refrigerators before and after cleaning in Chengdu City. A total of 90 samples were obtained. The total number of bacteria， fungi， and coliforms in the samples was determined to reflect the sanitary conditions of the refrigerator. Coliform bacteria， Staphylococcus aureus， Salmonella， Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated and cultured to determine the contamination status of these pathogenic bacteria. The effect of refrigerator cleaning was analyzed comprehensively according to microorganism detection and clearance rates before and after cleaning.ResultsBefore cleaning， the total number of bacteria in the refrigerator ranged from 2.4×103 to 1.4×105 CFU/cm2. After cleaning， the total number of bacteria ranged from 0 to 230 CFU/cm2. The bacterial clearance rates of the food dividers， vegetable frames， and door seals were 99.90%， 99.89%， and 99.81%， respectively. Before cleaning， the total number of fungi in the refrigerator ranged from 0 to 750 CFU/cm2. After cleaning， the total number of fungi in the refrigerator ranged from 0 to 58 CFU/cm2. The fungal clearance rates for the partition， vegetable frame， and door seal were 99.40%， 96.99%， and 99.41%， respectively. Before cleaning， the average detection rates of coliform bacteria， Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella， were 64.44%， 13.33%， and 2.22%， respectively； Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica were not detected. After washing， the average coliform bacteria detection rate was 13.33%； Staphylococcus aureus， Salmonella， Listeria monocytogenes， and Yersinia enterocolitica were not detected.ConclusionThis study revealed the presence of a high number of bacteria and fungi in the freezers of domestic refrigerators before cleaning， with S. aureus and Salmonella contamination. After professional cleaning， their sterility significantly improved， notably reducing potential food safety risks.

To address the scalability limitations of traditional centralized optimal power flow algorithms， a fully distributed algorithm for solving optimal power flow in DC systems with large-scale distributed energy sources is proposed. Firstly， the non-convex optimal power flow model of DC systems is transformed into a second-order cone programming （SOCP） model using convex relaxation methods. Subsequently， a distributed algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers （ADMM） is established to solve this model. The algorithm is then transformed by eliminating consensus variables into an improved fully distributed algorithm for optimal power flow in DC systems. Finally， in simulation tests on enhanced IEEE 13-node and 118-node systems， the algorithm proved capable of achieving a globally optimal solution for optimal power flow in radial and ring DC systems. Notably， this was accomplished without the necessity of a central coordinating unit to synchronize boundary consistency information across regions. Instead， the algorithm relies on parallel optimization within each region and the exchange of minimal boundary node information between adjacent regions.

Objective To explore the effect of health education based on interactive 3D-modeling of intracranial artery on interventional diagnosis and treatment for patients with intracranial artery stenosis. Methods A total of 70 patients requiring interventional diagnosis and treatment due to intracranial artery stenosis admitted to our department in 2022 were enrolled, and randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 35 cases in each group. Their stenotic sites of intracranial arteries included the vertebral and middle cerebral arteries. The observation group received the preoperative conventional education mode combined with interactive 3D-modeling to carry out health education, while the control group got the unified education sheet and slides to carry out routine preoperative health education. A self-made publicity and education effectiveness rating scale was used to score before and after the publicity and education, and their scores of awareness of intracranial artery stenosis, awareness of treatment plans, and satisfaction with medical treatment were compared between the 2 groups. Results Before the health education, there was no statistical differences in their awareness scores concerning intracranial vessels(normal intracranial arteries, intracranial arterial occlusion, and vascular stenosis treatment) between the 2 groups patients. After the implementation of education, the awareness scores of intracranial vessels were elevated in both groups, but the awareness scores of the normal intracranial artery, intracranial artery occlusion, vascular stenosis treatment, and treatment satisfaction were significantly higher in the observation group than the control group(P

[Objective] To explore the mechanism of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings adapting to the drought-rehydration environment in Karst area, China, using the seedlings of C. glauca as materials, which providds theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and artificial afforestation in the region. [Methods] Water control experiments in pots were carried out. The effects of four different drought treatments, including control (-0.1 MPa), mild drought (-0.5 MPa), moderate drought (-0.9 MPa), severe drought (-1.5 MPa), and rehydration treatments, on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and anatomical structure of leaves were studied. [Results] (1) With the increase in drought stress intensity, the leaf relative water content, water potential, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were significantly decreased, while stomatal limitation (Ls) was increased significantly. Photosynthetic parameters under mild stress and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) under mild and moderate drought stress were not significantly affected. After rehydration, leaf water parameters, Pn, Tr, Gs, Ci, and WUE under drought stress were higher than those before rehydration, while Ls was lower than those before rehydration. The leaf water conditions and photosynthetic parameters under mild drought stress were better than those of the control after rehydration. Only Ls under moderate drought stress did not recover to the level of the control after rehydration. Neither leaf water content nor photosynthetic parameters under severe drought stress were recovered to the level of the control after rehydration. (2) With the increase in drought stress intensity, the initial fluorescence (Fo) of leaves were increased significantly, while the maximum fluorescence (Fm), maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo) of leaves were decreased significantly. There were significant differences in these parameters between mild drought stress and control. After rehydration, Fm, Fv/Fm, and Fv/Fo under drought stress were higher than those before rehydration, whereas Fo was slightly lower than that before rehydration. All the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters after rehydration under mild stress recovered to or better than those of the control. Fo under moderate and severe drought stress did not return to the control level after rehydration, and Fv/Fm under severe stress was only 0.75 after rehydration. (3) With the increase in drought stress, leaf thickness, upper and lower epidermis thickness, stomatal density, and main vein conduit diameter were increased significantly, the length and width of stomatal apparatus, stomatal opening area, and sponge tissue thickness were decreased significantly, while palisade tissue thickness, ratio of palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness, and main vein thickness were changed in the order of moderate > mild > control > severe drought stress. After rehydration, only the stomatal opening area and the thickness of main leaf veins under drought stress were increased significantly compared with that before rehydration. After rehydration, the leaf structural parameters under mild drought stress were restored to or better than those of the control. The stomatal opening area after rehydration in moderate drought stress was still significantly lower than that of the control. After rehydration, the stomatal opening area under severe drought stress failed to recover, and the thickness of main veins under severe drought stress was lower than that of the control. [Conclusion] C. glauca seedlings have strong drought tolerant ability and postdrought recovery ability, which are suitable for ecological restoration in Karst area. The seedlings need to be protected from moderate drought stress (-0.9 MPa) in the nurturing stage, to facilitate post-drought recovery.

BackgroundWith the rapid development of nuclear energy and the wide application of nuclear technology, the radioactivity level of bodies of water has become a highly concerning issue for the public and governments, especially after the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan.PurposeThis study aims to develop an online γ radioactivitymonitoring system based on 4G Remote Terminal Unit (4G-RTU) to meet the needs of online and emergency monitoring of water radioactivity.MethodsFirst, the γ-ray monitoring device based on sodium iodide detector, 4G-RTU, an integrated power supply waterproof and compression resistant floating device and corresponding software were employed to compose an online monitoring. Second, Qt programming control software was used to realize the remote control of the system, real-time radioactivity monitoring, and data upload. Finally, the original data obtained by the system were used to test the performance indicators, applicability, accuracy, and software functions to verify the practicability of the system.ResultsWithin the coverage of the 4G network, the system realizes remote control of equipment, real-time online monitoring, and data upload throughout the day. The detectable energy range of the system is 30~3 000 keV, and the energy resolution of the system for 137Cs at 662 keV is 7.3% with minimum detectable activity of 0.75 Bq∙L-1. The spectral drift for 208Tl at 2 614 keV is 0.33%, and the linearity of the spectral energy is 0.999 970. The maximum value of energy spectrum stability is 2.28% for 7 h continuous operating, and the minimum value is -2.36%. The operating temperature range of the system is in the range of -5 ℃ to +50 ℃.ConclusionsThe on-line monitoring system meets the application demand and achieves the expected function. It has important popularization value and application prospects in the field of online radioactive monitoring of bodies of water such as oceans, lakes, and rivers.

Metasurface is a thin layer that composed of periodic subwavelength artificial structures. By vibrating together with the incident electromagnetic waves, it introduces the phase jump, which breaks the traditional dependence on spatial optical path accumulation and exhibits unique electromagnetic characteristics. Metasurface has attracted great interest during the past ten years due to its ultra-thin thickness, ultrashort modulation distance and manipulation of light with ultrahigh resolution, superior to traditional optical elements. As the two-dimensional counterpart of metamaterials, it is easier to manufacture and integrate into the devices with operating wavelength ranging from microwaves to visible. The manufacturing processes commonly used for metasurfaces include ultraviolet lithography, electron beam lithography, focused ion beam lithography and nanoimprinting. However, the mass application still faces contradictions between processing accuracy and mass manufacturing and processing costs. Two-photon 3-Dimensional (3D) printing technology which is based on femtosecond pulse laser and two-photon polymerization reaction can fabricate metasurface with high precision and complex 3D structure by only one-step lithography without mask. It has the merits of processing convenience and flexibility, and has the potential of large-scale manufacturing. Therefore, it is widely used in the study and fabrication of metasurface. The paper reviews recent researches on metasurface optical devices fabricated by two-photon 3D printing technologies. An introduction to the concept, advantages and processing methods of metasurface is presented firstly, followed by the principle, development, and technological advantages of two-photon 3D printing. Recent study on metasurface devices ranging from plasmonic metasurfaces, metalens, metasurfaces for nano-display and holography, and metasurfaces integrated into fiber facet are reviewed respectively. Finally, the discussion and comments on metasurface devices based on two-photon 3D printing are given.

The concentration, complexity, and significant anisotropy of in-situ stress make it a pressing and challenging issue in engineering geology safety in strong tectonic activity areas. This paper firstly analyzes the application and existing problems of in-situ stress measurement in deep-buried underground engineering in strong tectonic activity areas. Then, it focuses on the application method, technology, and roles of real-time in-situ stress monitoring in deep underground engineering within tectonically active regions. Finally, it discusses the problems that need to be considered in the application of in-situ stress measurement and real-time monitoring. The results show that in the strong tectonic activity area, relying solely on limited deep hole in-situ stress measurements to determine overall stress design parameters for deep underground engineering is inadequate. A comprehensive study of the three-dimensional in-situ stress field is necessary to reveal its spatial distribution characteristics. Different in-situ stress design parameters should be used for different positions of the deep-buried underground project to avoid engineering waste or engineering damages caused by large or small in-situ stress design parameters. In the strong tectonic activity area, the disk core density is inversely proportional to the measured magnitude of the in-situ stress, and the depth range that has yet to form in the cake-shaped core often has the highest in-situ stress and the most concentrated stress, and the deep underground engineering should avoid this depth range. While a major earthquake or major engineering geological problem occurs, real-time monitoring of in-situ stress can dynamically reveal the relative change trend and evolution process of the in-situ stress magnitude of a specific structural site. It can calculate the absolute value of the in-situ stress state in different time domains during the real-time monitoring period without carrying out new absolute in-situ stress measurements. Regional crust stability and deep-buried engineering geological safety risks can be quickly evaluated, and quantitative in-situ stress design parameters and the stress-strain reserved threshold for preventing deformation and breaking can be provided for the damage repair of deep-buried engineering and the risk of fault activity can also be assessed. The research results will offer geological security for the planning, construction, and safe operation and maintenance of major projects in strong tectonic activity areas.

Baishanzu area in Qingyuan, Zhejiang Province, which is famous for the discovery of Abies beshanzuensis, has the most typical mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and complete vertical zones of mountain ecosystems in China, and this provides good natural conditions for paleoclimatic reconstruction using surface soil and airborne pollen data. Based on the pollen spectra of nine surface soil pollen samples collected at 300-1,700 m altitude, the relationship between vegetation and surface soil pollen in this area was preliminarily studied. The results show that surface soil pollen in this area can be divided into three assemblage zones from top to bottom according to altitude and ratios of coniferous pollen/broad-leaved pollen and arboreal pollen/non-arboreal pollen, which correspond to the evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and temperate coniferous forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest and warm coniferous forest, secondary forest, and farmland (caused by human interference) zones. The surface pollen assemblages were dominated by the evergreen coniferous tree species Pinus, with an average pollen content of 67.5%. The pollen of Castanopsis (6.2%), Quercus (3.4%), Betula (1.4%), and Corylus (1.4%) is common. In contrast, Cyclobalanopsis, Liquidambar, Symplocos, Tsuga, Oleaceae, and Ericaceae had lower contents. Herbaceous plants are dominated by Poaceae (11.2%), including Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, etc. The spore content of fern vegetation was high, mainly Hicriopteris (38.2%) and Polypodiaceae (7.4%). Pinus pollen appeared in all samples, with the highest average content. With increasing altitude, the mean percentage gradually increased from 54.8% to 77.3%, and it is an overly represented pollen with a low sedimentation rate that is easily preserved and transported to the area. Abies pollen is only observed in the samples under the A. beshanzuensis tree at an altitude of 1,700 m. Its percentage is lower than 1%, which may be related to low pollen yield and the relatively narrow distribution range of A. beshanzuensis in this area. In addition, the pollen diversity analysis results based on Simpson's index show that human interference factors prevent the surface soil pollen at lower altitudes in this area from reflecting the regional zonal vegetation. With decreasing altitude, the deciduous component of arboreal pollen in the pollen assemblage increased from 13.2% in Zone I to 40.9% in Zone III. Zone III shows a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest zone caused by human factors. The content of the evergreen component in zone I is high, which is related to the high humidity at higher altitudes. This study selects Baishanzu National Park to study the surface soil pollen and preliminarily discusses the characteristics of the surface soil pollen assemblage and its relationship with vegetation, which provide research materials and the basis for Quaternary paleovegetation and paleoclimate reconstructions in the Baishanzu area, Qingyuan County, China. However, due to a lack of surface soil samples and modern vegetation investigation data, the reliability of the research results is affected. In future research, sampling and density quadrat surveys of surface sampling sites will be increased to cover as many vegetation zones as possible.

Birds are excellent indicators of ecosystems and environmental conditions because they are responsive to habitat change and have important ecological functions. When birds are dependent on habitat functioning in specific ways, the population trends of birds can provide insights into ecosystem function. We conducted monthly bird surveys and monitored birds in Maofeng Mountain Forest Park from November 2020 to March 2022 by combining line transect and camera-trapping methods. These results help estimate bird community structure, bird diversity, and habitat influence. The study area was divided into three types of habitat according to vegetation type and human interference. In addition, 6 line-transects and 30 infrared cameras were used in this study. A total of 2,253 independent images were collected with up to 3,561 camera days during the study period. A total of 143 bird species belonging to 16 orders and 46 families were recorded in this study. Among these species, 18 are second-class national protected species, eight are listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, and 10 are key protected wild animals in Guangdong Province. Pycnonotus jocosus, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Alcippe morrisonia, and Zosterops simplex were the dominant species in forest parks. Accipiter trivirgatus, Pitta nympha, Garrulax canorus, and Lophura nycthemera, which are rare and threatened species, were found in the forest park. Based on the residential habitats of these species, the dominant 80 species (proportion:55.94％) were in the Oriental biogeographical realm. The widespread species and the Palaearctic species had 32 (proportion: 22.38%) and 31 species (proportion: 21.68%), respectively. Ninety species of resident birds were dominant among all types of birds in the forest park. The main ecological type, with 132 species, was forest birds. In terms of eating types, most birds were insectivorous and omnivorous, with 67 species (proportion: 46.85%) and 46 species (proportion: 32.17%), respectively, suggesting that Maofeng Mountain Forest Park is an important site for forest bird communities. In terms of habitats, we also found that the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and Margalef index of birds were highest in forest habitats and lowest in road habitats. The Pielou evenness index of birds showed no significant differences among the habitats. In terms of seasons, the Shannon-Wiener and Margalef indices of birds were highest in spring and lowest in summer. Nevertheless, the Pielou evenness and Simpson indices of birds were not significantly different among the four seasons. The Pielou evenness index was similar to the Simpson index. Moreover, a general linear mixed model was used for the analysis, which showed that the richness and abundance index of birds were significantly correlated with changes in habitats and seasons. In summary, there were different kinds of habitats, abundant forest bird resources, stable bird community structures, and high bird diversity in Maofeng Mountain Forest Park. Birds with a more stable structure and higher diversity in the forest habitat imply that decreased human interference promotes bird inhabitation. This study provides basic data for biodiversity monitoring and assessment in Maofeng Mountain Forest Park and its surrounding forests.

Background252Cf is a high-intensity isotope neutron source in great demand for scientific research and device development. Currently, it is produced only in high-flux reactors in the United States and Russia, which rely on imports in China for a long time.PurposeThis study aims to analyze key factors of 252Cf production by irradiation based on the preliminary design scheme of a high-flux fast reactor.MethodsFirstly, an irradiation target design was implemented, and the fission deposition energies and energy spectra were calculated for three irradiated target designs using different zirconium hydride and Eu2O3 absorbers. Then, burnup calculations for heavy and light curium targets were performed using a burnup calculation program STEP, which was developed by China Institute of Atomic Energy. The experimental values for 252Cf produced by irradiation in the United States were then compared. Finally, the calculation results were analyzed using the energy spectrum and cross-section.ResultsComparison results between simulation and experiment indicate that 245Cm is the key nuclide affecting the production of 252Cf. Utilizing the hard-energy spectral characteristics of high-flux fast reactors can effectively reduce the fission loss of the target and increase the production of 252Cf.ConclusionsThe calculations and analysis in this study can provide theoretical and technical support for the high-flux fast neutron research reactor irradiation production of 252Cf.

In order to provide valuable information on the current research status of Baijiu brewing microorganisms, a bibliometric method based on the CNKI and the Web of Science core collection database was used to visually analyze 879 Chinese literatures and 349 English literatures in the field from 1992 to 2022. The visualization analysis was conducted from the perspective of annual publication volume, keywords, authors and institutions, etc., to trace the development situation and research hotspots of Baijiu brewing microorganisms. The results showed that research on Baijiu brewing microorganisms has generally been on the rise since 1992, especially in the last five years, with exponential growth and a very promising future. The current research on Baijiu brewing microorganisms mainly focused on the separation and identification of microorganisms, the analysis of microbial community structure, and the influence of microorganisms on fermentation products. The study of microbial community structure had become an important means to analyze the mechanism of Baijiu flavor formation. XU Yan, SUN Baoguo, WU Qun, HUANG Zhiguo, QIU Shuyi and other scholars are major contributors to the research field of Baijiu brewing microorganisms, and the impact and academic value of their scientific achievements are high. In this paper, a quantitative and objective visual analysis is carried out on the research overview and hot areas of Baijiu brewing microorganisms, which can serve as a reference and help for the further research of baijiu brewing microorganisms.

A highly efficient separation method for trace plutonium from high uranium plutonium ratio samples was established by combining two Reillex anion exchange chromatographic columns. The effects of resin type, wash condition, valence state adjustment on plutonium separation were investigated, and the conditions of separation process were determined. When the mass ratio of uranium to plutonium in the feed liquid is 106, after two-stage Reillex column separation, the average yield of plutonium is 99.35% and the decontamination factor of uranium is greater than 107. Using this process, high purity trace 239Pu is separated from irradiated uranium target, and the atomic ratio of (238U+238Pu)/239Pu is (3.60±1.15)×10-5(n=6).

This paper summarized the nursing management of a patient with acute cerebral infarction combined with lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Hemostasis, fluid infusion and transfusion therapy were carried out initially. Nursing staff focused on basic nursing, medication guidance and psychological care during the treatment. Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation, Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing technology including acupoint scrapping, meridian massage, emotional care were carried out to improve patient’s treatment compliance and recovery. (本文总结 1例急性脑梗并发下消化道出血患者的护理经验。首先积极开展止血、补液、输血治疗, 以补充血容量和抗休克。在此基础上开展中西医结合护理, 做好基础护理、用药指导、心理护理, 遵循中医辨证施护原则, 给予穴位刮痧、经络按摩、情志护理等中医护理适宜技术干预, 有效提高患者治疗依从性, 促进患者康复。)

Objective To evaluate the effect of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and collection in healthy pediatric donors. Methods 67 healthy pediatric donors were included in this study.According to the donor/recipient （D/R） body weight ratio （BWR）， they were divided into three groups： D/R BWR2 group （n = 14）. The mobilization， collection effect and adverse reactions of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells were compared among all groups. Results The quantity of mononuclear cells （MNCs） of bone marrow stem cells collected in the D/R BWR2 group （both P < 0.001）. There was no significant difference in the quantity of bone marrow CD34+ cells among three groups （all P > 0.05）. The quantity of MNCs of peripheral blood stem cells in the D/R BWR>2 group was significantly higher than those in the D/R BWR2 group was significantly higher than that in the D/R BWR

Exercise training is effective to improve the quality of life and physical function of patients with chronic heart failure. This paper reviewed the studies on exercise training in rehabilitation of patients with chronic heart failure, in order to provide reference for rehabilitation of patients with chronic heart failure. (运动训练(ET)有助于改善老年慢性心力衰竭患者的生活质量、躯体功能。本研究就国内外慢性心衰患者运动康复研究进展进行综述, 以期为临床制订相关运动护理康复方案提供参考。)

目的/意义人工智能（Artificial Intelligence，AI）技术已在学术和工程应用领域掀起了研究高潮，在地球物理参数和农业气象遥感参数反演方面也表现出了强大的应用潜力。目前大部分AI技术在地学和农学的应用还是“黑箱”，没有物理意义或缺乏可解释性及通用性。为了促进AI在地学和农学的应用和培养交叉学科的人才，本研究提出基于AI耦合物理和统计方法的地球物理参数反演范式理论。方法首先基于物理能量平衡方程进行物理逻辑推理，从理论上构造反演方程组，然后基于物理推导构建泛化的统计方法。通过物理模型模拟获得物理方法的代表性解以及利用多源数据获得统计方法代表性的解作为深度学习的训练和测试数据库，最后利用深度学习进行优化求解。［结果和讨论］判定形成具有通用性和物理可解释的范式条件包括：（1）输入与输出变量（参数）之间必须存在因果关系；（2）输入和输出变量（参数）之间理论上可以构建闭合的方程组（未知数个数少于或等于方程组个数），也就是说输出参数可以被输入参数唯一确定。如果输入参数（变量）和输出参数（变量）之间存在很强的因果关系，则可以直接使用深度学习进行反演。如果输入参数和输出参数之间存在弱相关性，则需要添加先验知识来提高输出参数的反演精度。此外，本研究以农业气象遥感中的关键参数地表温度、发射率、近地表空气温度和大气水汽含量联合反演作为案例对理论进行了证明，分析结果表明本理论是可行的，并且可以辅助优化设计卫星传感器波段组合。结论本理论和判定条件的提出在地球物理参数反演史上具有里程碑意义。

Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves (X-rays and γ-rays) or particles (α, β, or neutrons) with energy greater than 12 eV sufficient to ionize atoms or molecules. Ionizing radiation can directly attack DNA, proteins, lipids and other biological macromolecules in the body, or indirectly damage cells by ionizing water molecules to produce a large number of free radicals, which in turn can cause damage to the human blood system, immune system, reproductive system and nervous system. Radioprotective agents are drugs that can reduce the systemic or local damage of ionizing radiation to the body when applied before or early after irradiation, thus contributing to the recovery of the damage. However, chemically synthesized radioprotective agents have deficiencies such as high research costs and toxic side effects. Therefore, the research and development of radioprotective agents derived from natural products has a promising future. In order to provide a reference for the research and development of new radiation protection agents based on active natural products, this paper introduces the mechanism of ionizing radiation damage to the human body and its hazards, and mainly discusses recent progress in research on the radiation protection effects of active natural products such as polysaccharides, polyphenols and peptides, and presents the problems of current research.

As a new generation of energy storage devices, lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) rationally combine high energy density and high power density, providing an alternative solution for multi-functional electronic equipment and state grid system. However, the dynamic mismatch between the battery-type anode and the capacitor-type cathode seriously limits its development and application. Herein, a high performance LIC simultaneously using carbon materials derived from Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Ferric Sodium Salt (EDTA-Na-Fe) was prepared. By calcination of EDTA-Na-Fe in an inert atmosphere, nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks (NCF) can be obtained which possess a high reversible capacity and excellent rate-capability. Using this NCF as the anode and cathode of the LICs, the hybrid devices with a wide voltage window of 0.5-4.0 V are obtained. The employment of the same materials as the anode and cathode can largely simplify the fabrication process. The energy density of LICs can reach 193.4 Wh·kg-1 at a power density of 225 W·kg-1. This reasonable dynamic matching strategy can be helpful for the application of LICs.

Aiming at the problem of spectrum scarcity faced by Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication, a deep reinforcement learning method is proposed to manage V2X spectrum resources. Firstly, the V2X communication model of a single vehicle to infrastructure link is established. Combined with the constraints such as frequency spectrum subband and transmission power, the optimization problem is constructed to maximize the comprehensive efficiency of V2X communication network. Secondly, considering the non-convexity of the optimization problem, the communication model can be regarded as a Markov decision process. Then, the Dueling-Deep Q Network (Dueling-DQN) algorithm is introduced to obtain the optimal spectrum subband selection and transmission power allocation strategy to maximize the comprehensive efficiency of V2X communication network. Finally, the simulation is carried out on tensorflow software platform to verify the performance of the proposed method. The simulation results show that Dueling-DQN algorithm can obtain higher link performance and V2X communication network efficiency compared with other algorithm.

In order to quickly and comprehensively find out the types and spatial distribution characteristics of the main hidden disasters in Tanhuigou Coal Mine and analyze its potential threat to the coal mine, the methods of on-site inquiry, data access, investigation of surrounding coal mines, rapid scanning of surface unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) visible light+thermal infrared imaging, ground reconnaissance, underground investigation and detection were adopted to conduct all-round sky-ground-underground investigation of the coal mine. The water hazard factors affecting coal mine safety production are found out, including Miaogou surface water, old empty water, roof sandstone water, and poorly sealed drilling holes; the fire factors include 1-2 coal room pillar goaf, residual coal in mine roadway, ground collapse cracks, etc. The disaster-causing factors related to roof/ground pressure mainly include hard roof, roof hanging in room mining area, isolated working face, etc. The potential threats of hidden factors to coal mines are studied and analyzed.

As China enters an ageing society, the number of elderly people is rising sharply, resulting in a continuous increase in the cost and burden of caring for the elderly. Frailty is an important cause of loss of self-care ability and elderly care problems in elderly people, which means that frailty is associated with a decline not only in physiological functions, but in multiple areas as well, such as mental ability and socioeconomic functioning, and is considered an important geriatric syndrome that affects the quality of life of the elderly. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary assessment process or model specifically for elderly patients. As a core tool in geriatric medicine, it uses a multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary approach to assess the physical condition, functional status, mental health and social environment status of the elderly, and accordingly a treatment plan is developed to maintain and improve the functional status of the elderly and enhance their quality of life to the most extent. However, the use of CGA is not entirely consistent in China and abroad. This paper reviews the existing studies on frailty in the elderly, analyses the advantages and shortcomings of CGA used in frail elderly patients, and finds that interventions for frail patients at home and abroad have been valued increasingly. The development of domestic interventional studies on frailty is still in the initial stage, and most of these studies use a design of a randomized controlled trial with a sample of chronic disease inpatients. In contrast, such studies have been widely carried out abroad, in which CGA has been applied to the management of cancer patients and patients in the perioperative period besides chronic disease patients and frail community-dwelling older people. The frailty status in the elderly can be scientifically and comprehensively assessed by the CGA, and based on which targeted interventions can be implemented to prevent or delay the development of frailty, but it is generally time-consuming, and there are many difficulties in the management of the assessment recipients. In the future, it is necessary to advance the clinical application of CGA, or develop a more rapid, comprehensive and authoritative tool based on CGA for frailty assessment in the elderly, so as to provide comprehensive and personalized medical services and health guidance for frail elderly population through standardised assessment.

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically determined, active and orderly cell death in the organism, and it affects the evolution of the organism, maintenance of its homeostasis, and development of several tissues and organs. The abnormal regulation of this process is closely related to various human diseases, including cancer. The identified pathways of PCD include apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, which can be activated when cells are stimulated by various internal and external environmental factors. These pathways can induce cell death or maintain cell survival in kidney cancer cells under the regulation of various signaling molecules, thus affecting tumor progression or therapeutic efficacy. In this paper, the role of these PCD pathways in the development of kidney cancer was reviewed in light of recent research advances to provide new directions for the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of kidney cancer and the development of targeted antitumor drugs.

ObjectiveTo compare the characteristics of adult and juvenile callers at high risk of suicide from psychological assistance hotline， to screen factors influencing the crisis intervention effect， so as to develop specific intervention programs for different age groups on psychological assistance hotline.MethodsFrom January 2021 to June 2021， a total of 2 229 callers at high risk for suicide were recruited from Beijing psychological assistance hotline. The selected individuals were divided into adult group （n=1 344） and juvenile group （n=885）. Callers were interviewed by the hotline operators. Their general information， suicidal ideation， socio-psychological characteristics and chief complaints were recorded and compared between two groups. Before and after hotline crisis interventions， psychological distress， suicidal ideation intensity and hope level of the callers were assessed， and the improvements in the three assessed dimensions were compared between two groups. Then Logistic regression was adopted to compare the crisis intervention effects on three dimensions and their associated factors.ResultsCompared with adult group， juvenile group reported higher rates of family relationship problems， learning problems， history of suicide attempts and fear of assault， with statistically significant differences （χ2=55.604， 24.706， 41.944， 106.527， P

ObjectiveTo investigate the dietary preference and nutritional knowledge needs of the elderly people who dined at meal service sites.MethodsUsing the form of stratified and convenience sampling method with self-designed questionnaire was used， in November 2021， to select 700 elderly people who dine at meal service sites in 7 jurisdictions in Shanghai were selected， and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information.Results91.64% of the elderly surveyed would eat at relatively fixed meal service sites， and the total Dietary Diversity Score （DDS9） was 3.56±1.46. 41.45% of the elderly with diseases preferred unhealthy cooking methods. Only 8.03% of the surveyed seniors said they were unwilling to accept targeted and personalized nutrition tips and reminders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the probability reaching the “understanding” level of “Food Guide Pagoda for Chinese Residents” and “Four Principles Recommended by the Core Dietary Guidelines for the Elderly” was different in the elderly with different education levels. The willingness of the elderly to expect to receive different nutrition tips and reminders was related to whether they cared about the corresponding contents. There was a statistically significant difference （P

The rapid development of the Internet industry and the emergence of new business models have reshaped the spatial structure and spatial relationships of cities.The development of Internet enterprises has profoundly reshaped the established venture capital network by establishing investment departments and expanding the ecosystem in the form of venture capital.As venture capital and the Internet industry are mutually attractive and highly geographically coupled, the analysis of the structure and location of the venture capital network of Internet enterprises has become an important foundation for the development of the regional "new economy".This paper examined the spatial dynamics and location selection mechanism of venture capital activities of Chinese Internet companies by constructing a factor flow network, using spatial analysis, network analysis, and negative binomial regression models.The study demonstrated that venture capital investment in Chinese Internet enterprises has developed rapidly over the past 20 years in three phases: initial development from 2001 to 2012, rapid development from 2013 to 2016, and adjustment development from 2017 to 2019, with Internet venture capital showing the characteristics of cumulative development.Compared with traditional venture capital activities, the location choice of Internet venture capital is more concentrated, with a high concentration in a few major cities in the eastern region of China.The three major regions of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta are the main places of occurrence and association of Internet venture capital activities in China, with a significant tendency of localization of venture capital.The cumulative development of corporate venture capital and the spatial evolution of both investors and financiers have contributed to the formation of a 'core-periphery' structure of the venture capital network.In addition, an assessment of the network density of the cities where the investment and financing occurs showed that the current Internet investment and financing network is still in its developmental stage, and most of the cities are not directly connected, showing a sparse matrix.Three time windows (2012, 2015, and 2017) were selected to analyze the location selection factors of Chinese Internet venture capital in different development periods in terms of enterprise growth environment, investment proximity, and transportation accessibility.The results showed that marketization, policy guidance, investment proximity, and spatial proximity were the main forces shaping the spatial pattern of Internet venture capital activities and had different degrees of influence on the various stages of Internet industry development.This study facilitates an in-depth examination of the spatial distribution characteristics of venture capital activities in the Internet economy and provides a detailed empirical basis for understanding the changes in venture capital investments in Internet enterprises and their locational influences.

The purification effect of coal mine groundwater reservoir on mine water mainly lies in the water-rock coupling between the rock mass and mine water.This paper systematically reviews the research methods of water-rock coupling in coal mine underground reservoirs, and presents the characterization methods of water quality and physicochemical properties of rock samples.It employs static simulation, dynamic leaching, cycle purification simulation and other tests to explore the purification regulation of mine water in coal mine underground reservoir, uses numerical simulation to obtain the selective adsorption trend of ions in the reaction process, and combines Piper three-line diagram, Gibbs model and correlation analysis to reveal the mechanism of water-rock coupling.The purification effect and research progress of suspended solids, specific ions and organic matter in coal mine underground reservoirs are discussed.The paper shows that underground reservoir of coal mine has a certain purification effect on mine water, and the purification effect of specific ions is mainly related to filtration and adsorption.Three research directions of coal mine underground reservoir purification technology in the future are proposed: ①developing large-scale and low-cost treatment technologies for underground mine water based on water-rock coupling purification, ②developing a "three-in-one" water quality control technology for coal mine underground reservoirs coupled with multiple water treatment technologies, and ③exploring the underground storage and resource utilization technology of concentrated salt wastewater for the future studies of water-rock coupling.

This paper summarized the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing of pressure injuries in a patient with stroke. Based on the principles of wound bed preparation, wound management combined with traditional Chinese medicine interventions by syndrome differentiation were carried out. Moxibustion, Chinese herbal medicine collapse stains and other techniques were performed to improve the wound healing and relieve the pain. (本文总结了1例中风后患者压力性损伤的中西医结合护理体会。基于伤口处理TIME原则处置创面, 同时中医辨证, 采取艾条悬灸、中药塌渍改善局部气血运行, 促进创面愈合, 减轻患者疼痛。)

The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) has followed the Johns Hopkins model of combining education, clinical practice and scientific research. The talents cultivated by this model have deeply internalized the concepts of medical science and actively spread modern obstetrics and gynecology, which helps modern obstetrics and gynecology to take roots in China and facilitates their professionalization and institutionalization. This study collected archives, letters, memoirs, newspapers and other materials to investigate the educational, clinical and scientific research work of Obstetrics and Gynecology of PUMC, and on this basis, to explore the characteristics and influence of Obstetrics and Gynecology of PUMC, with the hope of enriching the research of the history of obstetrics and gynecology in China.

BackgroundWith the development of human aerospace industry, it is necessary to develop propulsion systems suitable for different space mission scenarios. MegnetoPlasmaDynamic thruster (MPDT), which is similar to the principle of magnetic confinement fusion, is a typical representative of electromagnetic thruster, which stands out among many electric thrusters because of its superior performance in thrust power ratio and specific impulse. Anode power deposition is the result of the interaction between plasma and wall during MPDT operation. It is one of the main mechanisms of power loss of this type of thruster, accounting for 40%~90% of the total power, which seriously reduces the efficiency of thruster.PurposeThis study aims to solve the problem of low efficiency of thruster by investigating the influence of anode radius on the efficiency of thruster from the perspective of anode power deposition.MethodsFirst of all, based on MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) equations, numerical models for radial discharge parameters and physical model for anode power deposition were established. Then, the influences of anode radius on discharge parameters, anode power deposition and anode power deposition fraction were studied on the basis of these models by numerical calculation method. Finally, a water-cooled structure anode was designed, and the effectiveness of its heat dissipation structure was verified by thermal simulation.ResultsThe results show that with the increase of anode radius, the electron density and ion velocity are increased, the anode power deposition fraction is decreased whilst the anode power deposition is increased. The thruster efficiency is improved by increasing the anode radius. The thermal simulation results show that when the input power deposition of the water-cooled structure anode is about 3 kW, the corresponding temperature difference of the anode cooling water is 5 K.ConclusionsThis study verifies the reliability of the physical model of anode power deposition, indicating that increasing the anode radius is an effective means to improve the efficiency of the thruster.

Objective: This study aimed to discover a green, fast curing method for the domestic refrigerator freezer. Methods: Under the control of low-temperature condition, different frequency combination of ultrasonic assisted curing beef was used to study its effect on beef quality. Results: Compared with low-temperature static curing, simultaneous ultrasonic 22+40 kHz (SIU 22+40 kHz) had the best curing effect, and the salt content (0.327 4%) was increased by 74.15% (P＜0.05), with the cooking loss (34.933%) reduced by 11.45% (P＜0.05). The hardness (293.545 N) was reduced by 18.39% (P＜0.05), and the resilience (1.436N/mm2) was reduced by 17.54% (P＜0.05), with the chewiness (2 209.964 N/mm) reduced by 20.12% (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Under the low temperature condition of 2~6 ℃, ultrasonic-assisted low temperature salting can effectively increase the salt content, reduce the cooking loss, improve the tenderness, and better maintain the color quality of beef. The curing effect of sequential ultrasonic (SEU) and synchronous ultrasonic (SIU) assisted low temperature curing was better than that of single frequency ultrasonic (MU) assisted low temperature curing. The curing effect of sequential ultrasonic (SEU) and simultaneous ultrasonic (SIU) assisted low-temperature curing was better than that of mono-frequency ultrasonic (MU) assisted low-temperature curing.

【Objective】 Improving irrigation water use efficiency is important in developing sustainable agriculture. Taking paddy field as an example, this paper investigates how to achieve this goal via irrigation optimization. 【Method】 The study is based on changes in water and fertilizers measured in 2017—2018 from fields under four different irrigation methods: frequent-shallow irrigation (FSI), wet-shallow irrigation (WSI), controlled irrigation (COI), rain-catching and controlled irrigation (RCI). For each irrigation, we calculate its impact on drainage, grey water footprint (GWF), and water use efficiency combined with grey water footprint (WF). 【Result】 Drainage from different treatment ranged from 387.6 to 593.7 mm, with RCI and COI draining the least and highest water, respectively. The annual average GWF of FSI, WSI, COI and RCI is 386.3, 420.6, 431.2 and 273.1 mm, respectively. The percentage of blue, green, and gray water in all treatments is in the range of 6.0%~24.0%, 31.8%~58.0%, 37.0%~54.0%, respectively, with the RCI giving the greatest green footprint and least blue print. 【Conclusion】 Comparing traditional method and the proposed WF framework reveals that it is crucial to considering both drainage and GWF in evaluating water use efficiency of the paddy fields. For the four irrigation methods we compare, RCI is most efficient for paddy fields in the region we studied.