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Bacterial overproliferation and virulence factors in plaque biofilms can cause inflammation of soft and hard tissues around the implant, resulting in peri-implantitis. If not well controlled, severe peri-implantitis can lead to failure of implant osseointegration and implant loosening and loss. Currently, peri-implantitis can be treated by surgical and non-surgical treatment such as mechanical debridement and chemotherapy, but there remain problems related to the unpredictable therapeutic effect and high recurrence rate. Therefore, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between plaque biofilm formation and peri-implantitis is crucial for the prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis. In this article, we comprehensively review current research on the specific composition and formation process of biofilms and the influence of implant material characteristics on biofilm formation. The results of the research review indicated that peri-implantitis biofilms are composed of extracellular matrix, with a predominant population of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria embedded within. The formation process includes the acquisition of an acquired membrane, microbial adhesion, and biofilm detachment and dispersion. Biofilm formation is primarily influenced by the implant surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE), and material properties. Current strategies for biofilm removal around implants mainly involve implant surface coating techniques, mechanical debridement, chemical agents, laser therapy, and photodynamic therapy; however, the therapeutic outcomes remain uncertain. The future research direction will be based on the characteristics of the plaque biofilm around the implant, combined with cutting-edge methods, such as nanotechnology, immunotherapy, and gene therapy, to continuously prevent the formation of plaque biofilm on the surface of the implant to prevent and treat peri-implantitis.

A proportional plus derivative (PD) adaptive tracking control strategy based on neural sliding mode is proposed for the interference of unknown factors in the mathematical model of four-wheel omnidirectional robots. Firstly, the dynamics model of the robot is analyzed. Secondly, the backstepping trajectory tracking controller is used to obtain the virtual velocity, and the PD controller is designed based on the error between the virtual input and the actual input. Then, the neural network is used to approximate the uncertainty in the dynamics model, and the stability of the system is proved by the Lyapunov theorem. Simulation and experimental results show that the control strategy is effective.

Probiotic fermented milk is an important carrier of probiotics. It enhances the nutritional and health properties of fermented milk by improving the balance of host intestinal microflora and promoting the metabolism of beneficial ingredients. This review expounds the auxiliary effects of probiotics fermented milk in improving intestinal function, regulating body immunity, assisting in treating metabolic diseases and improving mental system diseases, etc., in order to provide theoretical support for expanding the application of probiotics fermented milk.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induced by high glucose. Methods The viability of neutrophils treated with TMP of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L for 4 h was measured by CCK-8 assay. Neutrophils were divided into Control group (1.5 g/L glucose), TMP group (40 μmol/L TMP), HG group (4.5 g/L glucose), HG+TMP group (40 μmol/L TMP+4.5 g/L glucose), HG+TMP+ML385 group (4.5 g/L glucose+40 μmol/L TMP+10 μmol/L ML385), HG+ML385 group (4.5 g/L glucose+10 μmol/L ML385) and HG+DPI group (4.5 g/L glucose+10 μmol/L DPI). The structure of NETs was observed with immunofluorescence assay. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide anions were detected using dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay and dihydroethidine (DHE) method. MPO-DNA and dsDNA in the culture medium was measured with ELISA and Pico-Green kit, respectively. Western blotting was used to detect the intracellular expression of H3-cit, NRF2, HO-1, and NOX2 proteins. Results TMP of 80 μmol/L had significant effect on neutrophil (P < 0.01), but no such effects were seen in TMP at other doses viability. Compared with the Control group, the expression levels of NRF2 and HO-1 were increased significantly in TMP group (P < 0.01), while that of H3-cit was obviously decreased after TMP treatment (P < 0.05), and the contents of dsDNA and MPO-DNA in the medium were decreased notably (P < 0.01). NETs formation was not observed by immunofluorescence assay in the HG+TMP group. The productions of ROS and superoxide anions in the HG+TMP group were significantly lower than those produced in the HG group (P < 0.01). The effects of TMP on the expression of H3-cit, NRF2, and HO-1 were reversed after treatment with NRF2 inhibitor ML385. Compared with the HG+TMP group, the contents of dsDNA and MPO-DNA were increased significantly (P < 0.01), and the contents of intracellular ROS and superoxide anions were elevated remarkably in HG+TMP+ML385 group (P < 0.01). Conclusion TMP can activate the NRF2/HO-1 pathway and then suppress the production of ROS, and thus inhibit the NETs formation induced by high glucose.

Objective To study the change of serum bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-4 during the development of sepsis and its mechanisms. Methods Blood was collected for quantifying serum BMP-2 and BMP-4 from patients with sepsis (sepsis group), patients without sepsis (non-sepsis group) in 24 hours of ICU admission and from healthy volunteers (control group). Concentration of serum BMP-2 and BMP-4 was determined by ELISA. The expression of BMP-2, pSmad1/5, and BMPRⅡ of lip polysaccharide (LPS)-treated rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (RPMECs) was detected by Western blot. Results Serum BMP-2 and BMP-4 were significantly increased in sepsis group (P＜0.05) and the level of BMP-2 was significantly higher in sepsis group than that in non-sepsis group (P＜0.05). BMP-2 was found to be a marker for differential diagnosis of separating sepsis LPS may significantly increase the expression of BMP-2 of RPMECs but decrease the expression of phosphorylated Smad1/5 (pSmad1/5) and BMP receptor Ⅱ (BMPRⅡ) (P＜0.05). Conclusions BMP-2 is a potential diagnostic marker and act as apro-inflammatory factor in early phase of sepsis.

The nano/micro LiFePO4/C composite was prepared by a wet milling-spray drying-carbothermal reduction process. The structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron scanning microscope(SEM), electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry,AC impedance testing with galvanostatic charge-discharge method to investigate the influence under different spray drying conditions. The results show that the morpholoyy and electrochemical performance are significantly influenced by slurry concentration, inlet temperature and feed rate, while are mildly influenced by nozzle diameter. The morphology of the obtained sample is transformed from bowl-like mesoporous structure to spheres with the decrease of the slurry concentration. With a slurry concentration of 200g/L, an inlet temperature of 200℃, a feed rate of 1.3L/h and a spray nozzle diameter of 0.5mm, the obtained sample has the best electrochemical properties. Under that condition, the discharge capacities at 0.5C and 10C under room-temperature are 160mAh·g-1 and 123mAh·g-1, respectively, and no obvious capacity fading is observed after 100 cycles.

The calculation of characteristic frequency of rolling bearing fault is the important theory basis for rolling bearing fault diagnosis and condition monitoring all the time. Through the experiments,discovering that the experimental results are fail to agree with the theoretical calculation value,the experimental data is not repeatable,the characteristic frequencies aren’t diploid related to each other,that is exist with the interharmonic frequency doubling error,and so on. Then,the root cause of errors of experiment results change characteristic frequency and interharmonic frequency doubling are analyzed and the methods of improving errors theoretically are discussed under the above basic study,a theoretical basis for rolling bearing fault diagnosis and improving method is provided.

In order to solve problems of high cost and difficult maintenance caused by logistics management system and personnel positioning system of coal mine running independently, a way of integrating and unifying the two systems was proposed. A mine logistics management and personnel positioning system was designed by use of radio frequency identification and Microsoft SQL Server 2008. A design scheme of system database was focused on in stages of demand analysis and logical structure design. Mapping relationship of database table of main processes was given. The database has simple and clear logic structure as well as good storage structure, data sharing and data consistency. Application shows that the database has high practicability and reliability.

Objective To investigate the effects of high-altitude environment on cognitive function and ultrastructure in CA1 region of the hippocampus of Wistar rats in sleep deprivation (SD). Methods SD was induced in Wistar rats by employing "flower pot" technique. Sixty-four rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: Lanzhou group (at an altitude of 1520 m) and Kekexili group (at an altitude of 4767 m), and each group was further divided into 4 subgroups according to the time of SD (0, 1, 3 and 5 d). The behaviors of rats were studied by Morris water maze test at given time points. The ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results 1) Compared with Lanzhou group, rat behavior of Kekexili group presented excitement-irritation-suppression changes with the extension of SD time, but the extent was weakened gradually, and time of sleepiness increased obviously. 2) Compared with Lanzhou group, neurons in CA1 region of hippocampus showed enlarged cell body, disappeared nuclear membrane, shrunken nuclei and decreased organelle. End-feet of glia cells sticking to capillaries swelled and ruptured, and the typical synaptic structure disappeared. 3) Morris water maze test: as compared with Lanzhou group, the escape latency of Kekexili group prolonged (P < 0.05, for all), the ability of distance exploration increased (P < 0.05, for all), and the times across plot decreased (P < 0.05, for all) in 1, 3 and 5 d of SD. Conclusions High-altitude environment may significantly influence the cognitive function of rats in SD, and there was close correlation between the cognitive disorders and the changes in the ultrastructure of hippocampal CA1 region. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.04.012

In Argentina's Mendoza River Basin (33° S), glaciers provide an essential supply of freshwater. They act as sensitive climate change indicators and are crucial for comprehending and evaluating changes in local and global climate. Based on Landsat remote sensing imagery from 1990 to 2020, this study aims to understand the distribution and changing patterns of glaciers in the Mendoza Basin and their influence on regional water supplies and ecosystems. It makes use of ratio threshold algorithms and manual interpretation to get glacier boundary data from seven different eras, using the Argentine National Glacier Inventory and the RGI glacier catalog. Furthermore, by integrating climate data from TerraClimate, the study examined the influence of regional climate change on glacier fluctuations and demonstrated the trajectory of climate change in this area during the study period. The findings show that: (1) The Mendoza Basin's glacier area was 134.09± 11.86 km² in 2020. The glacier area decreased considerably (p<0.01) between 1990 and 2020, totaling 86.87±21.30 km² (39.31±10.14%). The greatest rate of retreat was recorded between 2010 and 2020. (2) The majority of glaciers are more than 10 km², while the least common are less than 0.1 km². The biggest glaciers are melting the quickest. The majority of the glaciers are found on the southern slopes, with the northwest slopes having the fewest and the southeast and northeast slopes seeing the quickest rate of retreat. Their range of slopes is mostly 5° to 40°, with 50° to 55° being the quickest of retreat. With the greatest retreat rates below 4000 meters, the bulk are located at elevations between 4 200 and 5 400 meters. (3) The Mendoza region has seen a considerable increase in temperature since the late 1950s (p<0.001), with an average decadal rise in maximum and minimum temperatures of 0.53 °C and 0.29 °C, respectively. In the Mendoza Basin, glacier retreat is mostly caused by long-term increases in temperature; short-term factors include variations in precipitation. This research offers a guide for mitigating the effects of glacier fluctuations on the Mendoza Basin's water resource availability and geological calamities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the utilization rate of wood and solve the shortcomings of low density, low strength, and easy shrinkage deformation of artificial fast-growing forest. In this study, the artificial fast-growing poplar was taken as the research object, and the unique mineral hexagonal stone in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was used as the modified material. The hexagonal stone was impregnated into the wood by vacuum pressurized impregnation modification technology, and then the properties of modified wood were tested and characterized. The results showed that the optimum impregnation times of poplar wood modified by hexacyclic stone were 8 times. The single impregnation process was vacuum impregnation for 120 min, atmospheric pressure impregnation for 5 min, and then absolutely dried. The average weight gain rate and liquid absorption rate of the modified wood were 15.33% and 146.37%, respectively. The air-dry density and total dry density of the modified wood were 23.25% and 21.95% higher than those of the raw materials, which provided new ideas for the preparation and utilization of modified wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the method combining experiments and numerical simulations, the dynamic behavior of explosion bubbles for the cylindrical charges with different length-diameter ratios (L/D) under fixed square plates was studied. Explosion tests of TNT explosives with the mass of 2.5g and L/D of 1:1 and 2:1 under a fixed square plate was carried out, and the evolution of explosive bubbles was recorded by the high-speed camera. ABAQUS software was used to numerically simulate the underwater explosion bubble evolution process of cylindrical charges with L/D of 5:1, 10:1, and 20:1 under vertical and horizontal settings. The results show that there is no obvious difference between the explosion of 2.5g TNT explosives with a L/D of 1:1 and 2:1 under the board. When the explosives are placed vertically, the difference in the initial shape of the explosion bubble caused by different L/D of the explosives will be quickly eliminated during the evolution of the bubble. Moreover, the L/D and the starting position have effects on the water jet. When the explosives are placed horizontally, the symmetry of the bubble and the shape of the water jet will be affected by the location of the initiation point. To be specific, for the detonation from the end face, there is a slight asymmetry in the process of the bubble expansion, and the jet is offset in the direction of the starting point. Moreover, the larger the L/D of the explosives, the wider the water jet in the explosion bubble, and the smaller the load of the water jet. For the detonation from the center, the explosive bubble forms a vertical water jet without offset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to address the issues of poor quality of individual silage made from high-moisture Desmodium intortum and waste resources of pineapple leaves, by exploring the effect of mixed silage of different proportion of pineapple leaves and Desmodium intortum on fermentation quality. The mixing ratios included: 100% Desmodium intortum (CK group), 90% Desmodium intortum and 10% pineapple leaves (10% PL group), 85% Desmodium intortum and 15% pineapple leaves (15% PL group), 80% Desmodium intortum and 20% pineapple leaves (20% PL group), and 75% Desmodium intortum and 25% pineapple leaves (25% PL group). The fermentation quality of silage was analyzed after 60 d. The results showed that the content of WSC and LA in silage were significantly increased with the increase of pineapple leaf proportion (P<0.05). Compared with CK group, the pH value and NH3-N content of silage in all treatment groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), the crude protein loss rate was reduced, and the production of BA was eliminated. The study indicates that it is more suitable to add about 20% of pineapple leaves and Desmodium intortum mixed silage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great significance to clarify the effects of cultivars and soil factors on wheat manganese nutrition for optimizing wheat manganese nutrition and achieving high yield and high-quality wheat production. From 2016 to 2020, a field experiment was carried out at 38 test sites in 13 provinces in three wheat production regions: Northwest dry-farming wheat area (DW), Huanghuai wheat-maize rotation area (WM), and Southern rice-wheat rotation area (RW). Wheat yield, yield components, grain Mn concentration, soil available manganese, pH value, and other indicators were tested. Results showed that, wheat yield was in the following order: WM > RW > DW, with the average value of 8.1, 5.9, and 5.9 t hm-2, respectively. Mn concentration in wheat grains was in the following order: RW > DW > WM, with the average value of 46.9, 45.4, and 41.4 mg kg-1, respectively. In different wheat production regions, the relationships of grain Mn concentration with the dry matter accumulation distribution, yield components, Mn uptake, and the utilization of wheat cultivars were different. The correlation of grain Mn concentration was significantly negative with the yield, biomass, and harvest index of wheat cultivars in DW, and was significantly negative with yield and harvest index in WM, but not significant in RW. There was a significant negative correlation between wheat grain Mn content and soil pH value, available Cu, and the total N, but not significant correlation between wheat grain Mn content and soil available Mn. Grain Mn concentration was positively correlated with spike number, but significantly negative with 1000-grain weight in RW. Grain Mn concentration was positively correlated with Mn uptake in shoots and Mn uptake in grains in WM and RW, and only positively correlated with Mn uptake in grains in DW, while its correlation with Mn harvest index was significantly negative in RW but positive in DW and WM. The main soil factors affecting wheat grain Mn concentration included soil total nitrogen, pH value, available Fe, available Mn, and available Cu. In WM, the grain Mn concentration was significantly positively correlated with soil available Fe, available Cu and Mn, but negatively correlated with soil pH. In RW, grain Mn concentration was significantly and negatively correlated with soil pH value, available Cu, and the total nitrogen, but not correlated with soil available Mn. Soil available P and available K were the main factors affecting grain Mn concentration in DW. In conclusion, wheat cultivars in RW of China had higher grain Mn concentration. Lower soil pH value, the total nitrogen, and the higher soil available Fe and Mn were beneficial to the increase of grain Mn concentration, while the effects of soil available Cu on grain Mn concentration varied with wheat regions. The yield had a dilution effect on Mn concentration, and the increase of spike number, grain number per spike, and 1000-grain weight were beneficial to the decrease of Mn content in wheat cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scheduling method based on equipment load balancing rules is proposed to solve the problem of unbalanced load of each observing device in traditional space target monitoring resource scheduling. In this paper, the visibility of space targets is taken as the mathematical basis, STK software package is used to forecast the visibility of tracking arcs of space targets, the equipment load balancing scheduling rules are integrated into the traditional scheduling process, and the observation requirements are respectively 3 laps, 4 laps and 5 laps as the input for experimental simulation. The generated scheduling scheme is presented in the form of Gantt chart. Finally, the constructed evaluation index is used to evaluate the value. The experimental results show that the scheduling rules based on equipment load balancing can well achieve the balance of the working time of each observation equipment, and can realize the tracking and monitoring of more space targets.

In response to the challenges of large-scale integration of distributed photovoltaic （PV） sources into distribution networks， an integration capacity planning method for distributed photovoltaic sources based on generalized Benders decomposition （GBD） is proposed. The approach utilizes a data-driven sequential selection method to determine the optimal sequence of variables in the C-Vine Copula model. In combination with Latin hypercube sampling （LHS） and scenario evaluation indicators， typical load-resource correlation scenarios are constructed. Building upon these generated typical scenarios， the paper has established a photovoltaic source integration planning model based on the GBD. This model comprises a main problem for photovoltaic source planning and a sub-problem for distribution network operation， solved using linear programming and optimal power flow methods， respectively. Case studies are conducted on the grid framework of the IEEE 33-bus system. The results demonstrate that the proposed method for generating typical scenarios reduces resource and load errors by over 50% compared to traditional methods. Moreover， the computational complexity of the planning model is reduced by 11%， and the computation time is shortened by 9% compared to previous approaches.

In order to explore the metabolic process of caffeic acid in vivo, two strains that could metabolize caffeic acid were isolated and screened from human intestinal feces, their strain characteristics were analyzed by cell morphology, 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic tree, and the total number of bacteria and pH changes in the process of caffeic acid metabolism in the two strains were studied, and finally the metabolites were determined by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography to elucidate the caffeic acid metabolism process. The results showed that the two strains were Staphylococcus xylosus strain and Proteus mirabilis strain. The content of caffeic acid metabolized by Staphylococcus xylosus strain decreased from 0.539 mg/mL to 0.087 mg/mL after 6 h and was completely metabolized after 12 h. However, the content of caffeic acid metabolized by Proteus mirabilis strain decreased from 0.543 mg/mL to 0.352 mg/mL after 6 h, and was completely metabolized after 24 h. Caffeic acid inhibited the proliferation of intestinal bacteria, and the ability of Staphylococcus xylosus strain to metabolize caffeic acid was better than that of Proteus mirabilis strain, and the product of caffeic acid metabolized by intestinal bacteria was m-coumaric acid. The results of the study provided a basis for further research on the interaction between caffeic acid and intestinal bacteria.

Wheat is a kind of staple food crop, and an important source for carbohydrates and microelement for human health. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the micronutrient concentration and nutritional status of wheat grain in the major wheat production regions in China, for the purpose of optimizing wheat micronutrient management and maintaining human health. Totally, 1112 wheat and soil samples were collected from 17 major wheat production provinces in China during 2016 to 2020. Microelement concentrations of the samples were determined and nutritional status was evaluated by comparison with the acceptable daily intake value (ADI) according to the human micronutrient intake standard of Chinese Nutrition Society and health risk assessment method of United States Environmental Protection Agency, as well as the dietary habit of Chinese residents. Results showed that the average grain iron (Fe) concentration of wheat in China was 43.8 mg kg-1 when 72.9% of the samples of Fe concentration was under the lower Fe limit of 50 mg kg-1, and all the samples were under the upper limit of 140 mg kg-1. The average grain manganese (Mn) concentration was 43.0 mg kg-1 when only 4.1% of samples were under the lower limit of 22 mg kg-1 and 23.7% of samples were above the upper limit of 50 mg kg-1. The average grain copper (Cu) concentration was 4.6 mg kg-1 when 7.6% of samples were under the lower limit of 3 mg kg-1 and no sample was above the upper limit of 10 mg kg-1. The average grain zinc (Zn) concentration was 31.4 mg kg-1 when 85.8% of samples were under the lower limit of 40 mg kg-1 and only 4.1% was above the upper limit of 50 mg kg-1. The average grain boron (B) concentration was 1.2 mg kg-1 when 29.2% of samples was under the lower limit of 0.8 mg kg-1 and no sample was above the upper limit of 10 mg kg-1. The average grain mo- lybdenum (Mo) concentration was 0.5 mg kg-1 when 18.8% of samples were under the lower limit of 0.2 mg kg-1 and only 0.4% of samples was above the upper limit of 2 mg kg-1 . There were regional variations in the contents of wheat grain micronutrient in major wheat production regions in China, among which the contents of Fe and Zn were generally low in most regions, and the contents of B and Mo were insufficient in some areas, while the content of Mn was high, and the content of Cu was basically in the recommended concentration ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we obtained a stable male sterile mutant abortive pollen 90 (ap90) from the mutant library of Zhonghui 8015 (wild-type, WT), an indica restorer line, induced by Ethyl Methy Sulfone (EMS). Compared to the WT, the ap90 mutant displayed no significant differences in plant height, plant type, tiller number, heading date and other agronomic traits, but the anthers were thinner, light creamy yellow and pollen grains were completely abortive. Semi-thin sections observation of anther development at different stages showed that the ap90 mutant carried an abnormal development process of anther wall cells. Namely, the tapetum cell degradation was obviously abnormal, the microspore cells could not form a normal pollen wall structure during mitosis and the starch filling process was blocked which eventually resulted in the degradation of microspores into threadlets and failure of anther dehiscence. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations of the anther surface and pollen exine suggested that the anther epidermis of mutant ap90 were shrunk and covered by more compactly arranged cuticles. The shape of Ubisch distributed on the inner surface of anther locule were irregular, closely arranged and disordered. The pollen grains were shriveled and the sporopollenin on the pollen exine were abnormally arranged. Genetic analysis showed that the ap90 phenotype was controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear genes. Gene preliminary mapping located the mutation site into a 491.73 kb interval between RM21421 and RM21435 on the long arm of rice chromosome 7. Further Mut-Map sequencing analysis confirmed that there was a 37 bp deletion and a following single base substitution in the second exon region of LOC_Os07g22850 in the ap90 mutant, which resulted in the shifted coding sequence, prematurely terminated transcription and translation, leading to the entire abortive pollen and sterile spikelet in the ap90 mutant. Expression pattern analysis results demonstrated that the OSAP90 gene was specifically expressed in anthers and the OsAP90 protein was mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The qPCR results suggested that the relative expression level of many male sterility-related genes in the ap90 mutant was affected by the mutation site, which further proved that 0sAP90 played an important role during the formation of Ubisch and pollen wall in rice anther development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the failure modes and damage mechanism of the concrete filled steel tubular latticed planar wind turbine tower with split spherical joints under earthquakes, the low cyclic loading tests were carried out on the two plane towers with web wall thickness as parameters, and their hysteresis curves and skeleton curves were analyzed. At the same time, it is verified via ABAQUS finite element simulation, and based on this analysis, the parameter expansion analysis of the web diameter ratio was carried out. The results indicate that the failure characteristics of the tower include three types: weld tear failure, web member buckling failure and web member high-strength bolt pull-out failure; to increase the thickness of the web member can make the hysteresis curve of the tower fuller and the energy dissipation capacity stronger effectively. The ultimate bearing capacity and ductility coefficient of the tower are positively correlated with the diameter ratio of web members. When the diameter ratio of web members was greater than 0.13, the increase in ultimate bearing capacity and ductility coefficient reduced obviously. In order to maximize the overall mechanical performance of the tower and improve the economy, in practical engineering applications, the diameter ratio of the web member of such towers should be taken as the range of 0.11~0.13.

Objectives·To investigate the personality traits of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and compare the differences of personality traits among different subtypes of AN. Methods·A total of 164 patients with AN treated in the Clinical Psychosomatic Ward and Psychological Counseling Clinic of Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2013 to July 2018 were selected and 124 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition), AN was divided into restricting type AN (AN-R), binge-purging type AN (AN-BP) and atypical AN. In AN group, 76 cases were AN-R, 81 cases were AN-BP, and 7 cases were atypical AN. The severity of pathological psychological symptoms of AN patients was evaluated by Eating Disorder Examination-questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0), and the personality traits of perfectionism, impulsivity and self-esteem of AN patients were evaluated by Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Psychological Scale (FMPS), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11th Version (BIS-11) and Self-esteem Scale (SES). Independent sample t test and variance analysis were used to compare the differences between AN-R group and AN-BP group and differences between the AN group and HC group, and correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between personality traits and AN clinical symptom. Results·The total FMPS score of the AN group was significantly higher than that of the HC group (P=0.044), and the total score of SES was significantly lower than that of the HC group (P=0.000). The total score of FMPS, non-adaptive dimension score, BIS-11 total score, attentional impulse score, motor impulse score, and unplanned impulse score in the AN-BP group were significantly higher than those in the AN-R group (all P<0.05). Compared with the AN-R group, AN-BP group had significantly lower organization (adaptive dimension) score and SES total score (all P<0.05). The severity of clinical symptoms of AN (EDE-Q 6.0 total score and subscale scores) was positively correlated with perfectionism (FMPS total score) and impulsivity (BIS-11 total score), and negatively correlated with self-esteem (SES total score) (all P=0.000). Conclusion·Patients with AN have perfectionism and low self-esteem. The patients with AN-BP have more perfectionism, high impulsivity and low self-esteem, while the patients with AN-R show low impulsivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in podocyte injury and validate the expression of METTL10, one of these critical genes. Methods. The microarray expression profile of a podocyte injury model, dataset GSE108629, was downloaded from the GEO database, containing 4 normal podocyte samples and 4 injured podocyte samples, and the DEGs were diagnosed using the limma software package and affy software package (|log FC/ ≥ 2 and adjusted P value<0.05). Patients with significant proteinuria who underwent renal biopsy and were diagnosed as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease were retrospectively enrolled. Control group was patients who underwent renal biopsy and were proven as slight pathological changes or benign arteriolar neophrosclerosis. The general and clinical data were collected, and the expression of METTL10 in renal tissue was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Adriamycin (ADR) -induced nephropathy mouse model was established by a single intravenous injection of ADR into BAL/BC mouse. Mice were randomly divided into two groups: control group (treated with the same volume of PBS) and ADR group (treated with ADR 10 mg/kg body weight). On Day 0 and Day 14, urine was collected for 24 h using a metabolic cage and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) of mice were detected; on Day 15, mice were sacrificed and kidney tissue was collected. The expression of METTL10 and podocyte marker proteins like synaptopodin, nephrin, podocin, and Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) in kidneys from ADR-treated mouse model was analyzed by Western blotting. Results•A total of 5 353 genes were significantly differentially expressed in injured podocytes compared with intact podocytes, among which 3 402 DEGs were up-regulated and 1 951 DEGs were down-regulated. METTL10 was found to be one of those that overe significantly down-regulated. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that METTL10 was expressed in normal human glomeruli and METTL10 was colocalized with podocalyxin, one of podocyte specific markers. Additionally, METTL10 was low expressed in the renal biopsy specimens from patients with significant proteinuria compared with that in the control group. On Day 14 after administration of ADR, mice developed significant proteinuria, shown by UACR detection (P=0.005); Western blotting revealed that METTL10 was significantly down-regulated (P=0.001), along with the significantly decreased expression of synaptopodin (P=0.001), nephrin (P=0.005), podocin (P=0.000) and WT1 (P=0.006) in ADR-treated mice compared with that in normal mice. The differences of the expression of METTL10 and the above podocyte markers between these two groups were statistically significant. Conclusion•The down-regulation of METTL10 may be involved in podocyte injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface of the glass fiber has been modified by impregnation process, and the glass fiber reinforced nylon 6 composites has been prepared. The effect of the mass fraction of cyanoethyltriethoxysilane in the glass fiber impregnating solution on the mechanical properties of composites is studied, and it is compared with γ - aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH 550) and γ - (2,3 - epoxy propoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (KH 560). The results show that as the mass fraction of cyanoethyltriethoxysilane increases in the glass fiber impregnation solution, the mass loss rate of the treated glass fiber and the mechanical properties of the composites first increase and then decrease. The preferred cyanoethyltriethoxysilane has mass fraction of 1. 0% in the impregnation solution, and the treated glass fiber has 3% the mass loss rate, the cyanoethyltriethoxysilane on the glass fiber has a better grafting rate. The notched impact strength, tensile strength and flexural modulus of the composites reach the maximum value, 4.4 MPa, 78.9 MPa and 3 580 MPa respectively. Compare to those prepared with unmodified glass fiber, its ratios increases by 57.14%, 17.01% and 5.89% respectively. On improving the impact strength of composites, cyanoethyltriethoxysilane has the same effect as KH 550, and both are better than KH 560. On improving the tensile strength and flexural modulus of the composites, cyanoethyltriethoxysilane is better than KH 550. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in elderly over 60 years old of Mianyang, Sichuan, and we provide reference for the prevention and control strategies of elderly PTB. Methods Descriptive statistic was applied to analyze on the epidemiological characteristics of PTB in elderly in Mianyang from 2013 to 2019. Results The average annual registration rate of elderly active tuberculosis(91.00105) in Mianyang was higher than that of the whole population(68.77105) from 2013 to 2019, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=375.71, P <0.01). The average annual registration rate of etiological positive PTB was higher in the elderly(29.74105) than in the whole population(18.99105), the difference was statistically significant (χ²=306.61, P<0.01). In the past 7 years, the incidence rates of PTB in the elderly was in decreasing year by year (χ²trend=175.33, P<0.01). The etiological positive PTB were in decreasing year by year (χ²trend=11.11, P<0.01). The proportion of active TB registered in the elderly people in total number of active TB cases which was increasing year by year (χ²trend=96.94, P<0.01). The case number in the elderly aged 60-<65 years was highest and the average annual incidence was highest. The proportion of retreated patients in elderly patients was higher than that of other age groups (χ²=44.39, P<0.01) . The proportion of diagnosis severe cases in elderly patients was higher than that of other age groups <60 years (χ²=14.77, P<0.001). Conclusion The registered incidence of active PTB in the elderly were in decrease, and the registered incidence of etiological positive PTB in the elderly were in increase in Mianyang, but the proportion of elderly PTB patients was still high. The epidemic situation of prevention and control of PTB in the elderly is still serious. In order to find the PTB patients as soon as possible and reduce the spread of tuberculosis to the most extent, it is suggested that the prevention and treatment of PTB in Mianyang should be strengthened in the elderly people, and to improve people's awareness of the prevention and treatment of PTB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To investigate the correlations of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with lupus nephritis (LN) and their predictive values in disease activity of LN. Methods·This was a cross-sectional study. From January 2018 to December 2018, 40 patients who underwent kidney biopsy and was diagnosed as having LN and 68 healthy controls in Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were included. Clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters were collected and serum sIL-2R and TNF-α were measured. Serum sIL-2R and TNF-α were compared between the LN group and the control group. The correlations of sIL-2R and TNF-α with laboratory parameters of LN were evaluated by Spearman analysis. Further, the LN patients were divided into the active group and the non-active group. The predictive values of sIL-2R and TNF- α were evaluated by Logistic analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results·Serum sIL-2R and TNF- α levels were significantly higher in the LN group than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between sIL-2R and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K), 24 hours urine total protein (24h-UTP), anti-double stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA), serum creatinine and high sensitive C-reactive protein (h-CRP) (all P<0.05), while a negative correlation was found between sIL-2R and C3 (P=0.002). Meanwhile, TNF-α positively correlated with SLEDAI-2K, 24h-UTP, serum creatinine and h-CRP, whereas no significant correlation was found between TNF-α and anti-dsDNA or C3. 24h-UTP, anti-dsDNA, serum creatinine, sIL-2R and TNF-α were significantly higher (all P<0.05) and C3 was lower in the active group than those in the non-active group of LN (P=0.000). Anti-dsDNA (OR=1.025) and sIL-2R (OR=1.011) were predictive factors of disease activity of LN (all P<0.05) and the area under ROC curve of their combination of prediction was 0.957 (P=0.000). Conclusion·Serum sIL-2R and TNF- α levels increase in LN patients and are correlated with the disease activity of LN. Combining anti-dsDNA and sIL-2R can predict the disease activity of LN effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the effects of soybean oil (SO) replacement by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae oil (BSFLO) on growth performance, plasma biochemical indexes and liver lipid droplets of juvenile yellow catfish (Peltobagrus fulvidraco), BSFLO was used to replace 0 (control diet, T0), 20% (T20), 40% (T40), 60% (T60), 80% (T80) and 100% (T100) of SO in the basal diet, respectively. A total of 840 juvenile yellow catfish with an initial weight of (2.12±0.01) g were randomly divided into 6 groups for a 56-day trial with 4 replicates in each group and 35 per replicate. The results showed that, the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, feeding rate and protein efficiency of juvenile yellow catfish were not affected by BSFLO replacements (P>0.05). There were no significant difference in CF, VSI, HSI and IPF among all the groups (P>0.05). The crude protein, crude fat, total phosphorus as well as water content in whole body were not affected by BSFLO replacement (P>0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein, fat, phosphorus and energy among all the groups were not significantly different (P>0.05), but the apparent digestibility of calcium in the T60 and T80 groups were significantly higher than that in T100 group (P<0.05). Except for HDL cholesterol, other serum biochemical indices were not significantly affected (P>0.05), but HDL cholesterol were significantly higher in T60 and T80 groups than in control group (P<0.05). No significant difference in antioxidant ability was found (P>0.05), and the concentrations of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. The proinflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the BSFLO replacement exceeded 40% were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Oil red O staining showed that the BSFLO had no significant effect on liver fat content (P>0.05). In conclusion, BSFLO can be used to completely replace SO without significantly affecting the growth performance, body indexes, body composition, apparent digestibility of nutrients, antioxidant indexes and liver lipid droplets of juvenile yellow catfish. Based on growth performance, BSFLO can completely replace SO in the diet of juvenile yellow cat fish, when the basic diet contains 4% SO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve consistent high yield of rapeseed, DNA methylation level of Brassica napus under drought stress was studied by a couple of drought-resistant (T78) and drought-sensitive (T88) rapeseed lines. Their whole genome DNA methylation in both leaves and roots under drought and recovery was investigated by AFSM (amplified-fragment single nucleotide polymorphism and methylation) sequencing technology. Results showed that a total of 22 157 methylation sites (mainly represented by 5mCCGG) were identified and mainly located in the coding region of genes followed by promoter regions. Drought stress induced change of DNA methylation level in the whole genome. The levels were different between 2 lines, and among different tissues. Under drought stress, the methylation level increased significantly in leaves, but not obvious in roots. In contrast, rehydration treatment significantly decreased the genome-wide methylation level in leaves, and caused divergent methylation level in roots between 2 lines. Those genes with differentially methylated sites were mainly involved in photosynthesis, cell composition including thylakoid, ribosome, plastid and nuclear membrane, and transport and transporter activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of early cranioplasty on neurologic and cognitive function in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) after decompression of bone flap. Methods One hundred and six patients with TBI who underwent cranioplasty after decompression of bone flap were selected from January 2016 to December 2019, and were divided into early cranioplasty group (48 cases, 1-3 months after decompression) and conventional cranioplasty group (58 cases, 3-6 months after decompression). Before and 6 months after operation, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Mini - Mental State Examination (MMSE) were utilized, and recorded syndrome of the trephine incidence of 6 months after craniotomy decompression. Results At 6 months after craniotomy decompression, GOS (P = 0.000) and MMSE (P = 0.000) scores of both groups were significantly higher than those before craniotomy decompression, while mRS (P = 0.000) and NIHSS (P = 0.000) scores were significantly lower than those before craniotomy decompression. GOS (P = 0.041) and MMSE (P = 0.040) scores in the early cranioplasty group were significantly higher than those in the conventional cranioplasty group, while mRS (P = 0.021) and NIHSS P = 0.043) scores were significantly lower than those in the conventional cranioplasty group, and the incidence of syndrome of the trephine was also lower than that in the conventional cranioplasty group [18.75% (9/48) vs. 39.66% (23/58); χ² = 5.446, P = 0.020]. Conclusions Early cranioplasty for TBI patients after cranioplasty decompression with bone - removing flap can effectively improve activities of daily living, nerve function and cognitive function, reduce the incidence of syndrome of the trephine, and improve prognosis and long-term quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses great threats to human health. Due to complicated progresses of primary and secondary injuries, patients' conditions are unstable and thus influence the prognosis. Although it requires to monitor TBI patients effectively, current approaches of TBI monitoring are limited so that a comprehensive understanding of disease progression cannot be accessed. This review summarizes the techniques currently applied and techniques in research stage, from macroscopic to microscopic scales. These techniques are potentially to be integrated to establish multimodal monitoring system in the future for providing precise and comprehensive information, which helps to enhance the treatment of TBI patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The back pressure at the outlet of supersonic cyclone separator usually causes aerodynamic shock wave in Laval nozzle, and the interaction of supersonic flow, shock wave and phase transition is very complicated. In order to explore the supersonic flow properties of wet gas under the action of shock wave, study was performed on the methane-water vapor mixtures. Then, a mathematical model for the supersonic condensation and flow of wet natural gas was established. Meanwhile, the effect of the outlet back pressure and inlet pressure on the supersonic condensation property of wet natural gas was analyzed to evaluate the performance of the supersonic cyclone separator under the action of shock waves. The simulation results show that the shock waves can cause the rapid increase in pressure and temperature of water vapor in a short time, leading to the condensed droplets re-evaporate and the liquid mass fraction at outlet reduces sharply. Besides, as the inlet pressure increases, the location of nucleation approaches the throat of Laval nozzle gradually, and the limit nucleation rate and the droplet number decrease accordingly. However, the liquid mass fraction increases due to the increasing of growth rate and sizes of droplets. Moreover, the nozzle loses its function of liquefaction when the back pressure is higher than 25 kPa (i.e., the pressure ratio is higher than 0.58), and then the nozzle cannot operate normally. Therefore, it is necessary to control the reasonable pressure ratio to ensure the dehydration efficiency of the supersonic separator with back pressure.

In order to strengthen the mastery of the water environment quality of key sea areas and protect the marine ecological environment, based on the monitoring results of 24 stations, this paper evaluated the water environment quality of Luanhe estuary-Beidaihe sea area from 2015 to 2019 by integrating the evaluation methods of single factor pollution index method, eutrophication index method and organic pollution evaluation index method. The results showed that the overall water quality in the study area was good. Inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate and chemical oxygen demand exceed the standard in varying degrees, but most stations met the class Ⅰ seawater quality standard. In 2015 and 2018, individual stations at the estuary were in eutrophic state, and other years and stations were in oligotrophic state. Except for individual stations near the shore and estuary, the seawater was not organically polluted, the water quality was in about good or good condition, and there was a trend of continuous development.