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BackgroundClozapine belongs to atypical antipsychotic drugs that has shown significant efficacy in treating schizophrenia. However， clozapine can induce arrhythmias in patients. Currently， there is a lack of systematic research on the types and incidence of clozapine-induced arrhythmias.ObjectiveTo explore the types and incidence of arrhythmias in patients with schizophrenia induced by clozapine through Meta-analysis， so as to provide references for clinical treatment.MethodsOn October 31， 2022， a search was conducted through PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） to collect relevant literature on clozapine-induced arrhythmia in patients with schizophrenia. Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI） was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4.ResultsA total of 12 studies were included， involving 42 490 schizophrenia patients taking clozapine. The incidence of arrhythmias caused by clozapine was 23% （95% CI： 0.16~0.29）. Among them， the incidence of tachycardia was 25% （95% CI： 0.15~0.35）， atrial arrhythmia was 6% （95% CI： -0.02~0.14）， ventricular arrhythmia was 7% （95% CI： -0.02~0.16）， conduction block was 2% （95% CI： 0~0.04）， QTc prolongation was 4% （95% CI： -0.04~0.12） and T-wave changes was 23% （95% CI： 0.16~0.30）.ConclusionSchizophrenia patients taking clozapine may increase their risk of developing arrhythmia， with tachycardia being the most prevalent. ［Funded by Graduate Innovation Fund of Kunming Medical University （number， 2023S302）］

Objective To quantitatively analyze the effects of population aging and other risk factors on the burden of colorectal cancer in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 was used to describe the temporal trend of the burden of colorectal cancer. A decomposition method established by Gupta was applied to quantify the burden related to population growth, aging, age-specific prevalence, and disease severity. Results The age-standardized disability adjusted life years (DALY) rates of colorectal cancer in China showed an overall upward trend from 1990 to 2019. The DALY in 2019 increased by 191.12% compared with that in 1990, with 34.54% of the increase attributed to population growth, 111.36% to population aging, and 77.56% to the rise of age-specific prevalence. Meanwhile, -32.54% benefited from the changes in disease severity. Diet low in milk was the primary risk factor for the disease burden of colorectal cancer in China in 2019, followed by diet low in whole grains and calcium. In the last 30 years, the corresponding risk factor of the most rapid increase in China was high BMI with an average annual percentage of change of 4.14%, and the corresponding risk factor of the most rapid decrease in China was diet low in fiber with an average annual percentage of change of -2.00%. Conclusion Aging population is mainly responsible for the considerable increase in the burden of colorectal cancer in China from 1990 to 2019. The health administrative authorities should take corresponding measures to address the adverse impacts associated with aging.

Magnesium‒scandium (Mg‒Sc) alloys were prepared by powder sintering at 500 ℃ for 2 h and extrusion at 300 ℃ under the inert atmosphere. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg‒Sc alloys were investigated. The results show that, the phase composition of the Mg‒Sc alloys is mainly Mg phase, and no Mg‒Sc phase is detected. Due to the diffusion of Sc element in the Mg matrix during the sintering process, the interfacial combination is significantly improved, and the interface bonding between Mg and Sc particles is increased. The elongation of the sintered Mg‒Sc alloys with the Sc mass fraction of 1.0% is 10.37%, which is increased by 61%. In addition, a large number of dimples are observed at the tensile fracture, indicating that sintering can improve the toughness of the Mg‒Sc alloys.

Objective To investigate the effect of FLI-1 on Klotho-mediated IGF-1R/Gi/PLC pathway on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Methods The cells were divided into 8 groups: control group, model group, model+NC Vector group, model+pcDNA-FLI-1 group, model+NC Vector+NC siRNA group, model+NC Vector+Klotho siRNA group, model+pcDNA-FLI-1+NC siRNA group and model+pcDNA-FLI-1+Klotho siRNA group. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy models were established by treating cells with isoproterenol (ISO), and the latter cells were transfected with pcDNA-FLI-1 and Klotho siRNA, respectively. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; hypertrophic area was detected by phalloidin staining; apoptosis, hypertrophy and expression of IGF-1R/Gi/PLC pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, the ISO group had increased apoptotic rate, cardiomyocyte surface area and IGF-1R, GNAI1 and PLCG1 expression, indicating successful modeling; compared with the model +NC Vector group, the model +pcDNA-FLI-1 group had decreased apoptosis, cardiomyocyte surface area and IGF-1R, GNAI1 and PLCG1 expression. Apoptosis, cardiomyocyte surface area, and IGF-1R, GNAI1 and PLCG1 expression were increased in the model +NC Vector+Klotho siRNA group compared with the model +NC Vector+NC siRNA group; apoptosis, cardiomyocyte surface area, and IGF-1R, GNAI1 and PLCG1 expression were decreased in the model +pcDNA-FLI-1+Klotho siRNA group compared with the model +pcDNA-FLI-1+NC siRNA group. Conclusion FLI-1 can inhibit IGF-1R/Gi/PLC pathway and reduce myocardial apoptosis and myocardial hypertrophy by up-regulating Klotho. [Key words] cardiomyocyte hypertrophy , FLI-1 , Klotho , IGF-1R/Gi/PLC pathway ,cell apoptosis ,

Objective To investigate the predictive value of acoustic cardiographic parameters for post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) early ventricular remodeling (EVR). Methods A total of 102 AMI patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in our hospital during June 2021 and February 2022 were recruited in this study. Electrocardiography, cardiac Doppler ultrasound examination, and acoustic cardiography were performed for all of them. Their biomarkers of cardiac injury and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were detected and recorded. According to the value of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), they were and divided into EVR group (< 50%, n=50) and control group (≥50%, n=52). The baseline data and acoustic cardiographic parameters were compared between the 2 groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the independent predictors for EVR, and the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were conducted to evaluate the predictive performances of these predictive factors. Results Among the acoustic cardiographic parameters, significantly higher electromechanical activation time divided by the cardiac cycle length (EMATc), left ventricular systolic time divided by the cardiac cycle length (LVSTc), fourth heart sound (S4) strength, and systolic dysfunction index (SDI) were observed in the EVR group than the control group (P

Objective To investigate the relationships between the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 4 (TRAF4) and ribosomal S6 protein kinase 4 (RSK4) protein in gastric cancer tissues and the recurrence after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. Methods In total, 176 patients were divided into the recurrence and non-recurrence group, and the expression levels of TRAF4 and RSK4 protein in cancer and adjacent tissues and in gastric cancer tissues in the recurrence and non-recurrence group were compared. The influencing factor of recurrence and the efficacy of TRAF4 and RSK4 protein expression in predicting recurrence were analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of TRAF4 protein in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues (P < 0.05) and that in the recurrence group was higher than that in the non-recurrence group (P < 0.05). The positive expression rate of RSK4 protein in gastric cancer tissues was lower than that in adjacent tissues (P < 0.05) and that in the recurrence group was lower than that in non-recurrence group (P < 0.05). The largest tumor diameter 5 cm, poor differentiation, TNM Ⅲ stage, depth of invasion T3-T4, lymph node metastasis, absence of adjuvant chemotherapy after operation, positive expression of TRAF4 and RSK4 protein, and regular diet w influenced the post-operative recurrence (all P < 0.05). The accuracy of TRAF4 and RSK4 protein in gastric cancer tissues in combined predicting the recurrence was 83.52%. Conclusion The expression of TRAF4 protein is high, and the RSK4 protein is low in gastric cancer tissue, which are related to recurrence.

[Purpose/Significance] The smartness of public culture is one of the important ways to realize the innovation of public cultural service and management mode. The extraction and analysis of the description information of the smartness of public culture is helpful to understand the current situation of intelligent construction, and is of great significance for promoting the better development of intelligent construction of public cultural institutions. [Method/Process] On the basis of reviewing related research on the smartness of public culture, we obtained information on the official website pages of domestic provincial and sub-provincial city libraries and museums through crawlers, and used topic models and cluster analysis methods to conduct intelligent description for analysis. [Results/Conclusions] The thematic modeling results of libraries and museums reflect the similarities of the two types of institutions, such as user-centric, demand-oriented, smart resource construction, and high technical sensitivity. The library related studies pay more attention to "acquisition" and "circulation". The museum related studies pay more attention to "interaction" and "protection". Clustering and visual analysis reflect that libraries have made more achievements in self-service borrowing and returning facilities, smart equipment, etc. The smart construction of museums mainly focuses on digital interaction, smart protection, and smart management.

The thermal transient load of the primary loop nuclear pipeline will cause fatigue damage at sensitive locations.And cumulative fatigue damage factors of these sensitive locations need to be monitored during the life extension of the nuclear power plant,and thermal transient stresses need to be calculated rapidly during online monitoring. Taking the thermal shock of the spray nozzle of pressurizer as an example,the double temperature boundary Green’s function method is discussed. By the volume integration of Green’s function,the transient thermal stress under the heat-up condition is calculated. The accuracy of the two temperature boundary Green’s function is verified by comparing with the direct calculation results of finite element method.Studies have shown that the Green’s function should be established separately for subdivisions which are divided according to the differences of the flow heat transfer boundary（ such as the convection heat transfer coefficient） and the width of the temperature range. While in a certain temperature range,it is feasible to establish the Green’s function based on the average temperature of the temperature range with large enough step temperature.

Objective To establish a model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats, and investigate the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) intervention on liver function and lipid metabolism in model rats and explore its clinical significance. Methods A total of 24 SD rats were selected and a rat NAFLD model was established by high-fat diet feeding. The rats were divided into 4 groups, that is, group A (normal control group, 0.2 mL/d normal saline), group B (NAFLD model group, 0.2 mL/d normal saline gavage), group C (probiotics group, 0.2 mL/d probiotic solution gavage, containing probiotics 2.7×109) and group D (FMT group, 0.2 mL/d fecal bacteria solution, intragastric administration of 2.7×109 fecal bacteria). After 8 weeks of treatment, the survival of the rats was recorded. The body weight, liver function, and changes in serum insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) before and after treatment were compared in the groups. Results There was no death in all the experimental rats. Compared with the model group, FMT induced significantly decrease in the liver index (P < 0.01), improved liver function, and lower plasma ALT and AST levels (P < 0.01). Lipid metabolism disorder was also significantly improved after FMT intervention, including obviously decreased LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO) and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) when compared with the levels in the model group (P < 0.01). Fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance index were also decreased significantly after the intervention (P < 0.01). What's more, serum contents of IL-6 and TNF-α were markedly lower in rats receiving FMT than those in the model group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Human FMT is feasible in rats. It can improve liver function and correct lipid metabolism disorder in NAFLD rats.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Xiaozhong-Zhitong mixture (XZZT) on M2 polarization and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in mouse microglia (BV2 cells). METHODS: The BV2 cells were divided into 5 groups: blank group, model group [lipo-polysaccharide (LPS)+hypoxia], TAK-242 (resatorvid, a TLR4 inhibitor) group (LPS+hypoxia+TAK-242), XZZT group (LPS+hypoxia+XZZT), and TAK-242+XZZT group (LPS+hypoxia+TAK-242+XZZT). Flow cytometry was used to detect early apoptosis and cell cycle of BV2 cells, and immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect the positive expression of Ml-type marker inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and M2-type marker CD206. Western blot was utilized to detect the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins, including TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, phosphorylated p65 (p-p65), phosphorylated transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (p-TAK1), and phosphorylated IκB kinase α/β (p-IKKα/β). RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65. RESULTS: Compared with model group, the rate of early apoptosis was significantly decreased in XZZT group (P<0. 01), the percentage of cells arrested in the S phase was significantly increased (P<0. 01), and the protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, p-IKKα/β, p-p65, and p-TAK1 were significantly decreased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Additionally, IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), while IL-10 mRNA expression was significantly increased (P<0. 05). Compared with TAK-242 group, the average percentage of iNOS positive area was significantly decreased, while CD206 was significantly increased in TAK-242+XZZT group (P<0. 01). CONCLUSION: The XZZT has the effect of inducing M2 polarization of mouse microglia, and the mechanism may be linked to the inhibition of TLR4/ MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of training the innovation and entrepreneurship ability of electronic information talents, there are common problems such as the lack of effective cross-training means, the training mechanism of deep integration of industry and education, the lack of long-term management mode and evaluation mechanism of innovation team, and the lack of effective integration of ideological and political education platform. It has been established five platforms: "Ideological and Political Platform", "Competition Group", "Training camp", "humanoid Robot Innovation Base" and "Young Scholars Forum" by teaching team, which organically integrate courses, graduation designs, major innovation projects, training camps, competitions, social services, and youth scholar forums. The "three-cross, three-integration" mode of collaborative innovation and entrepreneurship training for undergraduate and master's students of electronic information majors in local applied colleges has been built, which includes ideological and political leadership, professional intersect, undergraduate and master's students intersect, Intra-and extra-curricular intersect, industry-learning integration, research competition integration, and competition and teaching integration. Through practice, it has been proven that the collaborative training model of undergraduate and master students has achieved good results in innovation and entrepreneurship education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the classification and changes of macrophage subsets in liver transplant rejection. Methods Rat liver transplantation model were established and divided into immune tolerance group (B-B), where the liver of BN rat donors was transplanted to BN rat recipients, and immune rejection group (L-B), in which the liver of Lewis rat donors was transplanted to BN rat recipients. Single-cell RNA sequencing and highthroughput RNA sequencing were used to distinguish the macrophage subsets of rat liver transplantation, and to find differential gene in rejection reactions. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the changes and distribution of protein expression and cell subsets. Results CD68 positive macrophages were higher in the rejection group than that in the tolerance group (P < 0.05), and macrophages could be divided into 9 subsets. During the rejection reaction, the CXC chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) in the 8th subsets of macrophages was significantly increased, while the gene for white blood cell differentiation antigen 74 (CD74) in the 5th subsets was significantly increased (P < 0.05). CD74 ranked first in the differential gene synthesis of macrophages during rejection, followed by CXCL9. Compared with the tolerance group, a large number of CD74 positive macrophages were observed in the hepatic portal area of the rejection group, and the infiltration of CD74 positive macrophages in the hepatic sinuses was also significantly increased (P < 0.05), while a large number of CXCL9 positive macrophages were observed in the hepatic portal area and hepatic sinuses of the rejection group, especially in the portal area (P < 0.05), and CD14 positive cells were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Conclusions The CD74 positive macrophage subsets and CXCL9 positive macrophage subsets may be key subgroups in promoting liver transplant rejection, improving the mechanism of macrophage action in liver transplant rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the effects of climate warming on soil nematode communities in the alpine meadow of northern Tibet, a 3-year simulated warming experiment was conducted in the alpine meadow plot of Nagqu Ecological Environment Comprehensive Observation and Research Station of Tibet University-Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nagqu County, Tibet. The results showed that warming decreased soil nematode density, increased soil evenness (J'), and changed the spatial distribution and seasonal dynamics of soil nematode communities. At the same time, warming also changed the species composition of soil nematode community. Genera such as Longidorella emerged after warming, while genera such as Nothotylenchus were more sensitive to heat and disappeared after warming. Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H') showed no significant change in biodiversity under simulated warming conditions. Warming resulted in an increase in phytophagous nematode bacteriophagous nematode species, a decrease in omnivorous/predatory nematode species, and no change in fungal nematode species. The change of community structure led to the change of ecosystem function. NCR values showed that warming promoted the degradation channel of soil organic matter dominated by bacteria. The trend of increasing MI value and decreasing PPI indicated that the adaptive ability of soil nematode community was gradually enhanced after the disturbance of warming, and the alpine meadow ecosystem tended to be more stable. The results can provide a reference for exploring the effects of climate change on soil processes in grassland ecosystems of the Tibetan Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IQM genes are important branch of the calmodulin-binding protein family that plays an important role in plant growth, development and stress response. In this study, 23 IQM gene family members were identified in the whole wheat genome using bioinformatics methods, and their chromosomal location, physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, protein conserved structural domains, promoter cis-acting elements and gene expression characteristics were systematically analysed. The results showed that the TaIQM gene family members were randomly distributed on the 18 chromosomes of wheat, and their subcellular localization showed that all genes were located in the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into three subclasses with high similarity in gene structure and protein conserved structural domains among, and presumably similar functions; cis-acting element analysis showed that the promoters of TaIQM gene family members contained a variety of cis-acting elements related to stress, growth and development. Transcriptome analysis showed that the TaIQM gene family members were significantly differentially expressed in roots, stems, leaves, spikes and seeds at different times. qRT-PCR analysis showed that TaIQM genes were up- or down-regulated in response to various stresses such as drought, low and high temperature, NaCl and ABA in the above- and below-ground parts of wheat seedlings. It was tentatively concluded that these genes might be involved in abiotic stress regulatory through the Ca2+ signalling pathway. The results of this study provided clues for a comprehensive analysis of the structure and biological functions of TaIQM genes, the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of chemical analysis, polarizing microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer, the chemical composition, mineral composition, mineral distribution relationship, niobium element distribution and mineral size of aegirine ore in Bayan Obo East Mine were studied. The results show that the main niobium minerals in the ore are pyrochlore, niobite, ilmenorutile, aeschynite, fergusonite and baotite; The distribution rate of niobium in minerals is pyrochlore 46. 89%9 ilmenorutile 11.46% g ergusonite 5.89% aeschynite 4.57% niobite 3.91% and baotite 2.5%; Niobium mineral dissemination particle size is fine; Niobium minerals are closely related to rare earth minerals, iron minerals, aegirine and amphibole gangue minerals. Fine mineral granularity, many kinds of minerals and complex distribution relationship among minerals are the difficult problems in later separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare Piitsburgh sleep quality index ( PSQI) and β-band EEG power changes of the college students who received and did not receive imaginary working training, and to explore the specificity of imaginary working on the sleep quality regulation of the introverted and extroverted personalities. Methods College students were randomly divided into experimental group and control group according to the introverted and extroverted dimension by the ratio of 1 1. The experimental group received the intervention of imaginary working, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups were intervened by three imaginary themes, and the data of Piitsburgh sleep quality index and β-band EEG absolute power were collected and compared between the two groups. Results After intervention, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index was improved. There was statistic difference between the introverted experimental group and the control group (P <0. 05), but there was no statistic diiference between the extroverted experimental group and the control group. In terms of the (3-band absolute power change, there was statistic diiference in FC4, C3, CP3, P3 leads between the introverted experimental group and the control group (P <0. 05), and there was statistic diiference in T4 and 01 leads (P <0. 01) ; besides there were statistic diiferences in F8, FT8 and C4 leads between the extroverted experimental group and the control group(P <0. 05), and statistic diiferences in FCZ lead(P <0. 01 ) . Conclusion Imaginary working could possibly improve the sleep quality of people with extroverted personality, and the training of imaginary working could improve the sleep quality of those with introverted personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, 108 patients with epileptic seizures in our hospital were selected as the research group, 82 healthy subjects were included as the control group. All of them were received 3D-ASL perfusion imaging, as well as serum homocysteine (Hey) and neuropeptide (NPY) level detection. It was found that the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group, and the serum Hey and NPY levels were higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). There was a certain correlation between CBF, Hey, NPY and seizure type, EEG characteristics in patients with epileptic seizures (P < 0.05). The course of disease, frequency of seizures, type of seizures, epileptic discharge, duration of seizures, type of medication, history of status epilepticus, education level, Hey, NPY, CBF were all the important influencing factors of cognitive impairment in epilepsy (P < 0.05). It can be seen that early joint detection of 3D-ASL perfusion imaging, serum Hey and NPY can provide evidence-based guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment for epilepsy, as well as the assessment of disease severity and improvement of prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the difficulty in mold design for the complex shape of plastic parts, we reported a design for the injection mold with one mold, one cavity and three plates. A two-layer parting mode and a 3-point gating system were adopted for the plastic parts. Aiming at the requirement for the mufti-feature and multi-purpose demolding of plastic parts, six slider core-pulling mechanisms and three inclined top mechanisms were designed to conduct the demolding action. In the slider core-pulling mechanism, the slider-driving mode in the slider mechanism was modified to the external spring-driving one, and the oblique core-pulling mechanism was modified to the horizontal slider driving tunnel slider oblique core-pulling mode. Such a design effectively reduced the excessive structural size requirements of the mechanism to the die, and therefore reduced the manufacturing cost and overcame the difficulties in processing and assembly. A new type of oblique-top mechanism with a front die was designed, in which a spring was used to drive the oblique-top rod to eject the plastic parts from the cavity. This design realized the side core pulling and demolding in the front die with the characteristics of bending hook and hole. The mechanisms designed by this work are simple and feasible for the injection mold, and their working reliability is high. Our design effectively simplifies the overall structure of the mold and makes the processing and manufacturing much easier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed at the demolding difficulties with three characteristics of plastic parts in automatic injection molding of shell plastic parts, a two-plate mould was designed. Banana gate was used to pour the mold. The die is divided into two parts, in which one is for the core pulling drive of the first core pulling mechanism of the front die and the other is for the opening of the cavity of the plastic part and the simultaneous completion of the side core pulling demolding of the reverse buckling of the outer wall of the plastic part. In order to realize the core-pulling function of the front-die core-pulling mechanism, a cylinder-driven top-plate mechanism was installed on the side of the fixed-die frame, which was used to drive the bending pin of the front-die inner-wall inverting front-die bending pin to drive the inner core-pulling slider in the cavity to realize the core-pulling-out and demolding of the inner-wall inverting of the plastic part. The slider of the outer-wall inverting of the plastic part is driven by the oblique guide pillar to implement the side. For core-pulling demolding, inclined hole is driven by cylinder core-pulling inclined core to demold. The layout of die structure is reasonable, and the mechanism design is ingenious. Such a design provides a good engineering reference for the mold design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a serious complication caused by long-term hypoxia,which is characterized by persistent vasoconstriction and irreversible vascular remodeling. The hypoxia may destroy protein folding process in endoplasmic reticulum and activate endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS). As the core response of cell stress, ERS is closely related to the development of HPH.

Background The incidence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is increasing, which has become a major cause of end-stage renal disease. DKD has an insidious onset, and progresses rapidly since the presence of proteinuria, it is difficult to slow down its progression with conventional therapy especially when renal function is significantly impaired. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to explore an effective treatment for delaying the progression of advanced DKD. The Xiezhuoxiaozheng therapy, proposed by Professor WANG Yaoxian in accordance with the pathogenesis of advanced DKD manifested by turbid poison and mass signs and symptoms (zhengjia) , has proven to be effective in clinical treatment of advanced DKD. Objective To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of Xiezhuoxiaozheng therapy in advanced DKD based on the theory of "latent internal heat causing renal collateral mass". Methods A real-world, prospective cohort study design was used to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xiezhuoxiaozheng therapy for advanced DKD in seven hospitals (Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wangjing Hospital of CACMS, Xiyuan Hospital of CACMS, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, and Beijing Fangshan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine) from 2016 to 2020. Patients with DKD who met the inclusion criteria were recruited and divided into a control group (basic western medical treatment) and a test group (basic western medical treatment plus Xiezhuoxiaozheng therapy) taking the method of Xiezhuoxiaozheng and eliminating symptoms as the exposure factor, and received 24-week interventions. At baseline, and the end of 4, 12, and 24 weeks of interventions, serum creatinine (Scr) , blood urea nitrogen (BUN) , 24-hour urine protein, and total cholesterol (TC) , estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured, TCM symptom score was assessed. HbA1c was measured at baseline, and the end of 12, and 24 weeks of interventions. Adverse events were recorded during treatment, and safety was evaluated. Results A total of 59 cases completed the study, including 36 in the test group and 23 in the control group. The intervention duration had significant main effect on eGFR, Scr, and BUN levels in both groups (P

Fourteen reinforced concrete-filled steel tubular (RCFST) short columns were heated following the ISO 834 standard fire condition including cooling phase, of which two specimens were used to measure cross-sectional temperatures, and the others were loaded to failure after cooling to room temperature. The temperatures of the typical cross-sections during the fire exposure, and the axial load versus displacement curves, were measured. Effects of heating time and reinforcement ratio on the residual load-bearing capacity, compressive stiffness and ductility coefficient were discussed. Six more RCFST short columns, unexposed to fire, were tested as comparative specimens to identify the effects of fire on the residual properties. Finally, a design formula was proposed for predicting the residual load-bearing capacity of RCFST columns after exposure to high temperatures, based on relevant codes or technical specifications. The study reveals that the RCFST short columns have high bearing capacity and good ductility, even though after fire exposure. Heating time has more significant effects on the compressive stiffness and ductility than the load-bearing capacity. The load-bearing capacity, the compressive stiffness and ductility after exposure to temperatures increase with the increase of ratio of reinforcement. The results predicted by the design formula were in good agreement with the test results and lie on the safe side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effects of fine particle matter (PM 2.5 ) and ozone (O 3 ) combined exposure on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) amount and ATPase activities in nasal mucosa of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats., Methods: Twenty male SD rats were divided into control group ( n =10) and exposure group ( n =10) by random number table method. The rats were fed in the conventional clean environment and the air pollutant exposure system established by our team, respectively, and exposed for 208 d. During the exposure period, the concentrations of PM 2.5 and O 3 in the exposure system were monitored, and a comprehensive assessment of PM 2.5 and O 3 in the exposure system was conducted by combining self-measurement and site data. On the 208 d of exposure, the core, liver, spleen, kidney, testis and other major organs and nasal mucosal tissues of the rats were harvested. Each organ was weighed and the organ coefficient calculated. The total amount of ATP was measured by bioluminescence, and the activities of Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -ATPase were detected by spectrophotometry. The t test of two independent samples was used to compare the differences among the indicator groups., Results: From the 3rd week to the end of exposure duration, the body weight of the rats in the exposure group was higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in organ coefficients between the two groups. The average daily PM 2.5 concentration in the exposure group was (30.68±19.23) μg/m 3 , and the maximum 8 h ozone concentration (O 3 -8 h) was (82.45±35.81) μg/m 3 . The chemiluminescence value (792.4±274.1) IU/L of ATP in nasal mucosa of the rats in the exposure group was lower than that in the control group (1 126.8±218.1) IU/L. The Na + -K + -ATPase activity (1.53±0.85) U/mg in nasal mucosa of the rats in the exposure group was lower than that in the control group (4.31±1.60) U/mg ( P < 0.05). The protein content of nasal mucosa in the control group and the exposure group were (302.14±52.51) mg/L and (234.58±53.49) mg/L, respectively, and the activity of Ca 2+ -ATPase was (0.81±0.27) U/mg and (0.99±0.73) U/mg, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups., Conclusion: The ability of power capacity decreased in the rat nasal mucossa under the sub-chronic low-concentration exposure of PM 2.5 and O 3 .

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of functional endoscopic sinus surgery（FESS） and radical endoscopic sinus surgery（RESS） in eosinophilic chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps（EosCRSwNP）. Methods: A total of 44 patients diagnosed with EosCRSwNP in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital from July 1st, 2020 to August 1st, 2021 were included, the percentage of eosinophils in leukocytes in all patients included was more than 3.05%. The patients were randomly divided into FESS group and RESS group according to random number table. The visual analogue scale （VAS） score, Lund-Kennedy score and sino-nasal outcome test-22 （SNOT-22） were compared between the two groups before operation, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after operation. Results: At 1 year after operation, the scores of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant （ P <0.01）. There were significant differences in nasal endoscopic score, VAS score and SNOT-22 score between the two groups（ P =0.01, P =0.03, P =0.03）. The recurrence rate of RESS group was 26.09%（6/23） and that of FESS group was 61.90%（13/21）, and the difference was statistically significant（ P =0.04）. Conclusion: Both RESS and FESS can improve nasal symptoms and promote olfactory recovery in EosCRSwNP patients, but RESS has more advantages in reducing recurrence and improving the prognosis of patients., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Small cell lung cancer is a kind of malignant tumor with strong invasiveness and poor prognosis, and the classic therapeutic modality of the disease remains multidisciplinary and comprehensive treatment. Treatment options for small cell lung cancer have been stalled for a long time, and new opportunities have emerged in recent years due to the development and initial experience of immunotherapeutic drugs. Clinical trials of some selected immune checkpoint inhibitors have confirmed the efficacy and safety in small cell lung cancer. Based on the results of phase III clinical trials (Impower133 and CASPIAN), Atezolizumab or Durvalumab in combination with chemotherapy has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Clinical trials involving immune checkpoint inhibitors are being actively carried out and provide different perspectives for the management of small cell lung cancer. This article aimed to review the clinical progress in immunotherapy of small cell lung cancer.
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Objective: To compare the changes of clinical characteristics and immune-related indicators of patients with mild and moderate acute Omicron variant infection, and to evaluate the protective effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination., Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 317 adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 Omicron variant (B1.1.529) infection admitted to Tianjin First Central Hospital (Shuixi District) from January 22, 2022 to February 24, 2022. Demographic characteristics, vaccination status, underlying diseases, epidemiological characteristics, baseline data, and relevant laboratory test results on admission were collected, and the differences in clinical characteristics, especially the changes in immune-related indicators, between mild and moderate patients were compared and analyzed., Results: Among the 317 adult patients with acute Omicron variant infection, the proportion of elderly, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases were significantly higher in moderate group (203 cases) than those of mild group (114 cases) [age ≥ 60 years old: 27.58% (56/203) vs. 9.65% (11/114), hypertension: 31.03% (63/203) vs. 19.30% (22/114), diabetes: 15.76% (32/203) vs. 7.89% (9/114), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: 11.33% (23/203) vs 0.88% (1/114), all P < 0.05]. The route of transmission was mainly through gatherings and the first symptoms were fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, nasal congestion, runny nose and other flu symptoms; 19.30% (22/114) and 24.63% (50/203) of patients in mild and moderate groups were positive for the new coronavirus nucleic acid test, respectively, but the difference was not significant difference (P > 0.05). Inflammatory indicators in most mild and moderate patients were within normal range, such as white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil ratio (NEU%), lymphocyte count (LYM), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), etc., suggesting that the acute phase of Omicron variant infection had not yet caused severe inflammatory storm, which might be related to the weakening of pathogenicity after vaccination and virus mutation. The proportion of patients with IL-6 > 7 ng/L in the mild group was significantly lower than that in the normal group [1.75% (2/114) vs. 6.40% (13/203), P < 0.05], suggesting that elevated IL-6 might be an important factor in evaluating indicators of disease severity. There was no significant difference in lymphocyte subsets between the two groups, but there were 12.90% (12/93) and 11.04% (17/154) of the patients in two groups, respectively, decreased in the proportion of helper T cells, and 18.28% (17/93) and 14.28% (22/154) of the patients had elevated CD4 + /CD8 + ratio, suggesting that patients with Omicron variant infection had autoimmune system dysfunction, which might be related to disease progression and the occurrence of long-term autoimmune disease., Conclusions: Serum IL-6 level may be used as a predictor for evaluating the severity of disease in patients with Omicron variant infection; after vaccination, inflammatory indicators in patients with acute Omicron variant infection were significantly reduced, but the long-term effects still require long-term follow-up observation.

Submicron nonporous silica (NPS) materials feature small particle sizes, smooth surfaces, and regular shapes. They also exhibit excellent performance as a stationary phase; however, their use is limited by their low specific surface area and low phase ratio. Therefore, a novel surface modification strategy tailored for NPS microspheres was designed, involving a multi-step reaction. 3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS) was first grafted onto NPS particles as a silane coupling agent. Polyethyleneimine (PEI), a high-molecular-weight polymer, was then coated onto the particles, providing numerous amino reaction sites. In the final step, an acylation reaction was initiated between stearoyl chloride and the amino groups to obtain the final product, designated as C 18 -NH 2 -GPTS-SiO 2 . Elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, Zeta potential analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate the success of the chemical modifications at each step. The carbon content increased from 0.55% to higher than 8.29%. Thus, it solved the low carbon loading capacity problem when modifying NPS microspheres with traditional C 18 reversed phase (e. g., octadecyl chlorosilane modification). Meanwhile, the reasons for the considerable differences between NPS and porous silica (PS) microspheres in terms of the reactivity to surface modification were investigated in detail. The BET method was employed to compare the pore structures. FT-IR and 29 Si solid-state NMR spectroscopy were employed to analyze the differences in the structure and quantity of silanol groups on the surfaces of the NPS and PS microspheres. Differences were observed not only in the pore size and surface area, but also in the types of silanol groups. FT-IR analysis indicated that the NPS and PS microspheres had different υ Si-OH band positions, which shifted from 955 to 975 cm -1 , respectively. 29 Si solid-state NMR analysis further highlighted the differences in structural information for Si atom environments. Results revealed that 16% of silicon atoms in the PS microspheres had one hydroxyl group (isolated silanols, Q 3 , δ 100), while 19% had two hydroxyl groups (geminal silanols, Q 2 , δ 90). On the other hand, the NPS microspheres possessed no geminal silanols, and only 30% of the Si atoms were in the Q 3 state. Therefore, the NPS microspheres had a lower density of silanol groups and lacked geminal silanol groups, compared to the PS microspheres. Geminal silanol groups have already been confirmed in previous studies to offer far higher reactivity than isolated silanols. These factors together explained the low reactivity of NPS microspheres toward surface modification. Further, the low specific surface area of the microspheres arising from their nonporous nature made it challenging to obtain a high carbon content through a simple one-step reaction. Hydrophobic substances such as hydrocarbons from the benzene series and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were selected to study the chromatographic performance. The hydrophobic mechanism was revealed by the separation of PAHs using different ratios of acetonitrile. Separation was achieved with a C 18 -NH 2 -GPTS-SiO 2 column, following which a hydrophobic phenomenon occurred. The presence of the amino coating led to the inversion of the electroosmotic flow (EOF) of the silica microspheres on the pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) platform. It also enhanced the linear velocity in the pCEC platform when the pH was selected to be low. The effects of the applied voltage on the separation ability of the 720 nm C 18 -NH 2 -GPTS-SiO 2 column were examined to determine optimal conditions. Rapid and effective separation was achieved in a relatively short time. Therefore, the C 18 -NH 2 -GPTS-SiO 2 stationary phase is promising for practical use with a higher phase ratio, demonstrating superiority for use in reversed-phase pCEC separation, and thus, providing a new strategy and valuable reference for the future application of submicron NPS microspheres.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter in the range of 50-200 nm and a double-layer lipid membrane structure that are released by various types of cells under normal or abnormal physiological conditions. At present, according to their extensive biological functions, exosomes have been used in a wide range of research fields and applications, including as potential biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of the biliary epithelium with the characteristics of cholangiocellular differentiation, which accounts for 10%-15% of all types of primary liver cancer. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has no obvious clinical symptoms in the early stages, which results in a low survival rate. Imaging equipment dependent diagnostic methods and currently commonly used diagnostic markers with low sensitivity/specificity have necessitated the development of new specific markers for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. In this study, exosomes were isolated from serum using a commercial kit and characterized through nanoparticle tracking analysis, Western blotting analysis, and transmission electron microscopic analysis to prove the successful isolation of exosomes. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the protein profiles of the serum and serum exosome samples were significantly different. In particular, some high-abundance proteins in the serum samples were significantly reduced or disappeared in the serum exosome sample. Meanwhile, some protein bands (which may belong to exosomes) that did not appear in the serum samples appeared in the serum exosome samples, leading to the conduciveness of subsequent mass spectrometry analysis. The serum and serum exosome samples of the healthy control and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma groups were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for label-free quantitative proteomics. In total, 547 proteins were identified in the serum exosome samples, of which 341 (more than 60%) could be found in the exosomal protein database. In addition, 271 and 430 credible proteins were screened from the serum and serum exosome samples for multi-dimensional statistical analysis and differential protein discovery. Unsupervised principal component analysis and supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis based on the quantitative proteome of the serum and serum exosome samples could distinguish the healthy control and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma groups well, which illustrates that the two types of samples both have potential in the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. There were 15 upregulated and 8 downregulated proteins screened in the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma group compared to the healthy control group based on the serum samples, while 33 upregulated and 18 downregulated proteins were screened in the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma group compared to the healthy control group based on the serum exosome samples, and only four of the differential proteins screened based on the two types of samples were duplicates. At the same time, 35 of the 51 differentially expressed proteins screened based on serum exosome samples belonged to the exosomal protein database. Finally, biological information analysis was performed according to these differential proteins. The molecular functions, biological processes, and signal pathways enriched by these differential proteins mainly involved the innate immune responses, inflammatory responses, and blood coagulation. This study provides a reference value for potential biomarker discovery and exploration of the process of occurrence, development, and metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Moreover, compared with proteomic analysis based on serum samples, proteomic analysis based on serum exosome samples can be used to identify more differential proteins and biological information, and although these differential proteins and biological information may show big differences, the specificity and sensitivity of exosome-based diagnosis and the superiority of exosomes as samples for proteomic analysis has proven the application value of exosomes.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of immunophenotypes and expressions of non-myeloid differentiation antigens in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and their value in diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of AML., Methods: We examined the immunophenotypes of 109 patients with AML using BD FACSCalibur flow cytometry and analyzed the association of the immunophenotypes and expressions of non-myeloid differentiation antigens with the prognosis and complete remission (CR) rate of the patients., Results: Immunophenotype analysis showed that the positivity rates of the myeloid differentiation antigens of AML cells decreased in the order of CD13, CD117, CD33, MPO and CD15; the positivity rates of CD117, CD13, CD33 and MPO did not differ significantly ( P > 0.05) and were all significantly higher than that of CD15 ( P < 0.05). The positivity rates of AML cell non-lineage antigens CD34, CD38, HLA-DR, and CD123 did not differ significantly ( P > 0.05). The positivity rates of non-myeloid differentiation antigens decreased in the order of CD9, CD200, CD56 and CD7 in AML cells and were all significantly higher than those of CD25, CD19, CD2, CD10, CD4, CyCD79a and CyCD3 ( P < 0.05). Among the 109 AML patients, the CR rates of patients positive for CD7, CD34, CD56 and CD25 were significantly lower than those negative for these antigens ( P < 0.05); the CR rates were significantly higher in patients positive for MPO and CD19 than in the negative patients ( P < 0.05). Among the 15 AML-M2b patients with AML1-ETO positivity, the CR rate following a single treatment course was significantly lower in patients positive for CD56 than in CD56-negative patients, and CD56-positive patients also had a significantly higher relapse rate within 1 year ( P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Immunophenotyping and analysis of non-myeloid differentiation antigens can be of great clinical significance for the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of AML, and serve also as one of the important bases for the diagnosis and treatment of AML.

With the acceleration of industrialization and agriculture, soil heavy metal pollution has become increasingly serious. Copper, though an essential trace element for the growth and development of living organisms, is one of the main heavy metal pollutants. Excess copper in soil is toxic to plants and threatens human health via food chain. Bioremediation has received extensive attention as a novel technology for heavy-metal-contaminated soils. Here, we review the development of bioremediation technologies, including phytoremediation, microbial remediation, plant-microbe combined remediation, and animal remediation, for copper-contaminated soils, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the effective management of heavy-metal-contaminated soils and the sustainable development of agriculture.

The volatile and semivolatile components in burley tobacco leaves were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). Twenty milligrams of tobacco powder was incubated at 60 ℃ for 8 min and then extracted using 65 μm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber for 40 min. Finally, the fiber was desorbed at 250 ℃ for 3 min. One hundred twenty two kinds of volatile and semivolatile components in the burley tobacco leaves were tentatively identified by comparing with standard products and mass spectrometry databases, and these compounds were semi-quantitatively analyzed by the internal standard method. The differences between the volatile and semivolatile components for the burley tobacco leaves before and after baking were discriminated and visualized by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). This method has the advantages of small sample size, simple pretreatment, and high sensitivity. In combination with chemometrics, the HS-SPME-GC/MS method is suitable for discriminating changes in the chemical composition of burley tobacco before and after baking, and hence has broad prospective application in the optimization of the baking conditions used for burley tobacco.

A partially filled monolith was prepared by in situ polymerization, and then carrier ampholytes (CAs, pH 3-10) were immobilized on its surface. For effective utilization of capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) with the monolithic immobilized pH gradient (M-IPG), a new online platform was established by the introducing of an eight-way injection valve, a three-way valve and a cross-shaped unit. Besides, a capillary coated with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC capillary) was prepared and used to determine the isoelectric points (p I ) of trastuzumab and etanercept. In parallel, using the newly built capillary isoelectric focusing platform, the p I values of trastuzumab and etanercept were measured with the M-IPG column, and compared with the results obtained using the HPC capillary. It was found that these two cIEF columns can be effectively used to separate proteins and determine the p I values of monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins in protein drugs. Moreover, the measured p I values were consistent with those estimated using the HPC capillary.

Silica particles having different sizes were synthesized by a modified Stöber method. The reaction temperature, stirring rate, and time conditions were optimized. Finally, 580 nm monodispersed silica particles were synthesized. Moreover, a novel zwitterionic stationary phase with strong hydrophilicity was prepared based on a "thiolene" click reaction between cysteine and the silica particles modified vinyl group (Cys-vinyltrichlorosilane (VTMS)-SiO 2 ). A column packed with submicron cysteine-bonded silica was prepared by the slurry packing method. The hydrophilic mechanism was revealed by the separation of toluene, acrylamide, and thiourea using different ratios of acetonitrile. The effects of applied voltage, buffer concentration, and buffer pH on the separation ability of the capillary column packed with 580 nm Cys-VTMS-SiO 2 were examined to achieve optimal results. In addition, the run-to-run and day-to-day reproducibilities in terms of retention time and peak area for the above mentioned compounds were both 2.0%. The good batch-to-batch reproducibility indicated that the preparation method was suitable for the fabricated column. The column used in the pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) system demonstrated efficient and fast separation of a mixture consisting of nucleosides, phenols, amines, and peptides after the optimization of the separation condition. The proposed method shows good potential for the separation of polar and hydrophilic compounds.

Objective: To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of a case with Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS)., Methods: Chromosomal karyotype of umbilical cord blood sample derived from a 36-year-old pregnant woman was analyzed by G-banding analysis. After birth, the child was further analyzed with single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP array) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using 12pter/12qter probes., Results: G-banding analysis showed that the fetus has a karyotype of 46,XY [77]/47,XY,+mar [23]. After birth, Affymetrix CytoScan 750K array analysis showed a segmental tetrasomy of arr [hg19] 12p13.33p11.1(173 786 - 34 835 641)×4 and a 34.6 Mb repeat at 12p13.33p11.1 with in the neonate. FISH analysis confirmed that 39% of cells harbored the 12p tetrasomy., Conclusion: Combined clinical examination, G-banded chromosomal karyotyping, FISH and microarray analysis can delineate the origin and fragments of small supernumerary marker chromosomes and diagnose PKS with precision.

A method for the simultaneous determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette filter was developed by isotope internal standard combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The cigarette filters were extracted with dichloromethane, and the extract was filtered with 0.22 μm organic phase membrane. The samples were isolated by DB-5MS column (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) and detected using multiple reaction monitoring mode of electron impact source under positive ion mode. The linearities of the 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (acenapthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, ben[ a ]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[ b ]fluoranthene, benzo[ k ]fluoranthene, benzo[ a ]pyrene, dibenzo[ a,h ]anthracene, benzo[ g,h,i ]perylene and indeno[1,2,3- c,d ]pyrene) were good, and the correlation coefficients ( R 2 ) ranged from 0.9914 to 0.9999. The average recoveries of the 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 81.6%-109.6% at low, middle and high spiked levels, and the relative standard deviations were less than 16%, except that the relative standard deviation of fluorene at the low spiked level was 19.2%. The limits of detection of the 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 0.02 to 0.24 ng/filter, and the limits of quantification were 0.04 to 0.80 ng/filter. The method is simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and reproducible. It is suitable for the quantitative analysis of the 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette filters.

Brain aging can affect the strength of functional connectivity between brain regions. In recent years, studies have shown that functional connectivity is fluctuant over time, and can reflect more physiological and pathological information. Therefore, in the study resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 32 elderly subjects and 36 younger subjects were selected, and the sliding window technique was used to estimate dynamic functional connectivity network. Then, the dependency of fluctuating energy difference on frequency band was studied using wavelet packet analysis, conducting the linear regression with age at the same time. Results showed that the fluctuating energy in older group was significantly higher than that in the young group in low frequency, and it was significantly lower than that in the young people in high frequency. These results suggested that the dynamic functional connectivity between networks in the elderly exist slow wave phenomenon, which may be related to the decreased reaction rate of the elderly. This article provides new ideas and methods for the research about brain aging, and promotes a theoretical basis for further understanding of the physiological significance of brain dynamic functional connectivity.

Environmental problems are the most serious challenges in the 21st century. With the rapid development of modern industry and agriculture, ecological and environmental deterioration have become the most important factors to restrict the sustainable development of social economy. Microbial cells have strong ability for environmental remediation, but their evolution speed is slower than the speed of emerging pollutants. Therefore, the treatment using the synthetic biology is in urgent need. Full understanding of the microbial degradation characteristics (pathways) of refractory organic pollutants with the help of abundant microbial and gene resources in China is important. Using synthetic biology to redesign and transform the existing degrading strain will be used to degrade particular organic pollutants or multiple organic pollutants. For the complex pollutants, such as wastewater, based on the establishment of metabolic or regulation or resistance related gene modules of typical organic pollutants, artificial flora could be designed to solve the complex pollutants. The rational design and construction of engineering bacteria for typical environmental organic pollutants can effectively promote microbial catabolism of emerging contaminants, providing technical support for environmental remediation in China.

This study aimed to verify whether the open-ended coaxial line tumor sensor with radio frequency was effective or not in detecting the differences in permittivity and conductivity between the breast malignant tissues and adjacent tissues.Sixteen breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma samples were freshly obtained from the department of general surgery in Zhujiang Hospital.The permittivity and conductivity of cancerous nidus points of breast samples,3cm adjacent tissue points and 5cm adjacent tissue points were detected respectively by the open-ended coaxial line tumor sensor with radio frequency noninvasively in conjunction with vector network analyzer at the frequency ranging from 42.85~500 MHz.All the detected points were marked.After finishing the detection,we conducted postoperative pathological examinations on all the marked points.According to the statistics,there were statistically significant differences between the breast cancerous tissues and the 3cm adjacent tissues for the dielectric properties(P<0.01).There were statistically significant differences between the breast cancerous tissues and the 5cm adjacent tissues for the dielectric properties(P<0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in the dielectric properties between the 3cm adjacent tissues and 5cm adjacent tissues(P>0.05).Both the 3cm adjacent tissues and5 cm adjacent tissues were found no breast cancer cell infiltration.The results indicated that the open-ended coaxial line tumor sensor at radio frequency could be effective in detecting the differences in permittivity and conductivity between breast cancerous tissues and adjacent tissues and,therefore,it may have a potential prospect in making a final diagnosis to confirm whether the detected breast tissue is malignant or not.

Objective: To compare the differentiation, inducing effects of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) on IL-10(+) T cells derived from cord blood and peripheral blood, and investigate the effect of IFN-γ on the induction., Methods: The hPMSCs were isolated from human placenta and cultured. The expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in hPMSCs was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Mononuclear cells were isolated from cord blood and peripheral blood of healthy donors by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and T cells were purified by sheep red blood cells. Then hPMSCs, pretreated with PD-L1 mAb or IFN-γ, were co-cultured with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-activated T cells. Percentages of CD4(+)IL-10(+) and CD8(+)IL-10(+) T cells in cord blood and peripheral blood T cells were analyzed by FCM., Results: hPMSCs could induce the differentiation of CD4(+)IL-10(+) and CD8(+)IL-10(+) T cells from cord blood or peripheral blood T cells, and the number of IL-10(+) T cells in the peripheral blood T cells was significantly higher than that in the cord blood T cells. Pretreatment with IFN-γ markedly enhanced the differentiation, inducing ability of hPMSCs. PD-L1 was highly expressed in hPMSCs, and the expression was also significantly promoted by IFN-γ. After the expression of PD-L1 was blocked in hPMSCs, the percentages of CD4(+)IL-10(+) and CD8(+)IL-10(+) T cells obviously decreased in cord blood and peripheral blood T cells., Conclusion: The ability of hPMSCs to induce the differentiation of IL-10(+) T cells from peripheral blood T cells was apparently stronger than that in cord blood T cells. IFN-γ could up-regulate the number of IL-10(+)T cells differentiated from cord blood and peripheral blood T cells in the present of hPMSCs by enhancing the expression of PD-L1 in hPMSCs.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) on the repair of different tissue defects in pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer., Method: Twenty-three cases of pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer were analyzed retrospectively, including 16 patients with pharyngeal cancer, and 7 patients with laryngeal cancer. After surgery, the patients appeared two types of tissue defects respectively: hypopharynx tissue defect and neck skin tissue defect. These defects were repaired with ADM, and the clinical effects were observed., Result: Sixteen cases of hypopharynx tissue defect and 7 cases of neck skin tissue defect were repaired with ADM. One case in hypopharynx tissue defect group and 2 cases in neck skin tissue defect group undergone pharyngeal fistula postoperatively., Conclusion: The repair of tissue defects in pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer with ADM had some advantages, such as good histocompatibility, low immune rejection, wide material sources and simple method. There were some differences in clinical effects between hypopharynx cavity defect and neck skin tissue defects, so the emphasis of the need to pay attention to is different in the clinical.

Objective: To compare the clinical results between stapled and traditional suture closure total laryngectomy., Method: Fifty-three cases of laryngeal cancer with total laryngectomy were divided into 2 groups: 32 cases with traditional suture closure total laryngectomy (group A) and 21 cases with stapled total laryngectomy group (group B). Compare two groups in pharyngeal fistula, postoperative bleeding, dysphagia, and nasal regurgitation., Result: There was no difference of postoperative pharyngeal fistula between group A and B (P>0. 05). The incidence of dysphagia, nasal regurgitation, and postoperative bleeding in group B were 23. 8%, 14. 3% and 14. 3% respectively, which were obviously higher than that in group A (P<0. 05)., Conclusion: Stapled total laryngectomy has the advantages of reducing the operative time and simplifying the operation with some disadvantages such as higher standards of operation indications, higher incidence of dysphagia, higher nasal regurgitation, higher postoperative bleeding, and poor medical economic profit. Traditional suture closure total laryngectomy is recommended in clinical practice.

Objective: To screen for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) and identify oncogenic lncRNA contributing to ESCC pathogenesis., Methods: A lncRNA array containing 7419 lncRNA was used to detect the transcriptional profiles of lncRNA of four pairs of ESCC and matched normal esophageal tissue. Bioinformatic analysis was employed to identify differentially expressed ESCC associated lncRNA (ESCCAL). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to verify selected dysregulated lncRNA on independent ESCC samples., Results: Genome-wide transcriptome profiling (coding and or noncoding RNA transcripts) was able to distinguish ESCC from normal tissue. Among these, bioinformatic analysis has identified 154 differentially expressed ESCC associated lncRNA (ESCCALs), which included 111 downregulated and 43 upregulated lncRNA in ESCC relative to the normal tissue (P< 0.01). The highest upregulated lncRNA (ESCCAL&#95;1) and known onco-lncRNA HOTAIR was further verified in 26 paired ESCC samples. ESCCAL&#95;1 and HOTAIR were found to be highly expressed in 17 ESCC and 18 ESCC compared with normal esophageal tissues., Conclusion: This investigation has revealed large scale aberrant expression of lncRNA in ESCC. About 70% of novel lncRNA-ESCCAL&#95;1, together with a known lncRNA-HOTAIR, are highly expressed in ESSC, suggesting that ESCCAL&#95;1 and HOTAIR may participate in the pathological process of ESCC. Furthermore, lncRNA could be potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ESCC.

Objective: To use a hospital-based case-control study design to investigate the relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the interaction of polymorphisms in the human mismatch repair gene,hMSH2,with environmental factors., Methods: Cases of new-onset,histopathology-diagnosed,and untreated (no chemotherapy or radiation therapy) HCC were enrolled between September 2009 and September 2012.A non-HCC healthy control group was also enrolled and was composed of individuals living in the same region as the cases for more than 10 years and age-/sex-matched with similar socioeconomic characteristics.All enrollees underwent hMSH2 genotyping by real-time PCR.T-test,chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the difference in allele frequencies among the case and control groups and the relationship between hMSH2 polymorphisms and environmental factors., Results: Frequencies of hMSH2 rs2303428 CC,CT and TT genotypes in the HCC group were significantly different than in the control group (14.13% vs.8.21%,47.02% vs.49.47%,and 38.85% vs.42.32%;x 2=8.289,P =0.016).Individuals carrying the hMSH2 rs2303428 T allelic gene had a significantly increased risk compared to those with the hMSH2 rs2303428 C allelic gene (adjusted OR=1.228).Interactions were found between the hMSH2 genotype and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive hepatitis infection (adjusted OR=1.865) and history of cancer (adjusted OR=5.634).There was no relation between hMSH2 gene rs4952887 and rs2059520 and liver cancer development or interaction with environmental factors., Conclusion: The hMSH2 rs2303428 genotype is positively related to risk of HCC in Chinese,with HBsAg-positive hepatitis infection starus and history of cancer increasing the risk.