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Objective To summarize the clinical features of infection - associated autoimmune encephalitis (IAE) with different antibodies in Xinjiang region, and to explore the diagnostic value of relevant laboratory indicators for IAE. Methods A total of 47 patients with IAE diagnosed and treated in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uiger Autonomous Region from January 2018 to October 2023 were enrolled, including 18 cases (38.30%) of anti - leucine - rich glioma - inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody - associated encephalitis, 16 cases (34.04%) of anti - N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, 8 cases (17.02%) of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated encephalitis, and 5 cases (10.64%) of anti-γ -aminobutyric acid receptor type B (GABABR) encephalitis. Social demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory and other examinations were collected, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic value of relevant laboratory indicators for IAE. Results The age of onset (χ2 = 9.500, P = 0.023), myasthenia (χ2 = 9.967, P = 0.019), vision loss (χ2 = 9.967, P = 0.019) and seizures (χ2 = 8.046, P = 0.045), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count (χ2 = 15.237, P = 0.002) and chloride (F = 4.156, P = 0.011) in patients with anti - LGI1 antibody - associated encephalitis, anti - NMDAR encephalitis, anti - MOG antibody - associated encephalitis and anti - GABABR encephalitis were statistically significant. The age of onset in patients with anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis was larger than that in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis (Z = - 2.384, P = 0.017) and anti- MOG antibody-associated encephalitis (Z = - 2.420, P = 0.016). The CSF white blood cell count in patients with anti - NMDAR encephalitis was higher than that in patients with anti - LGI1 antibody - associated encephalitis (Z = - 3.307, P = 0.001) and anti-MOG antibody-associated encephalitis (Z = - 2.835, P = 0.005). CSF chloride was higher in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis (t = 3.159, P = 0.007) and anti-GABABR encephalitis (t = - 4.592, P = 0.007) than in patients with anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis. ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of age of onset for diagnosis of anti-LGI1 antibodyassociated encephalitis was 0.722 (95%CI: 0.569-0.875, P = 0.012), the sensitivity was 0.556, the specificity was 0.821, and the cut-off value was 54.50 years old. The AUC of CSF white blood cell count in the diagnosis of anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis was 0.706 (95%CI: 0.558-0.855, P = 0.019), the sensitivity was 0.889, the specificity was 0.571, and the cut-off value was 4.50 × 106/L. The AUC in the diagnosis of anti - NMDAR encephalitis was 0.790 (95%CI: 0.643-0.937, P = 0.002), the sensitivity was 0.600, the specificity was 0.967, and the cut-off value was 13.50 × 106/L. The AUC of CSF chloride for the diagnosis of anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis was 0.748 (95%CI: 0.598-0.898, P = 0.005), with a sensitivity of 0.722 and a specificity of 0.714, and a cut-off value of 122.70 mmol/L. Conclusions IAE with different antibodies in Xinjiang region has specific clinical features. Age of onset, CSF white blood cell count and chloride have important value in the diagnosis of anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis, and CSF white blood cell count has important value in the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Polyphenol is one of the characteristic physical and chemical indexes of edible plant enzyme, which has the effects of anti-oxidation, reducing fat and anti-tumor. This paper reviews the composition of polyphenols in food plant enzyme products, the factors affecting the formation of polyphenols in food plant enzyme products, the health care effects of polyphenols, and the further research directions of polyphenols in edible plant enzymes are also prospected.

Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical features and comorbidity of attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD) with self⁃limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS) in children. Methods A total of 89 SeLECTS patients diagnosed in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from July 2020 to December 2022 were selected. The social demographic data, clinical manifestation, video electroencephalography (VEEG) results, treatment and prognosis of the children were collected. Swanson, Nolan and Pelham⁃Ⅳ Rating Scale (SNAP⁃Ⅳ) was used to assess the comorbidity of ADHD. Results 1) Clinical features: there were 49 males and 40 females in 89 cases of SeLECTS. The age of onset was 3-12 years old, with an average of (7.22 ± 2.04) years old. The main seizure forms were motor seizures of focal origin (36 cases, 40.45%) and focal progression to bilateral tonic ⁃ clonic seizures (46 cases, 51.69%), and 7 cases (7.87%) had both. Main manifestations were unilateral clonic or tonic⁃clonic seizures, drooling, strabismus or upward movement of eyes, abnormal oral movement, and throat vocalization. 2) EEG characteristics: background activity of VEEG of 56 patients was normal, and epileptiform discharge waveforms were mainly sharp (spike) waves, sharp (spike) slow waves complex, spike clusters, and electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES). Spike wave index (SWI) during slow wave sleep was 33.00 (19.25, 53.25). 3) Treatment and prognosis: 37 cases (41.57%) were seizure⁃free at least 6 months, and 23 cases (25.84%) were seizure⁃free at least 12 months. 4) Comorbidity: 44 patients (49.44%) had comorbid ADHD. Compared with the non⁃ADHD group, the ADHD group had a younger age of onset (t = 1.621, P = 0.002), a higher SWI (Z = ⁃ 2.134, P = 0.038) and a higher incidence of ESES (χ2 = 4.308, P = 0.038). Conclusions SeLECTS is a self⁃limited epilepsy syndrome in children with characteristic clinical and electroencephalographic features. For children with younger age, higher SWI and ESES, comorbid ADHD should be considered.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has been developed rapidly in recent years and has been widely used in many fields. Although MALDI MSI can obtain multiple imaging data of different compounds in one experiment, the imaging analysis of small molecules with low abundance, low ionization efficiency, and matrix interference is still very challenging. In order to improve the signal response of target molecules in MALDI MSI, it is necessary to apply the on tissue derivatization to MALDI MSI. In recent years, the combination of derivatization and mass spectrometry imaging has shown excellent results for the analysis of target molecules containing reactive groups such as carboxyl, amino, and aldehyde groups. This review aims to introduce the application of on tissue derivatization on MALDI MSI, including developed derivatization reagents and pretreatment methods for derivatization, the selection of matrix and the reagent coating device. Finally, the perspectives for derivatization in mass spectrometry imaging are outlooked.

Fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been attracting more and more research interests in recent years. With the emergence of big data and development of advanced deep learning algorithms, neural network has become a common and effective tool for image reconstruction in fast MRI. One main challenge to the deep learning-based methods for fast MRI reconstruction is the trade-off between the network performance and the network capacity. Few previous studies have used the deep learning-based methods in parallel imaging. In this work, a deep recursive cascaded convolutional network (DRCCN) architecture was designed for parallel MRI, with reduced number of network parameters while maintaining a satisfactory performance. The experimental results demonstrated that, compared to the classical methods, image reconstruction with the well-trained DRCCN networks were more accurate and less time consuming.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of infection-associated autoimmune encephalitis (IAE) with different antibodies in Xinjiang region, and to explore the diagnostic value of relevant laboratory indicators for IAE. Methods A total of 47 patients with IAE diagnosed and treated in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uiger Autonomous Region from January 2018 to October 2023 were enrolled, including 18 cases (38.30%) of anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody-associated encephalitis, 16 cases (34.04%) of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, 8 cases (17.02%) of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated encephalitis, and 5 cases (10.64%) of anti-γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type B (GABABR) encephalitis. Social demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory and other examinations were collected, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic value of relevant laboratory indicators for IAE. Results The age of onset (χ² = 9.500, P = 0.023), myasthenia (χ² = 9.967, P = 0.019), vision loss (χ² = 9.967, P = 0.019) and seizures (χ² = 8.046, P = 0.045), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count (χ² = 15.237, P = 0.002) and chloride (F = 4.156, P = 0.011) in patients with anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis, anti-NMDAR encephalitis, anti-MOG antibody-associated encephalitis and anti-GABABR encephalitis were statistically significant. The age of onset in patients with anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis was larger than that in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis (Z =-2.384, P = 0.017) and anti-MOG antibody-associated encephalitis (Z =-2.420, P = 0.016). The CSF white blood cell count in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis was higher than that in patients with anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis (Z =-3.307, P = 0.001) and anti-MOG antibody-associated encephalitis (Z =-2.835, P = 0.005). CSF chloride was higher in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis (t = 3.159, P = 0.007) and anti-GABABR encephalitis (t =-4.592, P = 0.007) than in patients with anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis. ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of age of onset for diagnosis of anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis was 0.722 (95%CI: 0.569-0.875, P = 0.012), the sensitivity was 0.556, the specificity was 0.821, and the cut-off value was 54.50 years old. The AUC of CSF white blood cell count in the diagnosis of anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis was 0.706 (95%CI: 0.558-0.855, P = 0.019), the sensitivity was 0.889, the specificity was 0.571, and the cut-off value was 4.50 x 106/L. The AUC in the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis was 0.790 (95%CI: 0.643-0.937, P = 0.002), the sensitivity was 0.600, the specificity was 0.967, and the cut-off value was 13.50 x 106/L. The AUC of CSF chloride for the diagnosis of anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis was 0.748 (95%CI: 0.598-0.898, P = 0.005), with a sensitivity of 0.722 and a specificity of 0.714, and a cut-off value of 122.70 mmol/L. Conclusions IAE with different antibodies in Xinjiang region has specific clinical features. Age of onset, CSF white blood cell count and chloride have important value in the diagnosis of anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis, and CSF white blood cell count has important value in the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed germination period is the most sensitive period to salt alkali stress. An accurate, simple, and efficient evaluation system for salt alkali tolerance during seed germination is of great value for screening salt alkali tolerant rapeseed germplasm. This study used 166 Brassica napus varieties, backbone parents, and hybrid combinations as experimental materials. A set of rapeseed hydroponic germination equipment was constructed by hole tray, medical gauze, square containers, etc. Based on this system, a mixture of 1.0% NaCl and 0.10% Na2CO3 was selected to simulate salt alkali mixed stress. The salt alkali tolerance at germination stage of all tested materials was identified and evaluated. Results showed that high salt alkali stress can inhibit the germination of rapeseed seeds, and there is extensive genetic variation in salt alkali tolerance during germination among different materials. According to their germination status, 166 tested rapeseed resources can be classified into 4 levels of salt alkali tolerance. Among them, 11 salt alkali tolerant rapeseed resources were selected with 3rd resistance level, mainly including varieties such as Huayouza 62, Huayouza 158, 67shangd20yu 11, 67shangd20yu 16, backbone parents, and hybrid combinations. This provides identification techniques and elite resources for genetic research and breeding improvement of salt alkali tolerance in rapeseed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit flies are destructive quarantine pests that harm horticultural crops. Their wide distribution and high fecundity cause large economic losses to the fruit and vegetable industry. Moreover, adult females lay their eggs within host plant tissue where the larvae feed making them difficult to control. Semiochemicals, including those derived from insects, plants, and other sources, due to their high activity and strong specificity, have become the preferred tools for the environmentally- friendly prevention and control of fruit flies. Therefore this review focuses on semiochemicals related to foraging, mating, and oviposition behavior and the application of these in pest control, and then provides guidance and a theoretical basis for the integrated management of Tephritidae fruit flies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of arsenic trioxide plus amlodipine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human liver cancer HepG2 cell line in vitro. Methods: Different concentrations of arsenic trioxide (4.0, 2.0, 1.0 μmol/L) and amlodipine (27*#215; 10³, 18× 10³, 12× 10³ mg/mL) were treated on human hepatoma HepG-2 cells in vitro, the changes of cell morphology were observed, CCK-8 method and flow cytometry were used to test the proliferation and apoptosis of HepG-2 cell respectively. Results: Arsenic trioxide and amlodipine significantly increased the growth inhibition rate and apoptotic rate ofHepG2 cells in a concentration dependent manner, and the combination of two drugs was more significant(P<0.05). Compared with the arsenic trioxide and amlodipine alone, combinati on of two drugs significantly blocked the HepG2 cells in phase G2 and S. Conclusion: Arsenic trioxide and amlodipine could significantly inhibit the proliferation and apoptosis of human liver cancer HepG2 cell line in vitro, which had a synergistic effect by combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the OR values of the risk factors that are associated with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by aspirin. Methods: 100 cases of patients who had taken aspirin orally as the only NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and hospitalized at Digestive System Department and Cardiology Department of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were selected, 49 cases of whom had upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by medicine were selected as research group, and the other 51 cases were used as control group. History of present illness, past medical illness, smoking history, coagulation routine, HP testing and gastroscopy were collected to screen out risk factors that led to upper gastrointestinal hermorrhage caused by aspirin through single factor statistical analysis, and to work out the independent risk factors through multiple Logistic regression analysis. Results: Patients at age over 60 or with history of Hp infection, ulceration, diabetes, and smoking took an apparently higher rate in the research group that in the control group, with statistical significance. Through multiple Logistic regression, it was indicated that there was statistical difference among age over 60 or with history of Hp infection, ulceration, diabetes, and the OR value of upper gastrointestinal hermorrhage caused by aspirin. Conclusions: Age over 60, history of Hp infection, ulceration, diabetes are risk factors which lead to upper gastrointestinal hermorrhage caused by aspirin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the study investigating swainsonie effects on cerebral cortex neurons apoptosis of newborn Sprague Dawley (SD) rats which shows that swainsonine could induce apoptosis of cerebral cortex neurons in rats.

The article discusses a study on expression and distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in tissue of piglets by cloning and then real time-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical to detect ACE2 expression. It states that ACE2 protein distribution in every organ has an apparent specificity and has higher level of expression in the gastrointestinal tract that may be involved in growth and development of gastrointestinal system.

The two-phase flow mathematic models are developed for gas generator with central igniter tube. The one-dimensional two-phase model is used for the ignition of central igniter tube, and the two-dimensional two-phase model is used for the energy release of tubular gas generator. The coupling function of two tubes is established through exchange between gas and solid. The interior ballistic simulation software is programmed by Mac Cormack two-step scheme and is used to calculate the gas generator. The calculated results well accord with the test results, which proves that the model is right and provides important theory foundation to structure design and optimization on gas generator with central igniter tube. Meanwhile, the energy releasing course is analyzed based on the simulation results. The result shows that the uniform ignition condition is the precondition of gas generator releasing energy steadily. The ignition energy released uniformly could ensure the reliable burning of powders in gas generator and the release of controlled energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking burozem and fluvo-aquic soil in the main peanut (Arachis hypogaea) production areas of China as test soil types and selecting three widely cultivated peanut genotypes Baisha 1016, Huayu 22, and Zhanyou 27 as test crops, a pot experiment with no Cd addition (control) and added with 1.5 mg · kg-1 of Cd was conducted to elucidate the effects of soil type and crop genotype on the cadmimum (Cd) accumulation in peanut kernels. In the control, the Cd concentrations in the kernels of the three peanut genotypes growing on the two soil types were lower than the national food safety standard. In treatment Cd addition, the opposite was observed. For the same soil types, the Cd concentrations in the kernels of the three peanut genotypes were significantly higher in treatment Cd addition than in the control. The Cd accumulation in the kernels of the three peanut genotypes was in the order of Zhanyou 27>Baisha 1016>Huayu 22, and the Cd concentrations in the kernels of the peanut genotypes growing on the two soil types were higher on burozem than on fluvo-aquic soil. The values of the Cd bioaccumulation factor for the kernels of the three peanut genotypes were all higher than 1.0 in the control but lower than 1.0 in treatment Cd addition, suggesting that the peanut kernels had a stronger ability in accumulating the Cd from soil, and, when the soil Cd concentration increased, this ability decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to overcome the correlation between the received signals of the MIMO system which seriously affected the performance of the equalizer, this paper proposed a MISO-VSS-MCMA. The algorithm could overcome the phase rotation of signals, and effectively suppress interference between the users. Index variable step size factor in this algorithm which switched according to the error could improve convergence problem of declining which caused by the signal processing between MISO equalizers. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional algorithm, residual error rate of algorithm based on MISO gets its greatly reduced, moreover, new algorithm performs better because that variable step size factor can accelerate the convergence speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of regional water purification functionality and its influencing factors holds significant pragmatic implications in understanding the potential of regional water purification, guiding context-specific regional comprehensive planning schemes, and environmental conservation measures. The study site, situated along the southern coast of Hangzhou Bay, represents a prototypical region characterized by intricate land-sea interactions that bear substantial economic and ecological functions. By assimilating a meticulously collected topographical and land-use dataset, in conjunction with site-specific meteorological records, the water purification model embedded within the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs (InVEST) framework was employed to scrutinize the spatiotemporal dynamics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads, discharges, and removals within the southern coast of Hangzhou Bay. The prime objective of this study was to unravel the differentials in water purification functionality under diverse developmental scenarios. The investigation unearthed distinct temporal discrepancies in N and P discharges and removals over two temporal dimensions. Relative to the benchmark year 2000, the total N load experienced a reduction of 276.72 t, whereas the N discharge and removals decreased by 140.86 and 137.86 t, respectively, in the year 2020. In contrast, the total P load observed an increase of 93.65 t, accompanied by a surge in P discharge and removals by 28.91 and 64.74 t, respectively. Spatially, the distribution pattern of N and P discharges exhibited a general inclination of elevated values in the northern region and subdued values in the southern region, with certain pockets in the southern region exhibiting pronounced peaks, intimately associated with land-use typologies. Simulation analyses conducted under distinct scenarios unveiled that under the natural development priority scenario, the N and P discharges within the study area amounted to 1 682.36 and 115.50 t, respectively. Conversely, under the scenario emphasizing economic development, the regional N and P discharges showed an approximate escalation of 83.02% and 79.93%, correspondingly. In contrast, under the scenario emphasizing environmental conservation, the regional N and P discharges exhibited a notable decline of approximately 79.96% and 56.44%, respectively. Hence, the scenario prioritizing the amalgamation of environmental conservation and development effectively reduced the N and P discharges within the region, bolstering the water purification functionality. The results derived from this study furnish a solid theoretical foundation for effectuating region-specific planning schemes fostering coordinated economic and ecological advancement within the study area.

Objectives: To study the effect of gut microbiota on hematopoiesis in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)., Methods: Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and a model group (NEC group), with 6 rats in each group. Formula milk combined with hypoxia and cold stimulation was used to establish a neonatal rat model of NEC. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of intestinal tissue and hematopoiesis-related organs. Routine blood tests were conducted for each group. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the changes in specific cells in hematopoiesis-related organs. Flow cytometry was used to measure the changes in specific cells in bone marrow. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to observe the composition and abundance of gut microbiota., Results: Compared with the control group, the NEC group had intestinal congestion and necrosis, damage, atrophy, and shedding of intestinal villi, and a significant increase in NEC histological score. Compared with the control group, the NEC group had significantly lower numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocytes ( P <0.05), nucleated cells in the spleen, thymus, and bone marrow, and small cell aggregates with basophilic nuclei in the liver ( P <0.05). The NEC group had significant reductions in CD71 + erythroid progenitor cells in the liver, CD45 + lymphocytes in the spleen and bone marrow, CD3 + T lymphocytes in thymus, and the proportion of CD45 + CD3 - CD43 + SSC hi neutrophils in bone marrow ( P <0.05). There was a significant difference in the composition of gut microbiota between the NEC and control groups, and the NEC group had a significant reduction in the abundance of Ligilactobacillus and a significant increase in the abundance of Escherichia - Shigella ( P <0.05), which replaced Ligilactobacillus and became the dominant flora., Conclusions: Multi-lineage hematopoietic disorder may be observed in a neonatal rat model of NEC, which may be associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal multiplication of the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia - Shigella .

Objective: To observe the effect of Dong 's extraordinary point needling technique on postoperative complications of anal fistula., Methods: A total of 241 patients undergoing anal fistula surgery were randomly divided into an observation group (121 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (120 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients in the control group were treated with intramuscular injection of compound diclofenac sodium injection and oral administration of tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsules. In addition to the treatment in the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with Daoma needling technique at the " Sanqi points" ( Qimen point, Qijiao point, and Qizheng point) combined with Dongqi needling technique at " Sanhuang points" (sub- Tianhuang point, Dihuang point, Renhuang point), with each session lasting 30 min. The treatment in the two groups both started on the first day after surgery, and was given once daily for 14 consecutive days. Visual analog scale (VAS) score was compared between the two groups on postoperative day 1, 7, and 14; bladder residual urine volume, spontaneous voiding volume, and urinary catheterization frequency were assessed after treatment on postoperative day 1; and anorectal dynamic indexes (anal canal resting pressure, rectal resting pressure, maximum squeeze pressure of the anal canal, and minimum rectal sensory threshold) were evaluated before surgery and on postoperative day 4. Clinical efficacy was assessed in both groups one month after surgery., Results: On postoperative day 7 and 14, the VAS scores of both groups were lower than those on postoperative day 1 ( P <0.05), and the VAS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05). The bladder residual urine volume and urinary catheterization frequency in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05), while the spontaneous voiding volume was higher than that in the control group ( P <0.05). On postoperative day 4, the anal canal resting pressure, maximum squeeze pressure of the anal canal, and the minimum rectal sensory threshold were lower than preoperative values ( P <0.05), while the rectal resting pressure was higher than preoperative value ( P <0.05) in both groups. The anal canal resting pressure, maximum squeeze pressure of the anal canal, and minimum rectal sensory threshold were lower than those in the control group, and the rectal resting pressure was higher than that in the control group ( P <0.05). The effective rate was 93.2% (110/118) in the observation group, which was higher than 84.7% (100/118) in the control group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Dong 's extraordinary point needling technique could reduce postoperative pain, alleviate urinary retention, and improve defecation in patients undergoing anal fistula surgery.

This study aims to investigate the effect of Bombyx Batryticatus extract(BBE) on behaviors of rats with global cerebral ischemia reperfusion(I/R) and the underlying mechanism. The automatic coagulometer was used to detect the four indices of human plasma coagulation after BBE intervention for quality control of the extract. Sixty 4-week-old male SD rats were randomized into sham operation group(equivalent volume of normal saline, ip), model group(equivalent volume of normal saline, ip), positive drug group(900 IU·kg~(-1) heparin, ip), and low-, medium-, and high-dose BBE groups(0.45, 0.9, and 1.8 mg·g~(-1)·d~(-1) BBE, ip). Except the sham operation group, rats were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by reperfusion(BCCAO/R) to induce I/R. The administration lasted 7 days for all the groups. The behaviors of rats were examined by beam balance test(BBT). Morphological changes of brain tissue were observed based on hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. Immunofluorescence method was used to detect common leukocyte antigen(CD45), leukocyte differentiation antigen(CD11b), and arginase-1(Arg-1) in cerebral cortex(CC). The protein expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-4(IL-4), interleukin-6(IL-6), and interleukin-10(IL-10) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The non-targeted metabonomics was employed to detect the levels of metabolites in plasma and CC of rats after BBE intervention. The results of quality control showed that the BBE prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), prothrombin time(PT), and thrombin time(TT) of human plasma, which was similar to the anticoagulation effect of BBE obtained previously. The results of behavioral test showed that the BBT score of the model group increased compared with that of the sham operation group. Compared with the model group, BBE reduced the BBT score. As for the histomorphological examination, compared with the sham operation group, the model group showed morphological changes of a lot of nerve cells in CC. The nerve cells with abnormal morphology in CC decreased after the intervention of BBE compared with those in the model group. Compared with the sham operation group, the model group had high average fluorescence intensity of CD45 and CD11b in the CC. The average fluorescence intensity of CD11b decreased and the average fluorescence intensity of Arg-1 increased in CC in the low-dose BBE group compared with those in the model group. The average fluorescence intensity of CD45 and CD11b decreased and the average fluorescence intensity of Arg-1 increased in medium-and high-dose BBE groups compared with those in the model group. The expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was higher and the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 was lower in the model group than in the sham operation group. The expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was lower and the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 was higher in the low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose BBE groups than in the model group. The results of non-targeted metabonomics showed that 809 metabolites of BBE were identified, and 57 new metabolites in rat plasma and 45 new metabolites in rat CC were found. BBE with anticoagulant effect can improve the behaviors of I/R rats, and the mechanism is that it promotes the polarization of microglia to M2 type, enhances its anti-inflammatory and phagocytic functions, and thus alleviates the damage of nerve cells in CC.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of serum pepsinogen (PG) Ⅰ/PGⅡ combined with tumor markers for Helicobacter pylori ( Hp )-positive early-stage gastric cancer., Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with the clinical data of 109 patients with gastric cancer (the gastric cancer group), 115 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (the benign group), 112 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (the low grade group), 109 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (the high grade group), and 104 healthy subjects who underwent the relevant screening tests as part of their general physical examination (the healthy group). All the subjects were admitted to or received care at our hospital between May 2018 and April 2021. The levels of serum PGⅠ, PGⅡ, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), and carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724), and Hp infection status were examined. The findings for these indicators were compared among the groups, and the differences in serum indicators in Hp -positive and Hp -negative patients were compared. The diagnostic value of serum PGⅠ/PGⅡ combined with tumor markers for Hp -positive early-stage gastric cancer was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve., Results: The serum levels of PGⅠ and PGⅠ/PGⅡ decreased in successive order in the healthy group, the benign group, the low grade group, the high grade group, and the gastric cancer group ( P <0.05). The serum levels of PGⅡ, CEA, CA199, and CA724 in the gastric cancer group, the high grade group, and the low grade group were all higher than those in the healthy group and the benign group ( P <0.05). The Hp -positive rates of the gastric cancer group, the high grade group, the low grade group and the benign group were higher than that of the healthy group ( P <0.01). The levels of serum PGⅠ, PGⅡ, CEA, CA199, and CA724 of the Hp -positive subjects of the healthy group, the benign group, the low grade group, the high grade group, and the gastric cancer group were higher than those of the Hp -negative subjects ( P <0.05), while their PGⅠ/PGⅡ levels were always lower than those of the Hp -negative persons ( P <0.05). The specificity and area under the curve ( AUC ) of serum PGⅠ/PGⅡ, CEA, CA199, and CA724 in the combined diagnosis of Hp -positive early-stage gastric cancer were higher than those of each indicator used alone in diagnosis ( P <0.05). In the gastric cancer group, the proportion of patients with PGⅠ/PGⅡ>2.32 was lower in the Hp -positive patients than that in the Hp -negative patients ( P <0.05), while the proportions of patients with CEA>66.99 ng/mL, CA199>110.35 U/mL, and CA724>44.20 U/mL were higher in the Hp -positive patients than those in the Hp -negative patients ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Testing PGⅠ/PGⅡ in combination with CEA, CA199, and CA724 results in better diagnostic value for Hp -positive early-stage gastric cancer., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Based on data from 839 comparable sections (sites) of the national surface water environmental quality monitoring network from 2012 to 2020, the variation tendency of surface water environmental quality over the past nine years was analyzed. The results showed that the environmental quality of surface water in China has continuously improved, the proportion of Grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ water quality increased steadily, and the proportion of inferior Grade Ⅴ water quality decreased in succession. The annual average concentration of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and permanganate index all showed a decreasing trend annually; compared with those in 2012, the three indicator concentrations respectively declined 75.9%, 48.2%, and 17.5% by 2020. In Guangxi, Hainan, and Ningxia, the proportion of Grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ water quality sections was maintained at 100%, whereas Hubei and Jiangxi showed a consecutive decreasing trend, and the other provinces showed a consecutive increasing trend. In Guangxi, Hainan, Ningxia, Hunan, and Fujian, the proportion of inferior Grade Ⅴ water quality sections remained at 0, and the other provinces showed a decreasing trend yearly. The annual average concentration of total phosphorus in Guangxi and Jiangxi and the permanganate index in Hubei, Hainan, and Liaoning increased annually, whereas that in the other provinces decreased to varying degrees. The proportion of Grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ water quality sections in Ten Major basins showed a fluctuating upward trend. The proportion of inferior Grade Ⅴ water quality in the Zhejiang and Fujian Slice Rivers was maintained at 0, and the other river basins showed a fluctuating and declining trend. The annual average of the main pollution indicators all decreased to varying degrees. In 2020, 53% of 32 important lakes were eutrophic, which increased 12% compared to that in 2012. On the whole, surface water quality has generally improved in China during the past nine years; especially since the 13 th Five-Year Plan period, remarkable achievements have been made in the prevention and control of water pollution. However, there are differences among various provinces and basins, the improvement in water environmental quality is unbalanced and uncoordinated, water resources are distributed unevenly, and the eutrophication trend of lakes and reservoirs is not optimistic. In the future, water resources, water environment, and water ecology should be overall managed, and great attention should be focused on precise pollution control and ecological restoration of surface water.

Bryophytes have been used in many fields, such as landscaping and soil and water conservation. How-ever, few studies focused on moss regeneration and its influencing factors, which retards the application study. Three common desiccation-tolerant mosses ( Barbula unguiculata , Didymodon vinealis , and Didymodon tectorum ) in the Loess Plateau region were collected across four seasons. We measured vigor index of new shoots, representing vegetative regeneration capacity, and physiological indices, which included the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA), to determine seasonal differences in regeneration capacity and physiological characteristics of the three mosses, as well as their relationships. The results showed that, 1) vegetative regeneration of mosses showed significantly seasonal differences. The vigor index of the three mosses in summer were the lowest, averagely decreased by 56.1%, 48.4%, and 10.1% compared with that in autumn, winter, and spring, respectively. The vigor index of the three mosses in the same season showed interannual variation. 2) There were considerable differences in the regeneration capacity of mosses across species. D. tectorum and B. unguiculata had the highest and lowest vigor indices, respectively. In terms of regeneration capacity, B. unguiculata had the largest seasonal and interannual variations. 3) The physiological characteristics of mosses had seaonal variations. The mosses collected in the summer had the highest MDA content but the lowest contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein. 4) Seasonal variations in desiccation-tolerant moss regeneration were mostly due to soluble sugar. Our results showed seasonal variations of vegetative propagation capacity, and highlighted the role of soluble sugar as a critical factor influencing vegetative propagation of mosses. These findings could provide scientific support for moss protection and artificial cultivation.

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are the mixed community composed of different ratios of cyanobacteria, mosses, and lichens at the slope scale in the Hilly Loess Plateau region. Biocrusts significantly affect water infiltration in this area. The relationship between infiltration rate and community structure of mixed biocrusts is unknown, which would hinder the assessment of soil permeability of biocrusts at the slope scale. We measured the stable infiltration rate of cyanobacteria, moss, and mixed biocrusts with different proportions of cyanobacteria and moss including moss coverage of <15%, 15%-30%, 30%-45%, 45%-60% and >60%, respectively. The principal component analysis and path analysis were used to understand the influencing factors of stable infiltration rate of mixed biocrusts, and to clarify the relationship between the stable infiltration rate and the community structure of mixed biocrusts. The results showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of cyanobacteria and moss crusts was 0.66 mm·min -1 and 2.40 mm·min -1 , respectively. The stable infiltration rates of mixed biocrusts with moss coverage <15% to >60% were 0.80-2.30 mm·min -1 . The stable infiltration rate of mixed biocrusts at the slope scale depended on moss coverage and its improvement on soil pore structure, with the correlation coefficients being 0.636 ( P =0.011) and 0.835 ( P =0.000) respectively. Herein, the saturated hydraulic conductivity and coverage of cyanobacteria and moss confirmed the weighted prediction of water infiltration volume ( y ) i.e ., a significant correlation ( r =0.945) with the measured water infiltration volume ( x ) of mixed biocrusts. The linear fitting of measured and predicted water infiltration volume of mixed biocrusts was y =0.85 x ( R 2 =0.98, P <0.05). This study clarified the relationship between water infiltration of mixed biocrust community composition and individual biocrust composition, which provided a scientific basis for accurately evaluating the hydrological process of biocrusts in this area.

Compounds(1-6) were isolated and identified from 90% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of Cassia occidentalis through column chromatography with silica gel, ODS, and Sephadex LH-20. These compounds were identified as 7-hydroxy-5-(3-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-2-methyl-4H-chromen-4-one(1), saccharonol A(2), S-6-hydroxymullein(3), 2-methyl-5-acetonyl-7-hydroxy-chromone(4), 2-(2'-hydroxypropyl)-5-methyl-7-hydroxychromone(5) and 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone(6) based on their physicochemical and spectroscopic data. Among them, compound 1 was a new compound, and all the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. DPPH method was employed to determine the antioxidant activities of these compounds in vitro. Six compounds exhibited weak antioxidant activities.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Dong 's Sanqixue combined with auricular point sticking on post-operative complications of complex anal fistula., Methods: The data of 318 patients undergoing anal fistula surgery were analyzed retrospectively. In accordance with whether accepted the combined treatment with EA at bilateral Dong 's Sanqixue and auricular point sticking or not after operation, they were divided into an observation group (157 cases) and a control group (161 cases). At the ratio of 1︰1, the nearest neighbor matching method was adopted to match 125 pairs of patients. The score of visual analogue scale (VAS) on day 1, 7 and 14 after operation, the incidence of urine retention on day 1 and 3 after operation, the anorectal dynamical indexs (anal resting pressure, rectal resting pressure, anal maximum systolic pressure and rectal minimum sensitivity) before and after operation, as well as the clinical therapeutic effect were compared in the patients between the two groups separately., Results: For VAS score, there was an interaction between therapeutic method and treatment duration ( P <0.05); the main effect was significant for therapeutic method ( P <0.05), while, it was not significant for treatment time ( P >0.05). On day 7 and 14 after operation, VAS scores were lower than those on day 1 in the two groups ( P <0.05), and VAS scores on day 7 and 14 after operation in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05). On day 3 after operation, the incidence of urine retention in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (0.8% [1/125] vs 9.6% [12/125], P <0.05). On day 14 after operation, anal resting pressure, anal maximum systolic pressure and rectal minimum sensitivity in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05), and rectal resting pressure was higher than that in the control group ( P <0.05). In 1 month after operation, the total effective rate was 96.0% (120/125) in the observation group, higher than 80.8% (101/125) in the control group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Electroacupuncture at Dong 's Sanqixue combined with auricular point sticking therapy alleviates pain, reduces the incidence of urine retention, improves anal defecation function and clinical therapeutic effect in the patients after complex anal fistula surgery.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture at lower- he acupoints and front- mu acupoints combined with Tongxieyaofang (TXYF) for diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) of liver depression and spleen deficiency, and to explore its possible mechanism., Methods: A total of 123 IBS-D patients with syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency were randomly divided into an acupuncture+TXYF group, a TXYF group and a medication group, 41 cases in each group. The patients in TXYF group were treated with oral administration of TXYF, three times a day. The patients in acupuncture+TXYF group were treated with oral administration of TXYF and routine acupuncture at Shangjuxu (ST 37), Tianshu (ST 25), Taichong (LR 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Zusanli (ST 36), once a day. The patients in medication group were treated with oral administration of pinaverium bromide, 50 mg, three times a day. All the treatment was given for four weeks. The total score of TCM syndrome scale, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores as well as the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive peptide (VIP) and MAPK signal pathway indicators of ERK1 mRNA and ERK2 mRNA were compared before and after treatment; the clinical effect was also compared., Results: After treatment, the total score of TCM syndrome scale and SAS and SDS scores in each group were significantly reduced ( P <0.05), and the scores in the acupuncture+TXYF group were lower than those in TXYF group and medication group ( P <0.05). The total effective rate was 87.8% (36/41) in the acupuncture+TXYF group, which was higher than 78.0% (32/41) in the TXYF group and 68.3% (28/41) in the medication group ( P <0.05). After treatment, the levels of CGRP and VIP in each group were decreased ( P <0.05), and the levels in the acupuncture+TXYF group were lower than those in the TXYF group and the medication group ( P <0.05). After treatment, the levels of ERK1 mRNA and ERK2 mRNA in each group were decreased ( P <0.05), and the levels in acupuncture+TXYF group were lower than those in medication group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The acupuncture at lower- he acupoints and front- mu acupoints combined with TXYF could effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms, improve anxiety and depression in IBS-D patients with syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency, and its mechanism may be related to regulating the expression of ERK1 mRNA and ERK2 mRNA in MAPK signaling pathway, and reducing the serum levels of CGRP and VIP.

Forty-one metal elements, including rare earth elements and the lead isotope ratio in rain water in Xiamen were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Sources of metal elements were identified by combined enrichment factor, isotope analysis, and positive matrix factorization analysis. The results showed that the concentration sequence of total metal elements in rainwater in Xiamen was winter-suburban (213.964 μg·L -1 ) > winter-urban (176.357 μg·L -1 ) > summer-suburban (75.401 μg·L -1 ). There were seasonal and regional differences in the content of rare earth elements, and their standardized distribution patterns were inconsistent with each potential source, indicating that their sources were relatively complex. Enrichment factor analysis showed that Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd were significantly affected by human sources, whereas Be, Ti, V, Mn, Cr, Co, Ga, Rb, Y, Cs, rare earth elements, Th, and U were mainly affected by natural sources. The result of Pb-isotopic-analysis showed that Pb in rainwater was significantly affected by coal sources with a contribution rate of 63.67%, and soil parent material, garbage incineration, motor vehicle exhaust, and cement dust with a contribution rate of 36.33%. The result of positive matrix factorization combined with the enrichment factor and isotope method showed that the metal elements in rainwater were affected by coal burning, natural sources, industry, and traffic.

In order to understand the sources and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the PM 2.5 fraction of road dust and soil dust in Nanchang city, PM 2.5 samples were collected by a resuspension sampler and the concentrations of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected. The results showed that the ΣPAHs of the road dust ranged from 48.85 to 166.16 μg·kg -1 , with a mean of (114.22±39.95) μg·kg -1 . The ΣPAHs of the soil dust ranged from 31.05 to 62.92 μg·kg -1 with a mean of (40.79±9.39) μg·kg -1 . The PAHs in the PM 2.5 fraction of fugitive dust were mainly composed of 4-5 rings. The results of the principal component analysis and multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the PAHs in PM 2.5 samples of road dust mainly originated from motor vehicle emissions, coal sources, and oil leakage, with contribution rates of 51.7% and 48.3%, respectively. For children and adult males, the carcinogenic risk values of PAHs in different exposure pathways followed the order dermal contact > ingestion > inhalation, while those for adult females followed the order ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. For all exposure pathways, the carcinogenic risks of the PAHs to adults were higher than those to children. For all populations, the total carcinogenic risk values of the PAHs were lower than the US EPA recommended carcinogenic risk threshold of 10 -6 , indicating no carcinogenic risk.

To explore the effects of small watersheds with different ecological managements on soil properties, the spatial differences of soil organic matter (SOM), bulk density (BD), and clay content (CC) in the four facets, including slope aspect, slope position, zone, and soil layer, were analyzed between Yangjiagou (YJG, artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest watershed) and Dongzhuanggou (DZG, closed grassland watershed). The results showed that SOM, BD and CC were 12.78 g·kg -1 , 1.24 g·cm -3 , 19.2% for YJG and 11.13 g·kg -1 , 1.21 g·cm -3 , 18.2% for DZG, respectively. The values for YJG were slightly higher than those for DZG, but the difference was insignificant. All indices in the east slope were bigger than those in the west slope. Across different slope positions, the variation of BD was small, SOM and CC showed increasing trends from top to bottom. BD and CC declined downward the watershed, whereas SOM changed in an opposite trend. From the soil surface down to 60 cm soil depth, BD and CC increased and SOM decreased. The spatial sensitivity followed CC > SOM > BD, and the effects of the spatial factors can be ordered as soil layer > zone > slope aspect > slope position. There were significant differences in CC of the upper reaches, BD and CC of the middle reaches between the two basins. The sensitivity of each index to slope position, zone and soil layer in YJG was lower than that in DZG.

A total of ten compounds were isolated from the 90% Et OH extract of Cassia siamea by using various chormatographic techniques,and their structures were established as( 2' S)-2-( propan-2'-ol)-5,7-dihydroxy-benzopyran-4-one( 1),chrobisiamone( 2), 2-( 2'-hydroxypropyl)-5-methyl-7-hydroxychromone( 3), 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone( 4), 2-methyl-5-acetonyl-7-hydroxychromone( 5),3-O-methylquercetin( 6),3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavonone( 7),luteolin-5,3'-dimethylether( 8),4-( trans)-acetul-3,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-dihydronapht halenone( 9) and 6-hydroxymellein( 10) based on the spectroscopic data.Compound 1 was a new compound,and 3,4,6,8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Penicillin is the most widely used and longest-lived antibiotic in the pharmaceutical industry. It belongs to the bio-fermentation chass of drugs, with a large amount of fermentation exhaust containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated during the process of penicillin production, which have a serious impact on the environment. In this study, the pollution characteristics of the fermented exhaust are studied by using investigation and testing the souces of the pollution and via a health risk assessment model. The main results show that 23 kinds of VOCs were detected in the penicillin fermentation exhaust. The main pollutants included vinyl acetate trifluorotrichloroethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, and methylene chloride. In the heating stage, holding stage, cooling stage, and fermentation stage, the proportion of chlorinated hydrocarbons was the highest, followed by esters, and the total amount of these two kinds of substances accounted for more than 90% of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs). Using the model of health risk assessment, the noncarcinogenic risk value of the total fermented exhaust was 4.98×10 -5 , which estimating the risk value by concentration gradient expansion is much lower than the maximum acceptable level (5×10 -5 a -1 ) recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP), which will not cause certain non-carcinogenic risk to the exposed population. VOCs in fermentation exhaust also have carcinogenic effects on human beings. The main health hazards to humans are 1,3-butadiene, dichloromethane, methyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, and 1,1-dichloroethane.

Cyathula capitate is the main adulterant of C.offinalis. According to the literature reported, there are obvious differences in properties, taste and pharmacological activity between C. capitate and C.offinalis. Therefore, C. capitate can only be used as a local conventional medicine and can't be a substitute for C. offinalis. Since the appearance of C.capitata is very similar to the C.offinalis and the content of cyasterone also can reach the limit of the current pharmacopoeia standard, the C.capitata is mostly sold in the form of impersonation oradmixture, which seriously affected the safety of the clinical medication and the development of the genuine crude drugs. In view of this, HPLC characteristic fingerprint was used to reveal the difference of multi-ingredients of C. offinalis, C. capitata and their admixture. According to the HPLC chromatogram of C.offinalis, C. capitata. and their admixture, 65 different components were obtained to set up a peak area data matrix of 26×65, which was applied to perform the characteristic peak difference analysis, similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis HCA and principal component analysis (PCA). Characteristic peak difference analysis showed that the characteristic peaks of C. capitata and their admixture are more and higher respond than those of C. offinalis. The 9 characteristic peaks were used to distinguish C. capitata, 2 of which were used to distinguish C. offinalis mixed with 5% C. capitata. UV spectra of 9 characteristic peaks are mostly similar to the end absorption spectra of saponins, indicating that C. capitata may contain a large amount of saponins. By the reference fingerprint of C.offinalis established, the similarity analysis showed that the similarity degree of C. offinalis are higher than 0.942, while the similarity degree of C. capitata, C.offinalis mixed with 5% C. capitata are less than 0.383 and 0.399. C.offinalis, C. capitata, C.offinalis mixed with 5% C. capitata could be obviously divided into 3 classes by HCA and PCA. These results showed that there are obvious difference in the chemical composition of C. offinalis, C. capitata and their admixture, which could provide evidence for their identification., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

The variations of total nitrogen, available nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen caused by simulated grazing disturbance were investigated in the sixth and twelfth months by using field survey combined with laboratory analysis in order to reveal the sensitivity of nitrogen content in biocrustal soils to disturbance in the hilly Loess Plateau region. The results showed that nitrogen contents in biocrustal soil were sensitive to disturbance. Total nitrogen and available nitrogen in the biocrustal layers were decreased by 0.17-0.39 g·kg -1 and 1.78-5.65 mg·kg -1 during the first half-year compared to the undisturbed treatment, and they were found respectively decreased by 0.13-0.40 g·kg -1 and 11.45-32.68 mg·kg -1 one year later since disturbance. The content of microbial biomass nitrogen in the biocrustal layer was reduced by 69.99-330.97 mg·kg -1 , whereas the content was increased by 25.51-352.17 mg·kg -1 in soil of 0-2 cm layer. The induction of nitrogen accumulation depended on the intensity of disturbance. Slight variation was observed in the nitrogen accumulation in biocrustal layer under 20% and 30% disturbance, while significant reduction was found in the 40% and 50% disturbance. Significant reduction was detected only in nitrogen accumulation in the biocrustal layers, whereas no significant influence was found in the top 5 cm soil layer.

The effect of trampling disturbance on soil infiltration of biological soil crusts was investigated by using simulated rainfall. The results showed that the trampling disturbance significantly increased soil surface roughness. The increasing extent depended on the disturbance intensity. Soil surface roughness values at 50% disturbance increased by 91% compared with the undisturbed treatment. The runoff was delayed by trampling disturbance. A linear increase in the time of runoff yield was observed along with the increasing disturbance intensity within 20%-50%. The time of runoff yield at 50% disturbance increased by 169.7% compared with the undisturbed treatment. Trampling disturbance increased soil infiltration and consequently decreased the runoff coefficient. The cumulative infiltration amount at 50% disturbance increased by 12.6% compared with the undisturbed treatment. Soil infiltration significant decreased when biocrusts were removed. The cumulative infiltration of the treatment of biocrusts removal decreased by 30.2% compared with the undisturbed treatment. Trampling disturbance did not significantly increase the soil loss when the distur bance intensity was lower than 50%, while the biocrusts removal resulted in 10 times higher in soil erosion modulus. The trampling disturbance of lower than 50% on biocrusts might improve soil infiltration and reduce the risk of runoff, thus might improve the soil moisture without obviously increa sing the soil loss.

The objective of the research was to study the correlations between near infrared spectra and molecular structures of 20 standard amino acids. It was to establish the theoretical foundation for widely use of the amino acids near infrared spectra in animal science, food and medicine. Measurement of the near infrared spectra was performed using a Shimadzu Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer IRPrestige-21, with FlexIRTM Near-Infrared Fiber Optics module. The spectrometric data acquisitions were performed by Shimadzu IRsolution 1.50 system. The spectrometric room temperature was 25 ℃ and humidity was 38%. Spectra of 20 amino acid standard substances were collected by reflectance mode from 1 000 to 2 502 nm in 8 cm-1 increment. Each sample was scanned in three times, each scan was 50 cycles, and the average value of three times scan result was used for each sample. Based on the differences of amino acids side chains, the correlations between near infrared spectra and molecular structures were compared in the fat family amino acids, aromatic amino acids and heterocycle amino acids. The result shows that all 20 standard amino acids have very specific absorption line patterns. It is distinctly different in these absorption line patterns. Near-infrared spectra of high molecular weight fat family amino acids are affected by side chains. Near-infrared spectra of glycine are affected by carboxyl and amino. The differences of near-infrared spectra between two aromatic amino acids are in benzene ring. —OH groups on benzene ring of tyrosine lower the symmetry of benzene molecule. It leads to the emergence of more vibration absorption. Near-infrared spectra of heterocycle amino acids are distinctly different in 1 000～2 502 nm because of side chains. In conclusion, there are four different characteristic spectral regions. The first one is 1 050～1 200 nm spectral region which is composed mainly of second-order frequency doubling of C—H group. The second is 1 300～1 500 nm spectral region which is composed mainly of combination tune of C—H group. Due to side chains of amino acid have different molecular structure, they yield a complete set of near infrared fingerprint spectra between 1 600～1 850 and 2 000～2 502 nm. In another words, these four characteristic regions of near infrared spectra can be used to build the model of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis for amino acid, and improves the accuracy and reliability of model.

As a sensing device, microfiber knot resonator (MKR) has been widely used in sensing field due to its advantages of high sensitivity and fast response. It is important to analyze the spectrum of MKR for detecting environmental parameters in that the spectrum can reflect the change of ambient environment. In this paper, the relationship between spectrum of MKR and seawater temperature has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Firstly, the dependences of the propagation constants of fundamental mode (HE11) on the fiber diameter and the probing wavelength are studied theoretically in this paper, including two orthogonal polarization states of fundamental mode. The calculated results show that the propagation constant increases with the increasing fiber diameter and the decreasing probing wavelength. Simultaneously, the dependence of propagation constant of fundamental mode on seawater temperature is studied. The results show that the larger propagation constant corresponds to the higher seawater temperature, which indicates that the seawater temperature affect the mode propagation constant. Thus, the seawater temperature can be obtained by detecting the resonant spectrum. Secondly, the experimental system for seawater temperature sensing is set up, with which the resonant spectrum of MKR for seawater temperature sensing are obtained. The experimental results show that two sets of resonant peak exist on the spectrum, which are corresponding to TE and TM modes of fundamental mode. The sensing sensitivities of the two polarization modes are 5.54 pm/°C and 5.24pm/°C, respectively. Finally, the reason for resonant spectrum of the two polarization states is discussed, which is that the separation of the two modes resulting from the twisted coupler of the knot zone, and the resonant intensity of the two polarization modes is analyzed. The resonant intensities of the two modes are different and one increases while the other one decreases with the increasing probing wavelength. It is determined by the coupling coefficients and attenuations of the two coupled states，which are affected by the probing wavelength. The experimental and theoretical results agree well.

This paper proposes a method to monitor atmospheric HCHO and CHOCHO with high temporal resolution based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) in Shanghai urban area. Based on the characteristic absorbing structure of HCHO and CHOCHO, different fitting intervals were chosen for spectral analysis in order to avoid the absorption of interfering gases and reduce the residuals of spectral analysis. The resulting optical thickness of the target gas is used to obtain HCHO and CHOCHO concentrations, which were averaged at (4.0±1.6) and (3.4±1.2) μg·m-3 in October 2013, respectively. The averaged concentrations of HCHO in workdays were higher than those in holidays due to the impacts of its anthropogenic emission sources, while no obvious differences of averaged CHOCHO concentrations between workdays and holidays were observed. Diurnal patterns of HCHO and CHOCHO were alike. In the early morning, both the HCHO and CHOCHO concentrations peaked at 06:00—07:00, and then decreased rapidly to the minimum around 09:00. Afterwards, the concentrations increased continuously until sunset and kept in a relatively stable level in the evening. To explore the possible emission source and formation mechanism of atmospheric HCHO, four typical periods, i.e. steady-state stage at night, morning rush hours, photochemical reaction stage and evening rush hours, were classified for source apportionment.NO2 is regarded as the indicator for primary source of ambient HCHO.As the intermediate products of photochemical reactions, HCHO has a similar formation mechanism in common with CHOCHO. Therefore, it is reasonable to use CHOCHO as an indicator for secondary source of ambient HCHO. The linear regression analysis showed a good agreement between modeled and observed HCHO concentrations, the correlation coefficients R2 ranged from 0.60 to 0.81. Secondary sources of HCHO were estimated to contribute to one third of ambient HCHO concentrations in Shanghai urban area.

Diffuse attenuation coefficient (K(d)) is an important parameter in water body optics. The spectral characteristics of K(d) in Lake Taihu and its impact factors were analyzed using the in situ measured data from 2006-2009. Then, empirical models and semi-analysis models were built based on the GOCI data to estimate K(d), in order to find a suitable retrieval model for GOCI and analyze the spatial and temporal variations of diffuse attenuation coefficient in Lake Taihu. The result indicates that: (1) The main impact factor of diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm is the non-algal particles absorption coefficient, and the combination model with GOCI bands 4, 5 and 7, namely the near infrared band, the red band and the green band, has the highest precision for the inversion of K(d) (490); (2) the range of K(d) of Lake Taihu distributes between 0 to 15 m(-1), and that can be divided into three levels generally, i. e., the range of the low value between 0-4 m(-1), the range of the medium value between 4-8 m(-1), and the range of the high value between 8-15 m(-1). While, occasionally, some values are higher than 15 m(-1); (3) the K(d) of Lake Taihu distributes with notable spatial and temporal difference. At the view of spatial distribution, the K(d) values get higher from the east to the west of Lake Taihu; from the perspective of time, the K(d) is relatively high in the morning and then shows a tendency of gradually reduce with the time.

This study aimed to characterize soil respiration along eroded sloping land at erosion and deposition area under different soil organic carbon(SOC) levels, and linked the relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature, soil moisture, SOC and slope position. Experiments were carried out in the plots of S type slopes include five different soil organic carbon levels in the Loess Hilly Region. The S type slopes were divided into control area at the top of the slope, erosion area at the middle of the slope and deposition area at the toe of the slope. We found that soil temperature had a greater impact on soil respiration in the deposition area, whereas soil moisture had a greater impact on soil respiration in the erosion area compared among control area, erosion area and deposition area. In addition, SOC was the most important factor affecting soil respiration, which can explain soil respiration variation 54. 72%, followed by soil moisture, slope position and soil temperature, which explain soil respiration variation 18. 86% , 16. 13% and 10. 29%, respectively. Soil respiration response to erosion showed obvious on-site and off-site effects along the eroded sloping land. Soil respiration in the erosion area was reduced by 21. 14% compared with control area, and soil respiration in the deposition area was increased by 21. 93% compared with control area. Erosion effect on source and sink of carbon emission was correlated with SOC content of the eroded sloping land. When SOC content was higher than 6. 82 g.kg-1, the slope. erosion tended to be a carbon sequestration process, and when SOC content was lower than 3.03 g.kg-1, the slope erosion tended to be a process of the carbon emission source. The model could reflect the relationship between soil respiration and independent variables of soil organic carbon content, soil temperature and moisture.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common preventable and treatable disease, is characterized by airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways. Its main pathological manifestations include airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, oxidative stress and apoptotic epithelial cells. Recent research suggests that MAP kinases and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway are involved in the pathological process of inflammation and oxidative stress. This review explores the potential role of the cross talk of these signaling pathways in airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, oxidative stress and apoptotic epithelial cells. To clarify the roles of cross talk between MAP kinases and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, we also focus on the drugs related to that in the treatment of COPD, and it provides ideas for more drug research in the treatment of COPD.

Purpose: To establish animal model with peri-implantitis after immediate implantation and study bone defect characteristics by Micro-CT., Methods: Implants were immediately planted in the first mandibular anterior tooth of 12 rabbits. Silk ligatures were placed around one side of the implants to induce peri-implantitis. Micro-CT was used to evaluate bone defect at different periods after implantation., Results: Silk ligatures around the implants were effective to induce peri-implantitis. With the development of peri-implantitis, implants can not be well integrated with bone. Bone defect was gradually produced and then aggravated, and finally formed typical "V-type" bone defect., Conclusions: The establishment of animal model with peri-implantitis is simple and effective, which provides important references for relative studies in the field of peri-implantitis.

Spectral absorption properties of the water constituents is the main factor affecting the light field under the surface of the water and the spectrum above the surface of the water. Thus, the study is useful for understanding of the water spectral property and the remote reversing of water quality parameters. Absorption properties of total suspended particles, non-algal particles, phytoplankton and CDOM were analyzed using the 30 samples collected in July 2013 in the estuary of Zhujiang River. The results indicated that: (1) the non-algal particles absorption dominated the absorption of the total suspended particles; (2) the absorption coefficient of the non-algal particles, which mainly came from the terrigenous deposits, decreased exponentially from short to long wavelength. In addition, the average value and spatial variation of the slope S(d) were higher than those in inland case- II waters; (3) the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton in 440 nm showed a better polynomial relationship with chlorophyll a concentration, while the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton in 675 nm linearly related with the chlorophyll a concentration. Moreover, the influence of accessory pigments on phytoplankton absorption coefficient mainly existed in the range of short wavelength, and Chlorophyll a was the main influencing factor for phytoplankton absorption in long wavelength. The specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton decreased the power exponentially with the increase of the chlorophyll a concentration; (4) CDOM mainly came from the terrigenous sources and its spectral curve had an absorption shoulder between 250-290 nm. Thus, a piecewise S(g) fitting function could effectively express CDOM absorption properties, i.e., M value and S(g) value in period A (240-260 nm) showed a strong positive correlation. The M value was low, and the humic acid had a high proportion in CDOM; (5) the non-algal particles absorption dominated the total absorption in the estuary of Zhujiang River, and the contribution of the phytoplankton absorption to the total absorption was far lower than that of the non-algal particles. While the contribution of the CDOM was the lowest. The contribution of the CDOM absorption to the total absorption was relatively larger when the content of humic acid was higher.

An aerobic SBR biological wastewater treatment system was adopted to measure the N2O production and nitrogen removal using aerobic granular sludge nitrification process under 0, 5, 10 g x L(-1) salinity conditions. The results showed that the N2O production increased with the increase of salinity concentration. At three salinity levels (0, 5, 10 g x L(-1)), the dissolved N2O production was 1.21, 8.99, 24.81 mg x m(-3), respectively, and the released N2O was 0.95, 3.46, 16.45 mg x m(-3), respectively. The N2O release rates at the 5 g x L(-1) and 10 g x L(-1) salinity levels were 3.6 and 17.4 times as high as that at the 0 g x L(-1) salinity level. Under various salinity conditions both the dissolved and releasing state N2O production first increased and then decreased, and the dissolved N2O production was greater than that in the releasing state. In addition, when the salinity was low (less than 5 g x L(-1)), the NH4(+)-N removal rate was less affected and almost the same with the condition of 0 g x L(-1), both over 98%. When the salinity was increased to 10 g x L(-1), the NH4(+)-N removal rate dropped to 70%. Thus, increasing the salinity of wastewater not only affected the system nitrogen removal rate but also increased the amount of N2O production.

This study was aimed to investigate the changes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) activity and the cytokines system in the hypothalamus of the depressive rats which were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stressors (CUMS) after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). By means of qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot, mRNA and/or protein expressions of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), tumor necrosis factors-α (TNF-α), suppressor of cytokines signaling 3 (SOCS3), phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) were measured in the hypothalamus of rats. The results showed that, compared with control group, CUMS+MCAO group exhibited increased mRNA levels of CRF, TNF-α, SOCS3, as well as up-regulated CRF, TNF-α, SOCS3 and pSTAT3 protein expressions. Furthermore, there were correlations between CRF and TNF-α, TNF-α and SOCS3, SOCS3 and pSTAT3, respectively. These observations indicated the CRF system was activated in the post stroke depression (PSD) status. The TNF-α and its signaling pathway, STAT3/SOCS3, were up-regulated in mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, this study presents the evidence which supports the hypothesis of signaling cross-talk between the CRF system and TNF-α signaling pathway after ischemic stroke and CUMS.

Objective: To explore mechanism of acupuncture for renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) in hypertension rats., Methods: Twenty-four 24-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into a model group, a perindopril group and an acupuncture group, eight cases in each one. In the acupuncture group, with rats tied up, electroacupuncture was applied at bilateral "Quchi" (LI 11) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) under mild vibration of needle handle for 20 min, once a day. In the perindopril group, perindopril (0.4 mg/kg) suspension liquid was applied for intragastric administration, once a day. In the model group, rats were tied up for 20 min a day without any treatment. Eight same-age same-race Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats with normal blood pressure were taken as a control group, which was given with free diet but no treatment. The treatment was reuqired for six weeks. The systolic blood pressure of caudal artery was tested. Kidney morphological structure was observed by HE coloration. Deposition optical density of type I and III collagen in kidney was tested by immunohistochemistry. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method., Results: Compared with the model group, the blood pressure was significantly decreased in the acupuncture group (P < 0.01), the damage of kidney morphology was minor, positive depositional area of type I and III collagen was obviously decreased (both P < 0.05), and the expression of semi-quantitative analysis of TGF-beta1 mRNA was decreased (P < 0.05), which had similar effect as western medication perindopril., Conclusion: Acupuncture at "Quchi" (LI 11) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) probably intervenes the process of RIF by reducing synthesis of kidney type I , III collagen and restraining expression of TGF-beta1.