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Financial budget management is an integral part of corporate governance, critically important for managing, controlling, coordinating and assessing internal resources. However, many enterprises still face challenges in financial budgeting, including unscientific target setting, slow execution control and ineffective budget outcome prediction. Although the advancement of digital and intelligent technologies offers strong support for mitigating these issues, it fail to address them fundamentally. Parallel intelligence theory, by creating artificial systems parallel to the real one and leveraging their virtual-real feedback and parallel execution, can realize description, prediction and prescription of financial budgeting, thereby enhancing the scientific accuracy of budget targets, the controllability of the budget process and the reliability of budget outcomes. This paper combined parallel intelligence theory with financial budgeting to propose a new paradigm of parallel financial budgeting. It provided a viable technological framework and theoretical guidance for the deep integration of business and finance as well as intelligent services supported by it in complex environments, fostering intelligent transformation and innovation in corporate financial budget management. The paper delineated the concept of parallel financial budgeting, presented its fundamental framework, and discussed its key characteristics and supporting technologies.

Objective To compare the cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes before and after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) and perioperative events in patients with unilateral symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, so as to provide references for patients to choose surgical methods. Methods Forty⁃three patients with unilateral symptomatic moderate to severe carotid artery stenosis (＞50%) were recruited from January 2018 to June 2020, including 19 cases in CEA group and 24 cases in CAS group. The dynamic changes of CBF values and perioperative events between 2 groups were compared. Results The hospitalization fee (t=⁃11.850, P=0.000) and the incidence of postoperative hypotension (χ2=3.634, P=0.022), bradycardia (χ2=3.634, P=0.022) and new DWI high signal (χ2=18.734, P=0.000) in CAS group were higher than those in CEA group. There were significant differences in heart rate (F=65.403, P=0.000), diastolic blood pressure (F=6.980, P=0.012), CBF values of the affected side and the healthy side (F=7.717, P=0.008; F=15.170, P=0.000) between 2 groups before and after operation. There were also significant differences in heart rate (F=2.452, P=0.048), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (F=13.296, P=0.001; F=5.814, P=0.020), CBF values of the affected side and the healthy side (F=48.959, P=0.000; F=57.758, P=0.000) between 2 groups at different observation time points. In CEA group the heart rate on the 1st to 3rd day after operation was higher than that before operation (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.003). The CBF values of the affected side on the 3rd and 7th day after operation (P=0.000, 0.001) and the CBF values of the healthy side on the 3rd day after operation (P=0.000) were higher than those before operation. In CAS group, the heart rate on the 1st and 2nd day after operation was lower than that before operation (P=0.000, 0.005). The CBF values of the affected side (P=0.000, 0.000) and healthy side (P=0.000, 0.000) on the 3rd and 7th day after operation were higher than those before operation. Conclusions The dynamic changes of CBF values, blood pressure and heart rate in the early stage after CEA and CAS were different, so we should choose the appropriate individualized treatment options for different patients to achieve better therapeutic effect.

Objective To explore the value of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods Clinical data of 104 patients (92 males and 12 females) with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing preoperative neoadjuvant therapy in our center from January 2016 to June 2020 were collected and analyzed. Blood routine test was carried out in 3 d before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, including neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count and platelet count. Then NLR, platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR) were calculated respectively. Iodine water radiography and chest enhanced CT scanning were carried out before and after neoadjuvant treatment, so as to determine the regression grade of tumor. The survival status of all patients was followed up for 4~53 months. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze the difference of continuous variables between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to evaluate the predictive effect and the best cut-off value of NLR. Chi-square test was performed to analyze the correlation between NLR and clinical characteristics. Logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were adopted respectively to investigate the independent predictors of neoadjuvant remission as well as the independent prognostic factors of overall survival (OS). Results Among the 104 enrolled patients, there were 0, 38, 54 and 12 cases who achieved complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), stable disease (SD) and progression disease (PD) criteria respectively after neoadjuvant therapy. NLR before treatment was revealed to be an independent predictor of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy remission (OR=0.404, 95%CI: 0.208~0.787, P=0.008). ROC curve showed that NLR had a moderate predictive effect on neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy remission (AUC=0.737, 95% CI: 0.631~0.844, P < 0.001), and the optimal cut-off value was 2.77, with the corresponding sensitivity and specificity of 0.712 and 0.737, respectively. However, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that only surgery following neoadjuvant therapy was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR=0.258, 95% CI: 0.068~0.983, P=0.047). Conclusion NLR before treatment may be an independent predictor of clinical remission after neoadjuvant therapy for ESCC patients, but it may not be suitable for OS prediction.

In order to investigate the stress distribution between grain particles and the distribution of relative static friction between grain particles and silo walls, the ideal elastic-plastic constitutive relationship and Drucker-prager yield criterion were used to simulate grain storage considering the effect of grain compressibility on the shear dilatancy parameters. The finite element model of the positive pressure and relative static friction between the barn wall and the grain was established. The relative static friction and positive pressure between the barn wall and the grain at different grain loading heights were simulated respectively, and the distribution law of the relative static friction coefficient of the barn wall at different grain loading depths was found. The results show that the relative static friction coefficients are different at different grain filling heights. The specific performance is that with the increase of depth, the coefficient increases first and then decreases. It can be seen that the interaction force between grain particles and the static friction force between grain particles and silo wall have very important guiding significance for the measurement of grain weight.

On the basis of heat transfer theory,the bulk temperature field of constantly no clearance precision steel ball transmission is studied and the formulas of relative sliding velocity,maximum contact stress,and friction coefficient are derived.Meantime,the mathematical models of heat flux of engagement pairs and convention heat transfer coefficient of each region are established. By the use of FEM software,the bulk temperature field of engagement pairs are evaluated. Besides,the effects on bulk temperature field caused by design parameters and working parameters are analyzed. It is shown that the bulk temperature of central plate is higher than that of planetary plate and the bulk temperature field is apparently influenced by design. The research findings lay a theoretical foundation for the thermo-elastic coupling analysis and reliability study of constantly no clearance precision steel ball transmission.

Based on the generating theory of the pinion of spiral bevel gears and the relative motion theory,the tooth flank equation with the work head setting high order modification formula is established. According to the manufacturing parameters of the working gear flank of a spiral bevel gear set,a program is written on the platform of Matlab to calculate the modified tooth flank coordinates. Through constructing tooth flank form error figures and computing contact zones of the calculated tooth flank,the effects of work head setting high order modification on tooth flank form and contact zone of spiral bevel gears are analyzed,which can provide theoretical basis and valuable reference to facilitate the control of tooth flank form and contact zone of spiral bevel gear.

The principle of double- flank gear measuring is usually adopted by gear screening equipment in workshop. The real quality of gear transmission cannot be obtained because of the test result containing manufacture error in both sides of tooth. To solve this problem,a new type of gear comprehensive roll testing method is studied,combining the gear double meshing gear radial comprehensive deviation detection with the single meshing vibration noise detection,the quality of gear transmission can be comprehensively evaluated. The key techniques,such as automatically aligning tooth,automatic backlash adjust,electric closed coupling loading,measuring and analysis are solved. The complement software is developed,which is applied on YKZ9932 machine manufactured by Tianjin No. 1 Machine Tool Works. According to the test result,the gear transmission quality is reflected more systematically by using this new method.

In order to explore the effect of antibacterial agent on the performance of polycarbonate (PC) materials, the self-made antibacterial agent ZH001 was added to the PC by double screw extrusion granulation method, and the PC antibacterial material with high transparency antibacterial effect was obtained. The melt flow rate, the notch impact strength, tensile strength, bending properties, light transmittance, fog degree, and antibacterial properties of PC materials were tested respectively, and the performance of the PC material was compared with that of the PC materials added with commercially available antibacterial agents. The results show that the toughness of PC increases more when the amount of ZH001 is 0.6%, the notched impact strength of simply supported beam increases from 71.000 kJ/m² to 73.259 kJ/m², and the elongation at break of material increased from 75.000% to 78.425%. The antibacterial agent has little effect on the transparency and fog of PC, the light transmittancethe of PC material with 0.6% ZH001 is 90.2%, and the fog is 9.4%. The PC material with 0.6% ZH001 has excellent antimicrobial effect, with 99.99% antimicrobial rate against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simulated tobacco cutting method based on strip image was developed by incorporating digital image processing technology, and a simulated cut strip length index was introduced. The influence of the rotational interval of strip image on the results of simulated cutting was investigated, and the accuracy of the developed method was verified by paper cutting experiments. The relationships between simulated cut tobacco length and strip's shapes were analyzed, the differences of the simulated cut tobacco length between strips of different sizes were clarified, and the application of the tobacco cutting method to the characterization of the tobacco strip structure was studied. The results showed that: 1) When the strip image was rotated with an interval of 30°, the deviation of the simulated cut tobacco length relative to 1° was 2.84%, and the calculation time reduced by 96.70%. 2) The Pearson correlation of the cut paper length distribution between the simulated cutting and the actual paper cutting was 0.949 3, and the detection deviation of the average length was 6.95%. 3) The simulated cut tobacco length was multivariately non-linearly correlated to the area and length of tobacco strip with a correlation coefficient of 0.950 6. 4) The average lengths of simulated cutting produced from medium and small size strips, scraps and dust showed an approximately 2-fold gradient decreasing trend. 5) The classification limits of the lengths of the simulated cut tobacco produced from large and medium strips, medium and small strips, and small strips, scrap and dust were 22.23, 11.80 and 5.39 mm, respectively. There was no significant difference in the detection results of the tobacco strip structure between the developed method and the sieving method, with the correlation coefficient of 0.998 2, indicating a strong correlation. This method provides support for predicting the cut length of strips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the effects of organic fertilizer type on the reduction of nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco soil in Erhai tobacco growing area of Yunnan Province and the relationship between the application rate of organic fertilizers and nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco growing soil, indoor soil column simulation experiments were conducted using mixed organic fertilizers, biochar fertilizers, and sesame cake fertilizers as study materials. The results showed that: 1) At the same nitrogen application rate with 30% chemical fertilizers replaced by organic nitrogen fertilizers, the leaching amounts of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen and the 15N δ value under different organic fertilizer treatments averagely decreased by 29.56%, 7.18% and 37.83%, respectively. 2) The leaching amounts of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen and the 15N δ value decreased by 32.59%, 9.95% and 41.17% in the biochar fertilizer treatment, respectively. The decreases were greater than those of the mixed organic fertilizer and the sesame cake fertilizer treatments. 3) As the application rate of the organic nitrogen fertilizers increased, the leaching loss of nitrogen from tobacco growing soil showed a downward trend. The leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the 100% organic fertilizer treatment decreased by 51.14% and 22.88%, respectively. The biochar fertilizers had a good effect on the reduction of nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco growing soil in Erhai tobacco growing area. There was a linear negative correlation between the application rate of the organic fertilizers and nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco growing soil, and increasing the application rate of organic nitrogen fertilizers contributes to the risk reduction of nitrogen leaching pollution from tobacco growing soil in Erhai tobacco area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purposes This research aims to improve the stability of energy system power variation and fuel economy during flight of hydrogen-hybrid fixed-wing UAV. Methods A variable equivalent factor considering the influence of battery pack power variation amplitude on energy consumption is introduced on the basis of the traditional equivalent consumption minimization strategy theory. This factor is weighted with the original equivalent factor to form a compound equivalent factor. A UAV hybrid simulation platform suitable for complex flight conditions is established, and the influence of compound equivalent factors on the control effect of equivalent consumption minimization strategy is studied. Findings The results show that the equivalent consumption minimization strategy with compound equivalent factor can effectively reduce the power fluctuation amplitude of the energy system. The amplitude of power fluctuation of hydrogen fuel cell during cruise flight is reduced by 94.7% compared with that of the traditional equivalent consumption minimization strategy, and the accumulative SOC variation of battery pack during flight is reduced by 46%. In 3.5 h flight missions, 193 standard liters of hydrogen can be saved, improving fuel economy. When the SOC of the battery pack approaches equilibrium, the change rate of charging power can be greatly slowed down. The improved equivalent consumption minimization strategy is beneficial to prolonging the service life of energy systems and improving the safety of fuel cells and battery packs.

Purposes This research is carried out in order to systematically study the flow characteristics, heat and mass transfer characteristics of air flow field of open-cell metal foam. Methods The dodecahedron as a single cell of metal foam model is constructed by geometric representation. The influences of parameters of the cross-section shape of foam ligament, pore density (PPI), and the symmetry of foam structure in the direction of flow field at altitude on flow field distribution, mass transfer, and flow resistance at different inlet velocities are simulated by finite element method. Findings The results show that with the decrease of the vertex curvature of the foam ligament cross-section, the blocking of ligaments is weakened, and the friction loss (hf) of flow field decreases. Increasing the pore density can improve the distribution uniformity of convective intensity in flow field. In the height direction, the convection intensity of the asymmetric boundary field is greater, and the distribution of the convection intensity around ligaments tends to be uniform, while that of the symmetric structure is opposite. The convection velocities at the upper and lower boundaries of the symmetric boundary are slightly larger than those at the asymmetric boundary structure, and the symmetric structure is more conducive to mass transport at boundaries. The characteristics of open-cell metal foam structure and gas inlet velocity have obvious influences on the flow field distribution and flow resistance. The dimensional analysis results of the flow problem show that the more the number of pores, the greater the ratio of friction loss of flow field to the initial kinetic energy of the gas, and the ratio is reduced as the inlet velocity increasing. When the inlet velocity is greater than 6 m/s, the ratio tends to be stable.

Objective: To explore the impact of liver metastasis on immunotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Methods: From February 2019 to January 2022, clinical data of patients with advanced gastric cancer who received immunotherapy in the Cancer Center of Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University were collected for this retrospective analysis. The baseline characteristics were compared by Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method. Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to compare the therapeutic efficacy and survival time between gastric cancer patients with and without liver metastasis. Results: A total of 48 patients with advanced gastric cancer were included in the analysis, and the patients were divided into a liver metastasis cohort (n=20) and a non-liver metastasis cohort (n=28). The physical condition of patients with liver metastasis was worse than those without liver metastasis. The objective response rates (ORR) in metastasis cohort and non-metastasis cohort were 15.0% and 35.7% (P>0.05), respectively; and the disease control rates (DCR) in these two cohorts were 65.0% and 82.1% (P>0.05), respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.0 and 11.2 months in the two groups (HR=0.40, P<0.05), and the median overall survival (OS) was 12.0 and 19.0 months (P>0.05), respectively. Conclusion: The efficacy of immunotherapy in gastric cancer patients with liver metastasis is worse than that in patients without liver metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the control strategy for homogenized processing in threshing and redrying, the blended tobacco materials of different chemical uniformity were prepared through bundle-based and leaf-based selection methods separately. A three-scale analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to create a comprehensive evaluation index for assessing the result of homogenization control. The results of homogenization control under nicotine, color and spectrum control modes were compared. The results showed that: 1) The uniformity of blended tobacco material obtained through leaf-based selection was obviously better than that through bundle-based selection. 2) Different control modes showed different control results. The color control mode extremely significantly promoted color uniformity of redried tobacco strips. 3) When the blended tobacco material was not uniform, color or spectrum control modes that covered multi-dimensional homogenization information was preferable; otherwise nicotine control mode would offer more desirable result. This study provides a support for promoting the homogenized processing level of threshing and redrying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we applied PacBio Sequel II and Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing platforms to sequence the genome of a high-polymalic acid (PMLA)-producing strain, Aureobasidium melanogenum CGMCC18996, and used different assemblers to obtain a high-quality genome assembly, which was then annotated using transcriptomic data. The results indicated a total of 6 202 genes were found in the A. melanogenum genome, mainly involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism, amino acid transport and metabolism, post-translational modification, RNA processing and modification. Meanwhile, functional annotation revealed that most genes in the genome were related to peroxisome in the strain. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated the existence of a circular peroxisome-like (glyoxysome) structure in the cells, demonstrating the ability to malic acid through the glyoxylate cycle. Finally, we predicted the protein structures of two enzymes related to PMLA biosynthesis, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCKA) and malate synthase (MASY). It was found that the enzymes could have the ability to synthesize malic acid. This study could provide a reference for metabolism regulation in A. melanogenum for improved PMLA production, and the assembled genome has been uploaded to the database, which could provide the basis for the future development and utilization of A. melanogenum CGMCC18996.

ObjectiveTo compare the relationship between the dynamic changes of cerebral blood flow(CBF) before and after carotid artery stent （CAS） placement and perioperative events in patients with unilateral symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, providing reference for patients to choose surgical methods. Methods A total of 24 patients with moderate to severe （＞50%） symptomatic unilateral carotid artery stenosis admitted in Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to June 2020 were included, all of whom underwent CAS. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging （including DWI and 3D quasi continuous arterial spin labeled perfusion imaging） within 3 days before and 3 days after surgery. Changes in CBF and perioperative events were measured. According to whether there were new DWI high signals, they were divided into micro-embolic group and non-embolic group. ResultsWhile the incidence of new DWI lesions was high （17/24, 70.8%） and 176 lesions were observed among the 17 cases, there was only one subject showing the symptoms. The majority of the lesions were located at the cortex/subcortex of the ipsilateral frontal and parietal lobes （60.8%）, and 92.6% of the lesions size being less than 3mm. The CBF in the frontoparietal lobe were higher than that in the temporal lobe after surgery (lesion side 50.49±8.02vs47.94±9.08, t=2.179, P＜0.05; contralateral side 50.16±5.79 vs 48.00±5.98, t=3.835, P＜0.05); the CBF of the lesion side of the frontoparietal and temporal lobes increased significantly after surgery compared to before surgery （P＜0.05）. The preoperative relative CBF in the frontal parietal lobe of the micro-embolization group was lower than that of the non-embolization group （P＜0.05）. Conclusion The high incidence rate of micro-embolism in patients receiving CAS may not be the result of direct changes of hemodynamics in the brain but rather the loss of CBF regulation due to long-term hypoperfusion prior to the stenting.

Objective To investigate the current status and distribution of job burnout among medical personnel in tuberculosis prevention and treatment of Chongqing, and provide suggestion for improving tuberculosis prevention and treatment. Methods From September 2021 to May 2022, stratified cluster random sampling was used to investigate medical personnel engaged in tuberculosis prevention and treatment in 16 districts and counties of Chongqing Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) was used to measure the degree of job burnout, and multiple logistics regression was used to analyze the distribution of burnout among medical personnel in tuberculosis prevention and treatment. Results Among 1 194 participants in tuberculosis prevention and treatment, 761 found to have different levels of burnout, among which 364 (31.9%) were mild burnout, 299(26.2%) were moderate burnout and 98 (8.6%) were severe burnout. Compared with those who perceived themselves in good health, medical personnel who perceived their health as poor were more likely to experience mild (OR: 2.68, 95%CI: 1.40~5.13) to moderate burnout (OR: 3.50, 95%CI: 1.77~6.93) and those who perceived their health as average were more likely to experience moderate (OR: 1.81, 95%CI: 1.28~2.58) to severe burnout(OR: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.19~3.22). The unmarried were more likely to experience mild (OR: 3.27, 95%CI: 1.18~9.12) and moderate burnout(OR: 8.96, 95%CI: 2.64~30.45) than those who got divorced. The medical personnel in village clinics were more prone to moderate burnout than those in centers of disease control and prevention (OR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.17~0.84). Conclusion The rate of job burnout is relatively high among medical personnel of tuberculosis prevention and treatment in Chongqing. Those medical personnel who perceived their health status are not good, got unmarried and worked in village clinic are more likely to experience different levels of job burnout.

To understand the effect of antioxidant 1010 (KY1010) on the properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) wire materials for 3D printing, a modified wire material for 3D printing was prepared by melt blending extrusion, and then a composite material was prepared by FDM process using this modified wire material. The effect of antioxidant addition on the oxidation induction period, tensile properties, dynamic thermal mechanical properties and mechanical properties of PLA wire material was investigated. The results indicated that KY1010 effectively improved the oxidation resistance of PLA. The tensile strength and storage modulus of PLA increased at first and then tended to decrease with an increase in the concentration of KY1010. However, its elongation at break decreased gradually, and the oxidation induction time and oxidation induction temperature increased gradually with an increase in the concentration of KY1010. On the other hand, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composites increased at first and then decreased with the concentration of KY1010, but the impact strength and notch impact strength increased gradually. The PLA wire material achieved the optimum comprehensive performance with the addition of 0.5 wt% KY1010. In this case, the oxidation induction time and oxidation induction temperature of the PLA wire material increased by 1 655.19% and 16.91%, respectively. Its tensile strength increased by 15.35%, but its elongation at break decreased by 29.43%. Moreover, its storage modulus reached a maximum value. The composite material achieved an increase in tensile strength by 26.04% and in elastic modulus by 33.23%. A comparative experiment indicated that TGA was more suitable to measure the oxidation induction period of PLA than DSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of gradation of expanded perlites and compression ratio on the physical and mechanical properties of PVA -based expanded perlite insulation board (PEPB> were studied. The results show that the higher the packing density of expanded perlites after graded, the higher the dry density of PEPB prepared by these expanded perlites. Dry density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity of PEPB increase with compression ratio increasing. When the compression ratio increases to 1.6-2.2.the thermal conductivity of PEPB shows a linear correlation with its dry density. PEPBs were prepared, which have dry densities of 159.5-168.6 kg/m³ strengths of 0.313-0.332 MPa and thermal conductivities of 0.0527 -0.0545 W/ (m • K), by using modified PVA as adhesive and reasonable aggregate gradation of expanded perlite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual-phase magnesium-lithium alloys sheets were rolled at four different rolling methods: asynchronous rolling, multi-directional asynchronous rolling, high temperature asynchronous rolling and high temperature multi-directional asynchronous rolling. The microstructure, mechanical properties and texture characteristics were comprehensively analyzed through optical microscope, MTS E43 universal testing machine and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The effects of temperature and rolling direction on microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium-lithium alloy were discussed. The results show that α-Mg phase is largely elongated along the rolling direction and becomes thinner along the normal direction. The lowest thickness of the α-Mg phase is 2.6 μm rolled by high temperature multi-directional asynchronous rolling. Multi-directional asynchronous rolling samples have the best mechanical properties as its yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation are 149 MPa and 167 MPa, 14.5%, respectively.The double peaks texture is tilt along the normal direction with an angle of 45° by multi-directional rolling, while the RD tilt angle of double peaks texture decreases due to the high temperature rolling. The intensity of R-cube texture is the strongest after rolling. β-Li rolling texture is transformed into {001}〈100〉 texture by high temperature multi-directional asynchronous rolling, which is beneficial to the multi-slip of {011}〈111〉 slip system.

At present, the study of accretionary orogenic belts and collisional orogenic belts has achieved numerous insights and improvements. However, continental subduction, which often occurs during the oceanic and continental transition, has not received enough attention for a long time, such as what kind of structural deformation characteristics it has and how it affects the evolution of the orogenic belt. This paper studied two Cenozoic orogenic belts (the Taiwan orogenic belt and the Yarlung Zangbo River orogenic belt) and one Mesozoic orogenic belt (the Qiangtang orogenic belt) in order to clarify the unique structural deformation characteristics of continental subduction and its interaction with orogenic processes. It is found that the subduction of continental crust often forms a double-layer structure in the orogenic belt. The upper part is a set of thrust imbricate composed of Smith strata, and the lower part is a set of subduction complexes with a “blocks in the matrix” structure. The upper and lower parts of the double-layer structure are similar, mainly slope facies–submarine fan facies rocks and little shelf facies rocks. Due to the similar deformation time, the double-layer structure should be a structural system formed in different depths by the subduction of the same passive continental margin. We suppose that the subduction of the slope–submarine fan is the main factor for the formation of the double-layer structure. The subsequent continental shelf subduction could induce the collision and thus lead to strain’s gradual propagation to the craton’s interior, resulting in the foreland fold-thrust. Also, the double-layer structure is often destroyed during the collision, so the deeply underplated continental subduction complex can be exhumed to the shallow level. Therefore, this study also emphasizes the importance of continental subduction and the exhumation of subducted crustal rocks in the evolution of orogenic belts.

Understanding the breeding and research history of Foxtail millet has important significance for guiding future breeding and research. In this paper, several Foxtail millet breeding development stages in our country as well as the breeding targets and representative varieties of each stage are reviewed. From the founding of People's Republic of China to new century, the goals of Foxtail millet breeding can be roughly divided into two stages: high-yield breeding stage (1950-1985) and high-yield, multi-resistance and high-quality stage (1986-2000). In the new century since 2001, the millet breeding goals and breeding methods have undergone major changes, which can be roughly divided into three stages. The first stage is from 2001 to 2008, which broke through the contradiction between high quality and high yield. A series of representative varieties were bred at this stage, including first class high quality Jigu 19 and Changnong 35 whose yield in the regional test increased by more than 10% compared to the control, the first sethoxydim herbicide-resistant hybrid variety Zhangzagu No. 3, and the first sethoxydim herbicide-resistant multi-line variety Jigu 25. The second stage is from 2009 to 2018, which broke through the limitation of light and temperature sensitivity. The high quality and widely suitable variety Yugu 18 was bred, which can be used in 4 ecological regions. 50% of the tested varieties in the regional test at this stage were resistant to herbicide. The representative varieties such as Jigu 39, Jinmiao K1, and Zhangzagu 13 have high quality, broad adaptability, herbicide-resistance, and suitability for mechanized production. Some new varieties, such as herbicide-resistant varieties with resistance to imazethapyr and nicosulfuron, high glutenin varieties, and high resistant starch varieties, were bred at this stage. The third stage is after 2018. The herbicide-resistant varieties in the regional test increased to 89%. They were widely used, and 4 of Top 5 lagest planting area varieties in the country were herbicide-resistant. The new herbicide-resistant varieties resistant to sulfamethoxazole were bred. Preliminary progress has been made in biological breeding at this stage. A high-efficiency genetic transformation system of millet has been established, high-oleic acid varieties have been bred with molecular markers, and new materials such as haploid inducible lines have been created by genome editing.

Under the influence of the Torch Program, the high-tech zone construction projects are experiencing rapid development. With the wide application of the PPP, the high-tech zone construction project shows the features such as large-scale size, high complexity of demand, diversification of investment subject, and government intervention. On this basis, knowledge management and communication of high-tech zone construction projects face huge challenges. Through the lens of meta-network, this study takes Jinan high-tech zone construction project as an example to explore the density, centrality and key nodes of knowledge communication network during the project organization evolution process. These findings provide a new perspective for the study of knowledge propagation in the project organization and contribute to a better understanding of the knowledge diffusion characteristics as well as the implementation of knowledge management strategy in the hi-tech zone construction projects. EN [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The personnel behavior detection in underground coal mines is the focus of sensor mine construction. However, the existing personnel behavior detection methods based on electromagnetic waves, wearable devices and computer vision cannot integrate time, location, behavior, environment and other factors to judge whether the behavior of mine personnel is safe. A visual semantic method of mine personnel behavior is proposed, which generates statements describing personnel behavior in videos through characteristic extraction, semantic detection, characteristic reconstruction and decoding. The InceptionV4 network and the I3D network are used to extract the static and dynamic characteristics of the video images, and the parallel dual attention mechanism based on the spatial location attention model and the channel attention model is introduced into the InceptionV4 network so as to improve the characteristic extraction ability of the network. In order to solve the problem of the inconsistency between video content and visual semantics, the semantic detection network is introduced to add advanced semantic tags to video characteristics to generate embedded characteristics. The embedded characteristics are input into the decoder together with video characteristics and semantic characteristics, and the characteristic reconstruction module is introduced in the decoding process. Reconstructing video characteristics by obtaining the hidden layer state of the decoder enhances the correlation between video characteristics and description statements, and improves the accuracy of visual semantic generation. MSVD, MSR-VTT public data set and mine own video data set are used for experiments, and the results show that the method has good semantic consistency, can obtain the key semantics in the video accurately and better reflects the true meaning of the video.

Based on a regional geological survey at a scale of 1:50000, it reveals that the volcanic rocks from the Baiyin'gaolao Formation of Gaoyaowula in Inner Mongolia could be divided into three lithologic segments by the triple mapping method of "volcanic structure-lithology and lithofacies-volcanic formation". The first lithologic segment is composed of pyroclastic sedimentary rocks, the second intermediate volcanic rocks and the third acidic volcanic rocks. The three lithologic segments constitute a complete depositonal-eruptive cycle, and the early to late magma is characterized by a transition from neutral to acid. The Baiyin'gaolao Formation can be classified into eruptive facies, intrusive facies, overflow facies, volcanic vent facies, eruption-deposition facies and subvolcanic facies, etc. Twelve V-grade volcanic apparatuses are delineated. The Zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating of the trachyandesite from the second lithologic segment of the Baiyin'gaolao Formation of Gaoyaowula and the rhyolite from the third are 128.2±0.9 Ma and 125.5±0.5 Ma respectively, indicating that the formation age is early-Cretaceous.

The performances of spacecraft payloads and platforms on orbit are influenced by dimensional stability of spacecraft structure. This article had researched the test method of structure thermal deformation in the vacuum thermal environment simulated on the ground to improve measurement and verification method of the space structure deformation on orbit.It presented a single-camera and multistation photogrammetric measurement scheme,based on the analysis of related test methods and typical measurement systems. Then a camera protection system and a two-dimensional motion mechanism was developed. The camera can complete the image acquisition at different stations in a arc surface through the arc shaped guide of the motion mechanism in the vacuum thermal environment,and satisfy the measurement requirement of multistation. The influence on the camera calibration due to the optical window of the camera protection system had been discussed. Besides,the effect of the scene depth,the contrast of circular feature points and scale factor on the measurement accuracy was verified by the simulation and experiment,then a multi-exposure image processing method was proposed,which selecting the best circle center extraction and recognition results from circular feature point images taken from different exposures to fusion computation,ensuring better contrast and brightness images were obtained. Finally,the structure thermal deformation measurement method in the vacuum thermal environment proposed in this article was test and verified through a typical test piece,the test results all reached a measuring accuracy of 0. 043 mm,and it proved that this method can effectively meet the needs of thermal deformation measurement for the spacecraft structure in the future.

It is very important for studying surface energy and water balance to improve the accuracy of evapotranspiration (ET) estimation. Based on eddy covariance measurements and microclimate observational data available, comparisons were done in accuracy of simulating ET with the FAO Penman-Monteith model from the marshland, rice paddy and soybean field in the Sanjiang Plain. The results showed that the values of ET simulated with the model over marshland was significantly higher than the measured one (averagely 81. 8% higher) when the crop coefficients recommend by FAO were adopted, and its modeling efficiency was negative, which indicated that the ET from the marshland couldn't be simulated by the model. While the seasonal variation of ET over rice paddy and soybean field could be simulated by the model and the accuracy in simulating ET from rice paddy was better than that from soybean field. Crop coefficients (Kc) of marshland, rice paddy and soybean field were all significantly positively related to leaf area index, and crop coefficient of soybean field was also significantly negatively related to vapor pressure deficit. With Kc modified through linear regression, the FAO Penman-Monteith model markedly improved the estimation accuracy for marshland, rice paddy and soybean field, with the mean bias error ranging from -0. 1 to 0. 3 mm·d-1, root mean square error ranging from 0. 50 to 0.67 mm·d-1 and modeling efficiency ranging from 0. 69 to 0. 85. Still, the accuracy in simulating ET from rice paddy was superior to that from the other two underlying surfaces. The FAO Penman-Monteith model was suitable to simulate the ET from rice paddy whether the crop coefficient was modified or not. However, the crop coefficient must be modified if the model was used to simulate the ET from marshland and soybean field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There exist two critical issues for a parallel mechanism: self-interference and singular points, which may result in control failure. This paper introduced a refined method for representing the working space of parallel mechanisms. Emphasis is placed on detecting the occurrence of self-interference and predicting singular points in the working spaces. The method is based on an analytical model, and can be applied to product geometry of various complexities. A computer program has been developed based on this analytical model. Further, based on this model a simplified formula that calculates the pressure angle of the mechanism is derived. This formula provides a quick and reliable tool for practical usage. As a demonstration, the new methodology and formula are applied to a test on the Toyoda's HexaM parallel mechanism. Comparison of the calculations with the experimental test results is satisfactory. The simulation reveals that the HexaM parallel mechanism's working space is 511% or 24% larger than that specified by the manufacturer respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the distribution, incidence, clinical characteristics, and in-hospital mortality risk factors associated with acute kidney injury （AKI） in hospitalized elders across various clinical departments. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted for medical records of elders aged ≥65 years admitted between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022. Collected clinical data included demographic profiles, comorbidities, medication usage and laboratory test results. AKI was defined based upon the dynamic baseline creatinine algorithm according to the guidelines of the Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes. Stacked bar charts were employed for displaying the distribution and incidence of AKI across different departments. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed for examining various risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test were employed for comparing cumulative survival rates among elders of varying AKI stages. Results A total of 154,696 elder episodes fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 6,879（4.4%） developed AKI. Significant differences existed in the distribution and incidence of AKI across departments. The highest incidence was in Intensive Care Unit at 30.1%, followed by Cardiovascular Surgery at 24.3% and Trauma Surgery at 11.3%. The in-hospital mortality rate of AKI elders was 15.9% and it spiked with AKI severity. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher AKI stages （OR = 2.89, 95%CI: 2.15-3.88, P＜0.001）, pulmonary infection （OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.59-2.56, P＜0.001）, malignancy（OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.25-2.04, P＜0.001） and hypoalbuminemia （OR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.54-2.43, P＜0.001） were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Only 6.0% of AKI elders had an “AKI” diagnosis at discharge. Conclusion The incidence of AKI in elders rises with age. AKI elders often have underlying diseases and receive nephrotoxic medications, predominantly at clinical departments other than nephrology. Age, AKI stage, pulmonary infection, DM, malignancy and hypoalbuminemia are risk factors for in-hospital mortality in AKI elders. A large majority of AKIs are underdiagnosed during hospitalization, highlighting the need for heightened attention to AKI elders.

In order to investigate the seismic behavior and failure mode of steel frame structures of traditional style buildings, the low cyclic reversed loading test was carried out on a 1:2 scaled model of a steel frame structure of traditional style building built in the areas with a seismic design intensity of 8 degree. The failure process and patterns of the structure were observed. The mechanical behaviors such as load-displacement hysteretic loops, skeleton curves, strain characteristics, ductility, energy dissipation, stiffness degradation and load bearing capacity degeneration of the frame were obtained. Test results show that the Dou and Gong components of the Chinese traditional style steel frame structures act as the first seismic line under the action of horizontal load, the plastic hinge at the beam end develops fully and the seismic design principle of 'strong column-weak beam, strong core zone-weak members' is satisfied. The pinching phenomenon of hysteretic loops appears, and it is Z-shaped, indicating shear-slip property, which shows obvious difference compared to conventional steel frame. The stiffness degradation of the structure is significant at the early stage of the loading. At failure, the ultimate elasto-plastic drift ratio and the bearing degradation coefficient is 1/20 and 0.9, respectively, indicating the excellent collapse resistance capacity and stable load bearing capacity of the steel frame structures of traditional style buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease that remains undetected until it acutely ruptures. Due to lack of effective pharmaceutic therapies, it is urgent to explore new prevention and treatment strategies. Metabolic reprogramming is a cellular process through which cells change their metabolic patterns to meet material and energy requirements, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Recently, the regulatory role of metabolic reprogramming in cardiovascular diseases, especially AAA, has attracted significant attention. This review article focuses on the research progress regarding the effects of metabolic reprogramming of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages on the occurrence and development of AAA, especially their roles in major pathological processes such as VSMCs apoptosis and phenotype transformation, extracellular matrix remodeling, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. The aim is to provide new clues for the mechanism research and clinical treatment of AAA from the perspective of metabolism.

This research established a high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, and isovitexin in Commelina communis to conduct content difference analysis and quality evaluation of 62 batches of C. communis from different origins. The HPLC content determination was performed on a Dikma Platisil ODS chromatographic column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid(14∶86) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was set at 348 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min~(-1), and the column temperature was 35 ℃. The differences in origins and quality of 62 batches of C. communis were studied by chemometrics. The results showed that the determination of four components mani-fested a good linear relationship in the range of mass concentration(r&gt;0.999 9), and the average recovery rate was 96.17%-103.0%. The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of precision, stability, and repeatability were all less than 2.0%. The content of four components from high to low was isoorientin&gt;isovitexin&gt;orientin&gt;vitexin. Forty-seven batches of C. communis with clear origins were classified into six categories by chemometrics. C. communis from different origins had different qualities. Generally, C. communis from Western China, Central China, and South of China had superior qualities. The HPLC method established in this study is specific, simple, and efficient, which provides references for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of C. communis. The chemometrics shows that the qualities of C. communis from different origins are largely different. Isoorientin can be used as an index to determine the content of C. communis, and its content limit should be set no less than 0.023%.

The immune checkpoint programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1)-mediated immunosuppression is among the important features of tumor. PD-L1, an immunosuppressant, can induce T cell failure by binding to programmed cell death-1(PD-1). Thus, the key to restoring the function of T cells is inhibiting the expression of PD-L1. The Chinese medicinal Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(AMR) has the anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activities, and the polysaccharide in AMR(PAMR) plays a crucial role in immunoregulation, but the influence on the immune checkpoints which are closely related to immunosuppression has not been reported. MicroRNA-34 a(miR-34 a) expression in esophageal carcinoma tissue is significantly lower than that in normal tissue. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of PAMR on esophageal carcinoma cells, and the relationship between its inhibitory effect on PD-L1 expression and miR-34 a, which is expected to clarify the anti-tumor mechanism of PAMR. Firstly, different human esophageal carcinoma cell lines(EC9706, EC-1, TE-1, EC109 cells) were screend out, and expression of PD-L1 was determined. Then, EC109 cells, with high expression of PD-L1, were selected for further experiment. The result showed that PAMR suppressed EC109 cell growth. According to the real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR) and Western blot, it significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of PD-L1, while promoting the expression of tumor suppressor miR-34 a. The confocal microscopy and luci-ferase assay proved that PAMR alleviated the inhibitory effect of PD-L1 while blocked miR-34 a. Additionally, the expression of PD-L1 was controlled by miR-34 a, and the combination of miR-34 a inhibitor with high-dose PAMR reversed the inhibitory effect of PAMR on PD-L1 protein expression. Thus, the PAMR may inhibit PD-L1 by increasing the expression of miR-34 a and regulating its downstream target genes. In conclusion, PAMR inhibits the expression of PD-L1 mainly by inducing miR-34 a.

To investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) in Chongming Island, a background site of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in China, PM 2.5 samples collected from December 2018 to January 2019 were analyzed to determine their chemical compositions and optical properties. The results showed that the light absorption coefficient (Abs 365,M ) of BrC extracted by methanol at 365 nm was (5.39±3.33) M -1 ·m -1 , which was 1.3 times of the water extracted BrC. Both increased significantly with the increase of pH values, suggesting that less acidic conditions can enhance the light absorption ability of BrC. In winter, both Abs 365 and MAE 365 (mass absorption efficiency) were higher in the nighttime than in the daytime. A strong linear correlation observed between Abs 365 and levoglucosan ( R 2 =0.72) indicated that many light absorbing substances in Chongming Island were derived from biomass burning emissions. During the campaign, nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) and PAHs accounted for (1.5±1.1) ng·m -3 and (8.3±4.7) ng·m -3 , respectively, contributing to 0.1% and 0.067% of the absorption of the total BrC at 365 nm, respectively. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis further showed that biomass and fossil fuel combustions were the main sources of BrC in Chongming Island in winter, accounting for 56% of the total BrC, followed by secondary formation, accounting for 24% of the total BrC, with road dust contributing only 6%.

Two new sucrose cinnamates(1 and 2) along with nine known compounds(3-11) were isolated from ethanol extract of Polygonum lapathifolium var. salicifolium by silica gel column chromatography, ODS column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1 D-and 2 D-NMR experiments, as well as HR-ESI-MS analysis. Eleven compounds(7 sucrose cinnamates, 3 phenylpropanoids and 1 lactone) were obtained and their structures were identified as(1,3-O-di-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside(1),(1,3-O-di-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-(6-O-acetyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside(2),(3-O-feruloyl)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside(3), hydropiperoside(4), vanicoside C(5),(1,3-O-di-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-(6-O-feruloyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside(6), vanicoside B(7),trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester(8), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid ethyl ester(9), methyl ferulate(10) and dimethoxydimethylphthalide(11), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were two new sucrose cinnamates, and compounds 1-11 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds 1-9 were investigated by an oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC) assay, and all nine compounds were found to show strong antioxidant activities. Among them, compound 6(10 μmol·L~(-1)) was the supreme one in antioxidant activities, with its ORAC value equivalent to(1.60±0.05) times of 50 μmol·L~(-1) Trolox.

To investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of organic aerosols at a background site of the Yangtze River Delta, day- and night- PM 2.5 samples were collected from May 30 th to August 15 th , 2018 in Chongming Island, China and measured for their normal alkanes ( n -alkanes) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content employing a GC-MS technique. Concentrations of PM 2.5 , n -alkanes, and PAHs during the entire sampling period were (33±21) μg·m -3 , (26±44) ng·m -3 , and (0.76±1.0) ng·m -3 , respectively. During the entire campaign, 35% of the collected PM 2.5 samples were of a particle loading larger than the first grade of the China National Air Quality Standard (35 μg·m -3 ), suggesting that further mitigation with respect to air pollution in Chongming Island remains imperative. In the period with a PM 2.5 concentration higher than 35 μg·m -3 , which was classified as the pollution period, concentrations of n -alkanes and PAHs were one order of magnitude higher than those in the period with PM 2.5 less than 15 μg·m -3 , which was classified as the clean period. During the entire campaign, OC was higher in the daytime than in the nighttime, mainly due to the daytime photooxidation that enhanced the formation of secondary organic aerosols. During the pollution period, concentrations of EC and other pollutants were higher in the nighttime than in daytime, mainly due to the transport of the inland pollutants by the nighttime land breeze. Such a diurnal difference was not observed for the pollutants in clean periods, mainly due to the relatively clean breeze from East China Sea that diluted the air pollution. Diagnostic ratios showed that 67% of n -alkanes in PM 2.5 was derived from fossil fuel combustion. PMF analysis further showed that during the pollution period, vehicle exhausts and industrial emissions were the largest sources of PAHs, both accounting for 51% of the total in PM 2.5 . In contrast, during the clean periods ship emissions were the largest source, contributing about 45% of the total PAHs, exceeding the sum (38%) of vehicle and industrial emissions.

To understand the evolution of the physical and chemical properties of dust aerosols in the atmosphere, the concentrations and chemical compositions of differently sized particles were continuously observed and analyzed using an ion chromatograph and carbonaceous analyzer during the outbreak of dust in May 2017 in Beijing. The concentrations of total suspended particulate (TSP), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), elemental carbon (EC), OC, and water-soluble inorganic ions were (2237.59±681.49), (29.90±18.05), (1.46±3.05), (67.35±29.07), and (136.75±46.38) μg·m -3 during the dust period, respectively, and significantly exceeded that of the non-dust period, except for EC. The Na + , NH 4 + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cl - , NO 3 - , SO 4 2- , and WSOC concentrations during the dust storm period were 11.55, 3.00, 14.88, 14.89, 9.40, 4.60, 2.40, 3.91, and 1.83 times higher than that during the non-dust period. The growth of crustal ions, such as Ca 2+ and K + , was notably the largest and NH 4 + and NO 3 - were minimal. The size distribution indicates that crustal ions primarily occur in the coarse mode during the whole sampling campaign. The SO 4 2- and NO 3 - ions are slightly bimodal during the dust storm, with a dominant peak in the coarse mode at 4.7-5.8 μm and a very minor peak in the fine mode with a size range of 0.43-0.65 μm. During the non-dust period, SO 4 2- is the dominant mode in the fine mode, while NO 3 - changes little compared with that during the dust period, which indicates that heterogeneous reaction with crustal ions is the main formation mechanism of NO 3 - in the coarse mode. A significant positive correlation was observed between SO 4 2- and the sum of crustal ions during the dust period, indicating that the source of SO 4 2- during the dust period is remote transmission of the dust storm. During the non-dust period, the positive correlation of SO 4 2- with NH 4 + indicates that secondary formation is the main source of SO 4 2- . Based on correlation analysis of NO 3 - with crustal ions and NH 4 + , both remote transmission and secondary formation are the sources of NO 3 - during the dust storm and heterogeneous reactions are predominant during the non-dust period.

PM 2.5 was simultaneously collected using a high-volume sampler at 4 h intervals from the mountainside and the foot of the mountain in the Mt. Huashan region, inland China, during the summer of 2016, and the samples were analyzed for inorganic ions, to investigate the chemical characteristics and vertical distribution of the fine particles in the region. The results showed that the concentrations of PM 2.5 were (46.9±38.2) μg·m -3 and (76.0±44.3) μg·m -3 on the mountainside and at the foot of Mt. Huashan, respectively. The concentrations of inorganic ions in PM 2.5 was higher at the foot of the mountain than on the mountainside, with the order of the mass concentrations of the major ionic species being SO 4 2- > NO 3 - > NH 4 + > Ca 2+ . Among all the inorganic ions, SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , and NH 4 + are the dominant species, accounting for 89% and 85% of the total, on the mountainside and at the foot, respectively. The fine particulate NH 4 + existed mostly in the forms of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 on the mountainside, and in the forms of NH 4 HSO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 at the foot of the mountain. Mass concentrations of PM 2.5 and its major components on the mountainside showed clear diurnal variations, with maximums between 12:00-16:00, mainly due to the transport of the pollutants from the ground surface by the planetary boundary layer height variation and the valley breeze. In contrast, the diurnal variations of PM 2.5 and its major components at the foot are characterized with two maxima, peaking between 08:00-12:00 in the daytime and 00:00-04:00 in the nighttime, respectively, mainly due to the increased emissions from both the morning rush-hour traffic and the nighttime on-road heavy-duty vehicles. Acidity of the fine particles was estimated by using the equivalent ratio of anions to cations and the thermodynamic equilibrium model ISORROPIA Ⅱ. Both methods showed that the acidity of PM 2.5 at the ground surface site is stronger than that on the mountainside in the Mt. Huashan region.

Objective: To observe the evolutionary tendency of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) of the limbic system in post-stroke model rats and the intervention effect of Yinao Jieyu Recipe (YJR)., Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (n =6), the sham-operation group (n =7), the multiple cerebral infarction (MCI) group (n =10), the post-stroke depression (PSD) group (n =10), the Chinese medicine (CM) treatment group (n =10), and the Western medicine (WM) treatment group (n =10) according to random digit table after open-field testing. Rats in the normal control group were routinely fed. 0. 3 mL normal saline was intravenously pushing from the external carotid artery to rats in the sham-operation group, and distilled water administered to them by gastrogavage. Each dose allogenic microthrombi were in vitro pushed to rats in the rest groups from the external carotid artery. The PSD model was duplicated by 21-day chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and single cage feeding in the PSD group 7 days after surgery. After preparing models rats in the CM group and the WM group were administered with YJR and Nimodipine respectively for 4 successive weeks. Changes of BDNF and the intervention effect of YJR were observed at week 1, 2, and 4 after intervention., Results: Immunohistochemical results of BDNF showed, compared with the normal control group, expression levels of BDNF in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala decreased in the MCI group at week 2 and 4 (P <0. 01 , P <0. 05) ; expression levels of BDNF in each part decreased in the PSD group at week 1-4 (P <0.01). Compared with the MCI group, expression levels of BDNF in each part decreased in the PSD group at week 1-4 (P <0. 01). Compared with the PSD group, expression levels of BDNF in each part increased in the CM group at week 1-4 (P <0. 01)., Conclusion: BDNF changes existed in post-stroke model rats, and YJR could slow down this progress.

Objective: To explore the inhibitory effect of cinnamaldehyde on invasion capacities of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435S and its relation with regulating the expression of miR-27a., Methods: The effect of cinnamaldehyde on invasive capacities of MDA-MB-435S was measured by Transwell matrigel invasion assay. The effect of miR-27a expression on invasive capabilities of MDA-MB-435S, the intervention of cinnamaldehyde in the miR-27a expression, and its relation with its effect on invasive capabilities were defected with liposome 2000 transinfection miRNA27a mimics/inhibitors, real time-polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR), and Transwell chamber model., Results: Compared with the control group, the number of cells passing through the transwell chamber was more significantly reduced after treated by cinnamaldehyde for 12 h (P < 0.05). The miR-27a expression was 962.07 times and 40% of that of the control group after transinfected by miR-27a mimics and miR-27a inhibitors. After transinfected by miR-27a inhibitors, the number of cells passing through the transwell chamber was more significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The miR-27a expression of MDA-MB-435S was down-regulated by 12-h treatment of cinnamaldehyde (2(-deltaCt) = 0.56, 0.18, 0.18, respectively). The number of miR-27a mimics transinfection pretreated MDA-MB-435S cells passing through the transwell chamber increased more obviously than the number of un-pretreated MDA-MB-435S cells in the control group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Cinnamaldehyde could inhibit invasive capabilities of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435S. The over-expression of miR-27a played an important role in the invasive capability of MDA-MB-435S. The inhibition of cinnamaldehyde on invasive capabilities of MDA-MB-435S cells was correlated with down-regulating the expression of miR-27a.

High-volume PM2.5 samples were collected hourly from 4 December to 13 December 2012 at an urban site in Xi'an and analyzed for organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN), water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) and inorganic ions to investigate the sources and formation mechanism of WSON. The results showed that during the sampling period the averaged hourly concentration of WSON was (12 +/- 9.4) microg x m(-3) and maximized at 31 microg x m(-3), accounting for 47% +/- 9.8% of WSTN with NH4(+) -N and NO3(-) -N being 29% +/- 8.5% and 23% +/- 8.1%, respectively. WSON: WSOC (N: C) mass ratios ranged from 0.04 to 0.65 with an average of 0.31 +/- 0.13 during the observation period. WSON was (1.6 +/- 0.9) microg x m(-3), (6.5 +/- 3.9) microg x m(-3) and (23 +/- 4.7) microg x m(-3) in non-haze days (visibility > 10 km), light haze days (5 km < visibility < 10 km) and heavy haze days (visibility < 5 km), respectively. WSOC/OC mass ratio throughout the observation period showed no significant change, but WSON/WSOC(N: C) mass ratio increased significantly from a lower value of 0.2 +/- 0.1 in non-haze days to 0.3 +/- 0.1 on light haze days and 0.4 +/- 0.1 on heavy haze days, in consistence with the enhanced acidity of the fine particles. In addition, during the whole sampling period, WSON was strongly correlated with NH4(+), SO4(2-) and NO3(-) (R2 > 0.80), and negatively correlated with cation-anion equivalent ratio (R2 = 0.53). These phenomena can be mainly ascribed to a gas-particle conversion of gaseous water-soluble nitrogen-containing organic compounds like amines via acid-base reactions, which was sharply increased under the favorable meteorological conditions (e.g., low temperature and high humidity) during the heavy haze days.

It is very important for studying surface energy and water balance to improve the accuracy of evapotranspiration (ET) estimation. Based on eddy covariance measurements and microclimate observational data available, comparisons were done in accuracy of simulating ET with the FAO Penman-Monteith model from the marshland, rice paddy and soybean field in the Sanjiang Plain. The results showed that the values of ET simulated with the model over marshland was significantly higher than the measured one (averagely 81.8% higher) when the crop coefficients recommend by FAO were adopted, and its modeling efficiency was negative, which indicated that the ET from the marshland couldn' t be simulated by the model. While the seasonal variation of ET over rice paddy and soybean field could be simulated by the model and the accuracy in simulating ET from rice paddy was better than that from soybean field. Crop coefficients (Kc) of marshland, rice paddy and soybean field were all significantly positively related to leaf area index, and crop coefficient of soybean field was also significantly negatively related to vapor pressure deficit. With Kc modified through linear regression, the FAO Penman-Monteith model markedly improved the estimation accuracy for marshland, rice paddy and soybean field, with the mean bias error ranging from -0.1 to 0.3 mm x d(-1), root mean square error ranging from 0.50 to 0.67 mm x d(-1) and modeling efficiency ranging from 0.69 to 0.85. Still, the accuracy in simulating ET from rice paddy was superior to that from the other two underlying surfaces. The FAO Penman-Monteith model was suitable to simulate the ET from rice paddy whether the crop coefficient was modified or not. However, the crop coefficient must be modified if the model was used to simulate the ET from marshland and soybean field.

The samples of PM2.5 with 8 times periods were collected using Automated Cartridge Collection Unit (ACCU) of Rupprecht& Patashnick (R&P)Corporation, and monitored by R&P1400a instrument of TEOM series online during 2011 Spring Festival in Xi'an city. The organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) contents of 3 h integrated PM2.5 were analyzed to evaluate the influence of firework display on the carbonaceous components in urban air. The mass concentration of PM2.5 was found increased significantly from 00:00 A. M. to 02:59 A. M. at the Chinese Lunar New Year's Eve than the non-firework periods, reaching 1514.8 microg.m-3 at 01:00 A. M. The mass concentrations of OC, EC, WSOC, and WIOC during the same time period were 123.3 microg.m-3, 18.6 microg.m-3, 66.7 microg.m-3, and 56.6 microg.m-3, about 1.7, 1.2, 1.4, and 2.2 times higher than the average in normal days, respectively. Correlation analysis among WSOC, OC, and EC contents in PM25 showed that firework emission was an obvious source of carbonaceous aerosol in the Spring Festival vacation. However, it only contributes to 9. 4% for aerosol in fireworks emission.

Objective: To explore a new prevention and control model on soil-borne parasitic diseases in rural areas of China., Methods: Eight provinces and autonomous regions were selected in China as demonstration areas implementing integrated control on soil-borne parasitic diseases. The integrated control measures included authority organization and harmonization, health education, deworming, and environment modification., Results: After three years, the infection rates of soil-borne parasitic diseases were significantly decreased in these areas. There were three safe guard and organization modes, three health education modes, four mass worming medication modes, and two modes of water, toilet and environment changes., Conclusion: The work in the various demonstration areas was summarized which pointed out a new model with efficiency and local characteristics on soil-borne parasitic disease prevention and control.

Objective: To study the chemosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells to liposome-encapsulated paclitaxel after treatment by nm23-H1-small interference RNA (nm23-H1-siRNA) in vitro., Methods: The A549 cells were divided into two groups: non-transfected group and nm23-H1-siRNA-transfected group. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of nm23-H1. MTT and flow cytometry were used to determine the cell mortality rate, apoptosis rate and cell cycle after liposome-encapsulated paclitaxel treatment in both groups., Results: The expression of nm23-H1 in A549 cells was significantly decreased after transfection with nm23-H1-siRNA. After treatment for 48 hours with liposome-encapsulated paclitaxel, the cell mortality rate was increased with the increasing concentration of liposome-encapsulated paclitaxel in both groups, but increased higher in the nm23-H1-siRNA-transfected group. When the concentration of liposome-encapsulated paclitaxel was above 5 µg/ml, the cell mortality rate was significantly higher than that in the non-transfected group (P < 0.05). The proportion of apoptotic cells also increased in the nm23-H1-siRNA-transfected group, compared with that of the non-transfected group (t = 3.812, P < 0.05), while the proportion of cells at S and G(2)/M phase decreased after transfection with nm23-H1-siRNA (S phase:t = 8.356, P < 0.05; G(2)/M phase:t = 7.256, P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Nm23-H1 is related with the chemoresistance to liposome-encapsulated paclitaxel in lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells. Inhibition of the expression of nm23-H1 by nm23-H1-siRNA can improve the in vitro chemosensitivity of A549 cells to liposome-encapsulated paclitaxel.

Objective: To observe the efficacy of herbal cake-separated moxibustion on the expression of erythrocyte CD58 in different ages of healthy people and explore the differences of the therapeutic effect in different ages and its mechanism., Methods: A total of 82 health participants were divided into a young age group and a middle-old age group according to the ages. They were treated with herbal cake-separated moxibustion on Shenque (CV 8), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23) with cake made by Shudihuang (Radiz Re hmanniae Preparata), Shanyao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae), Shanzhuyu (Fructus Corni ), etc. The treatment was given for 10 sessions once other day and each acupoint for 3 successive dosages. The mean fluorescence intensities of erythrocyte CD58 were measured by flow cytometry before and after moxibustion., Results: After moxibustion, erythrocyte CD58 expression were significantly higher than that before moxibustion in two groups (both P < 0.01), particularly in young age group, which was significantly higher than that in middle-old age group (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The effect of moxibustion in youth is evidently superior to that in middle-old age. Its mechanism is connected with that moxibustion can enhance the expression of erythrocyte CD58.