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BackgroundSilicosis is a diffuse fibrosis of the lungs caused by long-term inhalation of free silicon dioxide (SiO2). It has a complex pathogenesis and lacks effective treatment. Brusatol (Bru) has a variety of biological activities, and its role in silicosis fibrosis is unclear yet. ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different concentrations of Bru on SiO2-induced silicosis fibrosis in mice. MethodsThirty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups: a control group, a silica group, and three Bru intervention groups with low, medium, and high doses (1, 2, and 4 mg·kg−1), with 6 mice in each group. Except the control group, the remaining groups were established as SiO2-induced silicosis mouse models by using a single tracheal infusion of 50 μL 60 mg·mL−1 SiO2 suspension. The control group was dosed with equal amount of saline. The Bru intervention groups were injected intraperitoneally with Bru for 5 consecutive days and then injected every other day. After 28 d of exposure, the mice were executed and lung tissues were collected. The lung coefficient of the mice was measured, and the pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining. The levels of apoptotic protein Cleaved-caspase 3, fibrosis-related protein α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), type I collagen (Col-I), autophagy-associated protein Beclin1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), Sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1), Kelch like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) were detected by Western blot. The mRNA levels of Caspase 3, α-SMA, and Col-I were measured by realtime fluorescence-based quantitative PCR. ResultsCompared with the control group, the lung coefficient of mice in the silica group was significantly increased (P < 0.01); the lung tissues of the silicosis mice showed damaged alveolar walls, along with infiltration of inflammatory cells, fibrous nodules, and collagen deposition; furthermore, the protein and mRNA levels of Cleaved-caspase 3, α-SMA, and Col-I were significantly increased (P < 0.01); the expression levels of Beclin1, LC3-II/I, p62, and Nrf2 were increased, while that of Keap1 was decreased (P < 0.05). The interventions with low and medium doses of Bru reduced lung coefficient (P < 0.05) and protected against pathological damage and collagen deposition in the lung tissues of the silicosis mice; the protein and mRNA expression levels of Cleaved-caspase 3, α-SMA, and Col-I were significantly decreased in the low and medium dose groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), the expression levels of Beclin1, LC3-II/I, p62, and Nrf2 were also decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the expression level of Keap1 was increased in the medium dose group (P < 0.05). However, compared with the silica group, the differences in lung coefficient, pathological damage, and protein and mRNA expression levels of Cleaved-caspase 3, α-SMA, and Col-I in the Bru high dose group were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In addition, the high dose of Bru decreased Beclin1, LC3-II/I, and Nrf2 expression levels (P < 0.01), did not change p62 protein expression level (P > 0.05), while increased Keap1 protein level (P < 0.01). ConclusionLow and medium doses of Bru might regulate autophagy through the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, ameliorate autophagic degradation impairment, reduce pulmonary coefficient, attenuate apoptosis, and delay the progression of fibrosis in SiO2-induced silicosis mice.

Polyester fabric/polyvinyl chloride (PET/PVC) flexible composites were widely used in outdoor products such as sports and leisure, advertising and printing due to its light weight, high strength and good processability. However, under extreme weather conditions such as high temperature and high humidity for a long time, it was very easy to decrease the mechanical properties due to water absorption. Therefore, PET fabric was modified by fluorine-containing block copolymer, and then the wicking resistant PET fabric reinforced PVC resin matrix flexible composites (F-PET/PVC) were obtained by roll coating, then, the mechanism of hygrothermal aging was further explored. The results show that the water contact angle of PET fabric increases from 0° to 114.5°, the wicking height of F-PET/PVC decreases by about 94.29%, and the peeling performance decreases by about 15.87%, when the concentration of anti-wicking agent reaches 20 g/L. In addition, the hygrothermal aging test shows that the hygrothermal aging resistance of F-PET/PVC is better than that of PET/PVC, and the interfacial peeling strength and tensile strength loss rate is decreased from 7.41% and 3.61% to 3.08% and 0.48%, respectively. It is expected to provide a reference for the durability design of environmental fabric-reinforced resin matrix composites.

The lithospheric strength is a key factor in controlling the lithosphere dynamics and deformations. The effective elastic thickness (Te) of the lithosphere can always be used to address the lithospheric strength. Hence, it is a powerful tool for studying the large-scale lithospheric structure. Estimates of Te over both continent and ocean are important for understanding the lithospheric strength with its lateral variations, crustal gravity isostatic state, lithospheric thermal state and rheological structure, and the coupling at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. This article summaries the background of Te estimation and reviews the domestic and overseas research progress on the estimation methods. The main methods for estimating Te include forward modeling of deformations, spectral techniques (i.e., admittance and coherence) based on the cross-spectral analysis of the gravity and topography data, and direct estimations of Te based on the yield strength envelope. The method of deformation forward modeling estimates Te from the optimal lithospheric deflection model, with which the calculated theoretical gravity anomalies best fit the observed ones. The spectral technique calculates Te through analyzing the relationship between observed gravity and topography data in the spatial wavenumber domain, including admittance and coherence methods. The admittance method operates the Te estimation basically based on the spectrum ratio of the gravity to topography signals, while the coherence method works by examining the variation characteristics of the relationship between those two signals in wavenumber domain. Under long-wavelength loading, the lithosphere tends to act as a regional isostatic equilibrium mode. In this model, the lithosphere deflected and the gravity anomaly could be completely related to the topography, i.e., the correlation between those two is close to 1. In contrast, under short-wavelength loading, the lithosphere usually does not deflect due to the lithospheric strength, hence the gravity-topography correlation is close to 0. The gravity-topography correlation decreases from 1 to 0 with the wavenumber. The wavelength around the change point of the correlation with the value of 0.5 representing the state transition of the lithosphere from isostatic equilibrium to disequilibrium, is determined by the lithospheric strength, hence could be used to address Te. The yield strength envelope method estimates Te based on the rock mechanics experiments which usually study how strength varies according to temperature and composition of the crust and mantle lithosphere. Recently, with the development of modern digital signal processing technology, spectral techniques have gradually become the most popular approaches for the Te estimation. Calculating the observed admittance and coherence needs the gravity and topography auto-spectra and the cross-spectrum to be computed first. Those two spectra can be obtained using periodogram, maximum entropy, multitapers and wavelet methods. Periodogram is a direct spectral estimation method used up until the late 1990s，although it is not a very accurate one due to the spectral leakage. While maximum entropy spectral estimation can minimize the spectral leakage to some extent and yield accurate spectra in small-window spectral estimation, multitaper method deals with spectral leakage well circumvent the problem of small window sizes. The wavelet method has also been widely developed for computing spectra during Te estimation, because the wavelet transform can separate closely spaced and high-wavenumber features, whilst the windowed Fourier transform likely to smear the information, either in space or wavenumber depending on the window size. The anisotropy of the lithosphere is an important parameter of the lithospheric mechanical property and can largely affect the calculated Te values. To obtain reliable Te, the anisotropy of Te should be considered during the Te estimation. Moreover, Te anisotropy can affect the crustal stress state, crustal rheological properties, and microfractures developments. Those subjects can provide important clues for the study of breeding environments, occurrence processes, and mechanisms of earthquakes. This review also discusses the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of the estimation methods. Finally, this article provides avenues for future research.

Compare with the airborne and satellite-borne gravity measurements, terrestrial gravity measurements (TGMs) are closer to the sources of mass change and have relatively higher accuracy. The static anomalies and dynamic changes derived from TGMs have been widely used to study various geodynamic problems. Many high-precision gravity products using TGMs have become available since 21 century because of the development of modern observation techniques (especially those in absolute gravimetry) and the terrestrial network. Much of the progress of geodesy and geophysics has come from these products. In this paper, we briefly summarize the recent progress in geodesy and geophysics using high-precision TGMs during the last decade or so. The first group of applications adopts the gravity anomalies from TGMs, which includes constructing gravity field and geoid models, establishing crustal models, computing Moho undulations, and estimating the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere. The second group of applications adopts the time-varying gravity changes from TGMs, which includes constructing time-varying gravity field models, detecting weak dynamic signals, estimating crustal tectonic deformation rates, and analyzing possible correlations with volcanic and seismic processes. We also discuss the next opportunities for ground gravimetry. Our findings could benefit the construction and development of the gravity observation system in the Chinese Mainland.

With the advent of the era of big data, the framework of numerical method of computational geodynamics is perfected. In this paper, we review systematically the conventional numerical simulation methods in the field of computational geodynamics, included the finite-difference, finite-element, spectral method, and spectral element methods. In addition, some newly developed algorithms and their applications in recent years are reviewed, such as the discontinuous Galerkin methods, wavelet method, and lattice Boltzmann method. We hope that the review can give a holistic perspective to understand the development context of the numerical methods of geodynamics and provide a useful reference for studying and adapting to increasingly rich data and new algorithms in the era of big data.

A novel optimal power allocation algorithm for radar network systems is proposed for Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) technology in modern electronic warfare. The algorithm is based on the LPI optimization. First, the Schleher intercept factor for a radar network is derived, and then the Schleher intercept factor is minimized by optimizing the transmission power allocation among netted radars in the network to guarantee target-tracking performance. Furthermore, the Nonlinear Programming Genetic Algorithm (NPGA) is used to solve the resulting nonconvex, nonlinear, and constrained optimization problem. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Rapid detection of heavy metal elements in Chinese medicinal materials is of great significance to pollution control and people s health. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a rapid detection method. Compared with sample digestion, pretreatment methods such as grinding and pressing have simplified the physical properties of samples, but they can not meet the requirements of large-scale varieties and large quantities of Chinese medicinal materials. If the sample pretreatment is further simplified, the advantages of LIBS rapid detection will be more prominent. In this paper, Codonopsis pilosula slices with different Pb content were obtained by soaking with Pb solution, and Pb LIBS spectral intensity was obtained in turn. The amount of Pb was determined initially by sequencing, and the sample was randomly divided into three parts: 38 A samples were detected by ICP-MS, and calibration curves were established to obtain the concentration of Pb in samples B and C. Since the Pb content of the 10 B samples were known, they were used as reference calibration samples microdamage detection of Pb in Codonopsis pilosula samples to be tested, and the 19 C samples were used to verify the accuracy of the microdamage detection method. The linear correlation coefficient R² of the established micro-loss scaling curve is 0.776 4, which can be used for the rapid detection of Codonopsis pilosula by LIBS in sliced samples. The average relative error of Codonopsis pilosula by LIBS is 3.74%. Compared with the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) method, the correlation coefficient R² was 0.795 7. The feasibility of micro-damage detection by LIBS technology was verified. The prepared reference calibration samples of Codonopsis pilosula were repeated for sample calibration and instrument calibration. The experimental treatment of Codonopsis pilosula samples was only sliced, avoiding pretreatment such as grinding and tablet pressing, more fully reflecting the advantages of LIBS rapid detection, and providing a new method for the application of LIBS technology in the field of rapid detection of heavy metal elements in Chinese medicinal materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals in soil are dangerous to crop growth and human health, and on-site rapid detection is of great significance for heavy metal investigation and emergency monitoring in soil. The self-developed soil heavy metal on-site rapid detection instrument, which based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technology, was used to conduct on-site detection and analysis of the surrounding soil in the mining area. A calibration database was established based on the spectral data of 835 different matrix reference soils, and regression models were established using support vector machine to quantitatively invert the content of heavy metal elements in soil. The full spectral fluctuation obtained on-site detection was within 15%, and the average relative standard deviation of spectral intensity of six elements, including Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, was 6.31%. Compared the detection results with laboratory inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis, the pearson correlation coefficients(r) of six elements ranged from 0.850 1 to 0.982 9, and over 80% of the detection results were distributed within the ±30% relative error range. The comparative results indicated that the self-developed soil heavy metal detector could meet the needs of rapid on-site detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma exosomal microRNA (miRNA)-346 and treatment outcomes in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), to provide more reference basis for the treatment of MDR-TB patients. Methods A total of 406 patients with MDR-TB admitted to Tuberculosis Control and Prevention Institute of Shaanxi Provincial between January 2018 and May 2021 were selected as the study subjects. General clinical data of the patients were collected and analyzed. The expression level of plasma exosomal miR-346 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The predictive value of plasma exosomal miR-346 for treatment outcome was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between the expression of plasma exosomal miR-346 and treatment outcome was analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. After standard treatment, patients were divided into good treatment outcome group (n=226) and poor treatment outcome group (n =180) according to the treatment outcome. Results Typical exosomes were identified by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis and Western blot, that is, plasma exosomes were successfully extracted. In the poor treatment outcome group, more patients were complicated with diabetes or HIV infection, and the proportion of patients with pulmonary cavity, acid-fast bacilli smear positive rate >1+, previous treatment history and fluoroquinolone resistance was also significantly increased, and the levels of white blood cells, neutrophils, and monocytes were significantly increased, while the level of albumin was significantly decreased, with statistical significance (P>0.05). Compared with the good treatment outcome group [0.61 (0.46, 0.74)], the expression level of plasma exosomal miR-346 in the poor treatment outcome group [1.23 (0.60, 2.02)] was significantly higher (Z=-13.185, P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of plasma exosomal miR-346 to predict adverse outcomes of MDR-TB treatment was 0.881 (95%CI: 0.846-0.915), with a sensitivity of 78.3% and specificity of 86.7%. The corresponding cut-off value was 0.81. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes, AIDS virus infection, pulmonary cavity, AFB smear positive degree>1+, previous treatment history, fluoroquinolones resistance and high expression of plasma exosomal miR-346 were independent influencing factors for poor treatment results of MDR-TB (P<0.05). Conclusions High expression of plasma exosomal miR-346 is associated with the high risk of adverse outcome of MDR-TB treatment, and it is promising to be a useful marker for predicting the outcome of MDR-TB treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global precipitation observations have been realized through the development of satellite remote-sensing technology. However, there is a lack of evaluation of remote-sensing precipitation products in complex tropical island terrains. This study used hourly rain gauge data to conduct a multi-scale systematic evaluation of common precipitation products, such as CMORPH, CHIRPS, GsMAP, GPM, MSWEP, ERA5-Land, and PERSIANN, over Hainan Island, providing an in-depth analysis of the precipitation detection capabilities of various products in this region. The main conclusions are: (1) In a multi-temporal scale evaluation, GPM and GsMAP outperformed the other products across all time scales. On a 3-hour scale, GPM and GsMAP showed the highest correlation coefficients (0.53 and 0.52, respectively). On a daily scale, except for PERSIANN, all products showed correlation coefficients above 0.56, with GPM and GsMAP showing the best performance (R = 0.73 and 0.74, respectively). (2) In comparing annual precipitation, Hainan Island's average-annual precipitation over the past 20 years showed a fluctuating trend, with a mean of 1,776.4 mm/a. The CMORPH annual average of 1,765.1 mm/a was the closest to the CHM-PRE dataset, with minimal error. ERA5-Land and MSWEP significantly overestimated (2,504.3 mm/a) and underestimated (1,662.2 mm/a) the average-annual precipitation, respectively. (3) Spatial distribution pattern analysis revealed that the observed multi-year annual precipitation in Hainan Island ranges from 996.9 to 2,368.9 mm, exhibiting an annular-distribution pattern with higher precipitation in the east than in the west and the southwestern mountainous areas than in the northeastern plains. The precipitation range of 1,337.9‒2,287.0 mm observed in GsMAP was the closest to the rain gauge data and particularly matched that of the high-value center in the southeast of the island. (4) In a precipitation trend analysis, CMORPH, ERA5-Land, GPM, MSWEP, CHIRPS, and PERSIANN showed an increasing trend in local areas of Hainan Island, while GsMAP showed a stronger increasing trend. (5) In an analysis of extreme precipitation events, GsMAP, CMORPH, and GPM reproduced the spatiotemporal evolution of extreme precipitation events on a daily scale in Hainan relatively well. GPM better reproduced the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of typhoon precipitation events in Hainan Island. However, the accuracy of the precipitation estimation still requires improvement. The results of this study not only contribute to our understanding of precipitation products applicable to Hainan but also provide insights for improving satellite-based precipitation products in tropical island environments. These findings underscore the importance of regional validation and the potential of multi-product fusion approaches for enhancing precipitation estimates in complex terrains.

In modern warfare, the use of UAV swarm to deceive and interfere with the hostile networked radar has been widely used as an effective countermeasure. However, when facing a complex combat environment, the digital storage and forwarding equipment carried by the UAV swarm has forwarding delay error due to its limited accuracy. This delay error will lead to a deviation between the generated false target point and the preset false target point to reduce the effectiveness of deception significantly. To address this issue, in given prior knowledge of the location and RF radiation parameters of networked radar stations, this paper proposes a solution based on the concept of “homologous test” and the certain spatial resolution of networked radar. The boundary conditions for effective deception jamming by digital storage and forwarding technology to networked radar are analyzed, and the influence of forwarding delay error on deception jamming effect in typical networked radar systems is identified. Simulation results demonstrate that the analysis and deduction results can provide a reliable assessment of whether the actual jammer performance can effectively deceive and interfere with the networked radar.

In this study, 15 large and medium-sized iron deposits in Hebei Province are studied on their spatial agglomeration characteristics, development and utilization status of iron ore resources. We analyse detailedly on the endowment conditions of iron ore resources, the similarity and heterogeneity of mining and mineral processing, the comprehensive utilization potential of associated elements and tailings in typical accumulation areas of iron ore resources. Also, the differential utilization policies of different types of iron ore are given. The research results showed that the metallogenic types in northern Hebei, eastern Hebei, and central and southern Hebei are magmatic iron deposits, sedimentary metamorphic iron deposits, and skarn iron deposits respectively. The grade of iron and the proportion of magnetite in the three types of iron deposits are in the order of magnitude, skarn iron deposits > sedimentary metamorphic iron deposits > magmatic iron deposits. The recovery rate of mineral processing are also in the same order. The associated elements TiO2, P2O5 and Sc in the magmatic iron deposits have recyclable value and therefore, research on the comprehensive utilization of these elements should be strengthened. The iron deposits exploitation leads to the production of a large amount of tailings waste and the use of tailings can be studied according to their properties to minimize their production rate and recyclable benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study focuses on the Gagarin region on the far side of the Moon, aiming to reveal the geological characteristics, distribution features, and genesis of typical areas on the lunar far side. Additionally, it seeks to explore the regional geological evolution history of the Gagarin region. Methods The study primarily employs methods such as multi-source remote sensing data interpretation, regional geological mapping, and quantitative analysis of geological elements' quantity and distribution characteristics. Results (1) 656 impact craters were discovered in the study area, of which 552 have diameters greater than 20 kilometers. Approximately 71.5% of the Gagarin region is covered by ancient basins and their ejecta from the Aitken period. Based on comprehensive area and diameter data, the Aitken period is identified as the geological era with the largest proportion of large impact craters (diameter greater than 70 kilometers) and the largest average diameter. From the Aitken period to the Copernican period, the total area of impact craters in each geological era shows a decreasing trend from old to new. (2) In the study area, six parallel lunar grabens, 62 lobate scarps, one sinuous rille , 50 crater floor fractures, and 70 shallow faults were discovered. It also includes parts of the two longest inferred deep faults on the Moon, originating from the South Pole–Aitken tectonic zone and almost spanning the entire highland tectonic zone. According to Bouguer gravity anomalies and crustal thickness data, linear crustal thickness anomalies extending outward from the South Pole–Aitken basin reach the major basins on the near side of the Moon. (3) The Gagarin region is primarily located in the anorthositic highlands on the far side of the Moon. The rocks mainly consist of ferroan anorthosite (fa) suites, with some crater floors showing magnesium anorthosite (ma) suites. In the central and southern parts of the Gagarin region, low-titanium (TiO2 > 1.5 and < 4.5) and very low-titanium (TiO2 < 1.5) basalts are sparsely distributed on the floors of certain impact craters and basins. (4) For this study, we selected impact craters such as Aitken and Van der Graaf, with diameters ranging from 350 to 1400 m, for dating analysis. The results of crater size-frequency distribution dating indicate ages of 3.47 GA and 3.32 GA, respectively. (5) The quantitative statistics of impact craters and the dating results of basalt units indicate that the Aitkenian to Imbrian periods were active periods of external dynamic geological processes in the Gagarin region, while the Imbrian period was an active period of internal dynamic geological processes. Conclusion (1) The region’s longest and deepest faults are the result of the combined effects of the South Pole–Aitken impact event and internal and external stresses, including lunar thermal expansion. (2) The variations in the number and size of impact craters in the Gagarin region on the far side of the Moon are related to the evolution of the Earth–Moon system and the solar system. (3) Based on the quantitative statistical results of impact craters and the dating results of basalt units, this study elucidates the regional geological evolution history, and different stages of the geological processes in the Gagarin region were divided according to the active periods and stage characteristics of internal and external dynamic geological processes. Significance The study revealed the geological features of key areas on the far side of the moon, delving into the geological history of the Gagarin region and tentatively establishing a correlation between its geological traits and the lunar evolutionary history.

BackgroundNuclear science and technology are closely related to the lives of people. However, nuclear radiation may harm the health of the general public; hence, nuclear radiation monitoring must be strengthened. A wired nuclear radiation monitoring system has the characteristics of complex wiring, a long construction period, high cost, poor mobility, and more difficult troubleshooting.PurposeThis study aims to address the demand for convenient measurement and monitoring of gamma radiation fields.MethodsBased on the LoRa wireless communication technology, a γ radiation monitoring system using silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) tube-scintillator detector was designed. The main functions of the system included data collection from the detector, data processing and transmission using a STM32 single-core processor. The collected data packaging and transmission were processed in STM32 microcontroller using the LoRa wireless communication module. Considering the possible channel congestion in the monitoring system and the frequent data transmission, a dynamic optimal path communication algorithm was designed to find the optimal reconnection path and realize the priority allocation of data transmission.Results & ConclusionsThe test results show that the data transmission stability of γ radiation monitoring system based on LoRa is higher than 99.57%, and has the advantages of flexible networking, a further distance of transmission, low cost, and substantial expansion, hence has a broad reference prospect.

In view of the fatigue failure of the transmission shaft in advance, the study of the stress state and life is carried out. Through the analysis of the actual measured load, the cause of the fatigue failure of the drive shaft in advance is the inconsistent output load of the left and right splines. The finite element model of the transmission shaft is established by using finite element software, and the maximum stress at the root of the right tooth of the transmission shaft is obtained, which is the weak part of the transmission shaft. The response surface method and genetic algorithm are used to optimize the structural parameters of the transmission shaft（tooth root fillet, spline transition arc, and arc groove depth）. After optimization, the stress of the weak part of the transmission shaft tooth root is reduced by 28.3%. The fatigue life of the transmission shaft is increased by five times, and the reliability is higher. Finally, the fatigue test is carried out on the scaled down sample. The test result shows that the life of the drive shaft is doubled. The effectiveness of the optimization method is verified through experiments, and the method has certain reference significance for the optimization of shaft parts in the future.

The transverse vibration equation is obtained by establishing the balance equation of poly-V belt and tensioner and coupling vibration model of pulley and poly-V belt. The influence of different extreme deviations on the dynamic performance of EFEADS is analyzed by calibrating and modifying the simulation model. Result shows that the maximum swing of tensioning arm reduced under the increasing of extreme deviation. At medium and high speed，the larger extreme deviation caused EFEADS instability and the swing of tensioning arm increasing. In addition，it caused the entire increasing of transverse vibration. But，the changing tension force lead to variation of resonance frequency and caused corresponding rotary speed by transverse vibration peak drifted at different speed. The smaller the extreme deviation caused the greater the belt tension and the lesser transverse vibration.

In this study, in order to investigate the metabolic pathway of semicarbazide, a metabolite of nitrofurazone, in crustacean aquatic products, the accumulation of nitrofurazone and its metabolites in Procambarus clarkii was evaluated at different time points, and the metabolomics characteristics of semicarbazide were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS). Meanwhile, substances that may be related to semicarbazide production in the metabolic pathway were examined through in vitro simulation test. The results showed that the semicarbazide content in the muscle tissue of P. clarkii increased with increasing nitrofurazone stress period, while the nitrofurazone content initially increased, then decreased and finally increased again. Metabolomics demonstrated that a total of 39 differential metabolites were annotated in samples treated with nitrofurazone for 24 h compared to 4 h, of which 22 metabolites were up-regulated while the remaining 17 were down-regulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis suggested that nitrofurazone exposure could affect pathways associated with taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. Validation tests confirmed that taurine, arginine, alanine and glutamine might be crucial in the metabolic pathway of semicarbazide.

Background Breast cancer has become the most prevalent cancer worldwide, which leads to both physical symptom burden and psychological distress among patients. Although available literature has demonstrated the effect of physical activity in improving psychological health among breast cancer survivors, the underlying psychosocial mechanism is relatively understudied. Objective To investigate the association of walking with positive and negative affect among breast cancer patients, and examine the potential mediating effects of different dimensions of posttraumatic growth between them. Methods From April to July, 2019, 256 breast cancer patients receiving community-based management were recruited using convenience sampling from Shanghai Pengpuxincun Community Health Center to attend a household survey. Two hundred and thirty-five of them who completed the survey were included as final participants (achieving a response rate of 91.8%) . Levels of walking were measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form (IPAQ-long) , posttraumatic growth was assessed using Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) , emotional health was assessed using the 20-item Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) . Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the parallel mediating effects of different dimensions of posttraumatic growth between walking and positive and negative affect. Results The result of intermediary effect analysis show that, walking was associated with greater positive affect through facilitating the personal strength dimension of posttraumatic growth among breast cancer patients, with an indirect effect of 0.07〔95%CI (0.02, 0.13) 〕. Moreover, walking was associated with lower level of negative affect through facilitating the appreciation for life dimension of posttraumatic growth, with an effect size of -0.13〔95%CI (-0.21, -0.05) 〕. The result of the intermediary model show that, the level of walking activity promoted positive emotions (β=0.34, P

The aging properties of silicon rubber foam (SRF) were studied by using thermal-oxidative accelerated aging method, and the influence law of different aging time on cellular structure and properties of SRF was explored. The results showed that SRF materials with different densities had different cellular structure, and the large the density of SRF materials, the smaller cellular size, the thicker cellular wall and the larger the proportion of closed cell. In the process of thermal-oxidative aging, the cellular structure was destroyed with the increasing aging time. With the same aging time, the cellular structure of SRF materials with the higher density was destroyed more seriously. In addition, combined with the result of cellular microstructure and properties, it was found that the destruction of the cellular structure of SRF materials would lead to the increase of compression permanent deformation and stress loss rate.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-26a on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Rats were randomly divided into control group (n=20),I/R group (n=20) and siRNA group(n=20). Seven days before the establishment of I/R model, miR-26a siRNA was injected into tail vein to silence endogenous miR-26a. Ejection fraction (EF%) and shortening fraction (FS%) were measured by echocardiography.The infarct size was measured by TTC.The morphology of cardiomyocytes was detected by HE staining.TUNEL assay was used to detect the level of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.Western blot was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax), caspase-3 and Rho/RhoA signaling pathway related proteins. Results The expression of miR-26a in I/R group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05).The EF% and FS% of siRNA group were significantly improved (P＜0.05).In siRNA group, the severity of myocardial infarction caused by I/R was significantly reduced, and the percentage of myocardial infarction area was increased from 43.08%±2.43% to 21.54%±1.82% (P＜0.05).In siRNA group, the myofilaments were arranged orderly, the degree of myocardial necrosis was low, and the cell edema was significantly alleviated compared with I/R group.The level of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in siRNA group was significantly lower than that in I/R group (P＜0.05),and the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 were also significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Inhibition of miR-26a could significantly reduce the expression of Rho/RhoA signaling pathway protein during I/R (P＜0.05). Conclusions miR-26a silencing may inhibit I/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by reducing expression of Rho/RhoA signaling pathway protein.

In view of the objective conditions of high sulfur content and local enrichment, large amount of residual coal and closing to upper goaf of coal seams in the 8104 fully mechanized coal mining face of Xinwei Coal Mine, the distribution law of coal spontaneous combustion danger zone in goaf is studied. In the implementation process, we used beam tube monitoring system to test the gas field distribution in the goaf in real time. On this basis, “three zones” of the goaf of the 8104 fully mechanized mining face are divided by taking O2 concentration change as the main index and the temperature change as the auxiliary index, and the numerical simulation method is used to compare and analyze the field test result. The result shows that the measured results are consistent with the numerical simulation results. Finally, the range of spontaneous combustion zone in the goaf of the fully mechanized mining face was determined: 40.5 m to 95.5 m on the inlet side and 15.3 m to 59.7 m on the return side.

保障使用者隱私的概念，在我國圖書館界已存在多年，但訂有隱私權政策之大學圖書館仍屬少數；2010 年我國修正《個人資料保護法》(以下簡稱個資法)，強調「個人資料自主決定權」(資訊自主權)、「安全維護義務」以及「合理利用」等三個重點。規範個人資料的蒐集（個資法§5）、處理（個資法§2）及利用（個資法§16）有助於隱私權的保護。同時，一舉將個資法外洩賠償上限從現行法二千萬元提高到二億元，圖書館身為握有大量使用者個人資料的機構應更加謹慎小心。本研究採用內容分析法，分析國外大學圖書館隱私權政策，整理出重要的隱私權保護內容。再依據內容分析法結果，整理出隱私權政策內涵，做為結構性訪談的依據，以探討目前我國大學圖書館所面臨的隱私權議題和面對這些隱私權問題的處理方式、對於制定隱私權政策的看法（含動機與困境），以及制定隱私權政策的相關做法，最後彙整可供我國大學圖書館建置隱私權政策參考之內容，包括人員權限控管、使用者個人資料的用途、適用範圍等11 個項目。 The concept of privacy protection has been around in librarianship in Taiwan for years, but only a few academic/university libraries have set up the privacy policy for library patrons. In 2010, revised edition of the Personal Information Protection Act (hereinafter “ the PIPA”) was enacted to enforce namely “the rights of self-determination of personal information” (named hereinafter “The Information Right of Self-Determination”), “the obligation of proper security measures” and “the fair use.” The PIPA, enacted to govern the collection (§5), processing (§2) and use (§16) of personal information, is significantly helpful for the privacy protection. In the meantime, the revised PIPA governs the total amount of fine for disclosing the personal information should from NT 20,000 to up to NT$200 million. The libraries, as organizations that possess a great quantity of the patrons’ personal information, should be keen to this issue. This study utilized content analysis as its primary research method for data collection and analysis. The first step is to analyze the privacy policy of academic libraries in other countries, and to extract the important issues in their privacy policy. The second step is to organize the meaningful contents of the privacy policy based on the results of the first step of content analysis. The acquired meaningful contents are then used as a basis of structured interviews. There are four research themes in this study, namely discussion of the key topics of the privacy policy concerned by the academic libraries in Taiwan; the strategies of dealing the problems of privacy policy; the opinions of formulating the privacy policy (including motivation and dilemma); and decision-making process of the policy. Last, this study aims to synthesize the significant issues of privacy policy for the reference of academic libraries in Taiwan. There are 11 key aspects contained in the policy, including access control, the use of personal information, the proper scope, and so on. 頁次：94-110

Objective: To explore the correlation between the parameters of suppression head impulse paradigm（SHIMP） and changes in dizziness handicap inventory（DHI） scores. Additionally, to evaluate the degree of vertigo and prognosis of patients with acute vestibular neuritis through SHIMP parameters. Methods: Thirty-three patients with acute vestibular neuritis were enrolled for DHI evaluation, vHIT and SHIMP. A secondary DHI score were evaluated after after two weeks, once patients no longer exhibited spontaneous nystagmus. The decrease in the second DHI score was used as the efficacy index（EI）. All patients were divided into significantly effective group, effective group and ineffective group based on EI. Differences of the VOR gain values of SHIMP and the anti-compensatory saccade were compared among the three groups. Results: There were 13 cases in the significant effective group, 11 cases in the effective group, and 9 cases in the ineffective group. ①The mean gain of the horizontal semicircular canal in the significant effective group, the effective group, and the ineffective group was（0.50±0.11）, （0.44±0.12）, and（0.34±0.08）, respectively. The difference between the significant effective group and the ineffective group was statistically significant（ P <0.01）. The gain of horizontal semicircular canal was positively correlated with EI（ r =0.538 5, P <0.01） 。②The occurrence rate of the anti-compensatory saccade in the significant effective group, the effective group, and the ineffective group was（51.23±19.59）, （33.64±17.68）, and（13.78±11.81）, respectively. Pairwise comparisons between each group showed statistical significance（ P <0.05）. The occurrence rate of anti-compensatory saccade was positively correlated with EI（ r =0.658 2, P <0.01）. Conclusion: The horizontal semicircular canal gain and the occurrence rate of the anti-compensatory saccade in SHIMP for patients with acute vestibular neuritis were closely correlated with decrease in DHI score., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To explore the correlation between the parameters of video head impulse test （vHIT）and dizziness handicap inventory （DHI） score in patients with vestibular neuritis. Methods: Clinical data of 46 patients with vestibular neuritis were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent DHI evaluation and vHIT examination. They were divided into mild handicap group, moderate handicap group and severe handicap group according to DHI score. The correlations between the parameters of vHIT and DHI score were compared among the three groups. The important parameters of vHIT were compared including vestibulo-ocular reflex （VOR） gain, gain asymmetry ratio （GA）, abnormal saccade dispersion （PR%）. Results: Of the 46 patients, 10 were in the mild handicap group, 21 in the moderate handicap group, and 15 in the severe handicap group. ①In the comparison of the mean value of lateral semicircular canal VOR gain, the vHIT gain of patients with mild, moderate and severe handicap were 0.64±0.06, 0.53±0.11 and 0.37±0.10, respectively, the mean value of VOR gain was negatively correlated with DHI score among the three groups（ r =-0.545, P <0.001）, and the pairwise comparisons among the three groups was statistically significant（ P <0.05）. In comparison of the mean values of lateral semicircular canal GA, the GA values of mild, moderate and severe handicap groups were 46.40±21.81, 47.59±15.17 and 56.57±17.39, respectively, there was no significant linear correlation between GA values and DHI scores among the three groups（ r =0.246, P >0.05）, there was no significant difference between the three groups（ P >0.05）. In comparison of the mean PR% of the lateral semicircular canal, the mean PR% of patients with mild, moderate and severe handicap group were 32.00±10.62, 53.82±17.09 and 76.00±10.01, respectively, PR% was positively correlated with DHI score（ r =0.726, P <0.001）, and the comparison among the three groups was statistically significant（ P <0.05）. ②The vertical semicircular canal vHIT gain of patients with mild, moderate and severe handicap was 0.63±0.06, 0.52±0.15 and 0.38±0.16, respectively, the mean of VOR gain was negatively correlated with DHI score among the three groups（ r =-0.487, P <0.01）, the comparison of mild-severe and moderate-severe group was statistically significant（ P <0.05）, while there was no significant difference between the mild and moderate group（ P >0.05）. In the comparison of the mean values of vertical semicircular canal GA, the GA values of mild, moderate and severe handicap groups were 40.40±15.31, 46.10±19.59 and 47.87±18.05, respectively, there was no significant linear correlation between GA values and DHI scores among the three groups（ r =0.047, P >0.05）, there was no significant difference in GA among the three groups（ P >0.05）. The PR% of patients with mild, moderate and severe handicap were 42.40±15.39, 54.14±17.60 and 64.93±10.95, respectively, there was a positive significant correlation between PR% and DHI score（ r =0.454, P <0.05）, there was statistically significant in the comparison of mild-severe group（ P <0.05）, while there was no statistical significance between the other groups（ P >0.05）. Conclusion: The VOR gain and PR% value of vHIT in patients with vestibular neuritis are closely related to the DHI score, which can evaluate the vestibular function and the degree of vertigo., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

14-3-3 proteins are important proteins in plants, as they regulate plant growth and development and the response to biotic or abiotic stresses. In this study, a 14-3-3 gene(GenBank accession: OM683281) was screened from the cDNA library of the medicinal species Salvia miltiorrhiza by yeast two-hybrid and cloned. The open reading frame(ORF) was 780 bp, encoding 259 amino a cids. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the protein was a non-transmembrane protein with the molecular formula of C&#95;(1287)H&#95;(2046)N&#95;(346)O&#95;(422)S&#95;9, relative molecular weight of 29.4 kDa, and no signal peptide. Homologous sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis proved that the protein belonged to 14-3-3 family and had close genetic relationship with the 14-3-3 proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Nicotiana tabacum. The 14-3-3 gene was ligated to the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4 T-1 and then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 for the expression of recombinant protein. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR showed that the expression of this gene was different among roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of S. miltiorrhiza. To be specific, the highest expression was found in leaves, followed by stems, and the lowest expression was detected in flowers. S. miltiorrhiza plants were treated with 15% PEG(simulation of drought), and hormones salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and ethephon, respectively, and the expression of 14-3-3 gene peaked at the early stage of induction. Therefore, the gene can quickly respond to abiotic stresses such as drought and plant hormone treatments such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. This study lays the foundation for revealing the molecular mechanism of 14-3-3 protein regulating tanshinone biosynthesis and responding to biotic and abiotic stresses.

High value-added extracellular polymer substance (EPS) extracted from excess sludge can effectively promote resource recovery from wastewater. EPS can replace traditional alginate in the food, medicine, textile, printing and dyeing, papermaking, and household chemicals industries. Moreover, its unique performance as a flame retardant has shown attractive potential for aircraft including space shuttles. This is due to the complicated chemical structure and composition of EPS, the excellent compatibility, adhesion, and other advantages of which could yield environmental-friendly flame-retardants. Therefore, a systematic analysis and summary on the mechanisms of EPS as flame retardants is of significance for future application. On the basis of the advantages and disadvantages of other fire-resistant materials on the market, the characteristics and application potential of EPS are analyzed and summarized. Second, the possible fire-resistant mechanisms of phosphorus and alginate-like substance (ALE) in EPS are revealed, and the synergistic flame-retardant effects of extracellular-proteins are also elucidated. Based on this, the flame-retardant characteristics of EPS are comprehensively evaluated and compared with other fire-resistant materials. To further improving the performance of EPS as a flame-retardant material, some modification strategies are proposed, such as increasing their phosphorus content, purifying and enhancing the content of ALE in EPS, and optimizing the modification methods of EPS on their substrates.

Chinese medicine is the treasure of China. It has been the safe guard of health in China for thousands of years. Processing of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important process of removing crude extracts from natural products and achieving pharmacological properties of TCM. The connotation and norms of herbal preparation in the past dynasties have been improved gradually, and have been included in the code system since the Tang Dynasty. The process of legislative evolution is closely related to the fate and development of TCM. In the era of full-scale rejuvenation of Chinese medicine, with the development of Chinese medicine industry to 4.0, the perfection of the standards and standard system with the construction of quality standardization of Chinese medicine as the core, especially under the Pharmacopoeia system, is the important support and guarantee for the promotion of the whole industry, which is also an important part of the rejuvenation of the entire Chinese medicine industry., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction pieces refer to prescription drugs that can be used in clinical or preparation production after processing medicinal herbs. TCM decoction pieces industries are inherited from the culture of TCM and are important because of their independent intellectual property rights. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Ch. P) 2010 edition stipulated that "All drugs taken are decoction pieces", which raised the drug status to statutory law for the first time and clearly specified that TCM decoction pieces should be applied to TCM prescription deployment and production of proprietary Chinese medicines. It also pointed out that "The specifications of the decoction pieces used in the preparation should comply with the requirements of the actual process of the corresponding formulation type". For a long time, both the processing methods and the specification grades of the clinically used pieces of Chinese medicine were based on the inheritance and supported by the classical theory and method system centered on TCM processing. However, the theoretical research and specification standards of the decoction pieces used in the production of proprietary Chinese medicines based on modern industry are scarce, and this has led to a series of problems related to the industry, making the processing of decoction pieces becoming a limiting factor in the promotion of the Chinese medicine industry. Aiming at the existing problems of the TCM decoction pieces industry, this article was guided by the standardization system of TCM based on the concept of whole-process quality control, combined with the reference to the Japanese Kampo medicine industry's feeding mode and the reflection on the combination of traditional Chinese medicine processing and modern industry, as well as the study of the core law of the whole-process of TCM production, etc. Industrial decoction pieces and the idea of building a standardized system of TCM industry decoction pieces based on the whole-process quality control were discussed in this paper, which can provide insights for exploring the effective fusion between TCM processing theory and classic heritage and modern manufacturing and can provide the basis for the establishment of a standardized system for industrial decoction pieces based on whole-process quality control of TCM. It can also offer reference for the development of the advantages of geo-authentic crude drug and the establishment of high spots of industry decoction pieces., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To study the effects of rutin on myocardial enzyme in serum and myocardial morphology in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ)., Methods: A model of type 1 diabetic mice was established in 48 male kunming mice with daily intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 62.5 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days. 12 male Kunming mice were selected as normal group randomly. The established successfully diabetic mice were randomly divided into the model group, irbesartan group [45 mg/ (kg?d)], low-, high-dose rutin groups [50, 100 mg/ (kg?d)]. The mice in the normal and the model groups were given sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution (CMC-Na, 1 g/L) by intragastric administration respectively. After administration for 8 weeks, the levels of creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum were detected by blood biochemical analyzer. The cardiac myocardial morphology was observed by HE staining, Masson trichrome staining and electron microscope., Results: Compare to the normal group, the levels of the myocardial enzyme in serum evidently increased in the model group ( P <0.01); Compare to the model group, the levels of the myocardial enzyme in serum decreased in low-, high-dose rutin groups; The levels of HBDH and LDH declined remarkably in the high-dose rutin group relative to the low-dose group ( P <0.05); Compared to the high-dose group, the level of LDH increased in the irbesartan group ( P <0.05).Moreover, relative to the model group, the morphology of myocardial tissue, the degree of fibrosis and the ultrastructure of myocardial tissue in mice were significantly improved in low-, high-dose rutin groups, and the effects were more significant in the high-dose rutin group., Conclusion: Rutin could decrease the levels of myocardial enzyme in serum in diabetic mice, improve the cardiac cell morphology and alleviate myocardial injury., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Background: Concurrent twice-daily radiotherapy with chemotherapy of EP regimen is one of the current standard treatments for limited-stage small cell lung cancer. However, the safely tolerated dose of standard chemotherapy for Chinese patients is not decided. This study was to evaluate the toxicity and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of etoposide and cisplatin concurrent with thoracic radiation therapy for patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer., Methods: Patients with histologically proven limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) were eligible. The patients underwent thoracic radiotherapy (45 Gy, 1.5 Gy bid, 30 fractions for 3 weeks) delivered concurrently with etoposide (100 mg/m2 iv, days 1-3) and cisplatin dose escalating from the two levels ( 70 mg/m2 and 75 mg/m2 on d1). The primary endpoints were hematologic toxicities during treatment. The secondary endpoints were non-hematologic toxicities, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). According to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4.0 (CTC-AE 4.0), maximum tolerant dosage (MTD) was defined as the highest safely tolerated dose at which no more than one patient out of six experiences dose-limiting toxicity (Grades 4 hematologic), with the next higher dose having at least two out of six patients experience dose-limiting toxicity., Results: From January 2013 to August 2016, 20 patients were enrolled in this study. The median age was 49.5 (30-68). After the first 6 patients were enrolled in Arm 1 (70 mg/m2 on d1), one patient had Grade 4 neutropenia. Another 14 patients were enrolled in Arm 2 (75 mg/m2 on d1), one patient had Grade 4 neutropenia. The MTD was determined to be etoposide (100 mg/m2 iv, d1-d3) and cisplatin dose (75 mg/m2 on d1). 4 patients had ≥Grade 3 neutropenia and 1 patients had ≥Grade 3 acute esophagitis in Arm 1. 10 patients had ≥Grade 3 neutropenia and no patient had ≥Grade 3 acute esophagitis in Arm 2. All patients with a median follow-up time was 9.0 months, median OS and PFS were not achieved, 1-year OS and PFS were 91% and 61%, respectively., Conclusions: The MTD of RT with concurrent chemotherapy of EP regimen for patients with LS-SCLC was etoposide (100 mg/m2 iv, d1-d3) and cisplatin dose (75 mg/m2 on d1).
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Background: Twice-daily radiation concurrent with chemotherapy is one of the standard methods for limited-stage small cell lung cancer. The study was to evaluate the feasibility of chemotherapy concurrent with dose-escalating twice-daily radiotherapy by simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) approach in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer., Methods: Patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer were included, treated with twice-daily radiotherapy by SIB-IMRT concurrent with chemotherapy of etoposide plus cisplatin. Dose escalation was conducted by "classical" 3+3 methods with three patients enrolled in each dose level. The therapeutic gross tumor volume (GTV) was treated according to three consecutive dose levels i.e., 45 Gy at 1.5 Gy twice daily, 50 Gy at 1.67 Gy twice daily and 54 Gy at 1.8 Gy twice daily. The planning target volume (PTV) received a dose of 45 Gy delivered in 30 fractions of 1.5 Gy. The primary endpoints were acute toxicities. The secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and loco-regional failure-free survival (LRFFS) at 1-year of follow-up., Results: Twenty men and six women were included. The median age was 52 (30-68) months. 12 patients experienced grade 2 acute esophagitis, and 1 patient developed grade 3 acute esophagitis. Only 3 patients developed Grade 2 pneumonitis. Grade 3 or higher radiation-related pneumonia was not observed. None died of treatment-related causes. With median follow-up of 11.2 months (3.2-36.2 months), 1-year OS, PFS and LRFFS were 89.0%, 51.0% and 85.0%, respectively., Conclusions: Dose escalation for twice-daily radiation concurrent with chemotherapy in LS-SCLC has been safely achieved up to 54 Gy for GTV using SIB-IMRT technique.

To explicate the structure and dynamics of dominant tree populations of the natural se-condary forest in Mulanweichang, the canopy stratum composition, diameter class structure, static life table, survival curve, mortality curve, survival function and the time series prediction were studied. The results showed that there were 9 populations in canopy stratum, with Acer mono, Quercus mongolica, Tilia mandshurica and Betula platyphylla as the dominant populations. The survival curve of A. mono and T. mandshurica populations approximately belonged to Deevey-2 type, while that of Q. mongolica population and B. platyphylla population belonged to Deevey-3 type and Deevey-2 type, respectively. With the increase of diameter class, the mortality rate curves and the vanishing rate curves of all tree populations changed similarly. The maximum mortality rate and va-nishing rate of A. mono, Q. mongolica and T. mandshurica populations appeared in 4,1and1diameter class, respectively. B. platyphylla changed little over all diameter classes. The 4 survival functions showed that A. mono, Q. mongolica and T. mandshurica populations declined at early stage, but became relatively stable at intermediate and late stages. The B. platyphylla population had no obvious change. The time series prediction showed that the number of small-sized (1-2) individuals of B. platyphylla decreased gradually and tended to decline, while the populations of A. mono, Q. mongolica and T. mandshurica were fairly stable. We suspected that A. mono, Q. mongo-lica and T. mandshurica would finally dominate within this natural secondary forest.

Objective: To examine the secretion and localization of Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry protein 16 （ROP16） during invasion of different strains of T. gondii into host cells., Methods: The Tgrop16 gene was amplified by PCR on the cDNA of T. gondii RH strain, subcloned into the plasmid pET-32a（+）, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21（DE3） under the induction of isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside. New Zealand rabbit was immuned with the expressed recombinant protein TgROP16 to produce polyclonal anti-TgROP16 antibody. The specificity and sensitivity of the polyclonal antibody were examined by Western blotting and indirect ELISA, respectively. The transcriptional and protein levels of Tgrop16 in T. gondii RH strain and Pru strain were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The secretion and distribution of TgROP16 in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) during the invasion by T. gondii RH strain and Pru strain were examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA)., Results: Western blotting showed a specific band at M(r) of ～100 000, indicating that the specific rabbit-derived anti-TgROP16 polyclonal antibody was capable of recognizing TgROP16. Indirect ELISA revealed a titer of 1:25 600 for the antibody. The relative expression level of Tgrop16 in Pru strain［（7.786±0.206）］ was 7 times than that in RH strain［（1.000±0.110）］（P<0.05） as detected by real-time PCR, and TgROP16 protein level was higher in RH strain than in Pru strain. IFA showed that TgROP16 was localized on the apical complex of the unrecruited tachyzoite of T. gondii before invasion and was secreted out of the recruited tachyzoite after invasion., Conclusion: The anti-TgROP16 polyclonal antibody has high specificity and sensitivity. The TgROP16 protein level is higher in the RH strain than in the Pru strain. For both strains, TgROP16 is localized on the apical complex of the unrecruited tachyzoite before invasion and secreted out of the recruited tachyzoite during invasion.

With retrospective case study, this paper classified, summerized and evaluated 47 reports induced by ozonic therapeutic instrument. The results showed:25 cases of adverse events were clearly related to the use of instruments;the cases mainly reported by equipment use enterprises; the delay treatment by instrument failure was the most common adverse event performances;adverse events might be relevant to the risk factors of product quality, technical operation, patient specificity and instrument disinfection. Monitoring should be strengthened in order to reduce the ozonic therapeutic instrument adverse events and maintenance of public safety.

By analyzing the sampled data and the SOC data of the second national soil survey by the mid 80s and the national cultivated land quality evaluation in 2006 in Zhuanglang County, the article studied the cropland topsoil organic carbon sequestration potential estimation using several different methods. The results showed that: (1) There was no significant difference among different estimation methods about cropland carbon sequestration potential in the same region. Taking cropland carbon sequestration potential in Zhuanglang County for example, the theoretical values estimated by maximum value method and classification grading method were 1. 13 Mt and 1.09 Mt, respectively. (2) The real values estimated by classification grading method, saturation method, weighting method were 0.37 Mt, 0.32 Mt, 0.28 Mt, respectively, which were about 1/3 of the theoretical value. (3) The SOC density increments to reach the real level of carbon sequestration potential estimated by classification grading method, saturation method and weighting method were 6.76 t · hm⁻², 5.21 t · hm⁻², 4.56 t · hm⁻² respectively. According to the topsoil carbon sequestration rate of cropland in Zhuanglang county in the recent 30 a, it would need about 24-34 a to achieve the real level. (4) At the county scale, the weighted method was superior to the saturation value method, and the saturation value method was better than the classification grading method in the actual carbon sequestration potential estimation. The classification grading method was better than the maximum value method in the ideal carbon sequestration potential estimation.

In this paper, we prepared a type of composite microspheres embedded with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for efficient inhalation delivery of tetrandrine (Tet), which is a traditional Chinese medicine for anticancer, and studied its morphology, drug release profile, cytotoxicity and cellular uptake behavior. PLGA nanoparticles loading tetrandrine were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method, and composite microspheres were prepared by spray drying method with mannitol as matrix due to its osmotic effect. Scanning electronic microscopy, dynamic light scattering laser particle analyzer and confocal microscopy were applied to characterize the morphology and size of the microspheres. The drug loading rate, drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release properties were explored by RP-HPLC. The cytotoxicity in A549 cells between crude drug of Tet and Tet-loaded microspheres were compared by MTT assay. The cellular uptake behavior of microspheres in A549 cells was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The resultant microspheres were composed of 189 nm PLGA nanoparticles exhibited sizes ranging from 1 to 3 μm, with the highest deposition efficiency. The microspheres can easily be dissolved in a mimic lung environment and release redispersible PLGA nanoparticles. Compared with crude drug of Tet, Tet-loaded microspheres showed a certain sustained release property and higher cytotoxicity effect to A549 cells. The cellular uptake experiment demonstrated a higher excellent penetration ability of cells to nanoparticles and time-dependent uptake process. This study provides a basis for developing new inhalation therapies for lung cancer., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

To assess the clinical use and occurrence of adverse reactions of Xiyanping injection, and to provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. Based on hospital central monitoring method, the clinical data of Xiyanping injection in our hospital in 2014 was tracked and analyzed. A total of 848 inpatients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 39.9% were not in accordance with the medication purpose. In practice, the dose more than the limits prescribed by the instructions of child and adult were accounted for 1.72% and 6.62%, respectively; improper choice of solvent, accounting for 3.18%; both the choice of versus intravenous drip and aerosol inhalati administration route were reasonable; mixed with other drug, accounting for 2.24%. The incidence of ADR of Xiyanping injection was 0.12%, which showed good safety. Irrational use of Xiyanping injection existed in clinics, and the use should be strengthened and regulated. The manufacturer should improve the drug instruction of usage and dosage., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: Monitoring and analyzing CSF flow control shunts adverse event reports by SRS provide a reference for the safe and reasonable use., Methods: Retrospective analysis of 177 CSF flow control shunts adverse event reports, to proceed data mining analysis and early warning., Results: 170 cases of adverse events in 177 cases may be related to the use of CSF flow control shunts. Ventricular dilatation and infection were the most common adverse event performances, according for 21.2% and 19.4% respectively. Adverse events might be relevant to the risk factors of product quality, surgical operation, patient pathological conditions.., Conclusion: Monitoring should be strengthened in order to reduce the CSF flow control shunts adverse events and maintain public safety.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of calcineurin in the down-regulation of left ventricular transmural voltage-dependent K(+) currents in heart failure. Transverse aorta was banded by using microsurgical techniques to create mouse heart failure model. Sham-operated (Sham) or aorta banded (Band) mice were randomized to receive calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) or vehicle. The densities and kinetic properties of voltage-dependent K(+) currents, as well as action potential (AP), of left ventricular subendocardial (Endo) and subepicardial (Epi) myocytes were determined by using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The results showed that calcineurin activity was significant higher in Endo myocytes than that in Epi ones in all the groups. Compared with Sham group, Band mice showed significantly increased calcineurin activity both in Endo and Epi myocytes. CsA significantly reduced calcineurin activity in Band mice. CsA treatment in Band mice partially reversed the down-regulation of Ito density, completely reversed the down-regulation of IK,slow density both in Endo and Epi myocytes, and Iss density in Endo myocytes. In addition, CsA treatment in Band mice partially antagonized the prolongation of action potential duration (APD), and APD at 50% (APD50) and 90% repolarization (APD90) were significantly reduced. Because of non-parallel shortening of APD in Endo and Epi myocytes, the ratio of Endo/Epi APD90 was reduced from 4.8:1 in Band mice to 2.6:1 in CsA-treated mice, which was close to that in Sham mice. The results suggest that non-parallel activation of calcineurin in Endo and Epi myocytes contributes to the down-regulation of transmural voltage-dependent K(+) currents and the amplification of transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) in left ventricular failure hearts. Inhibition of calcineurin may be a potential new therapeutic strategy to prevent and cure arrhythmias and sudden death in heart failure.

By analysing the sampled data and the results of the second national soil survey by the mid 80 s in Zhuanglang County, the article studied on the changes and influencing factors of the soil organic carbon in farmland of this area in the last 30 years. Farmland samples of top soil (0-20 cm) were collected and analyzed in July 2011. The results showed that (1) The average contents of the soil organic carbon in the county's farmlands were 6.80 g x kg(-1) in 1985 and 8.90 g x kg(-1) in 2011. It increased by 30.9% in the past 30 years, which appeared as a carbon sink effect. The area of increasing contents of soil organic carbon accounted for about 90% of the county's farmland area. (2) Under the available management measures and farmland input, the loessal soil organic carbon stability level was 11.0 g x kg(-1), The SOC accumulation rate showed that the farther the SOC was from the stability level the more quickly it changed, and the closer the SOC was from the stability level the slower it changed. (3) The SOC changes was affected by the altitude, the primary content of organic carbon, and the soil types and so on, in which the greatest contribution factor was the altitude, the influence of the primary content of organic carbon, soil type, production and organic fertilizer on soil organic carbon change was smaller, and the slope aspect had the smallest effect on soil organic carbon change.

Objective: To investigate the effects of sodium alginate gels on marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for repair of spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice., Methods: In the present study, effects of different sterilization methods and concentrations of sodium alginate gels were examined. Marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) were isolated from mice and cultured. Cells were cultured with sodium alginate gels and MTT assay was applied to determine the cell viability. Mice spinal cord injury was induced by spinal cord transection. mMSCs were transplanted into the cavity of injured spinal cord with sodium alginate gels. The effects of sodium alginate gel were assessed by BMS scales and immunofluorescence staining for NF-200., Results: Compared with liquid form, solid form sodium alginate gel prepared with high pressure vapor sterilization had a better effect on cell viability. SCI mice treated with 10 % sodium alginate gel and mMSCs achieved higher score in BMS scale as well as higher expression of NF-200 compared with the untreated SCI group., Conclusion: Sodium alginate gel prepared with solid form sterilization induces mMSCs proliferation and thus can be used as the carrier of stem cell in treatment of SCI.

Objective: To compare the effects of increased posterior tibial slope or partial posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) release on knee kinematics of total knee arthroplasty (TKA)., Methods: Anteroposterior laxity, rotational laxity, varus and valgus laxity and maximum flexion angle were evaluated in 6 normal cadaver knees and the knees after TKA at flexion 0 degrees , 30 degrees , 60 degrees , 90 degrees and 120 degrees . Then the femoral prosthesis was shifted 5 mm posteriorly to simulate the tightly implanted knee. The same tests were performed on the tightly implanted knees. After that, the posterior tibial slope was increased 4 degrees or the PCL was partially released, and the same tests were made as in the normal knees respectively. Statistical analysis of the results was made using student's t test., Results: Anteroposterior laxity, rotational laxity and varus and valgus laxity of the tightly implanted knees at flexion 30 degrees , 60 degrees , 90 degrees and 120 degrees were significantly less than those of the normal TKA knees (P < 0.05). Compared with the tightly implanted knees, anteroposterior laxity, rotational laxity and varus and valgus laxity at flexion 30 degrees , 60 degrees , 90 degrees and 120 degrees significantly improved after increased 4 degrees posterior tibial slope (P < 0.05); in the partial PCL released group, anteroposterior laxity at flexion 30 degrees , 60 degrees , 90 degrees and 120 degrees was significantly improved (P < 0.05), varus and valgus laxity was significantly improved only at flexion 90 degrees (P < 0.05), and rotational laxity was significantly improved at flexion 30 degrees , 60 degrees and 90 degrees (P < 0.05). Compared with PCL released group, varus and valgus laxity at flexion 30 degrees , 60 degrees and 90 degrees and rotational laxity at flexion 0 degrees , 30 degrees , 60 degrees and 90 degrees were significantly improved in the group of increased 4 degrees posterior tibial slope (P < 0.05). Maximum flexion angle of the tightly implanted knee (120.4 degrees ) was less than that of the normal TKA knees (130.3 degrees , P < 0.05) and that of increased 4 degrees posterior tibial slope group (131.1 degrees , P < 0.05). There was no significant difference at the maximum flexion angle between the increased 4 degrees posterior tibial slope group and the PCL released group (131.1 degrees vs 124.0 degrees , P = 0.0816)., Conclusions: Anteroposterior laxity, varus and valgus laxity, rotational laxity and maximum flexion angle of the tightly implanted knees are less than those of the normal TKA knees. After increased 4 degrees posterior tibial slope, these indexes are improved significantly. Partial PCL released can significantly improve the anteroposterior laxity and had less effect on the varus and valgus laxity, rotational laxity and maximum flexion angle. So, a knee that is tight in flexion can be more likely to be corrected by increasing posterior tibial slope than by partially releasing PCL.

Transmural electrical heterogeneity plays an important role in the normal dispersion of repolarizaion and propagation of excitation in the heart. The amplification of transmural electrical heterogeneity contributes to the genesis of arrhythmias in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. We established a mouse model with cardiac failure by aortic banding and investigated the possible contribution of L-type calcium current (I(Ca-L)) to transmural electrical heterogeneity in both normal and failing hearts. Single myocytes were enzymatically isolated from subendocardial and subepicardial myocardium of the free left ventricle wall. The recordings of action potential and I(Ca-L) were performed using the conventional whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The results showed that: (1) The action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD(90)) of the subendocardial myocytes in normal control mice was (38.2 +/- 6.44) ms, which was significantly longer than that of the subepicardial myocytes [(15.672 +/- 5.31) ms]. The ratio of APD(90) for subendocardial/subepicardial myocytes was about 2.5:1. The peak I(Ca-L) density in subendocardial myocytes was (-2.7 +/- 0.49) pA/pF, which was not different from that in subepicardial myocytes [(-2.54 +/- 0.53) pA/pF]. (2) In failing hearts, both action potential duration at 50% repolarization (APD(50)) and APD(90) were remarkably prolonged either in subendocardial or subepicardial myocytes compared to that in sham hearts. The subendocardial myocytes had much longer APD. The ratio of APD(90) for subendocardial/subepicardial myocytes changed to about 4.2:1. (3) I(Ca-L) density in subendocardial myocytes was significantly decreased in failing hearts compared with that in sham hearts. At four test potentials from +10 mV to +40 mV, the density of I(Ca-L) from subendocardial myocytes in failing hearts was decreased by 20.2%, 21.4%, 21.6% and 25.7%, respectively (P<0.01). However, no significant difference was observed in I(Ca-L) density from subepicardial myocytes in failing hearts. There was no significant difference in the kinetic properties of I(Ca-L) in subendocardial and subepicardial myocytes between the band and sham groups. We conclude that I(Ca-L) may not contribute to the physiological transmural electrical heterogeneity in mouse hearts. The electrical heterogeneity is exaggerated and the density of I(Ca-L) is decreased in the subendocardial myocytes, but not in the subepicardial myocytes in failing hearts. The results obtained suggest that the decreased density of I(Ca-L) in subendocardial myocytes is possibly an adaptive response to the prolongation of action potential due to delayed depolarization and may reduce the transmural dispersion of repolarization in heart failure.

Objective: To analyze heat transfer process in skin tissues subjected to hot water and thus to predict the extent of scald., Method: Basing on Pennes' Bio-heat Equation, a model for characterizing the damage process in tissues was presented and used for its analysis., Result: Temperature distribution in the tissues during the process and the time of beginning of scald were numerically obtained. It was found that the effects of different initial temperature distribution, convection coefficients between the hot water and the tissue surfaces, and the temperature of the hot water are significant., Conclusion: The transient heat transfer behavior in multi-layer tissues subjected to hot water can be predicted by the present model. It is useful in the clinical diagnosis and therapy for the scald caused by hot water.

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method, which is relatively simple, rapid and effective for echinacoside determination in Congrong spirit, has been developed. With this method, the peak of echinacoside could be separated completely from other interfering components in the spirit. The chromatographic conditions used were a reversed-phase C18 column at 25 degrees C with detection wavelength at 330 nm and CH3CN-1% HAc (14:86 in volume ratio) as mobile phase. A good linear relationship has been obtained between 0.52 microgram to 2.60 micrograms of echinacoside. The recovery was 99.7%.