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In order to explore the different effects of Central Pacific El Niño (CP) and Eastern Pacific El Niño (EP) on the occurrence of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) in South China and the underlying climatic causes. Based on the light--trap data of N. lugens and meteorological data from 1979 to 2020, the effects of different meteorological conditions of two types of El Niño events on the occurrence of N. lugens in South China was discussed by means of nonparametric tests, correlation analysis and inverse distance weight. The results showed as follows: (1) there was a significant difference between the effects of CP events and EP events on the occurrence of N. lugens in South China, with CP events being more likely to trigger a large occurrence of N. lugens immigration in South China. (2) The occurrence degree of N. lugens in South China was significantly affected by the atmospheric temperature fields during the impact of CP events, whereas it was affected not only by the atmospheric temperature fields but also by the precipitation during an EP events. (3) The differences of atmospheric temperature fields and atmospheric circulation situation between the two types of El Niño events were the main reasons for the different occurrence degree of N. lugens in South China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of evidence-leased nursing intervention in preventing complications of indwening lumba cistern drainage tube. Methods 80 patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery in Zengcheng Branch of Nanfang Hospital from May 2019 to May 2020 and needed a drainage tube for lumba cistern were selected as the research objects. They were divided into two groups by random drawing; observation group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases). Among them, the control group was given routine nursing care, and the observation group was given an evidence-based nursing intervention model. The drainage tube indwening time, clearance time of bloody cerebrospinal fluid, the occurrence of drainage tube-related complications and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The drainage tube indwening time and bloody cerebrospinal fluid clearance time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (both P < 0. 05). The incidence of unplanned extubation, poor catheter drainage, excessive drainage and pressure ulcers in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group (all P < 0. 05). The observation group's satisfaction with nursing work was 92. 50%, which was significantly higher than the control group's 75.00% ( P <0.05 ). Conclusion Evidence -based nursing intervention can significantly reduce the occurrence of complications related to indwening lumba drainage tube, shorten the time of treatment, and it is helpful to increase nursing satisfaction and improve the quality of nursing, which is worthy of popularization and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To clarify the biological characteristics of Tinocallis insularis (Takahashi). [Methods] The morphology, generation periods, growth and decline rules of Tinocallis insularis were systematically studied by conducting field surveys, microscopic observation and captive rearing in Shanghai in 2016. [Results] The morphological characteristics of T. insularis are described. At T: (22.5±1), the average generation periods of the fundatrix, fundatrigenia and later generations were 11.7, 6.8 and 8.0 days, respectively. A single alate viviparous female produced 1-5 nymphs daily and 12-27 nymphs over its lifetime. The adult life span was 4-12 days, and at room temperature, the average generation periods of the fundatrix, fundatrigenia and later generations were 13.3, 9.8 and 8.4 days, respectively. T. insularis has at least 10 generations per year in Shanghai and overwinters as eggs on the branches of Sapindus mukorossi. Egg hatch from late March to early April the following year. These aphids began to appear in late March, the population peaked from mid-May to early June, began to decline in mid-June, and became very rare from late June to late September. They began to appear again in early October and had a second small population peak from late October to early November before declining in mid-November and overwintering as eggs in mid-December. Oviparous females began to occur in late October, reached peak abundance in mid- to late November, then became very rare after December 12th. [Conclusion] T. insularis is a major pest of the landscape tree, S. mukorossi, in Shanghai district. These aphids overwinter as eggs on the branches which hatch from late March to early April in the following year. The population has a major peak from mid-May to early June, a smaller peak from late October to early November, and is rarely seen from late June to late September. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A four-year (2007-2010) field experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying different amounts (7500, 15000, and 22500 kg·hm-2) of organic manure on the organic matter content, aggregate particle size distribution, and aggregate stability in different soil layers in a continuously cropped maize field on the Weibei Dry Land, Shaanxi Province of Northwest China. In 0-20 cm soil layer, the organic matter content in treatment 22500 kg·hm-2 of organic manure was 4. 1% -4. 6% higher than that in treatment 7500 kg · hm-2 of organic manure (P<0. 05), and the organic matter content in treatments 15000 and 22500 kg·hm-2 of organic manure was 4. 6% 11.2% higher than that in CK (chemical fertilization) (P<0. 05). In the fourth year (2010) of applying 7500 kg · hm-2 of organic manure, the organic matter content in 0-20 cm soil layer was 4郾7% -6郾3% higher than that of CK (P<0. 05). In 0-30 cm soil layer, all treatments with organic manure application had an increased amount of soil water stable aggregates (>5 mm), and the amount of the aggregates increased significantly with the increasing application rate of organic manure. Applying organic manure increased the amount of soil water stable aggregates (>0. 25 mm), aggregate mean mass diameter, and aggregate stability in 0-30 cm soil layer, as compared with CK, and these three indices increased significantly with increasing organic manure application rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel non-probabilistic robust design optimization model using interval analysis is presented. Based on non-linear interval number programming and function interval extension, the robustness was assessed, and the uncertain robust optimization model with interval parameters was transformed into a deterministic form, which can achieve the objective with any expected robustness level according to decision-maker, and a bi-level mathematical model is established. This model doesn't require the presumed probability distribution of uncertain factors and gradient or continuous information of constraints and objective functions. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the given method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflictive and fuzzy coupling relationships between product quality and tolerances of design variables always bring out the deviation between optimization results and design intention to a certain extent. Considering the fuzzy subjective and objective factors, which exist in engineering robust design problem, a fuzzy robust optimization model based on tolerance objectives is established using interval weighted coefficient method. Physical programming is used to describe the designers' progressive preference. A Pareto design set is obtained by controlling the interval weighted coefficients. A map from Pareto designs to their corresponding evaluation value is established using compromise programming. An interactive decision-making is carried out through improving the progressive preference by the tradeoff of the conflictive degree between objectives. The given numerical example illustrates that the proposed method can get the optimal solution which satisfies the subjective and objective uncertainties of robust design requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study regarding the effects of high level copper on mitochondria permeability of liver, lipid metabolism, liver and muscle copper content in broiler in China. The method used in the study was the 120 1-day-old healthy AA broilers divided into four groups and were fed with corn-soybean meal containing copper for 60 days. Results show that mitochondrial permeability transition pores gradually enlarged and a decreased in serum total cholesterol.

To study the mechanism of polysaccharides from seeds of Vaccaria segetalis( PSV) in the treatment of bacterial cystitis through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. The rat model of urinary tract infection was used and treated with PSV,and the urine and bladders were collected. The level of interleukin-10( IL-10) in rat urine was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expressions of sonic hedgehog( SHH) and NLRP3 inflammasome [NOD-like receptor thermoprotein domain 3( NLRP3),apoptosis associated speck like protein( ASC) and pro-caspase-1]. The expression of Toll-like receptor pathway was detected by RT-PCR. The death of 5637 cells induced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli( UPEC) and lactate dehydrogenase( LDH) release were evaluated using live/dead staining. The results showed that in the rat bladder,the expressions of SHH,NLRP3 inflammasomes and Toll-like receptors were significantly up-regulated,and NLRP3 inflammasomes were significantly activated by UPEC infection. The administration with PSV could significantly increase the concentration of IL-10 in urine,inhibit the expressions of SHH,NLRP3 inflammasomes and Toll-like receptors in bladder,and inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. A large number of 5637 cells were dead after UPEC infection and caused LDH production. PSV could significantly inhibit the death of 5637 cells and the release of LDH. In conclusion,PSV could inhibit the expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor pathway,thereby mitigating the bladder injury.

Zerumbone(ZER), one of humulane-type sesquiterpenoids, showed its unique advantage against tumor activities. The main underlying mechanisms include inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, inducing apoptosis of cancer cells and differentiation of cancer cells, regulating immune function, inhibiting invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, and reversing multidrug resistance of cancer cells. Studies on ZER focusing its cytotoxic or anti-tumor is one of hot topic. Currently, with the increasing studies on ZER, the clarified mechanisms are getting rich. The present paper describes a summary of its anti-tumor mechanism of action and helps to provide significant reference to more in-depth research.

The article researched the effect of Iris pseudacorus L., Paspalum distichum L., Leersia hexandra Swartz, Ludwigia peploides and Hydrocotyle vulgaris on the nitrogen and phosphorus repression in sandy soil from lower reaches of Yangtze River and clay from stored littoral zone. The result indicated that plants had a significant inhibitory effect on total phosphorus release from sediment, with concentration in overlaying water below 0.02 mg·L -1 in Paspalum distichum L., Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Iris pseudacorus group, below 0.03 mg·L -1 in Leersia hexandra Swartz, Ludwigia peploides group; with release rate below 0.1 d -1 in Leersia hexandra Swartz and Ludwigia peploides group, below 0.05 d -1 in Paspalum distichum L., Hydrocotyle vulgaris , Iris pseudacorus group. While the plants were proved to aggravate total nitrogen release by accumulating in sediment, with concentration in overlaying water below 0.4 mg·L -1 in Paspalum distichum and Iris pseudacorus L. group; with release rate below 0.02 mg·L -1 . Root weight density, root length density, root surface area density were major factors, which increased the proportion of particles in sediment with diameter of below 50 μm, therefore decreased sediment resuspension against hydraulic disturbance; the root system also enriched total nitrogen in sediment and absorbed phosphorus from sediment. These five kinds of plants in terrestrial-aquatic transverse actually repressed nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediment in two ways mentioned above, Paspalum distichum L. and Iris pseudacorus L. possessed the best effect due to their developed root system, followed by Leersia hexandra Swartz and Hydrocotyle vulgaris , and Ludwigia peploides had the least effect.

Objective: To verify the hypothesis if interaction between the G protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) C825T polymorphism and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) could lead to the increased risk of pre-eclampsia., Methods: Analyses of ACE and GNB3 genotypes were performed in 188 preeclamptic patients and 273 normal pregnant controls by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in Chinese population, respectively., Results: The distributions of alleles and genotypes for the GNB3 C825T and ACE I/D polymorphisms were not found to be significantly associathed with pre-eclamptic status. No significant interaction of the influence of GNB3 T allele and ACE genotypes on the risk of pre-eclampsia was observed (OR 0.439-1.203, all P>0.05). However, we found that in homozygous 825T genotype carriers with the ACE II genotype in controls diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels showed highest [(77.61 +/- 1.26) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)] among other three genotype combinations [TT/ID, (70.94 +/- 1.64) mmHg; CT/ID, (73.15 +/- 0.89) mmHg; CT/DD, (72.57 +/- 2.14) mmHg] (all P<0.05). No significant effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) or DBP levels in the patients were observed., Conclusion: Our data suggest no significant interaction of the GNB3 825T allele carriers with the ACE I/D polymorphism in pre-eclampsia in Chinese population in Chengdu area. However there is the interaction of the two genes on DBP levels in pregnancy women without pre-eclampsia in the population.

Objective: To investigate the biomechanical differences between the surgery and adjacent segments of intervertebral discs in the lower lumbar spine, which were implanted with Coflex into the segments of L4, and L5S1, respectively., Methods: Three finite-element models (the model of the intact lower lumbar sacrum,the L4.5 and L5S1 segments implanted by Coflex) were developed, respectively. According to the spinal three-column loading theory, three models were forced by the physiological loads of upright standing, flexion and extension. The stress of the different areas of the disc annulus, the changes of intervertebral dorsal height and the degree of nucleus pulposus pressure were compared and analyzed., Results: Coflex implanted into the L4.5 and L5S1 segments in compression and extension could both decrease the stress of the posterior area of intervertebral disc in the surgery segment, resist the changes of the intervertebral disc dorsal height and reduce the perssure of nucleus pulposus. Furthermore, the stress of the L5S1 segment decreased when Coflex fixed the L4.5 segment in extension. However, when Coflex fixed the L5S1 segment, the stress of L4.5 segment had no significant changes., Conclusion: Coflex fixing the L4,5 and L5S1 segments can effectively decrease the stress of the surgery segmental discs, respectively. Furthermore, Coflex fixing L4,5 segment may play a biomechanical role in reducing the stress of L5S1 segment.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of corneal thickness (CT) on the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, the agreement of IOP readings with I Care rebound tonometer (RBT) and Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), and the agreement of central and peripheral IOP values obtained by RBT., Methods: Thirty-seven eyes of 34 patients after Descemet's stripping with automated endothelium keratoplasty (DSAEK) underwent CT measurement using anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) followed by IOP evaluation with the GAT at corneal center and with the RBT at corneal center and at 1 mm from the limbus in the nasal and temporal directions. The mean IOP measurement by the RBT and measurement by the GAT were analysed by paired t test. Pearson correlation analysis were performed to assess the correlations between the measurement and the influence of CT on IOP values. Agreement between the tonometers was calculated using the Bland-Altman method., Results: IOP obtained by GAT was (16.2 ± 4.7) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), and IOP obtained from central cornea, nasal cornea and temporal cornea by RBT were (16.0 ± 5.3) mm Hg, (17.4 ± 5.0) mm Hg and (17.1 ± 5.0) mm Hg, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the IOP on central cornea obtained by GAT and RBT (t = 0.77, P = 0.446), IOP on the peripheral cornea were higher than on central cornea by RBT (t = 3.24, 3.17, P = 0.003), and they were positively correlated (r = 0.869, 0.911, P < 0.05). The IOP readings showed positive relationship to CT values. Bland-Altman scatter plots showed reasonable inter-method agreement between each technique of IOP measurements., Conclusions: After DSAEK, the IOP readings obtained by RBT or GAT show positive relationship to CT values. There are reasonable agreements between each technique of IOP measurements. Considering the special advantages, RBT is an effective method to observe the IOP changes after DSAEK.

Objective: To investigate the changes of plasma ghrelin, growth hormone (GH) and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and gastric ghrelin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to explore their clinical significances., Methods: Plasma ghrelin, GH, GHRH, TNFα, IL-6 and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 40 COPD patients and 20 controls with chronic bronchitis. Correlated factors of plasma ghrelin, TNFα, IL-6, CRP were analyzed. Body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis. The expression of gastric ghrelin in patients with COPD was detected., Results: Plasma ghrelin was higher in the underweight patients than in the normal weight patients and in the controls [(1.78 ± 0.46) ng/L, (1.39 ± 0.46) ng/L, (1.36 ± 0.39) ng/L, respectively]. Plasma GH was lower in the underweight patients than in the normal weight patients and in the controls [(4.12 ± 0.83) µg/L, (5.17 ± 0.72)µg/L, (6.49 ± 1.13) µg/L, respectively]. Plasma GHRH was lower in the underweight patients than in the normal weight patients and in the controls [(20.43 ± 4.41) ng/L, (23.47 ± 3.97) ng/L, (27.48 ± 10.06) ng/L, respectively]. Plasma ghrelin was higher in the underweight patients than in the controls (P < 0.01). Plasma ghrelin was higher in the underweight patients than in the normal weight patients with COPD. Plasma ghrelin (log transformed) was negatively correlated with BMI and percentage of body fat in the COPD patients. Plasma GHRH was positively correlated with ghrelin in the underweight patients (r = 0.515, P < 0.05), while no correlation was found between plasma GH and ghrelin in the underweight patients (r = 0.415, P > 0.05). Plasma ghrelin was positively correlated with TNFα and IL-6 in the underweight patients. The gastric expression of ghrelin showed no evident difference between the patients with COPD and the controls., Conclusions: The plasma GH in COPD patients may not be correlated with ghrelin. The plasma ghrelin level may be a useful indicator for malnutrition in COPD patients. Plasma ghrelin might be involved in the pathogenesis of CODP by affecting the body energy metabolism.

Objective: To observe the effect of transplantation of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on serum biochemical indicators and sporting ability in highly endurance-trained rats from a fasciological perspective., Methods: The ADSCs were cultured in vitro. Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 equal groups, namely the blank control group, overtraining (model) group, transplantation without training group and overtraining plus transplantation group. The rats in the two overtraining groups were subjected to exhaustive swimming for 1 week, and in the two transplantation groups, cultured allogeneic ADSCs (2×10(6)/ml) were injected via the tail vein. The exhaustion time in swimming and the serum levels of BUN, LDH, BLa, and Hb of the rats were recorded after the treatments., Results: The rats in the model group showed significantly increased serum BUN, LDH and BLa levels and decreased Hb level with a extended exhaustion time as compared with those in the blank control group (P<0.01). The BUN, LDH and BLa was significantly lower, Hb level higher and the exhaustion time significantly longer in the overtraining plus transplantation group than those in the model group (P<0.01)., Conclusions: ADSCs can effectively prolong the exhaustion time of rats during exhaustive swimming and enhance their sporting ability.

Objective: To investigate the effects of systemic transplantation of allogenic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), the main undifferentiated cells in the supporting-storing system based on the fasciology hypothesis, on the bone mineral density (BMD) and histomorphometry in rats with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) rats, and explore a new therapeutic approach for osteoporosis., Methods: Forty female adult Wistar rats were randomized equally into blank control group (A), model group (B), control treatment group (C) and treatment group (D). In groups B, C, and D, osteoporosis was induced by injection of prednisolone (8 mg/kg) via the tail vein 3 times a week for 12 consecutive weeks. After successful establishment of osteoporosis, allogenic ADSCs (3×10(6)/ml) were transplanted via the tail vein. The BMD at the L3-L5 levels and of the right femurs were detected, and the histomorphometry of the right tibias was analyzed in all the rats., Results: After prednisolone injection, the BMD of L3-L5 vertebrae and the right femurs, the percent trabecular area, trabecular thickness and trabecular number of the right tibias were all obviously lowered while the trabecular separation and osteoclast number increased in group B as compared to those in group A (P<0.05). Four weeks after ADSC transplantation, all these indices were significantly improved in group D, showing significant differences from those in group B (P<0.05) and also group C., Conclusion: Transplantation of allogenic ADSCs can restore the BMD and bone histomorphometric properties of rats with GIOP, and may serve as a potential treatment for GIOP. These results also provide partial experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis of fasciaology.

Manufacture of the small diameter FBG was designed. Cross sensitivity of temperature and strain at sensing point was solved. Based on coupled-mode theory, optical properties of the designed FBG were studied. The reflection and transmission spectra of the designed FBG in small diameter were studied A single mode optical fiber, whose cladding diameter is 80 microm, was manufactured to a fiber Bragg grating (phi80FBG). According to spectrum simulation, the grating length and period were chosen as the wavelength was 1528 nm. The connector of the small diameter FBG with demodulation was designed too. In applications, the FBG measures the total deformation including strain due to forces applied to the structures as well as thermal expansion. In order to overcome this inconvenience and to measure both parameters at the same time and location, a novel scheme for simultaneous strain and temperature sensor was presented. Since the uniform strength beam has same deformation at all points, a pair of phi80 FBG was attached on a uniform strength cantilever. One of the FBG was on the upper surface, with the other one on the below. Therefore, the strains at the monitoring points were equal in magnitude but of opposite sign. The strain and temperature in sensing point could be discriminated by matrix equation. The determination of the K is not null and thus matrix inversion is well conditioned, even the values for the K elements are close. Consequently, the cross sensitivity of the FBG with temperature and strain can be experimentally solved. Experiments were carried out to study the strain discriminability of small-diameter FBG sensors. The temperature and strain were calculated and the errors were, respectively, 5% and 6%.

Objective: To evaluate the effect and explore the complications of Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) combined with phacoemulsification cataract surgery or lens exchange in corneal endothelial dysfunction eyes with lens disorders., Methods: Retrospective case series. Eighteen consecutive cases (20 eyes) were performed DSAEK combined with lens surgery from December 2007 to December 2008 in Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital. Five cases (7 eyes) were performed DSAEK combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) insertion. Seven cases were combined with anterior chamber IOL extraction, anterior vitrectomy and posterior chamber IOL insertion. Six aphakia cases were performed with DSAEK combined with anterior vitrectomy and sclera fixation posterior chamber IOL insertion. Postoperatively, the visual acuity, corneal transparency, central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD) and complications were observed during the follow-up., Results: The irritation was disappeared in all of patients. All of the corneas became transparent. The preoperative and postoperative mean CCT of the recipient beds was 859 µm and 553 µm respectively. T value was 5.303 (t = 5.303, P < 0.01). It was extremely significant difference. The mean ECD of the donors was 2987 cells/mm(2). The ECD was 1803 cells/mm(2) in three months postoperatively. The rate of endothelial cells loss was 41%. The visual acuity improved significantly except 9 eyes which had fundus disorders. Six eyes were better than 0.8. It was 55% in normal retinal function patients (6/11). The inflammatory reaction of the anterior chamber IOL eyes was most serious. Six eyes underwent graft dislocation. Five cases underwent high intraocular pressure. One case occurred graft rejection. These complications occurred in anterior chamber IOL eyes., Conclusions: DSAEK combined with phacoemulsification cataract surgery or lens exchange is a safe and effective surgical treatment for corneal endothelial dysfunction with lens disorders. More complications occur in anterior chamber IOL eyes. DSAEK should be cautiously chosen in abnormal iris and chamber angle structural eyes.

Influenza virus is a virus causing upper respiratory tract infection disease with high morbidity and mortality. China is considered as an area with high rate of influenza morbidity. Prevention and treatment of influenza currently rely on vaccines and antiviral agents in the world. In addition, traditional Chinese medicines also have been used in clinical for influenza therapy. In vitro anti-influenza virus activities of 10 traditional Chinese medicines were studied by cytopathic effect (CPE). Qingre Jiedu oral liquid (factory H) had strong antiviral activity against influenza virus A/Guangdong Luohu/219/2006 (H1N1); Yinhuang oral liquid had strong antiviral activity against influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 and A/Yuefang/243/72 (H3N2). Qingkailing oral liquid (factory G) had strong antiviral activity against influenza virus A/Jifang/15/90 (H3N2). Qingre Jiedu oral liquid (factory H) had strong antiviral activity against influenza virus A/Jifang/15/90, A/Yuefang/243/72 (H3N2) and virus B.

Ribavirin is a broad-spectrum inhibitor against several unrelated DNA or RNA viruses in vitro and in vivo. In this paper the in vitro and in vivo study of anti-influenza virus activity of ribavirin (RBV) injection had been reported. The in vitro antiviral activity of ribavirin injection against influenza virus A and B was studied by CPE. The in vivo protective action of ribavirin injection against influenza A/FM/1/47(H1N1) mouse adapted strain infected mouse was studied with mouse model. The results showed ribavirin injection has strong inhibitory activity against 7 virus strains tested in vitro. Ribavirin injection could significantly increase virus infected mouse survival rate and survival days and improve lung pathogen and lung index.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the total saponin of Panax ginseng (TSPG) on gene expression profile of K562 cells using microarray technique., Methods: The total RNA were extracted and purified from K562 cells treated by 200 microg/ml TSPG for 3 days, and untreated K562 cells cultured in parallel served as the control. cRNAs were synthesized and labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 respectively. The labeled cRNA fragments were hybridized with Agilent human 1B 60 mer oligonucleotide microarray, which was then scanned to reveal the changes of gene expression profile in relation to TSPG treatment., Results: Totally 362 differentially expressed genes were identified in TSPG-treated K562 cells, including 20 up-regulated ones (consisting of metabolism-associated genes, signal transduction-associated genes and cell receptor-associated genes etc) and 342 down-regulated ones (consisting of immunity and defense-associated genes, DNA-binding and transcription genes, metabolism-associated genes and cell cycle-associated genes etc). Changes in expressions of FOSL1, E2F2, CCNE2 and ODZ1 were confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR., Conclusions: TSPG may induce changes in the gene expression profile in k562 cells possibly relevant to the anti-tumor mechanism of TSPG.

Objective: To study quality test, and establish quality classification standard of Platycodon grandiflorum., Method: The seed quality and planting quality of P. grandiflorum from different producing areas and in different growing years were measured., Result and Conclusion: The range of seed purity, weight per 1000 seeds, seed moisture content,seed viability were determined and the primary seed quality classification standard was established.

Objective: To investigate the optimal extraction process of polysaccharides from S. fusiforme by enzymatic treatment., Method: The optimum extraction conditions were obtained by the experiment with the orthogonal design. The content of polysaccharides of S. fusiforme was determined by spectraphotometry., Result: The amount of enzyme and temperature significantly affected total polysaccharides of S. fusiforme., Conclusion: The optimum extraction conditions include the addition of 1. 2 x 10 (4) U x 100 g(-1) enzyme into water at pH 4. 5, and the subsequent treatment for 10 min while the temperature is maintained at 45 degrees C.

Objective: To investigate the influences of lightness and temperature on seeds germination of Salvia officinalis, and offer the basis for the standardized cultivation of S. officinalis., Method: The morphological characters, 1 000-grains weight and rate of water absorption of the seed were observed, the germination capacity, percent of germination power and germination index at the five different degrees: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 degrees C were also measared., Result: 1 000-grains weight of the seeds was 8.03 g, the rate of water absorption is 49% within 24 h, the highest rate of germination capacity reached 85.33%, the germination index is 45.56., Conclusion: The lightness and 25 degrees C are the most suitable parameters for the seed germination of S. officinalis.

Objective: To understand the effect of illumination, temperature on the germination of the Prunella vulgaris seeds., Method: The general germination method., Result: Illumination showed no clearly effect on the germination rate of the P. vulgaris seeds under proper temperature condition; However, illumination was the main factor to determine the germination rate of the P. vulgaris seeds when the temperature condition was unsuitable. The germination rate of the P. vulgaris seeds decreased with the time and increased when the marinating time was from 12 to 36 hours. When temperature reached 5-25 9 degrees C, the trend of the germination rate increased at frst and then decreased., Conclusion: The optimal germination condition of P. vulgaris seeds is 12 h of marinating time at the temperature of 20 degrees C under illumination.

Objective: To study of exogenous substances on the germination rate of Platycodon grandiflorum and offer the basis for the standardized culture of P. grandiflorum., Method: At 25 degrees C, under darkness and lightness, do pretreatmeats on seeds by using GA3, H2O2, KMnO4, PEG at different concentrations., Result: The results indicated that the pretreatments with GA3 at a concentrating of 50-250 mg x L(-1) and 1%-2% of H2O2 could increase germination of P. grandiflorum seed at a certain degree. Contrariwise 0.1%-0.5% of KMnO4 and 15%-35% of PEG inhibited the germination., Conclusion: Pretreatment with 50-250 mg x L(-1)GA3 and H2O2 at a low cencontration could increase the seed germination of P. grandiflorum.

Objective: To find out the optimal condition for the germination by studying the effects of light, temperature, seed soaking and cultivation condition on Platycodon grandiflourm, and offer the basis for standardized culture of P. grandflorum., Method: The rate of water absorption of the seed was determined. The germination of P. grandiflorum seed was tested under following conditions: treatments under different temperature (10,15,20,25,30 degrees C), light treatments (light and dark), seed soaking time (12,24,36 h) and different germination cultivation conditions (on filter paper, between filter paper, between gauze,on gauze)., Result: The water absorption of the seeds reached the maximal 120% within 36 h at 25 degrees C. The time of seeds soaking had limited effect on the germination of the seed, while temperature and light condition showed significant effects on the germination., Conclusion: The optimal condition for the germination of the seed of P. grandiflorum is as follow:seed soaking for 12 h, and 25 degrees C underlight.

Objective: To screen and identify differentially expressed genes between a fertile patient and another infertile patient who belonged to a large Chinese pedigree affected with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)., Methods: We constructed the forward and reversed subtracted libraries using genital skin fibroblasts (GSF), which were obtained from the fertile patient MJ and infertile patient ZGJ, as tester respectively. Candidate clones were screened with colony in situ hybridization, dot blot, and Southern blot analysis step by step and conformed with Northern blot analysis. The potential positive clones were sequenced and the homology of the sequences was analyzed., Results: The forward and reversed subtracted libraries containing differentially expressed pattern of two GSF cell lines were constructed. Two positive clones identified by Northern blot were obtained in the reversed subtracted library. Eleven candidate clones from the two libraries that failed to hybridize with both RNA populations were obtained simultaneously, which might represent differentially expressed low abundance transcripts. Sequencing results and homology analysis demonstrated that the two positive clones were significantly homologous with the genes of autotaxin-t and calcium binding protein calcyclin (S100A6), respectively., Conclusions: Two positive clones and eleven clones showing no hybridization signals may represent differentially expressed genes between the two GSFs. This finding may be useful to elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to phenotypic variation and preserved fertility of the AIS pedigree.

Objective: To explore the relationship between paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene Gln192Arg polymorphism and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Chinese., Methods: A total of 165 AD patients and 174 age-matched control subjects were enrolled in this study for examination of PON1 Gln192Arg and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)., Results: The distribution of PON1 allelic and genotypic frequencies did not significantly differ between AD patients and the control subjects, even after the stratification by ApoE-epsilon4 status., Conclusion: Gln192Arg polymorphism of the PON1 gene is not associated with sporadic AD in Chinese.