Biological characteristics of Tinocallis insularis (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Drepanosiphidae).

[Objectives] To clarify the biological characteristics of Tinocallis insularis (Takahashi). [Methods] The morphology, generation periods, growth and decline rules of Tinocallis insularis were systematically studied by conducting field surveys, microscopic observation and captive rearing in Shanghai in 2016. [Results] The morphological characteristics of T. insularis are described. At T: (22.5±1), the average generation periods of the fundatrix, fundatrigenia and later generations were 11.7, 6.8 and 8.0 days, respectively. A single alate viviparous female produced 1-5 nymphs daily and 12-27 nymphs over its lifetime. The adult life span was 4-12 days, and at room temperature, the average generation periods of the fundatrix, fundatrigenia and later generations were 13.3, 9.8 and 8.4 days, respectively. T. insularis has at least 10 generations per year in Shanghai and overwinters as eggs on the branches of Sapindus mukorossi. Egg hatch from late March to early April the following year. These aphids began to appear in late March, the population peaked from mid-May to early June, began to decline in mid-June, and became very rare from late June to late September. They began to appear again in early October and had a second small population peak from late October to early November before declining in mid-November and overwintering as eggs in mid-December. Oviparous females began to occur in late October, reached peak abundance in mid- to late November, then became very rare after December 12th. [Conclusion] T. insularis is a major pest of the landscape tree, S. mukorossi, in Shanghai district. These aphids overwinter as eggs on the branches which hatch from late March to early April in the following year. The population has a major peak from mid-May to early June, a smaller peak from late October to early November, and is rarely seen from late June to late September. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]