Search

Objective To systematically evaluate the incidence and influencing factors of postoperative renal dysfunction in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Methods The cohort studies and case-control studies related to postoperative renal function damage of patients undergoing radical cystectomy were retrieved from China HowNet, VIP, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Embasedatabases. The retrieval time is from the establishment of the database to September 30, 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and article quality assessment based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mata analysis was carried out on the literature with Stata14.0 software. Results A total of 11 articles were included. Meta-analysis showed that the heterogeneity of the included studies was large (I² = 92.5%, P < 0.001) . Based on the random effect model, the incidence of renal function damage after radical cystectomy was 32% [95%CI (0.25, 0.35), P < 0.001], and subgroup analysis showed that the research duration was 5 years or more 30% [95%CI (0.24, 0.37), P < 0.001], the study area was Asia 35% [95% CI (0.28, 0.42) in Asia, P < 0.001], the postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate was < 45 mL/ ( min·1.73m² ) as the evaluation standard of renal function damage 33% [95%CI ( 0.29, 0.36), P < 0.001]and cohort studies 39% [95%CI (0.26, 0.52), P < 0.001]is higher. The influencing factors of postoperative renal dysfunction were age [HR = 1.03, 95%CI (1.02, 1.04)], hypertension [HR = 2.14, 95%CI (1.32, 3.40)], hydronephrosis [HR = 1.89, 95%CI (1.50, 2.36)], urinary tract infection [HR = 1.35, 95%CI (1.13, 1.61)] and Anastomotic stenosis [HR = 2.53, 95%CI (1.77, 3.61)]. Conclusion The incidence of renal function damage after radical cystectomy is high, which is closely related to age, history of hypertension, postoperative hydronephrosis, urinary tract infection and anastomotic stenosis. Medical staff should strengthen the monitoring of postoperative renal function and formulate effective measures for related influencing factors to reduce the incidence of renal function damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

] Objective To investigate the self-efficacy and coping style of elderly patients with radical cystectomy and ureterostomy, and analyze their influencing factors. Methods A total of 72 elderly patients who underwent radical cystectomy with ureterostomy from January 2018 to June 2021 were selected for this study. The General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES) and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used to assess the self-efficacy and coping styles of all patients. A baseline data questionnaire designed by the researchers was completed by both groups of patients, and factors that may influence the self-efficacy and coping styles of elderly patients with radical cystectomy and ureterostomy were analyzed. Results Three months after surgery, 25 cases (34.72%) of the 72 elderly patients with radical cystectomy and ureterostomy had poor postoperative self-efficacy, while 47 cases (65.28%) had good self-efficacy. Among them, 22 cases (30.56%) had a negative coping style, and 50 cases (69.44%) had a positive coping style. There were statistically significant differences in educational level, psychological status, and family care between the group with poor self-efficacy and the group with good self-efficacy (P<0.05). Similarly, there were statistically significant differences in educational level, psychological status, personal income, and family care between the negative coping group and the positive coping group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an educational level of junior high school and below, anxiety, and low family care were influencing factors for poor postoperative self-efficacy in elderly patients undergoing radical cystectomy with ureterostomy. An educational level of junior high school and below, anxiety, low personal income, and low family care were influencing factors for negative coping after radical cystectomy with ureterostomy (OR>1, P<0.05). Conclusion An educational level of junior high school and below, anxiety, and low family care are influencing factors for poor postoperative self-efficacy in elderly patients with radical cystectomy and ureterostomy. An educational level of junior high school and below, anxiety, low personal income, and low family care are influencing factors for negative coping in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with ureterostomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the impact of predictive nursing on the postoperative complications and quality of life of inpatients experienced radical cystectomy and cutaneous ureterostomy. Methods Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer admitted to the Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University from March 2018 to May 2021 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into two groups, with 36 cases in each group. Factors such as postoperative loss to follow-up were excluded, 29 patients received routine nursing during the perioperative period, which was the control group. Another 34 patients received predictive nursing care, as the intervention group. Medical Coping Style Questionnaire (MCMQ) was used to evaluate patients' coping style after stoma, self-care ability Scale (ESCA) was used to evaluate patients' self-care ability, and Health Survey Short Form (SF-36) was used to evaluate patients' quality of life. Results The overall incidence of complications in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group at 6 months after surgery (14. 71% vs. 48. 28%, P＜0. 01). Patients in the intervention group achieved higher a score of facing coping style in ESCA compared with that in the control group(P＜0. 01). Factor scores of health knowledge level, self-care ability and sense of self-care in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0. 05). The factor scores of SF-36 in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Perioperative predictive nursing for patients undergoing radical cystectomy and cutaneous ureterostomy can effectively reduce the occurrence of complications, make patients actively cope with postoperative life, and improve their self-care ability and quality of life. (目的 观察预见性护理对接受膀胱全切输尿管皮肤造口手术患者术后并发症及生活质量的影响。方法 采用前瞻性研究, 选取2018年3月—2021年5月浙江省台州医院泌尿外科收治的肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者为研究对象, 根据随机数表法将患者分为两组, 各36例, 排除术后失访等因素, 最终纳入63例进行分析。其中29例患者在围手术期接受常规护理, 设为对照组; 另34例患者给予预见性护理, 设为干预组。观察两组患者术后并发症发生率, 采用医学应对方式问卷(MCMQ)评估患者造口后的应对方式、自我护理能力量表(ESCA)评估患者的自我护理能力、健康调查简表(SF-36)评估患者的生存质量。结果 术后6个月时, 干预组并发症总发生率14. 71%(5/34), 低于对照组的48. 28%(14/29), 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01); 干预组患者MCMQ问卷面对量表评分高于对照组(P＜0. 01); 干预组患者ESCA量表的健康知识水平、自我护理技能、自护责任感评分高于对照组(P＜0. 05); 干预组患者SF-36量表各维度得分均较对照组升高, 差异有统计学意义(P

Bladder cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of urinary system，which can be divided into two categoties，non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Radical cystectomy is the treatment of choice for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. At present，orthotopic neobasical bladder surgery has become the preferred method of urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. Due to the use of different intestinal segments during surgery，different metabolic complications may occur after surgery，which also become one of the reasons for reducing the quality of life of patients after surgery. This article reviews the main types and management progress of metabolic complications after orthotopic neobasical bladder surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radical cystectomy plus pelvic lymph node dissection is the gold standard treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer. However, the patients with severe medical complications cannot tolerate the operation, and the incidence rates of short- and long-term postoperative complications are quite high. In order to achieve good tumor control while preserve bladder function and maintain good quality of life, bladder preservation treatment is actively explored in China and at abroad. At present, triple or multiple combination therapy, including maximum transurethral bladder tumor resection, chemotherapy and external irradiation and radiotherapy, is mostly adopted. Studies have shown that its long-term tumor control effect is similar to that of cystectomy, and it has been recommended as an effective treatment option for muscle invasive bladder cancer by domestic and foreign specialized diagnosis and treatment guidelines. In the course of comprehensive treatment for bladder preservation, the efficacy of the treatment is currently evaluated by liquid biopsy, radiography, cystoscopic biopsy or surgical thoroughness of transurethral bladder tumor resection, and timely salvage radical resection can be performed for the patients with poor response. In addition, neoadjuvant chemotherapy may have no effect on the overall survival of the patients after bladder preservation combination therapy, but it can be used as a screening method for treatment response, and early radical surgery is recommended for patients with poor response. There is no standard treatment plan for bladder preservation combination therapy, and it is difficult to determine the best treatment population. Randomized controlled studies and long-term follow-up trial of the combination treatment in comparison with radical bladder resection need to be carried out. In view of the breakthrough efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced uroepithelial carcinoma, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy and chemotherapy may also be the direction of future research.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of vesical imaging-reporting and data system (VI-RADS) based on multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for muscle invasive bladder cancer. Methods Clinical data of 278 patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) or radical cystectomy in our hospital from January 2017 to March 2021 were collected in this study. After VI-RADS score was assessed by 2 radiologists independently, Kappa test was used for the consistency of the obtained scores. Chi-square test was employed to analyze the consistency of VI-RADS score with pathological results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the efficacy of VI-RADS scores in the diagnosis of muscle invasive bladder cancer. The consistency of VI-RADS score with pathological Results of tissues obtained by different surgical Methods was analyzed with Chi-square test. Results The VI-RADS scores of the 2 radiologists were consistent with each other (coincidence rate: 79.86%, kappa value: 0.750 8, P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC), Yodon index, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 0.774, 54.78%, 96.16%, 58.62%, 58.14% and 96.23%, respectively, when predicting muscular invasion with VI-RADS score ≥3 as the threshold. The study also found that the coincidence rate between the pathological Results of radical cystectomy and VI-RADS score was 92.85%, which was significantly higher than that of TURBT (79.81%, P < 0.05). Conclusion VI-RADS score based on preoperative multi-parameter MRI has good consistency and stability, and is highly consistent with the Results of postoperative pathology. VI-RADS score ≥3 has predictive diagnostic value for muscular-invasive bladder cancer and can guide the selection of clinical surgical methods.

Objective To systematically evaluate the relation between prognostic nutrition index (PNI) and prognosis of bladder cancer (BC) patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC). Methods We searched the literatures about the relation between PNI and the prognosis of patients treated with radical cystectomy published from the inception to January 30, 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Chinese Medical Journal Database, and used RevMan5.3 software for Meta analysis. Results We included six literatures which comprise a total of 1273 patients. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between low PNI and OS of BC patients treated with RC (HR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.56-2.56), and there was a significant difference in RFS, PFS and DSS between low PNI and BC patients treated with RC (HR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.51-2.48). In the subgroup analysis, there were statistical differences in PNI and the prognosis of BC patients treated with RC between the Chinese group (HR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.62-2.81) and the Japanese group (HR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.08-2.94), and the PNI cutoff value had a good predictive effect on the prognosis of patients in the range of 46.08-51.30. Conclusion There is a significant relation between the level of PNI and OS of bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy. Low PNI can be used as an effective marker to predict the prognosis of patients.

Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is mainly composed of three different types of tumors: papillary urothelial carcinoma is limited to the mucosal layer (Ta), high-grade carcinoma in situ is limited to the epithelial layer (CIS) and tumors invading the submucosa or lamina propria (T1). The standard treatment for NMIBC is complete transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) with or without intravesical instillation therapies. However, some high-risk patients are at risk of tumor progression and therefore require more aggressive treatment. Studies have reported that delayed cystectomy can lead to a significant reduction in survival benefits. Therefore, for these NMIBC patients who are at high risk of disease progression, when to abandon conservative treatment and choose cystectomy is one of the biggest challenges. This article reviews the current application status and future directions of radical cystectomy as the initial treatment on NMIBC patients.

Objective To investigate the prognostive value of preoperative fibrinogen (FIB) combined with platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on the prognosis of patients undergoing radical cystectomy(RC). Methods We enrolled 141 patients with urothelial carcinoma after radical cystectomy. ROC curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff values of FIB and PLR. The FIB and PLR were divided into the high-level group and the low-level group. If one indicator was high-level or both indicators were high-level, a combination score 1 (S1) was defined. If both indicators were low-level, a combination score 0 (S0) was defined. One-way analysis of variance and non-parametric tests were used to analyze the characteristics of patients, the Kaplan-Meier method was used for univariate survival analysis, the Log rank method was used for testing, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate regression analysis. Results The optimal cutoff values for FIB and PLR were 3.43 and 110.54, respectively. FIB level was closely related to T stage, pathological grade and tumor size (all P < 0.05), and PLR level was closely related to pathological grade and tumor size (P < 0.05). The preoperative combination score was closely related to T stage, N stage, pathological grade and tumor size (all P < 0.05). Combination score, T stage, tumor size, FIB and PLR were important factors affecting the prognosis. Combination score (P=0.019), T stage (P=0.021) and FIB (P=0.010) were independent risk factors for the prognosis. Conclusion The combination score is an independent risk factor for overall survival of patients undergoing radical cystectomy. It can be used as a new indicator for predicting the tumor progression and prognosis of patients with bladder cancer.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare is the property of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To compare the perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy（RARC），conventional laparoscopic radical cystectomy（LRC），and open radical cystectomy （ORC）. Method We retrospectively analyzed data of 248 patients who underwent radical cystectomy and ileal conduit in single operation group，Department of Urology，Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from Jan.2009 to Dec.2018，including 87 cases of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery，32 cases of traditional laparoscopic surgery，and 129 cases of open surgery.The gender，age，body mass index（BMI）， concomitant chronic diseases，operation time，intraoperative blood transfusion rate，postoperative blood transfusion rate，ICU rate，postoperative red blood cell decline，postoperative hemoglobin decline， postoperative albumin decline，postoperative creatinine elevation，postoperative hospital stay，total hospitalization costs，and complication rates were compared. Results All 248 cases of surgery were successful without conversion to other surgical methods. There were no significant differences in age， gender，BMI，history of hypertension，diabetes，and heart disease between the three groups. The robotic surgery group was significantly lower than the laparoscopic group and the open group in terms of operation time，postoperative red blood cell decline，hemoglobin decrease，and albumin decrease（P<0.05）.Robotic surgery was also significantly lower than open surgery in terms of postoperative hospital stay and intraoperative blood transfusion rate（P<0.05）. The laparoscopic group was significantly lower than the open group in terms of red blood cell decline and hemoglobin decline（P<0.05）.The total hospitalization cost of robotic surgery was significantly higher than that of the laparoscopic and open groups（P<0.05）.In terms of postoperative complications，although the incidence of robotic surgery was lower than that of the laparoscopic group and the open group，the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy and ileal bladder surgery has the advantages of shorter operation time，less trauma and quicker recovery than traditional laparoscopic and open surgery. Under economically feasible conditions，it is the preferred surgical method for muscle invasive bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of early enteral nutritional support for patients with bladder cancer underwent radical cystectomy. Methods: Sixty patients with bladder cancer underwent radical cystectomy were randomly divided into two groups, 30 cases in each group. Enteral nutritional support (ENS) and parenteral nutritional support (PNS) were used respectively, the levels of serum total protein, albumin and prealbumin, nutritional time, postoperative ambulation time, nutritional support costs, length of stay, and postoperative complications of two groups were compared. Results: The levels of serum total protein, albumin and prealbumin of ENS group were significantly higher than those of PNS group on the 7th day after surgery (p<0.05). While the postoperative recovery time, length of stay and nutritional support costs were shorter than those of PNS group. There was no postoperative surgical complications in both groups, while the incidence rate of phlebitis in PNS group was 10.0 %(3/30). Conclusion: Early ENS was the ideal nutritional support model for radical cystectomy patients with bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical evidence of prostatic capsule- and seminal-sparing cystectomy by researching the risk factors of muscle invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma invasion into the prostate. Methods Eighty-six patients with muscle invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma were underwent radical cystectomy. The radical cystectomy specimens were performed pathological examination, many coronal plane sections were done to prostate apex every 1 cm interval. Identified whether the muscle invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma encroached into the prostate or not and whether the diameter of tumor, position of tumor, solitary or multiple, grade malignancy and clinical staging have the correlativity with the prostate or seminal vesicles encroaching or not. Results Of the 86 muscle invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma cases, two cases (2.33%) were encroached into the prostate, two cases were all multiple bladder transitional cell carcinoma, one was located in the bladder triangle, and another was located in the bladder neck. The clinical staging of these two cases were T2b and T3a one each. No encroachment of prostatic capsule, urethra of apex of prostate and seminal vesicles was found in all specimens. The prostate was not encroached in the specimens of T2a or located in the bladder wall except the bladder triangle and the bladder neck. Conclusion The prostate was not encroached in the specimens of lower clinical staging or located in the bladder wall except the bladder triangle and the bladder neck. Therefore, one of the operative indication of the prostatic capsule and seminal vesicle-sparing cystectomy was the lower clinical staging tumor, which was located in the bladder wall except the bladder triangle and the bladder neck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the transurenthral resection to radical cystectomy on muscle invasive bladder cancer, and to explore the factors affecting the prognosis. Methods Data of 74 patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer were retrospectively analyzed. There were 38 cases underwent radical cystectomy (group A), and were treated with intravenous chemotherapy after operation. There were 36 cases underwent transurenthral resection (group B), and were treated with intravenous and urinary bladder irrigation chemotherapy. All patients were followed up 61 (5-91) months. Data were compared between two groups including duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, the cumulative length of hospital stay, cancer recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate . The factors may affecting the prognosis in patients were collected and analyzed by the Log-rank univariate and Cox multivariate analyzed. Results The values of operation time, intraoperative blood loss and the cumulative length of hospital stay were significantly lower in group B than those of group A (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in cancer recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate between two groups (P > 0.05). Results of the Log-rank univariate analysis showed that the tumor size ≥5 cm and T3 stage were the important factors of 5-year relapsefree survival rate and 5-year overall survival rate. Results of the Cox multivariate analysis showed that the tumor size ≥5 cm (RR=3.687, 95%CI:1.913-7.105, P < 0.001) was the important factor of recurrence in patients after operation. T3 stage (RR=3.325, 95%CI:1.437-7.695, P=0.005) and tumor size 3=5 cm (RR=5.017, 95%CI:2.440-10.317, P=0.002) were the risk factors of the 5-year overall survival rate. Conclusion The transurenthral resection with intravenous and urinary bladder irrigation chemotherapy deserves recommendation for the treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer. Tumor size ≥5 cm and T3 stage are the important factors for the prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of ureteroenteric strictures (UES) in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical cystectomy plus urinary diversion (UD). Method: A total of 412 patients who underwent UD after radical prostatectomy from January 2008 to December 2016 were retrospectively included in this study. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diversion type, time to diagnosis of UES, duration of ureteral stent, postoperative complications, including urinary tract infections, ureteroenteric leakage and UES were collected. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to describe time to developing UES. Prognostic factors of UES were analyzed using COX proportional hazard regression model. Result: Median follow-up time was 37 (IQR 17-120) months. A total of 59 patients (70 sides) developed UES, including 34 cases on the left side, 14 cases on the right side and 11 cases on both sides, following UD after radical cystectomy. The median time to diagnosis of UES was 7 (IQR 4-11) months. The total incidence of UES was 14.3%. The incidence of UES was 10.9%, 13.3% and 14.1% at 1, 3 and 5 years after UD, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis demonstrated that BMI≥25kg·m(-2) ( P= 0.008), ureteroenteric leakage ( P= 0.001) and urinary tract infections ( P= 0.037) were the independent risk factors associated with UES following UD after radical cystectomy. Conclusion: The incidence rate of UES following UD after radical cystectomy was relatively high, which occurs more common on the left side. Obese patients, combined with ureteroenteric leakage, urinary tract infection after UD, are more likely to develop into UES.

Objective: To investigate the clinical feasibility and effect of nerve-sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (NSRA-LSRC)., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data on 12 cases of NSRA-LSRC performed from March 2016 to May 2018. The patients were aged 45 to 65 years old and all potent before surgery, with a mean IIEF-5 score of >17. The surgical procedure involved excision of the bladder and prostate and dissection of the pelvic lymph nodes, with preservation of the bilateral neurovascular bundles, internal accessory pudendal artery and pubic bladder complex. All the patients were advised to take PDE5I postoperatively and followed up for the sexual function with the IIEF-5 scores., Results: Surgical procedures were completed successfully, all with negative surgical margins. Postoperative pathology confirmed invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma or carcinoma in situ in all the cases, including 11 cases in stage T2N0M0 or below and 1 case in stage T3aN0M0. There were no serious intraoperative or postoperative complications, nor recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up period of 12－36 (20.7 ± 8.0) months. The IIEF-5 scores of the patients at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation were 10.9 ± 6.9, 12.3 ± 6.9 and 14.1 ± 8.0, respectively. At 12 months, satisfactory sexual intercourse was achieved with the help of potency-enhancing medicine in 5 cases (41.7%), penile erection insufficient for sexual intercourse in 3 cases (25%), and no erection in 4 cases (33.3%)., Conclusions: Nerve-sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy can maximally preserve the sexual function of the patients with urinary bladder carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for wound healing of infective surgical incision in patients of muscle invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy., Methods: This study retrospectively collected clinical data of the patients who received radical cystectomy and experienced incisional infection after operation between January 2009 and December 2016. The patients were divided into early healing group and delayed healing group (the healing time is less or more than 14 d after operation). The risk factors for wound healing and infection were analyzed by single factor and multivariate logistic regression., Results: A total of 171 patients with wound infection after radical cystectomy were included in the study. The average time of wound healing time was (17.9±16.9) d. There were 118 and 53 patients in early healing group and delay healing group respectively. Age, body mass index (BMI), operative incision type, preoperative albumin level, diabetes mellitus, infection wound size, infection wound with sinus, postoperative intestinal fistula and urinary fistula were statistically significant differences between the two groups ( P <0.05).Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that male, older than 65 yr., T 4 stage, Type-Ⅲ surgical incision (infective incision), low preoperative albumin level (<30 g/L), hemoglobin level (<90 g/L), diabetes, wound size (>30 mm), intestinal fistula, urinary fistula were risk factors for delayed wound-healing. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that Type-Ⅲ surgical incision and wound size (>30 mm) were independent risk factors for delayed wound healing., Conclusion: Type-Ⅲ surgical incision and the size of wound (>30 mm) are independent risk factors for delayed wound healing after radical cystectomy in bladder cancer patients., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)