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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Manual planting and picking cannot fully meet the large-scale industry of green Sichuan pepper in recent years. It is crucial to accurately segment the field scene of green Sichuan pepper, and then extract the navigation path of agricultural machinery. Field management can be advanced in the intelligence of agricultural machinery in green Sichuan pepper fields. In this study, field images were collected from three planting demonstration bases of green Sichuan pepper in Jiangjin District, Chongqing Municipality, in the various planting stages. A total of 400 images were gathered to divide the dataset and test set, according to a 3:1 ratio. The open-source annotation tool Labelme was utilized to annotate the images. A navigation dataset was constructed between the rows of green Sichuan peppers, followed by data enhancement. Given the complex scenes of a green Sichuan pepper field, a lightweight network, Mobile-Unet, was proposed for the semantic segmentation of five scene types: road, trunk, tree, sky, and background. U-Net network was taken as the base semantic segmentation framework and then MobileNetV2 as the feature extraction network. The last three layers of the original MobileNetV2 network were omitted to adapt MobileNetV2 for semantic segmentation. 8-layer 5-times downsampling structure was then aligned with the U-Net architecture. Additionally, the LeakyReLU activation function was employed in the convolutional units to avoid neuron death during training. After segmentation, a navigation line extraction was then introduced to incorporate dual characteristics of roads and tree trunks. Experimental results demonstrate that the dataset and Dice Loss as the loss function effectively enhanced the prediction accuracy of the model. Compared with the two lightweight networks, Fast-Unet and BiseNet, Mobile-Unet has achieved the higher segmentation accuracy on the test set, with a pixel accuracy of 91.15%, mean pixel accuracy of 83.34%, and mean intersection over union of 70.51%. Compared with U-Net, the recognition accuracy was slightly reduced, but the complexity of the model was significantly reduced, with a 92.17% decrease in the memory occupation, and the inference speed of nearly 10 times faster. Additionally, the tests were conducted on 100 test set images for navigation line extraction. A total success rate of 91% was achieved for the extraction. The average deviation of yaw angle was 2.6° and 6.7°, respectively, to extract the navigation line using road contour and tree trunk features. The accuracy requirements were fully met in the field navigation. The finding can offer a valuable reference to explore the visual navigation in green Sichuan pepper fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aspergillus flavus pollution has posed the serious obstacle on the storage of dried red pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Particularly, the aflatoxins produced by A. flavus are the toxins with the strong carcinogenicity. It is a high demand to solve the aflatoxins contamination in the dried red peppers. Fortunately, a low-cost and safe sterilization, UV irradiation has been approved for use in food by the FAO/WHO. However, there is little research on the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the inhibition of A. flavus and the quality of dried red pepper. Therefore, this article aims to explore whether the UV-C ultraviolet radiation was an effective tool to control A. flavus and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination on dried red pepper. The effects of ultraviolet irradiation on the growth and aflatoxins production of A. flavus on the dried red pepper were investigated through in vitro antibacterial experiments, in vitro experiments, and determination of AFB1 production. A comparison was made on the color brightness value (L), red-green value (a), yellow-blue value (b), extractable color (ASTA), total content of natural coloring substance and capsaicin content of dried red pepper before and after ultraviolet irradiation. A systematic investigation was implemented to explore the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the quality of dried red pepper. The intracellular substance leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (GSH) activities of A. flavus were measured to further determine the inhibitory mechanism of UV irradiation on A. flavus. The results showed that the UV-C method was used to effectively control the growth and AFB1 production of A. flavus in vitro (on PDA and PDB media), indicating the full kill the non-germinating A. flavus spores. The inhibition rate of A. flavus reached 40% in the already-grown colonies. The irradiation time and distance were controlled after UV-C treatment. The radiation dose was dominated in the inhibitory effects of ultraviolet on A. flavus on the dried red pepper. UV-C method showed the similar inhibitory effects on the growth and AFB1 production of A. flavus on dried red pepper with and without A. flavus colonies. The total number of colonies decreased by two orders of magnitude (inhibition rate was greater than 95%) after 2.5 h UV treatment. In addition, there was no colony of A. flavus on the dried red pepper during the first four days of culture, indicating the very significant inhibitory effect. Once the UV irradiation time and distance were 2.5 h and 15 cm, respectively, the inhibition rate of AFB1 production on the dried red pepper was 59.74%. Moreover, the moisture content of dried red pepper decreased under UV irradiation, which was beneficial to the decreasing proliferation of microorganisms in the dried red pepper. Once the UV irradiation time was less than 2 h, UV irradiation was only reduced the red-green value in the color of dried red pepper, indicating no significant effect on the rest qualities. Further research has found that the damage mechanism of UV-C ultraviolet radiation to A. flavus was broken the integrity of the cell membrane, leading to the leakage of cell contents, damage to the intracellular antioxidant, cellular lipid peroxidation, and irreparable oxidative damage within the cell, thereby inhibiting the growth and AFB1 production of A. flavus on the dried red pepper. Therefore, the UV-C ultraviolet can be expected to serve as the potentially effective tool for the prevention of A. flavus and aflatoxins contamination in the dried red pepper. The finding can also provide the safety way to extend the storage period of dried red pepper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The genome of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) can encode various proteins, including RdRp, NSm, NSs, Gc, Gn, and N. Existing research primarily focuses on plant (tomato and chili pepper) resistance to TSWV mediated by resistance genes (Sw-5b and Tsw). Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of agents on the TSWV N proteins have been investigated. TSWV proteins have the potential to be used as molecular targets for pharmaceutical agents, however, the mechanism of action between TSWV proteins and pharmaceutical agents has not been systematically and comprehensively reported. This study presents a detailed analysis of the three-dimensional structures of resolved TSWV proteins and predicts the structures of four unresolved TSWV proteins using AlphaFold2 modeling. It also summarizes the advancement and application of TSWV resistance genes and TSWV inhibitors in plant protection. The potential molecular mechanisms of ningnanmycin, moroxydine, and ribavirin on TSWV proteins were analyzed, along with their possible sites of action. The aim is to establish a theoretical foundation for subsequent comprehensive excavation and exploration of novel agents with anti-TSWV properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study screened high-yielding and high-quality screw pepper varieties suitable for substrate bag cultivation in Northern Shaanxi to provide basis for the development of soilless cultivation of pepper. [Method] Twenty screw pepper varieties including Silk Road New Star, Silk Road Star, Lou Lan Star, Extra Early One-foot Long, Zhongnong Qingluo Prince, Longxuan 339, Biosow 019, HP29017, HP29037, HP29047, HP29082, Western Long Dragon, Kubota Conch Pepper King, Golden Pepper No.6, Golden Pepper No.8, Golden Pepper No.9, Golden Pepper No.12, Bolon (37 - 94) > Stem Hair 802 and Vols Tenro were chosen for substrate bag cultivation in this study. The weight of single fruit, pericarp thickness, fruit length, contents of vitamin C, soluble protein, free amino acid, reducing sugar, total soluble sugar, nitrate nitrogen as well as yield were measured and compared. The correlations of indexes were analyzed by Pearson analysis. The yield and quality indexes of each variety were evaluated by principal component analysis, technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, membership function analysis and grey relational degree analysis. The results of three single comprehensive evaluations by extant consistency test (Kendall-W) were evaluated in combination and the fuzzy Borda evaluation method was used to select varieties suitable for substrate bag culturing in Northern Shaanxi. [Result] The weight of ingle fruit was 25.62 - 52.83 g, with the heaviest in Longxuan 339. The pericarp thickness was 1.58 - 2.17 mm, with Vols Tenro the thickest. The fruit length was 19.42 - 30.55 cm, with the longest in HP29082. The content of vitamin C was 276.37 - 1 058.09 mg/hg, and Golden Pepper No.8 was the highest. The content of soluble protein was 0.97 - 1.61 mg/g, and Golden Pepper No.12 was the highest. The content of free amino acid was 393.78 - 969.69 µg/g, with the highest in Vols Tenro. Contents of reducing ugar and total soluble sugar were 3.82% -6.65% and 9.87% -13.91%, and Biosow 019 had the highest ontents. There was no significant difference in nitrate content among varieties. The yield was 9 625.98 - 84 600.00 kg/hm², and Silk Road New Star had the highest value. The results of single comprehensive evaluation methods were different, and the results of principal component analysis method had weak correlations with those of other methods. The correlations among other single evaluation methods passed the Kendall-W test and they were compatible for combined evaluation. The fuzzy Borda combination evaluation method passed tests with good credibility. The obtained top 5 varieties were Silk Road New Star, HP29047, Silk Road Star, Longxuan 339 and Biosow 01 9. [Conclusion] Silk Road New Star, HP29047, Silk Road Star, Longxuan 339 and Biosow 019 were suitable for substrate cultivation in Northern Shaanxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To study the effects of soil conditioners on the improvement of heavily cadmium contaminated soil and the absorption and accumulation of cadmium by crops. Method] The surface soil of Enshi area rich in selenium and high cadmium was used as the pot experiment soil, and pepper was used as the test crop. Through pot experiment, the effects of nine soil conditioners on the growth, absorption and accumulation of cadmium in pepper, as well as the change of cadmium morphology in soil were studied. (Result] The application of soil conditioners could significantly reduce the content of cadmium in pepper fruits by 76.35%-90.27%, and T4 soil conditioner (12.99% wheat straw biochar +6.49% superphosphate +64.94% attapulgite +2.60% silicon fertilizer +12.99% shell powder) had the best effect overall. Compared with rapeseed dregs, biochar in experimental group had a significant effect on soil pH. The application of soil conditioner could significantly reduce the content of exchangeable and carbonate-bound cadmium, and promote the conversion of cadmium to the unusable iron-manganese binding state and residue state, and increase the photosynthetic rate of plant leaves and promote plant growth. The correlation between the content of cadmium in pepper fruit and cadmium in soil indicated that pepper could absorb both water-soluble cadmium and carbonate-bound cadmium in soil. [Conclusion] The combination of "12.99% wheat straw biochar +6.49% superphosphate +64.94% attapulgite +2,60% silicon fertilizer + 12.99% shell powder" can effectively reduce the uptake of cadmium by crops in selenium-rich and cadmium-high areas of Enshi. The safe planting of crops in high cadmium area should not only reduce the activities of water-soluble and ion-exchange cadmium, which can be directly used by plants, but also reduce the content of carbonate-bound cadmium, which has potential risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Seed priming is proved to be an efficient way to improve crop salt tolerance, which is a measure of pre-treating seed with various agents while obtaining enhancement to crop performance at growing stage. Gamma amino butyric acid(GABA)is a non-protein amino acid involved in various metabolic processes, and partially protects plants from environmental stress. Enhancing effects of GABA priming on germination characteristics and abiotic stress have been established in several crops. However, the effect and mechanism of GABA seed priming on salt tolerance of pepper(Capsicum annuum)are still unknown. In this study, a hybrid pepper variety of ‘Maoshu 360' Chaotian pepper was used as material, the effects of seed priming with various concentrations of GABA(0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 μmol·L-1)on plant biomass, leaf osmotic regulating substance, leaf antioxidant capacity, leaf photosynthesis system, potassium and sodium ion uptake and distribution between leaves and shoots of pepper plants under 100 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress applied at 4-6 leaf stage were investigated. The results were as follows:(1)From the point of plant growth under salt stress, the best concentration of GABA for seed priming of pepper was 6.0 μmol·L-1, which greatly boosted the biomass of pepper plants under salt stress.(2)The mechanisms of GABA seed priming promoting salt tolerance of pepper were further analyzed. Seed priming increased the leaf contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, chlorophyll and proline, decreased the leaf contents of O2- and malondialdehyde(MDA), enhanced the leaf activities of antioxidant enzymes, including super oxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT)and ascorbate peroxidase(APX), and raised several chlorophyll fluorescence metrics, including Fv'/Fm', qP_Lss, QY_Lss, NPQ_Lss and Rfd, reduced the K+ content and K+/Na+ ratio in roots and stems.(3)For a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of GABA seed priming promoting salt tolerance of pepper, grey correlation analysis was carried out. Based on results of grey correlation analysis, seed priming with GABA significantly alleviated salt stress to pepper plants by boosting the activities of the antioxidant enzymes POD and CAT as well as increasing the levels of osmotic regulators. In conclusion, seed priming with 6.0 μmol·L-1 GABA significantly increases salt tolerance of pepper seedlings, probably by improving antioxidant and osmotic regulating capacities of pepper plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO2NPS)have been shown to improve the salt tolerance of plant due to the potential to eliminate free radicals and the antioxidation properties. However, the effects and mechanisms of seed priming with CeO2NPS on pepper plant are unclear. To reveal impacts of CeO2NPS seed priming on the germination and seedling growth of peeper plants under salt stress, using the Maoshu 360 variety of pepper(Capsicum annuum)as material, a total of seven concentrations of treatments(0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mmol·L-1)and a control of un-treatment were carried out to investigate effects of CeO2NPS seed priming on seed germination rate, seedling biomass, and physiological and biochemical indexes under salt stress. The results were as follows:(1)In the seed priming with 0.5 mmol·L-1 CeO2NPS, soluble protein, content of proline, activity of catalase(CAT), content of ascorbic acid(AsA)and ratio of AsA/DHA significantly increased and levels of the superoxide anion(O2-)significantly decreased. There was no loss of viability for the seeds primed with cerium oxide nanoparticles. Indeed their germination rate and germination potential were enhanced under salt stress, and their germination index, and vigor index were improved under salt stress.(2)Under salt stress, seedlings from seeds primed with 0.4 mmol·L-1 CeO2NPS showed the highest fresh weight, dry weight, and root length; additionally, soluble protein content, AsA content and AsA/DHA ratio were also improved. In conclusion, seed priming with CeO2NPS can not only enhance seed germination under salt stress by decreasing seed water potential, accelerating storage substances metabolism and improving antioxidant capacity but also promote seedling growth through boosting protein synthesis and ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle(AsA-GSH). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the common varieties of chopper pepper process, “La Feng 33” was selected as the research object. Five different growth stages of pepper from Shandong and Shanxi provinces were analyzed to explore the quality changes of pepper fruit during the growth process, which was essential for regulating the quality of chopped pepper and expanding the raw material sources. The results showed that the change trend of quality characteristics of pepper in the two regions was basically the same during the growth process. The content of VC and total capsaicin increased with fruit growth to some extent; soluble solids, acidity, total polyphenols, DPPH· scavenging capacity, FRAP, ABTS+· scavenging capacity decreased first and then increased with fruit growth; organic acids, total ash, Mg, Ca, Mn and Fe decreased with fruit growth. In addition, the contents of VC, soluble solids, organic acids and total capsaicin in Shandong producing area were higher than those in Shanxi producing area (P

【Objective】In modern vegetable facility cultivation, the quality of vegetable seedlings plays a very important role in the economic benefits of subsequent agricultural production. Continuous light is a common special light mode in artificial light plant factory. Exploring the effect of continuous light combined with light quality on the growth and development of pepper seedlings could provide an important technical reference for efficiently improving the resistance of pepper seedlings.【Method】The pepper backbone parent ‘6421’ was used as the test material, and 6 light treatment groups were set up: normal white light irradiation group (CW), normal blue light irradiation group (CB), normal red light irradiation group (CR), continuous white light irradiation group (TW), continuous blue light irradiation group (TB) and continuous red light irradiation group (TR). The effects of continuous photoperiod treatment combined with red and blue light on the growth and physiological characteristics of pepper seedlings were studied.【Result】 (1) TR significantly increased the plant height and stem diameter of pepper seedlings by 20.5% and 10.6%, respectively, compared with the CW group. After TR treatment, the seedling index increased significantly by 2.38 times, while TB significantly reduced the plant height and stem diameter of pepper seedlings by 17.1% and 14.3%, and the root-shoot ratio increased significantly by 2.62 times. (2) There was no significant difference in Pn and Gs of pepper seedling leaves between TR and TB, but Tr and Ci of TB were significantly lower than those of TR. Compared with CW, Tr and Ci of TB were significantly reduced by 62.5% and 51.1%. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of pepper seedling leaves showed opposite results after different light treatments. The Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, NPQ and qP values of pepper seedling leaves in TB group were significantly higher than those in TR group. The qP of TB and TR was significantly higher than that of CW, increasing by 36.1% and 26.1%, respectively. (3) The antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic substances of pepper seedlings were significantly different after continuous red light treatment and continuous blue light treatment. TB significantly increased SOD, POD and CAT in leaves of pepper seedlings. The POD and CAT activities of pepper seedling leaves were also significantly increased after TR treatment, while the MDA content of pepper leaves after TB and TR treatments was significantly reduced by 55%-56% compared with that of CW. 【Conclusion】Continuous light conditions have a positive effect on the growth and development of pepper seedlings at the seedling stage, and the antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic substances of pepper seedlings under continuous light irradiation combined with monochromatic red and monochromatic blue light treatments increase to different degrees to better counteract the light stress environment and improve the adaptability of pepper seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】CMB1 gene plays an important role in the regulation of inflorescence structure and fruit ripening in plants, but the function and regulatory mechanism of CMB1 gene in pepper have been rarely reported. Therefore, the role of transcription factors related to the regulation of carotenoid synthesis and CMB1 gene in pepper was studied so as to provide a reference for pepper breeding.【Method】The coding sequences of CMB1 were cloned by the homology sequence method, and the expression patterns of CMB1 in fruits of red and yellow peppers with wrinkled skin at different development stages (green ripening stage, color change stage, mature stage) were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. 【Result】The ORF length of CMB1 gene was 732 bp in both red pepper and yellow pepper, encoding 243 amino acid residues. Sequence alignment showed that the mutation occurred at the 11th site of CMB1 base sequence, G mutated to T, resulting in amino acid sequence mutated from G (Glycine) to V (Valine). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the CMB1- encoded protein of wrinkled skin red pepper had a molecular mass of 20 923.21, a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.59, an instability coefficient of 57.28, and a total mean hydrophilicity (gravimetric) index of -1.001. The CMB1-encoded protein of wrinkled skin yellow pepper had a molecular mass of 27 958.47, a theoretical isoelectric point of 7.10, an instability coefficient of 53.54, and a total mean hydrophilicity (gravimetric) index of -0.809. Both CMB1 of wrinkled skin red and yellow peppers were unstable hydrophobic proteins, both contained 38 phosphorylation sites, both were devoid of transmembrane structures and signal peptides, and both had typical MADS-box structural domains and K-box structural domains. Evolutionary tree analysis revealed that pepper CMB1 was most closely related to Solanaceae and most distantly related to Leguminosae. The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression of CMB1 increased sequentially in the three stages of green ripening, color change, and maturity of pepper fruits, and the expression of CMB1 in the three stages was significantly higher in wrinkled skin red pepper than in wrinkled skin yellow pepper.【Conclusion】Pepper CMB1 is a member of MADS-box, and its expression in pepper fruit is similar to that of carotenoid in pepper, suggesting that CMB1 is mainly involved in regulating the synthesis of carotenoid like capsanthin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 Capsicum chinense is one of the main cultivated species of pepper, which generally has a strong fruit aroma formed by branched chain esters. AAT (alcohol acyl-CoA transferase) catalyzes the last step in the synthesis of branched chain esters and has an important impact on its content. Identification of the AAT gene family in C. chinense and analysis on its expression patterns will provide references for its functional studies.【Method】Bioinformatics and real-time quantitative PCR analysis were applied to identify the AAT gene family of C. chinense and analyze its expression patterns.【Result】Ten members of the AAT gene family were identified and named CcAAT1-CcAAT10 according to their distribution order on six chromosomes. Physicochemical properties prediction revealed that the length of amino acid sequence encoded by AAT gene family range from 256 to 683 aa, with their molecular mass ranging from 29 to 77 kDa, and isoelectric point ranging from 5.34 to 8.79. Average hydrophobic coefficients of them were all negative values. Their instability indexes ranged 23.76 to 51.02. Protein structure prediction showed that their secondary structure was dominated by α-helices and irregular convolutions, and the tertiary structure varied widely. Subcellular localization prediction revealed that all CcAAT were located in the cytoplasm and 16 cis-regulatory elements were found on their gene promoter. Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed that CcAAT5 and CcAAT6 had no detectable expression, CcAAT8 was specifically expressed in flowers and fruits, CcAAT1, CcAAT3 and CcAAT7 were highly expressed in leaves, and CcAAT4 was highly expressed in roots.【Conclusion】It clarified the expression pattern of the AAT gene family in C. chinense and it was hypothesized that CcAAT8 might be a key gene affecting the content of branched chain esters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】‘Huifeng 2’ is an F1 hybrid variety which is highly favoured by farmers and consumers due to its characteristics of mid-early maturity, strong disease resistance, storage and transportation resistance and good quality. To ensure the quality of seeds, it intends to establish a set of quick and easy methods for seed purity and authenticity identification.【Method】Based on the publicly available SSR molecular markers of pepper genome, SSR markers with obvious polymorphisms, clear bands and stable amplification were screened by using the male and female parents of ‘Huifeng 2’ as materials. Then, the purity of the hybrid seeds of ‘Huifeng 2’ was identified, and the accuracy of the molecular marker was verified by using morphology identification in the field. In addition, the authenticity of four varieties, including ‘Yuehong 1’, ‘Huifeng 1’, ‘Huifeng 2’ and ‘Huifeng 5’, was identified with the screened markers.【Result】Two SSR markers, L0143 and L0622, were selected for their obvious polymorphism and clear bands with stable amplification. The PCR amplification bands of marker L0143 were 149 bp in the female parent W2280 and 141 bp in the male parent W2102, and the amplification bands of marker L0622 were 208 bp and 196 bp in the female parent and male parent, respectively. When used alone, the two markers could accurately identify the purity of ‘Huifeng 2’ seeds, and the simultaneous use of the two markers could distinguish the four varieties of ‘Yuehong 1’, ‘Huifeng 1’, ‘Huifeng 2’ and ‘Huifeng 5’, which could be used to identify their authenticity. 【Conclusion】The SSR molecular markers L0143 and L0622 selected in this study can identify the purity and authenticity of ‘Huifeng 2’ hybrid seeds rapidly, accurately, and effectively with low-cost, which are simple to operate and can replace the traditional method of identifying the purity and authenticity of hybrid seeds. It has a high commercial application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】A comprehensive evaluation on germplasm resources of high-quality local Erjingtiao pepper varieties in Sichuan was conducted, with a view to giving full play to their roles in new variety breeding and industrial processing.【Method】Erjingtiao pepper varieties from nine different production areas of Sichuan including Jianyang, Fushun, Xichong, Mianyang, Santai, Jiajiang, Shuangliu, Huidong and Qionglai were selected as the research materials, and their agronomic traits, nutritional quality indexes and flavor characteristics were comprehensively evaluated by field observation, quality detection and electronic nose analysis.【Result】In terms of agronomic traits, there were significant differences among different varieties in the node of first flower, main stem height, stem diameter, plant height, crown length, crown width, leaf length and leaf width. The mean values were 6.83~12.67, 18.08~27.33 cm, 9.08~15.39 mm, 98.17~141.5 cm, 86.33~136.67 cm, 69.75~117.50 cm, 9.62~15.86 cm and 2.74~4.56 cm, respectively. The differences in the appearance of different varieties of fruits were relatively small, the fruit shape indexes were all above 10, with red mature fruits, glossy fruit surface, soft fruit texture and wrinkled fruit skin, which were the typical fruit characteristics of Erjingtiao pepper. However, there was a great difference in fruit length among different varieties, with the longest fruit length of Qionglai Erjingtiao (25.02 cm) and the shortest fruit length of Huidong Erjingtiao (11.23 cm). However, the difference of fruit width was little, ranging from 1.08 to 1.76 cm. In terms of nutritional quality, there were significant differences among different varieties. The variable coefficients were between 8.35 to 45.72, of which capsaicin content had the greatest difference, with the highest content in Qionglai Erjingtiao (0.54 mg/g), and the lowest one in Xichong Erjingtiao (0.13 mg/g). However, except for Jianyang Erjingtiao, with the lowest color value of only 7.35, there was no significant difference in color value among other varieties. Meanwhile, there were some correlations among different quality indexes, and soluble sugar was significantly positively correlated with total protein and Vc, which was conducive to screening pepper varieties with high nutrition. The first three varieties of Erjingtiao with better comprehensive quality traits were selected by membership function analysis. The Qionglai Erjingtiao, ranking first, belonged to the high-spicy and high-nutrient variety, followed by Shuangliu Erjingtiao and Xichong Erjingtiao, belonged to the varieties of medium-spicy and low-spicy with high nutrition, respectively. The fruit flavor characteristics of different Erjingtiao varieties were similar, and only some varieties could be distinguished by electronic nose, but the flavor of the pulp and seed of the same pepper variety could be distinguished well.【Conclusion】The varieties of Erjingtiao pepper in different production areas of Sichuan have formed various agronomic traits and quality characteristics through long-term natural and artificial selection, and they can be screened according to different needs in the process of germplasm resources utilization and product selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To ensure the risk level of hazardous substances in chili pepper, and analyze the unqualified situation of hazardous substances in chili pepper by combing spatial with temporal perspectives. Finally, by acquiring high- risk substances in chili pepper, and providing suggestions for efficient supervision of chili pepper safety. Methods: To evaluate the risk value of risk substances in chili pepper, the entropy method was used to calculate the risk level, and the 28 principles were used to classify and rank the risk level. In order to conduct spatiotemporal analysis of the risk substances in chili pepper, descriptive statistical methods were used for statistical description to conduct spatiotemporal analysis of the risks. Global and local autocorrelation analysis methods were used to analyze and explore the national spatial distribution patterns of high risk and high-risk substances in chili pepper. Results: Cadmium, lead, chromium, endosulfan, carbofuran and monocrotophos were high-risk substances in chili pepper; the overall change in the failure rate of chili pepper was stable from 2016--2020, and the failure rate of chili pepper in Hubei was the highest among the national provinces, and the failure of chili pepper in sampling places mainly occurs in supermarkets and farmers' markets. Conclusion: The classification results of chili pepper risk substances could improve the efficiency of government supervision, while providing a reference for enterprise self-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effect of biological fertilizer(PSWY)on soil phosphorus availability and pepper yield in greenhouse, the experiment method of indoor pot was adopted, 4 fertilizer treatments were set up: conventional fertilization(CK), conventional fertilization + chicken manure (rancid) 3 000 kg·hm-2 (PY1), conventional fertilization + PSWY 3 000 kg·hm-2 (PY2), conventional fertilization + phospholytic bacteria P623-9 240 L·hm-2(PY3), soil available phosphorous (AP) and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) content were monitored at different periods, and the dry weight of shoot, root development and yield of pepper were compared. The results showed that compared with CK, average soil AP content in PY1, PY2 and PY3 treatments increased by 40.9%, 73.1% and 38.1%, MBP content increased by 23.4%, 58.9% and 45.4%. The yield of pepper showed as PY2>PY1>PY3>CK, the yield of PY1, PY2 and PY increased 10.9%, 14.5% and 7.7% than CK, PY2 treatment could increase dry weight and promote root development,which was significantly different from the other 3 treatments (P<0.05). There was significant positive correlation between pepper yield and soil AP content, soil phosphorus solubilizing bacteria number, MBP content and plant shoot dry weight (P<0.01). To sum up, PSWY could significantly increase soil available phosphorus content, promote root development of pepper, and increase aboveground dry weight, and dramatically increase production of peppers, at the same time reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution, which provided a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of facility agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Efficient detection of pepper clusters can be crucial to realize the automated harvesting in the development of pepper industry. However, the existing detection of pepper cluster cannot fully meet the large-scale in recent years, due to the low efficiency, generalization, and real-time algorithm. In this study, an improved YOLOv5s model was proposed to accurately detect the pepper clusters in real time. 400 images were collected from the Xuande Pepper Industrial Park, Qinglong County, Guizhou Province, Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, China. 148 images were also downloaded from the Internet, and then screened to enhance data diversity. The collected 548 images were then labeled using the LabelImg tool. In addition, the data enhancement was performed on each image and labeled bounding box. Two new images were randomly generated using random rotation and brightness adjustment. As such, a total of 1644 images were obtained as the dataset. Firstly, the EfficientViT network was optimized using the lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) MobileNetV3 Block Convolution (MBConv) module and the ReLU with lightweight self-attention mechanism. CSPDarkNet53 network was used to replace the backbone of YOLOv5s. The global receptive field of model was enhanced to extract the important features. The better performance was suitable for the targets with the different scales, shapes, and background information. Secondly, Optimal Transport Assignment (OTA) was selected as the label assignment strategy. The optimal label assignment plan was obtained from the global perspective to achieve the effective label assignment. The robustness and accuracy of the model were improved for the complex scenes and target distribution. The WIoU loss function was also used as the bounding box localization of the detector, instead of the CIoU one. At the same time, the high-quality anchor frames were achieved to generate the benefit gradients for the better overall performance of the detector. A common experiment of target detection was performed on a homemade dataset, in order to verify the effectiveness of the improved model. The experimental results show that the improved model was achieved in a mean accuracy (mAP) of 97.3%, a parameter count of 5.9 M, and a detection speed of 131.6 frames per second (FPS). Specifically, the mAP and detection speed of the improved YOLOv5s model increased by 1.9 percentage points, and 14.5%, respectively, whereas, the number of parameters decreased by 15.7%, compared with the original. In addition, the mAP of the improved YOLOv5s model was 8, 16.9, 8.6, and 1.5 percentage points higher than that of EffcientDet-D1, SSD512, RetineNet-R50, and YOLOXs, respectively. The better performance of the improved YOLOv5s was achieved in terms of detection accuracy, detection speed, and number of model parameters. Therefore, the improved YOLOv5s model can be expected to accurately and rapidly detect the pepper clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pepper is an important vegetable crop and condiment, rich in nutrients. However, high temperature restricts the growth and development of pepper, seriously affects its yield and quality. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the response mechanism of heat stress to cultivate pepper varieties with strong heat resistance. Based on the physiological and biochemical, molecular, and omics mechanism, this review summarizes the recent advances in heat-response regulation mechanisms in pepper. Furthermore, the existing problems in current researches are pointed out and the key points in future studies are also proposed, aiming to promote the analysis of pepper heat+resistant mechanism and heat-resistant variety breeding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to investigate the comprehensive effects of irrigation amount on soil enzyme activity, yield, quality and nutrient utilization of pepper in Sichuan Basin, and propose an appropriate irrigation amount. 【Method】 The pepper variety of Xingshuzhoula 3 was used as the experiment material. Four irrigation amount treatments were set, and the soil volumetric moisture content was controlled respectively at 35%-40% (T1), 45%-50% (T2), 55%-60% (T3), 65%-70% (T4). The soil urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase β-Glucosidase activity and catalase activity such as yield, quality, and plant N, P, K content of peppers were determined. The interrelationship between the indicators was analyzed. 【Result】 The soil enzyme activities increased with the increase of irrigation amount. The soil urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase, β-glucosidase and catalase activities of T4 were the highest, and the activities of some enzymes were not significantly different from those of T3.Compared with T1, the increases were 48.80%, 28.70%, 45.60%, 100.87% and 102.58%, respectively. With the increase of irrigation amount, pepper yield also increased, T4 increased by 29.05% compared with T1, and there was no significant difference in pepper yield between T3 and T4.The content of vitamin C and capsaicin in peppers decreased gradually with the increase of irrigation water, but the content of soluble sugar in peppers increased with the increase of irrigation water. The amount of irrigation increased the total accumulation of nutrients (N, P and K), the physiological use efficiency of N and K and the partial fertilizer productivity in pepper fruits and shoots. Except that the physiological utilization efficiency of P was lower than that of T4, the other nutrient utilization parameters of T3 were not significantly different from those of T4, and the physiological utilization efficiency of K was even significantly higher than that of T4.【Conclusion】When the irrigation amount is 4392-4733 t/hm² (T3 and T4), the soil enzyme activity, yield and nutrient utilization rate of pepper are all at high levels. The results of the study provide a theoretical and practical reference for the selection of the irrigation amount of facilities pepper in Sichuan Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Packaging & Food Machinery is the property of Packaging & Food Machinery Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was to study the effect of rumen-passed capsicum oleoresin on serum antioxidant index, serum immune index and serum hormone level of dairy cows. A total of 465 Holstein cows with (2.52±1.33) parity, with (109.00 ± 52.31) d of lactation were randomly divided into two groups, 236 cows in control group and 229 cows in test group. The cows in control group were fed with total mixed diet (TMR), and the test group was supplemented with 300 mg/(head·d) of rumen-passed capsicum oleoresin in TMR. The test period was 91 d. The results showed that during the whole experimental period, the days with THI more than 72 (the cows entered heat stress state) were 62 d in total. The average THI in early, middle and late stages of test were 70.61, 75.60 and 73.17, respectively, and the days with THI more than 72 were 11, 27 and 24 d, respectively. The order of the severity of heat stress in dairy cows during test period was the middle stage of test > the later stage of test > the earlier stage of test. T-AOC and the activity of GSH-Px, CAT and SOD in serum of dairy cows at 90 d of trial period were significantly higher than those at 30 d and 60 d (P<0.05), and the content of MDA was significantly lower than those at 30 d and 60 d (P<0.05). At the 30th day of trial period, the serum IgG content of dairy cows was significantly lower than that of the 60th and 90th days (P<0.05), the serum IL-10 content of dairy cows at the 60th day was significantly higher than that of the 30th and 90th days (P<0.05), and the serum IgA, IgM, IL-6 content of dairy cows at the 90th day was significantly higher than that of the 30th and 60th days (P<0.05). At the 60th and 90th days of the trial period, the serum COR content of dairy cows was significantly lower than that of the 30th day (P<0.05), the serum T3 content of dairy cows at the 60th day was significantly higher than that of the 30th and 90th days (P<0.05), and the serum ALD content of dairy cows at the 90th day was significantly higher than that of the 30th and 60th days (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the addition of capsicum oleoresin could significantly increase serum SOD activity of dairy cows (P<0.05), and reduce the serum ALD content of dairy cows (P<0.05). There were significant interaction effect on the activity of GSH-Px, SOD and ALD content in serum of dairy cows during the diet treatment and test time (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that the addition of 300 mg/(head·d) rumen passing capsicum oleoresin in diet can improve the performance of dairy cows, increase the level of serum antioxidant and improve the level of serum stress hormone in dairy cows under heat stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to understand the surface wettability of leaves of different crops and improve the efficiency of chemical control by the scientific selection of adjuvants, the surface free energy and its components of wheat, corn, pepper, soybean, and apple leaves were measured by optical video contact angle measuring instrument. The contact angles of 2% femamectin benzoate ME and 20% abamectin + monosultap ME on the leaves of the above five crops were measured. The results showed that there were great differences in the adaxial and abaxial surface free energy of five crop leaves. The maximum and minimum surface free energy were pepper leaves (54.12 and 45.08 mJ/m²) and wheat leaves (3.76 and 6.42 mJ/m²), respectively. There were differences in surface free energy of the adaxial and abaxial leaves of the same crop. The adaxial and abaxial free energy of pepper leaves and the adaxial free energy of soybean leaves are dominated by polarity component, manifesting hydrophilicity, while the adaxial and abaxial free energy of wheat, corn, apple, and the abaxial free energy of soybean leaves are dominated by dispersion component, manifesting hydrophobicity. When Silwet 408 and GY-Spry were added to the 5 000-fold solution of 2% femamectin benzoate ME and 750-fold solution of 20% abamectin + monosultap ME, the contact angle of the solution on the leaves of five crops decreased to varying levels. After adding Silwet 408, the contact angles of the two solutions decreased by 82.63%- 100% and 85.07%-100% respectively. With the addition of GY-Spry, they decreased by 0-57.54% and 10.96%-59.13% respectively. The addition of Silwet 408 decreased the contact angle more significantly than GY-Spry. The decreasing trend of contact angle of the two insecticides added with adjuvants on the leaf surface of five crops was the same, and the decreasing trend of contact angle in 0-30 s was significantly higher than that in 30-60 s. Both Silwet 408 and GY-Spry improve the wettability of 2% femamectin benzoate ME and 20% abamectin + monosultap ME to five targets, and Silwet 408 is superior to GY-Spry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the drying characteristics and quality variation of pepper during coupled microwave hot air drying, the effects of microwave power, hot air temperature and hot air velocity on drying characteristics and quality of pepper were investigated, and the drying kinetics models were established. The results show that under different drying conditions, the water ratio of pepper decreases exponentially. The drying process is composed of drying stage of increasing rate and drying stage of decreasing rate, and mainly presents the drying of decreasing rate; The effective water diffusivity ranges from 3.160 25x 10-9 to 9.875 79x 10-9 m²/s. By comparing the determination coefficient, Chi-square, residual square sum, and fitting the experimental values with the predicted values, Modified Page model was determined in order to better predict the variation of water ratio in the drying process of pepper. Microwave power, hot air temperature and air velocity have significant effects on color and capsaicin content. Under single temperature test, the rise of hot air temperature has significant effects on dihydrocapsaicin (1.39-1.57 mg/g), capsaicin (3.93-5.79 mg/g) and capsaicinoid compounds (7.03-8.81 mg/g). The study provides theoretical basis for industrialized drying processing of peppers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in health physical examination population, and to further explore the relationship between Hp infection and pepsinogen (PG) and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in health physical examination population. Methods: 146 healthy physical examination persons who underwent Hp screening in our hospital from March 2021 to March 2022 were selected, and they were divided into HP-positive group (n=62) and HP-negative group (n=84) according to the results of carbon 13 urea breath test. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of HP infection in healthy physical examination population. The serum PG Ⅰ, PG Ⅱ, PGⅠ/PGⅡ levels and the CAS proportion were compared between the two groups. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between DOB value of HP-positive group and serum PG Ⅰ, PG Ⅱ, PGⅠ/PGⅡ and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Results: Univariate analysis showed that, compared with the HP-negative group, the HP-positive group was older, had higher proportion family history of Hp infection, smoking, drinking, food tastes spicy, frequent intake salted food, shared tableware, had lower proportion frequent drank teas and frequent intake of fruits/vegetables (all P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age, family history of Hp infection, smoking, food tastes spicy, frequent intake salted food and shared tableware were independent risk factors for Hp infection in health physical examination population, and frequent drank teas and frequent intake of fruits/vegetables were independent protective factors (all P＜0.05). Serum PGⅠ and PGⅡ levels and CAS proportion in Hp-positive group were higher than those in Hp-negative group, while PGⅠ/PGⅡ was lower than that in Hp-negative group (all P＜0.05). Spearman correlation coefficient showed that DOB value in Hp-positive group was positively correlated with PGⅠ, PGⅡ and CIMT, but negatively correlated with PGⅠ/PGⅡ. Conclusion: Increasing age, family history of HP infection, smoking, food tastes spicy, frequent intake salted food and shared tableware are the risk factors for HP infection in healthy physical examination population, while frequent drank teas and frequent intake of fruits/vegetables are the protective factors for HP infection in healthy physical examination population. HP infection is closely related to changes in serum PG level and CAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]