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Copyright of New History / Xin Shixue is the property of Xin Shixue Zazhishe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The implementation of garbage classification policies is an essential means to solve the problem of environmental externalities, and promoting the coordinated development of the implementation system of garbage classification policies is an important guarantee to improve garbage management. Using systems theory, this study examined the collaborative dynamics among local governments, businesses, and society during the implementation of garbage classification policies in Jianggan District, Hangzhou. It constructed a systemic analytical framework founded on the principles of ‘parallel interconnections-interactive associations,’ elucidating the intrinsic links between abstract systems theory and micro-level practical models. The study revealed that: ① Associations of various types, adhering to the logic of systems, contracts, and voluntary actions, could enhance complementary effects. However, they could also lead to conservative tendencies, fostering resistance to external innovation and increasing conflict risks. ② An open system characterized by adaptability showed the evolution of the garbage sorting policy implementation system, reflecting an advancement from parallel interconnections to interactive associations. ③ The transformation of the policy execution system was inseparable from the innovative drive of local governments and relied on support from shared visions, organizational networks, and technological conditions. Measures to promote the development of dual-layer associated collaboration include: ① Enhancing the responsive and consultative functions of the policy execution process; creating institutional spaces for local governments to respond to social demands; addressing the discourse and value discrepancies between the government and residents; and constructing a consultative public sphere. ② Building a multi-type associative mechanism that helps develop from ‘separation’ to ‘integration;’ promoting a ‘strong linkage’ in structured role arrangements and process controls; establishing a ‘weak linkage’ driven by goal orientation and autonomy; and working toward a more smart, simplified, and targeted digital empowerment in environmental governance. ③ Leveraging the dual-layer associated collaboration effect of government innovation; driving policy innovations that help consolidate the interests of multiple stakeholders; facilitating avenues for multi-stakeholder involvement in local decision-making; and capitalizing on the regulatory effects of both formal and informal rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In June 1920, a homicide case in Shanghai sent shock waves through society: Yen Ruisheng, the client of a prostitute named Wang Lianying, murdered Wang and absconded with her jewelry. Wang's body was discovered in a nearby field a few days after her death, leading to the exposure of this killing. From the moment Wang's body was found to Yen's capture and subsequent execution (a time period lasting from June to November) the public was engrossed in every step of the investigation, pursuit, trial, and execution. Seizing upon this opportunity, theater owners capitalized on these sensational events by producing a play about them. This drama became an instant hit, attracting large audiences. The use of topical events is one features of Shanghai style Peking Opera. However, topical drama had struggled to find its footing when it first emerged during the late Qing dynasty. With the debut of Executing Yen Ruisheng in 1920, this particular genre of Peking Opera experienced an unprecedented surge in popularity due to its being highly entertaining. Topical drama features two concepts: current time/recent time and actual events. Through watching this type of drama, audiences could not only fulfill their voyeuristic desires to pry into others' privacy but also better empathize with the story since it resembled their daily lives. These resonations could be converted into both profit and public opinion. This article provides an overview of performances of Executing Yen Ruisheng based on the study of news reports, theater advertisements, drama reviews, and recordings. Through analyzing the contents of this work, the author considers how its creators combined true story materials and the imagination, and then went beyond the boundary of real and fiction to create a new reality on stage. Lastly, the article discusses the potential roles that this work played in the public sphere and its unique place in the history of Peking Opera while exploring aspects of topical drama's emotional expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the stories of the New Immigrants Project (hereinafter referred to as Project A), a University Social Responsibility (USR) project at Chengchi University. The author of this paper explains and reviews the process of using the ethnographic method to explore the feasibility of and specific methods for publicizing and popularizing anthropological knowledge through USR projects. This paper attempts to answer three questions: (1) Why does implementing USR projects require the ethnographic method? (2) How do project implementers use USR projects as a means to promote the publicization/popularization of the ethnographic method? and (3) Which strategies and methods are used by anthropologists as interventions in migrant communities in order to implement projects while simultaneously promoting the publicization/ popularization of anthropology? As the principal investigator of Project A and as an ethnography practitioner, the author of this study describes the stories of three project participants. First, the author considered that the Ankang Community in Taipei City and its surrounding areas had many Vietnamese features; therefore, at the beginning of the project, she invited a graduate student specializing in teaching Chinese to Vietnamese people to join this project. Through this project and through the course, the ethnographic method was taught, and faculty and students at Chengchi University, students of the Chinese class, and immigrants of the community collaborated to produce a work for the public — “Vietnam History Around Us.” Second, the principal investigator and the Vietnamese student studying at Chengchi University, who was also the Chinese teacher, established a community Chinese class following the ethnographic method. The Chinese teacher observed the language learning effects and demands of Vietnamese immigrant children, and she completed a set of Chinese teaching materials for Vietnamese immigrant children which focused on campus life. She also composed “Let’s Learn Chinese Together,” a teaching manual containing immigrant children’s stories that were written and collected using the ethnologic method. Third, a student in the Chinese class with potential for working in ethnography produced online videos to share the Taiwanese and Vietnamese cultures and to express her views on the human rights of marriage immigrants and migrant workers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the student established an online Chinese co-learning community for immigrants who came to Taiwan through marriage or for work. Later, invited by the principal investigator, she became an interviewer of immigrant children, and she was invited to be an interviewee for the Research Methodology course at Chengchi University to share her strategies and methods of interacting with immigrant children. The three aforementioned stories are presented as responses to the three research questions of this study. First, USR projects require the ethnological method; specifically, they require a professional ethnological method that surpasses the conventional methods used in academia. Ethnographic researchers within academia conduct longterm investigations in communities with different cultures so as to generate an ethnography focused on each culture. By contrast, the USR project utilizes the ethnographic method to establish a language-learning community of immigrants. It uses professional Chinese teaching as the intervention strategy, and finally uses the ethnographic method to review the project implementation process. Second, both USR projects and public anthropology emphasize public responsibilities that the humanities and social sciences should assume. Therefore, the USR projects offer a platform for the publicization/popularization of anthropology. in and outside universities. Third, the popularized ethnography used in Project A employed a multi-point, multi-period survey strategy. The project team participated, recorded, and shared the predicaments and demands of immigrant language learners. The researcher/teacher and the researched/ learner were intersubjective. Awareness and balance of power inequalities between the two were achieved, and a work for the public was produced. Based on the experiences of implementing Project A, the author of this study argues that one way to publicizing/popularize the knowledge and methods of anthropology is for ethnographers to develop the ethnographic method into a tool that the public can utilize. Ethnographers should also proactively collaborate with people in other professions to respond to public needs and to bring about social change. In the meantime, ethnographers should produce public-centered works to serve as the basis for individuals to engage in dialogue in the public sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Media Report Overseas is the property of Edmondson Intercultural Enterprises and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the difference between Western ethical criticism and ethical literary criticism has not been clarified, some arguments from the debate between Posner and Nussbaum on ethical criticism are prone to be extended to the discussion on ethical literary criticism. it is important to note that the debate does not really focus on ethical literary criticism but rather addresses the qualifications and responsibilities of literary criticism in the public sphere. Furthermore, it raises concerns regarding intellectual identity transformation and the resulting crisis in ethics of criticism. Although this debate is not directly related to ethical literary criticism, it provides valuable insights for further refining the theoretical framework of ethical literary criticism. As a socially engaged branch of literary theory, ethical literary criticism can address unresolved issues raised by this debate through a deeper exploration of its concept of "literary market." In response to challenges of identity transformation in liberal studies, intellectuals may find new solutions through embracing ethical literary criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education in Taiwan has undergone major changes since 1994. Both the appeals of civil society groups and the content of official reports and subsequent policies are full of neoliberalism discourses. This article conducted document analysis and philosophizing methods, and adopted critical pedagogy as a theoretical framework to achieve the following four research purposes. The first is to analyze the neoliberal discourse within globalization, focusing on academic capitalism and new public management, which have significantly impacted higher education; the second is to review and reflect on Taiwan's 30 years of development of higher education reform through official reports and higher education-related policies; the third is to explore the impact of neoliberalism on higher education, especially the important aspects of governance, curriculum, teaching, learning and teachers in universities; and the fourth is to rethink how future higher education institutions, along with their teachers and students, can break through neoliberalism's influences. Ultimately, this article proposed that universities must re-establish themselves as democratic public spheres in the face of the destruction of democratic values by neoliberal discourse, with university teachers and students as transformative public intellectuals to jointly defend the publicity and social responsibility of higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International & Comparative Education is the property of International & Comparative Education Editorial, Beijing Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Taiwan Law Review is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenzhen University Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Journal of Shenzhen University (Humanities & Social Sciences) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Public Art is the property of Shanghai Fine Arts Publisher Ltd. co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the emergence of public art in Australian urban spaces, artists have established more extensive links with the public in the socio-cultural sphere. The forms and connotations of public art have also become more affluent. At present, public art has become an essential practical research course at various universities in Australia in a progressing state of pluralism and inclusion. This essay will analyse the origin, development and evolution of public art in Australia to reflect on the practice and research methods of public art education in the process of globalization and urbanization. It will take the first public art professional course at RMIT University in Australia, as an example, to discuss the teaching methods of public art professional courses and explore the roles of practice-led research in teaching and disciplinary development. At the same time, by analyzing the practical cases of art in the community, it will explore the relationship between participatory art and the community, and how public art practice can integrate social issues with personal experience to coordinate the complex relationship between different cultural groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Public Art is the property of Shanghai Fine Arts Publisher Ltd. co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Taiwanese Journal of Sociology is the property of Taiwanese Sociological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Communication & Culture is the property of Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Mass Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foreign Literature Studies is the property of Foreign Literature Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Capital Institute of Physical Education is the property of Shoudu Tiyu Xueyuan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research on Women in Modern Chinese History / Jindai Zhongguo Funu Shi Yanjiu is the property of Zhongyang Yanjiuyuan Jindai Shi Yanjiusuo (Academia Sinica: Institute of Modern History) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wuhan University Journal (Philosophy & Social Sciences) / Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Zhexue Shehui Kexue Ban) is the property of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

“9/11” is a symbolic staring-point of Jürgen Habermas' “religious turn”. In the recent decade, the German philosopher and social theorist has studied religious issues in western context systematically. Previous researches emphasize on the extrinsic causes, such as immigration and religious pluralization. This article argues that Habermas' discourse ethics functions as an intrinsic cause of his religious turn. His concern on religion demonstrates an attempt to defend the two basic principles of his discourse ethics, facing challenges of religious diversity. It reflects also the Achilles' heel of contemporary western political philosophy about religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Foreign Literature Studies is the property of Foreign Literature Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wuhan University Journal. Humanity Sciences / Wuhan Daxue Xuebao. Renwen Kexue Ban is the property of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Potosí, is a neighborhood in the urban-rural border in Bogotá, Colombia, founded in the 1980's as an informal settlement with no running water, electricity, cultural buildings or activities, not even public space reserved for their inhabitants. ICES worked with the "Expanding Buildings" team to transform an abandoned building in the community that had been on fire into a community cinema, creating a variable public space for a specifc purpose for the community, as it works as some sort of beacon in the neighborhood that embodies the notion of the public property in face of the capitalization of public spaces as well as the culture in contemporary cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Zhejiang University. Humanities & Social Sciences / Zhejiang Daxue Xuebao is the property of Zhejiang University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Information technology as an important external variable plays an important role in the generation and development of public life. While the emergence of public life in the modern sense is a product of the split between the state and the society, the development of information technology greatly influences and modifies public life. The innovations in information technology normally can result in some changes in the scenes of public life. They can bring more room into public life, enrich its contents, and make it common for people in general to take part in public life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot Weibo is an official app offered by Sina to highlight the popular Weibo posts. It measures the hotness of posts by the number of views, forwards, comments, and compliments. The top 100 hot Weibo posts are listed by Sina every day, which concentrate on that day's most important issues and become a microcosm of online public agenda in China. Through the prism of Hot Weibo, this study asks three questions: (1) what are the dominating agenda on Weibo, (2) who set these agenda and in what ways, and (3) how are these agenda distributed on Weibo? Results show that social and entertainment issues dominate online agenda on Hot Weibo, which indicates a convergence of public space and private space in the Chinese microblogosphere. The distribution of discursive power on Weibo mirrors the power relationship in the real society. While elite users constitute the majority of hot Weibo contributors, grassroots users do have a chance to participate in the public sphere. In some cases, those nobodies who do not have many followers can also become agenda setters on Hot Weibo because of the high value of their Weibo posts. Content is the most important factor that determines the degree of hotness of a Weibo message, whereas the form and narrative do matter in boosting Weibo appeal. This research found that more than 70% of the Hot Weibo samples have pictures, which suggests the importance of visual element in blogging. Meanwhile, as news and information can help a post become a Hot Weibo, comments and opinions can also become top Weibo posts, which is sometimes more powerful in influencing public opinion. The agenda on hot Weibo are normally trivial and divergent. Once a breaking public event happens, however, people tend to speak in one voice and a strong collective consciousness will emerge. Weibo agenda will instantly amalgamate and lead to remarkable social cohesion. However, there are still a few limitations in the study. First, the categorization of Weibo contributors and Weibo themes could further be refined. The current categorization is based on the observation of the overall samples, and the scope and levels of the classification might not be optimum. In particular, the "other" category in theme has a similar high average degree of hotness to the "social issues" category, but does not have a more accurate description. Second, the sample size is limited. Only the first five Weibo posts on the chosen days were analyzed. To increase the representativeness, future studies could utilize data mining techniques to conduct more representative surveys of Hot Weibo. Oftentimes, we hear a hubbub of voices on Weibo, but underneath such hubbub, we can always see a tendency towards consensus. There is always something that can temporarily stop people's trivial interests and private discussions, and direct people's attention to a public issue. The value of Weibo is exactly the power to build a relatively free market place of ideas in which public members determine what are the most important issues facing the society by choosing what to and what not to talk about on Weibo. Nevertheless, whether Weibo is too chaotic or too focused to serve as a better institution than traditional mass media in fostering democracy is a question we need to further consider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major part of Lun Yu's ideological resources was from Ping She and Yu Si, which carried the liberal intellectuals' observation and thinking of the political phenomena, featuring an obvious political dimension. Adhering to the independence of the intellectuals and the political middle ground and combining political criticism and humorous discourse, the magazine won a lot of freedom to make political criticism. Meanwhile, Lun Yu used its own advantages of bringing together the views and forming public opinions as a public forum, encouraging the public to make an open discussion on various political issues. Its efforts to make political criticism promoted the construction of the public sphere in the 1930s and 1940s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though Habermas's original Public Sphere theory is derived from a western societal origin, it has been used recently as the primary tool to analyze the Chinese society and the issue of public opinion. This has sparked much debate in whether or not it is suitable to use such western theories to analyze the Chinese society. This paper attempts to address this issue first by conducting a conceptual analysis on the theory of public sphere as proposed by Hannah Arendt and Jurgen Habermas, and second, by proposing solutions to the problem in response to the debate about the use of western theory in such a Chinese context. Firstly this paper reviews Arendt's theoretical background. Arendt's introspection of the modernity crisis and liberal philosophy begins with her critique on totalitarianism, which inspired her to illuminate publicity in the political life as a core concept. She has established the subjectivity of humans, reflected and criticized the origin of totalitarianism which caused many catastrophes to humanity, and proposed the solution to the modern constitutional dilemma, the three of which jointly form the initial support for the public sphere theory. Habermas's theory of public sphere which is based on Arendt's theory bears many important factors that influence the modern society. These factors not only ensure the operability of mass democracy, but also represent a breakthrough on the societal institutional level. In this paper, we attempt to observe the theory in its original context in which Habermas developed it, in order to reach the core of the theory and discover the reason behind its development; we shall also state the various connotations of a public sphere respectively, including the public sphere as a historical category, the public sphere as a normative concept, the public sphere's political function and relevant issues about civil society. The late capitalist society gave rise to the public sphere theory, therefore it cannot be separated from the historical context of Europe; Habermas's use of inter-subjectivity seeks the universality of understanding the theory, which provides a new validity in interpreting the public sphere as a normative concept; the introduction of both concepts publicity and public opinion gives Habermas's theory the implication of political function, leading the development of the theory to the theme of regime legitimacy and towards the legalization process of mass democracy; the two sides of "modernity as an unfinished project," the civil society and the public sphere, are regarded by Habermas as the new base of developing discourse democracy. Secondly, this paper discusses the condition and the legitimacy of theory used as an ideal type, theoretical tool and academic discourse in the Chinese context. We tend to agree with the bold use of western public sphere theory, at the same time we stress that the social context must be taken into consideration when applying the public sphere/civil society theory and propose that the use of concept should not only lay stress on the historical content behind the concept, but also avoid restricting the view by the sole theoretical frame. In order to explore the greater value of theory, we offer a unique theoretical perspective that exceeds the theory of the public sphere in modern China by constructing a discourse space with the intension of practice to connect the individual, the society and the country. It is noted that the subjectivity of the great majority of Chinese people should be established and the Chinese people's general rights of expression should be guaranteed in the social life space; the publicity beyond the civil society and the way in which public approval is achieved in the discourse space should be explored; and the relationship between country and society should be re-analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, a large number of videos which are produced by the folks have changed the process of New Media Events to varying degrees. They have become an effective approach for the ordinary persons to take part in public affairs and also have afforded a new perspective for the discussion on internet politics and functions. Folk video, as one of language codes which could be decoded easily from the folks, firstly, is the self-presentation of folk ideology. They have formed a kind of polyphonic video narration with multi-angles and multi-levels, eliminates step by step the traditional mainstream ideological hegemony in the past. Secondly, by the way of "being on the scene", folk video represents the historic reality as the resources of public discussion, breaks the delivering frame of public memory controlled by the traditional power and commercialism. Therefore, the communication of folk video is more beneficial to the rational communication for people in the public-sphere constructed by the internet and to the dynamic balance and democratization of discourse power, and thus to promote the construction of civil society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the field of education, as an intersection of the state sphere, the public sphere, and the professional sphere, are under different or even conflicting influences from these different spheres, for each of them has its characteristic leading force, operation logic and institutional framework. Such a complexity, therefore, should be accommodated by the education reform. Currently, the issue of how to protect the professionalism in education is becoming increasingly prominent due to the facts of great concern like: the school management is under too much government control; schools are run by entrepreneurs and government officials; and educational experts are supervised by non-experts. As a professional sphere, the field of education, different from the typical state and public spheres, has its own institutional construction and should follow its own intrinsic logic. All this should be taken into consideration when we make institutional designs for education reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jiaoao area had gone through three developing stages from a port to a leased land and a city during the modern times. As one of the typical cases that develop from a port to a city, this progress is recorded in some historical documents, it is also confirmed by some extant city buildings. These extant buildings show clearly the change of land-owner right and the progress of urban space expansion. On these grounds, we can infer the developing stages of the formation of urban space in the Jiaoao area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of governance, government, market and civil society all share some kind of publicness, which has a specific context and meaning. Publicness is the foundation of cooperation between state, market and civil society. Meanwhile, the value of publicness and its goals could be achieved in the process of regulating government, market and civil society. The publicness in the viewpoint of governance is based on the maximization of public interest by taking it as the starting point as well as the field. In the specific activities of governance, publicness generates from the public sphere which meanwhile builds a bridge of exchange and cooperation to realize publicness. As a result, publicness is characterized by co-existence, co-governance and sharing. The goal of publicness is to realize good governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liberal feminism emphasized the individuality but ignored the circumstances of the person; the left feminism emphasized the patriarchy but ignored the economic facts; while Marxist feminism regarded the sex or gender as a political strategy, and they took a risk to obliterate the sex or gender. Only socialist feminism put emphasis on both gender and class, and it attributed the fact to the capitalist patriarchy that women suffered oppression. The socialist feminism literary criticism saw the class and gender as the core concept, at the same time utilized so many other theories such as psychoanalysis, semiology, public sphere,text production. The socialist feminism developed a series of effective strategies, and it will bring a new perspective for the feminism criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1790s, in the intense partisan struggle, both Federalists and Republicans made use of newspapers and other publications to publicize their ideas and win over the people. In 1798, the Federalists passed the Sedition Act, which was designed to prevent the Republicans from inciting opposition against the government and to maintain social stability. With the promulgation and implementation of the Act, not only Republicans but also many newspaper editors and ordinary people participated in activities and debates opposing the Act. In these widespread and thoroughgoing debates, both the Federalists and their opponents expressed their ideas and put them into practice. This was a dynamic process released the energy of newspapers, pamphlets and other public media in which political elites and "the people" interacted. Although the "public sphere" remained an instrument of partisan struggle for a long time, in objective terms the debates and activities around the Sedition Act made the "public sphere" an important medium in the early stages of US democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "death of intellectuals" was sadly raised by French thinkers in the 1970s. The so-called "death of intellectuals" refers to the fact that the former public intellectuals gradually back out of public domain into their own professional field by giving up public discourse, and become professional intellectuals. Such fact can also be found in China. Meanwhile, a new type of intellectuals appears, that is, media intellectuals, who make it possible to rebuild the public for intellectuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]