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Objective To investigate the value of differential expression of β-defensins (DEFB) 1 and DEFB4A in predicting the development of endometrial cancer (EC) and whether they are involved in progesterone-mediated inhibition of EC. Methods Transcriptome sequencing data from 172 EC patients were utilized from the TIMER and GEPIA2 platforms to analyze the differential expression of DEFB1 and DEFB4A and survival. EC Ishikawa cells were treated with different concentrations of progesterone, and the expression of DEFB1 and DEFB4A in each concentration group was compared and analyzed. Results The expression levels of DEFB1 and DEFB4A in EC tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues. After approximately 40 months, the survival rates between high and low expression groups of DEFB1 and DEFB4A were further differentiated. After progesterone treatment, the mRNA and protein levels of DEFB1 in the 10-6 mol/L group were significantly increased compared to the control group at 24 and 48 hours, with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05). However, there was no significant change in DEFB1 expression between 24 and 48 hours in the 10-6 mol/L group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). No significant changes were observed in DEFB4A levels across all concentration groups, and the differences were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). The activity of EC Ishikawa cells under progesterone treatment was significantly negatively correlated with DEFB1 expression (P＜0.05). Conclusion DEFB1 may serve as a critical factor in predicting the development of EC, indicating the risk of recurrence with progesterone therapy and potentially becoming a therapeutic target for EC inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Based on the regulation of progesterone membrane receptor component 1 (pgrmc1）, to explore the inhibition mechanism of progesterone (PROG） on neuronal damage of newborn mice subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Methods Primary cortical neuronal cells were isolated from newborn mice within 12 hours of birth, cultured in vitro for 7 days, and were identified using microtubule-associated protein 2（MAP2） detection. The neuronal cells were randomly divided into the control group, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO） group, AG205 group, PROG group, and AG205 + PROG group, respectively. Neuronal cells in the DMSO group, AG205 group, PROG group, and AG205 + PROG group were added with prepared glucose deficient D-Hanks solution and were cultured in an hypoxic incubator for 2 h, then were replaced with neuronal growth medium. At 1 h before OGD/R models were established, cells in the DMSO group were treated with DMSO, and cells in the AG205 and AG205+PROG groups were treated with AG205 (10 μmol/L). At 2 h after OGD/R models were established, cells in the AG205+PROG group were treated with PROG (20 μmol/L). After 24 h of reoxygenation, cell viability was detected using CCK-8, and apoptotic cells were detected using flow cytometry. Results The cell survival rates of the DMSO group and the AG205 group were lower than that of the control group, and that was lower in the AG205 group than in the DMSO group. The cell survival rates of the PROG group and the AG205 + PROG group were higher than that of the AG205 group, and that was higher in the PROG group than in the AG205 + PROG group (all P<0. 05). The apoptosis rates of the DMSO group and the AG205 group were higher than that of the control group, and that was higher in the AG205 group than in the DMSO group； the apoptosis rates of the PROG group and the AG205 + PROG group were lower than that of the AG205 group（ all P<0. 05). Conclusion PROG can inhibit neuronal damage in OGD/R neonatal mice, inhibiting pgrmc1 can reduce OGD/R neuronal activity and increase apoptosis, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of pgrmc1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of ultrasound detection of pregnancy corpus luteum combined with serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and progesterone (P) in predicting ectopic pregnancy in patients with early pregnancy of unknown location (PUL). Methods: 148 PUL patients who were treated in our hospital from January 2022 to October 2023 were selected, patients were divided into ectopic pregnancy group (all tubal pregnancy) 71 cases and intrauterine pregnancy group (intrauterine early pregnancy and intrauterine early pregnancy abortion) 77 cases according to the results of surgical pathology. The echo type of corpus luteum, blood flow classification, pregnancy corpus luteum hemodynamic parameters and serum β-hCG and P levels were detected and compared between two groups. The predictive value of pregnancy corpus luteum hemodynamic parameters combine with serum β-hCG and P for ectopic pregnancy in early PUL patients were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The blood flow classification in intrauterine pregnancy group was better than that in ectopic pregnancy group (P<0.05), but two groups of echo type contrast, the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The blood flow resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) in intrauterine pregnancy group were lower than those in ectopic pregnancy group, while the peak systolic velocity (PSV) was higher than that in ectopic pregnancy group (P<0.05). The levels of serum β-hCG and P in intrauterine pregnancy group were higher than those in ectopic pregnancy group (P<0.05). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that, the area under the curve(AUC) of pregnancy corpus luteum hemodynamic parameters combined with serum β-hCG and P detection for predicting ectopic pregnancy in early PUL patients was 0.842, which was higher than that of other indicators alone. Conclusion: Ultrasound detection of pregnancy corpus luteum combined with serum β-hCG and P detection has a high predictive value for ectopic pregnancy in early PUL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease characterized by proliferative lesions in the anogenital region, and its pathogenesis is mainly related to HPV infection and disturbed immune responses. Studies have shown that the incidence of CA is higher in women than in men, and the incidence of CA during pregnancy is higher than that during non-pregnancy. Sex hormones may be related to the occurrence and development of CA. This article reviews the association of estrogen and progesterone with CA, and discusses the possible link of estrogen and CA to the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in cellular immunity during HPV infection, in addition to exploration of the role of estrogen and progesterone in the pathogenesis and recurrence of CA, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CA.

Objective To study the hormone levels and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with thyroid cancer and breast cancer, and to explore the possible relationship between the two cancers. Methods Clinical data of 82 cases of thyroid cancer with breast cancer (combined cancer group) patients and 86 cases of simple thyroid cancer (thyroid cancer group) patients in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2010 to December 2022 were collected. According to whether the BMI was greater than 24, patients in combined cancer group were divided into overweight combined cancer group (n=37) and normal combined cancer group (n=45), and patients in thyroid cancer group were divided into overweight thyroid cancer group (n=44) and normal thyroid cancer group (n=42). The general characteristics, pathological characteristics, thyroid hormone and endocrine hormone levels of the two groups, and pathological features of different BMI subgroups were compared. Results There was no significant difference in age, BMI and menstrual status between the two groups (P＞0.05). However, the tumor diameter of patients in overweight combined cancer group was (0.65±0.33) cm, which was significantly smaller than that of patients in overweight thyroid cancer group ［(1.06±0.97) cm］, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.452, P=0.018). The proportion of patients with previous reproductive history in the combined cancer group was significantly higher〖LM〗 than that in the thyroid cancer group (93.90% vs 80.23%, χ2=6.892, P=0.009). The levels of thyroxine, estriol and progesterone were higher in the combined cancer group than those in the thyroid cancer group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The level of testosterone in the combined cancer group was significantly lower than that in the thyroid cancer group ［0.77(0.48,1.02) nmol/L vs 0.88(0.68,1.21) nmol/L,z=3.008, P=0.003］. Conclusion Patients with thyroid cancer combined with breast cancer have higher serum thyroxine, progesterone and estritol and lower testosterone levels on clinical biochemical markers compared with patients with thyroid cancer alone. Although no correlation was found between BMI and clinicopathologic features, the pathological features of overweight patients with breast cancer and thyroid cancer showed smaller tumor diameter. Therefore, health education and disease screening for obese patients should be strengthened clinically.

Progesterone is an essential steroid hormone in the human body, which affects male reproductive health. In order to better understand the influence and role of progesterone in male reproductive diseases, this article reviews the relevant literatures on the factors that affect progesterone levels, and finds that blood lipids, metal ions, food additives, and various drugs affect the synthesis and secretion of progesterone through different channels. Simultaneously, it also combs the efiects of progesterone on infertility, erectile dysfunction, and prostate diseases. In additiont progesterone level has varying degrees of efiects on neurological diseases, digestive system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, orthopedic diseases, and tumor diseases. It suggests that we should pay attention to the impact of progesterone on male reproductive health and even systemic health diseases, providing new insights and references for clinical diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Detergent & Cosmetics is the property of Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the value of uterine artery blood flow parameters [pulsation index (PI), resistance index (RI), systolic/diastolic blood flow velocity (S/D)] combine with serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), progesterone (P) and estradiol (E2) in predicting abortion in pregnant women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) re-pregnancy. Methods: 145 pregnant women with RSA re-pregnancy (RSA group) who were admitted to Anhui Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2021 to October 2022 were selected, and 145 healthy pregnant women (control group) in our hospital during the same period were selected, pregnant women with RSA re-pregnancy were divided into abortion group (65 cases) and live birth group (80 cases) according to the pregnancy outcome. The levels of serum β-HCG, P and E2 were detected, and the uterine artery blood flow parameters were detected by transvaginal ultrasound. The factors affecting of abortion in pregnant women with RSA re-pregnancy were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the value of uterine artery blood flow parameters combined with serum β-HCG, P and E2 in predicting abortion in pregnant women with RSA re-pregnancy were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The levels of PI, RI and S/D in RSA group were higher than those in control group, and the levels of serum β-HCG, P and E2 were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). PI, RI and S/D in abortion group were higher than those in live birth group, and serum β-HCG, P and E2 levels were lower than those in live birth group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased age, PI, RI, and S/D were independent risk factors for abortion in pregnant women with RSA re-pregnancy, and increased β-HCG, P, and E2 were independent protective factors (P<0.05). The area under the curve of uterine artery blood flow parameters combined with serum β-HCG, P and E2 to predict abortion in pregnant women with RSA re-pregnancy was 0.941, which was higher than that predicted by single index (P<0.05). Conclusion: The increase of PI, RI and S/D and the decrease of serum β-HCG, P and E2 in pregnant women with RSA re-pregnancy are closely relate to the occurrence of abortion. Uterine artery blood flow parameters combine with serum β-HCG, P and E2 have a higher predictive value for abortion in pregnant women with RSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease characterized by proliferative lesions in the anogenital region, and its pathogenesis is mainly related to HPV infection and disturbed immune responses. Studies have shown that the incidence of CA is higher in women than in men? and the incidence of CA during pregnancy is higher than that during non-pregnancy. Sex hormones may be related to the occurrence and development of CA. This article reviews the association of estrogen and progesterone with CA, and discusses the possible link of estrogen and CA to the balance of Thl/Th2 and Thl7/Treg in cellular immunity during HPV infection, in addition to exploration of the role of estrogen and progesterone in the pathogenesis and recurrence of CA, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate whether the treatment outcome of IVF can be improved by progesterone pretreatment of endometriosis. 168 cases with male factors and ovarian endometriosis cysts were divided into two groups: (1) experimental group: 12 days of natural cycle menstruation before IVF dystogesterone, 30 mg/day, 14 days, 3 months; (2) Control group: no intervention before IVF. Blood CA125 was measured before IVF, ovulation was induced by long luteal phase program, and CA125 was measured again one week after ovulation (pituitary hypo regulation day), and the endometrium was taken for ER, PR, HOXA-10 mrna detection and pathological examination. Endometrial thickness, morphology and blood flow were measured by HCG daily. Clinical data and outcomes were compared. The embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05); The endometrium was thicker in the control group than in the experimental group on HCG day. The ratio of endometrial type A blood flow in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The endometrial ratio of type A in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, but there was no difference (P>0.05); CA125 was higher than the reference value in both groups before IVF, but there was no difference (P>0.05). The CA125 was lower in the experimental group than in the control group when the pituitary gland was retested on the day of pituitary downregulation, and lower in the experimental group than before the intervention; the expression of ER, PR and HOXA-10 mRNA in the endometrium was higher in the experimental group than in the control group, and the ratio of endometrium in the secretory phase was higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05); The pain scores of all symptoms were improved in both groups after treatment than before treatment, and the experimental group was better than the After treatment, the pain scores of both groups improved compared with those before treatment, and the experimental group was better than the control group(P<0.05). In IVF treatment of ovarian endometriosis cysts, preconditioning the endometrium with progesterone can reduce blood CA125, facilitate the transformation of endometrial tissue types, reduce endometrial thickness, increase endometrial blood flow, increase endometrial ER, PR, HOXA-10 mRNA expression, and improve endometrial receptivity, relieve symptoms and pain, Improve the clinical pregnancy rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most film and television dramas focus on using musk for abortion. However, musk also has many beneficial uses. Lin Xiaoxiang has a keen interest in studying traditional Chinese medicine, especially muscone. She once dreamt of traveling back to ancient times and using her knowledge of the chemistry and pharmacology of muscone to help children with pediatric convulsions (psychiatric disorders). There, she also advised a pregnant woman on the correct use of muscone and ensured that the accurate information regarding muscone is disseminated to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of pregnancy includes several irreversible steps from embryo implantation, decidualization, placenta development to final delivery. The successful occurrence of embryo implantation requires the synchronization between implantation-competent blastocysts and receptive uterus. The establishment of uterine receptivity is under the dynamic regulation of ovarian progesterone and oestrogen through their respective nuclear receptors, which cooperate with various transcription factors, cytokines and growth factors to induce the orderly proliferation and differentiation of uterine epithelial and stromal cells.

Difenoconazole is widely used and has been found to have excessive residues in edible agricultural products and has been detected in serum and follicular fluid of infertile women. To investigate the effects of subacute oral exposure to difenoconazole on ovarian function, the changes of progesterone (P) and estradiol (E2 ) in rat serum were determined after gavage administration of 50, 100, and 200 mg/(kg bw • d) of difenoconazole corn oil solution, and the number of follicles was counted by light microscopy after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of rat ovaries. The results showed that the ovarian organ coefficients of rats exposed to each dose group and the control group were notsignificantly different. Serum progesterone levels in rats exposed to 200 mg/(kg bw • d) were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01), while those exposed to 50 and 100 mg/(kg bw • d) were not significantly different from the control group, but were significantly lower than those in the 200 mg/(kg bw • d) exposure group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum estradiol levels between the exposed and control groups. In terms of follicle development, the percentage of growing follicles was significantly higher in the 200 mg/(kg bw • d) exposed group than in the control group (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the 50 and 100 mg/(kg bw • d) exposed groups compared to the control group. The research demonstrated that subacute oral exposure to difenoconazole at a dose of 200 mg/(kg bw • d) resulted in certain adverse effects on rat ovaries, leading to increased serum progesterone levels and growth follicle ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the mechanism of progesterone affecting the contractions of uterine smooth muscle through RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Methods The tissues of uterine smooth muscle were collected from 5 cases in labor and another 5 of non-labor, respectively. The expression levels of phosphorylation of myosin light chain (p-MLC20), ROCK1 and ROCK2 were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) assay. Uterine smooth muscle cells were isolated and cultured, and then identified by immunofluorescence assay. Laser confocal microscopy was used to measure the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in the cells. In addition, the uterine smooth muscle cells were treated with progesterone+progesterone receptor antagonist, mifepristone, and with progesterone+ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, respectively. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of p-MLC20, ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the corresponding groups. Results As compared with the non-labor group, the expression of p-MLC20, ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the uterine smooth muscle tissues were significantly increased in the labor group (P < 0.05). Progesterone induced the elevation of p-MLC20, ROCK1 and ROCK2 levels in the cultured uterine smooth muscle cells (P < 0.05), while after the intervention of Y-27632+progesterone, the p-MLC20 level was greatly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion Progesterone regulates p-MLC20 level through RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and thus promotes the contractions of uterine smooth muscle cells.

Objective: To investigate the effect of different doses of shikonin on the protein expression of ER, PR and P-ERK in uterine tissue of rats with uterine fibroids established by estrogen plus progesterone loading method. Methods: 60 clean-grade SD female rats were selected and divided into model group, blank control group, positive control group (estradiol group), low-dose shikonin group, middle-dose shikonin group, and high-dose shikonin group groups, 10 rats in each group. Rats in the blank control group and model group were given 10 mL/kg·d normal saline by gavage, the positive control group was given estradiol valerate tablets by gavage at a dose of 50 μg/kg·d, and the low-dose group was given 5 mg by gavage. /kg shikonin, the middle-dose group was given 10 mg/kg shikonin by gavage, and the high-dose group was given 20 mg/kg shikonin by gavage. Record the modeling results of the rats, observe the uterine morphology and uterine histopathology of the rats, and compare the uterine weight, uterine coefficient, the maximum diameter of the uterus, the maximum diameter of the cervix and the thickness of the smooth muscle layer of the rats in each group. Serum P and E2 levels of rats and ER, PR and p-ERK protein contents in uterine tissue of rats in each group. Results: The uterine weight, uterine coefficient, the maximum diameter of the uterus, the maximum diameter of the cervix and the thickness of the smooth muscle layer of the six groups of rats were compared, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Pairwise comparison of the inflammatory cell infiltration score and the uterine wall smooth muscle thickness score in the six rats (P<0.05); The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the ER, PR, p-ERK protein levels in the uterine tissue of the six groups of rats were compared with each other, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Shikonin has the effect of anti-uterine fibroid activity. With the increase of shikonin dose, the anti-uterine fibroid activity increases obviously, which may be related to the decrease of ER, PR and P-ERK activities and serum P, E2 in uterine tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the expression levels of serum chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), progesterone (P) and estradiol (E2) in pregnant women with early embryo stop development, and analyze the influencing factors of early embryo stop development. From April 2020 to January 2022, 94 patients with early embryo stop development who were admitted to Changsha Fourth Hospital were selected as the study group, and 60 healthy pregnant women who came to Changsha Fourth Hospital for physical examination were randomly selected as the control group. The expression levels of serum β-HCG, P and E2 in the control group and the study group were compared. The correlation between β-HCG, E2 and P was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of early embryo stop development. The levels of β-hCG, P and E2 in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that β-HCG was positively correlated with E2 and P, and E2 was positively correlated with P (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that age, use of emergency contraception during pregnancy, recent exposure to toxic and harmful substances, average monthly family income, previous abortion, folic acid supplementation, sleep duration <6 h/d, TORCH infection and daily exposure to ionizing radiation were associated with early embryo stop development (P<0.05). The results of multivariate regression showed that: low levels of β-HCG, P and E2, use of emergency contraception during pregnancy, older age, regular sleep duration <6 h/d, TORCH infection, recent exposure to toxic and harmful substances and daily exposure to ionizing radiation ≥6 h were risk factors for early embryo stop development. However, folic acid supplementation and high average monthly family income were the protective factors for early embryo stop development (P<0.05). The low levels of β-HCG, P and E2 in pregnant women with early embryo stop development are influenced by age, use of emergency contraception during pregnancy, average monthly family income, TORCH infection, recent exposure to toxic and harmful substances, previous history of abortion, daily exposure to ionizing radiation and sleep duration. Folic acid supplementation is a protective factor against early embryo stop development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) is a descriptive term, and while most cases of PUL are subsequently diagnosed with a spontaneous abortion or viable intrauterine pregnancy, 7% to 20% develop to ectopic pregnancy. The potential risk of ectopic pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality suggests that clinical attention should be paid to PUL assessment and treatment. We reviewed the latest research on PUL, including its classification, follow-up tools and treatment-related issues, in order to provide more references for clinicians.

A method for the determination of 15 sex hormones in shrimp meat by EMR solid phase extraction combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was established. The samples was extracted with 0.1 mol/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium solution and acetonitrile solution, purified by Captiva EMR SPE cartridge, separated by CAPCELLPAK C18 BB-H (3 µm, 2.1 mm×150 mm) column, and scanned by positive and negative ions of electrospray ion source. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for detection, and blank matrix matching external standard method was used for quantification. The positive ion mobile phase was methanol and 0.1% formic acid, and androgen and progesterone were detected. The negative ion mobile phase was acetonitrile and 0.01% ammonia aqueous solution to detect estrogen. The results showed that the 15 kinds of sex hormone residues in shrimp meat samples purified by EMR solid phase extraction had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 1~50 μg/kg, and the correlation coefficients (r) were all greater than 0.99. The detection limits of the method were 0.0015~0.436 μg/kg, and the quantitative limits were 0.0051~1.453 μg/kg. The average recoveries were 85.31%~119.84%, and the relative standard deviations were 2.11%~9.86% (n=6). The method was rapid, simple, reproducible and sensitive, which was suitable for the detection of 15 kinds of sex hormone residues in shrimp meat.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of HOXA9 in the process of progesterone inhibition of ovarian cancer progression. Methods (1) Human ovarian cancer cell line HO-8910 were cultured according to the gradient of progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) concentration (0.1, 1, 10, 50 and 100 µmol/L), and the cell morphology was observed after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability and determine IC50. The apoptosis rate was detected by Annexin V-FITC double staining. (2) H0-8910 were divided into four groups：1) NC group；2) progestin group；3) progestin+si-HOXA9 group；4) progestin+ov-HOXA9 group. H0-8910 cells were transfected with HOXA9 knockdown or overexpression plasmids and treated with MPA or not transfected with plasmids alone using MPA for 72 h. The qPCR and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of HOXA9. as well as the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins ( Vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin), respectively. Wound scratch assay was used to detect cell migration；Transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion. Results (1) After progesterone stimulation, the growth status of HO-8910 became poor, the arrangement was sparse, cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability were suppressed (P < 0.0001), and the apoptosis rate increased (P < 0.0001)； (2) calculated by cck8 results, the IC50 value of H0-8910 cells treated with MPA for 72 h was 2.680 µmol/L； (3) compared with human ovarian epithelial cells CP- H055, HOXA9 mRNA was highly expressed in human ovarian cancer cell lines HO8910, SKOV3, A2780 and OVCAR3 (P < 0.01), and HOXA9 protein was likewise highly expressed in HO-8910 (P < 0.001)； (4) progesterone could inhibit HOXA9 expression (P < 0.0001), and the inhibition of cell invasion and migration ability by progesterone was more obvious after knocking down HOXA9 ( P < 0.0001), while the inhibition of HO-8910 invasion and migration ability was slightly reduced after overexpression of HOXA9 ( P < 0.0001). (5) Progesterone increased E-cadherin protein expression (P < 0.01), while Vimentin and N-cadherin protein expression decreased ( P < 0.001)；after knocking down HOXA9, the effect of progesterone on EMTrelated protein expression in HO-891 was more obvious (P < 0.05), while after overexpressing HOXA9, the effect of progesterone on EMT-related protein expression in HO-891 was weakened (P < 0.05) . Conclusion Progesterone inhibits the development of ovarian cancer by suppressing the expression of HOXA9 gene and therefore suppressing the malignant biological phenotypes such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to further explore the changes of stress level and reproductive hormone in Sichuan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana), its feces were taken as the research object. RNA and endosterol hormones were extracted from the intestinal epithelial cells of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey feces in order to detect the levels of cortisol, testosterone and progesterone. The results showed that among 30 captive and 40 wild Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys RNA was extracted from the feces of only three captive Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys. The cortisol content of captive Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys was significantly higher than that of wild Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys(P<0. 05). The contents of cortisol and progesterone in captive female Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys were significantly higher than those in wild female Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys(P<0. 01). The contents of cortisol and testosterone in captive male Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys were significantly higher than those in wild male Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys(P<0. 05). The findings suggested that the stress level, testosterone and progesterone content of captive Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys are higher than those of wild individuals. The results can lay a theoretical and practical foundation for the subsequent breeding research of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of progesterone (P) level on the pregnancy outcome of natural cycle frozen thawed embryo (FET). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 549 FET cycles with natural cycles, including 211 cycles in the cleavage embryo group and 338 cycles in the blastocyst group. The two groups were divided into 4 subgroups according to P level on transplantation day. The divided embryo groups were: the ≤10 μg/L group (n=15), the＞10-20 μg/L group (n=84), the ＞20-30 μg/L group (n=70) and the ＞30 μg/L group (n=42). The divided blastocyst groups were: the ≤15 μg/L group (n=35), the ＞15-25 μg/L group (n=135), the ＞25-35 μg/L group (n=83) and the＞35 μg/L group (n=85). Data of age, endometrial thickness, average number of transplanted embryos, diameter of follicle before ovulation, hormone level on the day of transplantation, number of transplanted embryos, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, delivery rate and male/female ratio were compared between the blastocyst group, the split embryo group and the subgroups. Results The average number of embryo transfer, ectopic pregnancy rate were significantly higher in the splitting embryo group than those of the blastocyst groups. Data of E2, P level, childbirth, implantation rate and pregnancy rate were higher in the blastocyst transplant group than those of the splitting embryo group (P＜0.01). There were no significant differences in age, lining thickness, diameter of follicle before ovulation, abortion rate and ratio of male to female births between the two groups. There were no significant differences in age, endometrial thickness, average number of transplanted embryos, follicular diameter and E2 level, implantation rate, pregnancy rate, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate and delivery rate between the subgroups of split embryo group and the blastocyst group. Conclusion The implantation rate of blastocyst is significantly higher than that of split embryo in natural periodic FET. Although P level on transplantation day shows no significant effect on pregnancy outcome in blastocyst or split embryo, it should be more cautious when selecting transplanting split embryo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of fertility-preserving therapy in patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and early endometrial carcinoma (EC). Methods The general condition, pathological type, treatment plan, tumor outcomes and pregnancy outcomes of 110 patients with AEH and EC treated with fertility-preserving therapy in Peking University People's Hospital from December 2005 to September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and Log rank tests were used for survival analysis. Results The response rate of 110 cases of AEH (62 cases) and EC (48 cases) was 94.5% (104/110) after fertility-preserving therapy. There were 93 cases (84.5%) achieved complete response and 11 cases (10.0%) achieved partial response, and the recurrence rate was 29.0% (27/93). The complete response rates of AEH and EC were 90.3% (56/62) and 77.1% (37/48), respectively, without significant difference (P=0.057). The recurrence rates of EC were significantly higher than that of AEH (40.5% vs 21.4%; P=0.022). Forty-one patients with complete response had pregnancy intention. the pregnancy rate was 70.7% (29/41), and the live birth rate was 56.1% (23/41). The live birth rate of AEH was 68.2% (15/22) and that of EC was 42.1% (8/19), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.032). The pathological type was related with the recurrence (P=0.044). Conclusions Patients with AEH and EC can obtain high complete response rate and pregnancy rate after fertility-preserving therapy. The recurrence rate of EC is higher than that of AEH, while the live birth rate of AEH is higher than that of EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the recurrence and metastasis and prognosis of Her-2 positive breast cancer patients with different hormones levels.Methods Seventy-eight cases with Her-2 positive breast cancer were selected in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from February 2015 to February 2017 as the research subjects.All patients received radical surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy, and they were divided into the HR+/Her-2+ group(43 cases) and the HR-/Her-2+ group(35 cases) according to expression levels of estrogen receptor(ER) and progesterone(PR).The pathological characteristics and related hormones and protein expression were analyzed in the two groups, and the surgical treatment was used as the observation point, and the patients were followed up for 3 years.The survival status of the two groups was statistically analyzed during follow-up, and the recurrence and metastasis were recorded,including local recurrence, first multiple recurrence and metastatic organs.Results In the HR+/Her-2+ group, the proportion of ER+/PR+ double expression accounted for 67.44%, the proportion of tumor diameter>2 cm, the proportion of positive axillary lymph nodes during surgery and Ki-67 high expression rates at postmenopausal state and during diagnosis were 60.47%,53.49%,41.86% and 34.88% respectively, which were lower than 82.86%,77.14%,65.71% and 57.14% in the HR-/Her-2+ group(P <0.05).The 3-year survival rate of patients in the HR+/Her-2+ group was significantly higher than that in the HR-/Her-2+ group(72.09% vs. 48.57%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The combined bone metastasis rate in the HR+/Her-2+ group was significantly higher than that in the HR-/Her-2+ group(83.33% vs. 38.23%), and the lung metastasis rate was significantly lower than that in the HR-/Her-2+ group (12.50% vs. 37.50%), the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted with the above factors, and the results showed that tumor diameter >2 cm, positive axillary lymph nodes and positive HR and Ki-67 high expression were all risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients (P <0.05).Conclusion Patients with HR negative Her-2 positive breast cancer often have poor prognosis, and are more likely to have visceral metastasis, and their 3-year survival rate is lower than that of patients with HR positive Her-2 positive breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study and compare the clinical effects of cervical pessary and progesterone for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnant women with a short cervical length (CL)., Methods: This study was a prospective cohort study. A total of 148 pregnant women with CL≤25 mm, as determined by ultrasound examination performed before 28 weeks of pregnancy, were included in the study. All subjects were admitted to West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University between August 2020 and December 2022. According to their treatment plans, the pregnant women were divided into a cervical pessary group ( n =55) and a progesterone group ( n =93). Spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy was defined as the main outcome index. Preterm birth (abortion) or spontaneous preterm birth (abortion) before 37, 34, 32, 30, and 28 weeks of pregnancy, mean extended gestational age, neonatal morbidity, and neonatal mortality were the secondary outcome indicators. The pregnancy outcomes and the neonatal outcomes of the two groups were compared and statistically analyzed., Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of preterm birth (including iatrogenic preterm birth, spontaneous preterm birth, and abortion) before 37, 34, 32, 30, and 28 weeks between the cervical pessary group and the progesterone group. When iatrogenic preterm birth was excluded, the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks was lower in the cervical pessary group (23.6%) than that in the progesterone group (41.9%), with the difference between the two groups being statistically significant ( P =0.024). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth (including miscarriage) before 34, 32, 30, and 28 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of neonatal morbidity, the rate of transfer to the neonatal care unit after birth, and the neonatal mortality rate between the two groups. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that treatment with cervical pessary was a protective factor for spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks compared to progesterone therapy., Conclusion: Using cervical pessary to prevent spontaneous preterm birth in singleton pregnant women with a short cervical length in the second trimester can significantly reduce the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks., Competing Interests: 利益冲突　所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突, (© 2024《四川大学学报（医学版）》编辑部 版权所有Copyright ©2024 Editorial Office of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Premenstrual syndrome(PMS) lacks a highly consistent and feasible animal model that aligns with diagnostic and therapeutic standards in both traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and western medicine, resulting in a lack of reliable experimental carriers for studying its pathogenesis and pharmacological effects. This study aims to systematically analyze the biological implications of PMS from the perspective of the &quot;disease-syndrome-symptom&quot; correlation and establish preparation and evaluation methods for an improved animal model of this disease. Firstly, clinical symptom gene sets related to the Qi stagnation syndromes due to liver depression and blood stasis in PMS in both modern medicine and TCM diagnostic standards were collected through GeneCards, DisGeNET, Mala-Cards, and the System of Foundational Diagnostic Association(SoFDA) database, as well as published literature. Based on the interaction information between genes, a &quot;disease-syndrome-symptom&quot; correlation network of PMS was established. Based on data mining results, an improved rat model of PMS was prepared by combining chronic restraint stress with the classical progesterone-withdrawal mo-del to simulate emotional depression caused by external environmental stimuli during the clinical onset process, inducing pathological damage from both physiological and emotional dimensions. The evaluation of the improved model before and after modification included open field experiment scores, organ indices, ovarian pathological changes, serum levels of estradiol(E&#95;2), follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone(FSH/LH), 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), dopamine(DA), norepinephrine(NE), as well as coagulation parameters and hemorheology indexes. By calculating the degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality of nodes in the &quot;disease-syndrome-symptom&quot; correlation network, 163 core genes with topological importance were identified. Further biological function mining results indicated that core genes in PMS mainly participated in the regulation of the &quot;nervous-endocrine-immune&quot; system and pathways related to circulatory disorders. Mapping analysis of clinical phenotype symptom gene sets suggested significant correlations between core genes in PMS and depressive symptoms and pain symptoms caused by blood stasis. Compared with the simple progesterone withdrawal model, rats subjected to combined injections and restraint stress showed more significant abnormalities in open field experiment scores, ovarian tissue pathology, serum neurotransmitter levels of 5-HT and DA, as well as serum hormone levels of E&#95;2 and FSH/LH. The modified modeling conditions exacerbated the pathological changes in blood rheology, coagulation function, and red blood cell morphology in model rats, confirming that the improved rat model could characterize the &quot;nervous-endocrine-immune&quot; system disorder and circulatory system disorders in the occurrence and progression of PMS, consistent with the clinical diagnostic and therapeutic standards of both TCM and western medicine. The establishment of the improved rat model of PMS can provide a reliable experimental carrier for elucidating the pathogenesis of PMS and discovering and evaluating therapeutic drugs. It also provides references for objectively reflecting the clinical characteristics of PMS in TCM and western medicine and precision treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacodynamics of Rujikang naoemulsion preparation in the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands in mice. METHODS: The ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group and treatment group [bromocriptine group（ coated with bromocriptine), high-dose group（ coated with high-dose Rujikang naoemulsion preparation） and low-dose group（ coated with low-dose Rujikang naoemulsion preparation） ]. The mouse model of mammary gland hyperplasia was established, after 30-day drug intervention on the treatment group, the changes in body mass, areola and nipple diameters were observed, the serum estradiol（ E2） and progesterone（ P） levels were measured, the changes in pathogeny structure of breast tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining method, the apoptotic cells were observed by TUNEL staining method, the Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein expression were detected by Western blot method. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, mice in the treatment group had lower body mass（ P < 0. 05）,shorter areola and nipple diameter（ P < 0. 01,P < 0. 001）,lower E2 level（ P < 0. 05）,higher P level（ P < 0. 05）,fewer in number of apoptotic cells（ P < 0. 001）,up-regulated Caspase-3 protein expression（ P < 0. 001）,and down-regulated Bcl-2 protein expression（ P < 0. 01）,differences were statistically significant. Compared with the model group, structures of mammary tissue and epithelial cell of the treatment group were basically restored to normal. CONCLUSIONS: The Rujikang naoemulsion preparation can significantly inhibit hyperplasia of mammary glands in mice caused by hormonal disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To determine the effect of progesterone on axon regeneration of cerebral ganglia neurons after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into ICH group, low- (8 mg/kg) and high-dose progesterone (16 mg/kg) groups, and sham operation group. Combined treatment of high-dose progesterone and PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor LY294002 was given to the rats from the inhibitor group. The neurological deficits, brain water content and pathological changes and expression of axon growth-related proteins were observed at 1, 3, 7 and 14 d after operation. And the cerebral hematoma volume and oxidative stress related indexes were analyzed at 3 d after operation. The expression levels of axonal-associated proteins and pathway proteins p-Akt and RhoA were detected at 3 d after operation, and the locations of GAP43 and p-Akt/RhoA were identified with immunofluorescence staining. Results The ICH group had severest neurological dysfunction and cerebral edema at each time point, and largest volume of cerebral hematoma and highest levels of oxidative stress products. After progesterone intervention, the damage was relieved at each time point, with the efficacy of high-dose more obvious than low-dose (P < 0.05). Western blot Results showed that the high-dose progesterone intervention increased the expression levels of GAP43 and NF200 and decreased those of MAG and Nogo-A when compared to the low-dose progesterone and ICH groups (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis indicated that the expression of GAP43, NF200 and p-Akt was down-regulated while that of MAG, Nogo-A and RhoA was increased in the inhibitor group compared with the high- and low-dose progesterone groups (P < 0.05). The Results of double-labeled fluorescence staining showed that the expression of p-Akt was increased and that expression of RhoA was decreased in neuronal cells of the high-dose progesterone group compared with ICH group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Progesterone improves neurological dysfunction after cerebral hemorrhage and promotes regeneration and repair of damaged axons, which may be related to activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibition of RhoA expression.

Objective To study the relationship between estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P) levels and Th17/Treg subgroups in the hemorrhagic model mice after medical abortion. Methods Thirty-two female Balb/c mice with clean grade were selected and divided into normal pregnancy group (group A), low-dose mifepristone group (group B), high-dose mifepristone group (group C) and mifepristone + gongqing granules group (group D) by random number table method, with 8 mice in each group. Mice in group B, C and D were gavaged with mifepristone 0.88 mg·kg-1·d-1, 1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 and mifepristone (1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1) + gongqinggranules (308.16 mg·kg-1·d-1) during d 6 pregnancy, respectively. Alkaline hematin photometric method was used to detect uterine blood loss. The serum E2 and P levels were detected by rdioimmunoassay (RIA). The uterus tissue Th17 (CD3+CD4+IL-17A+), Treg (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) and the ratio of Th17/Treg subsets were detected by flow cytometry double staining method, and the uterus tissue interleukin 17A (IL-17A), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR method. Results The uterine bleeding volume decreased in turn in group B, group C and group D (P＜0.05). After drug abortion, the E2 levels increased in turn in group A, group B, group C and group D, while the P levels decreased in turn in group A, group B, group C and group D (P＜0.05). The ratio of Th17 and Th17/Treg subgroups of mice decreased in turn in the four groups, while the Treg subgroup ratio decreased in turn (P＜0.05). The levels of IL-17A mRNA increased in turn in the four groups (P＜0.05), and the levels of IL-10 mRNA and TGF- β mRNA were decreased in turn in the four groups (P＜0.05). The serum level of E2 was positively correlated with Th17, Th17/Treg and IL-17A mRNA, and negatively correlated with Treg, IL-10 and TGF-β (all P＜0.05). The serum level of P was positively correlated with Treg, IL-10 and TGF-β, and negatively correlated with Th17, Th17/Treg and IL-17A (all P＜0.05). Conclusion The changes of serum E2 and P levels in abnormal uterine bleeding after medical abortion are closely related to the changes of Th17/Treg subgroup ratio, and inducing Th17/Treg subgroup to migrate to Th17 can help reduce uterine bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of cydin-depemlcnt kinase ( CDK) 4/6 inhibitors has revolutionized the clinical management paradigm of hormone receptor ( HR) positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 negative breast cancer. As of today, CDK 4/6 inhibitors including, Rihocidib, and Abemacidib have been widely approved by reguratory agencies. Randomized growth demonstrated that CDK 4/6 inhibitors in combination with in aromatase inhibitor (AI) or fulvestrant in the first, second-or later-line setting for HR positive/HER2 negative locality advance or metastatic breast cancer led to substantion poluction in the risk of dislike progression or death. Adverse effects of treatment were numageablc mid as or better than expected in terms of patient satisfaction. Considering CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy being a novel approach in China clinic practice, the pand elvdoped the consensus comprehensivdy describing the pharmacology properties, monitoring strategy during treatment and adverse events numagement, to facilitate greater understanding in Chinese oncologists of a whole new therapeutic class of drug, promote accuracy of clinical decision and helpp reach the ultimate goal of improving survival mid quality of life of the terget patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the effect of Zishenyutai Pill on serum progesterone, β-HCG and hemorheology in patients with early threatened abortion. Methods: From January 2018 to January 2020, 100 patients with early threatened abortion in our hospital were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the method of random number table,50 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional western medicine, and the observation group was treated with Zishenyutai Pill on the basis of the control group. After 2 weeks of treatment, the levels of serum progesterone, β-HCG, high cut whole blood viscosity,fibrinogen and hematocrit of the two groups were observed before and after treatment, and the clinical effects and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Results: 2 weeks after treatment, the levels of serum progesterone and β-HCG in the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and the level in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.00%(46/50), which was significantly higher than 74.00%(37/50) of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, the high cut whole blood viscosity and fibrinogen of the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in hematocrit between the two groups before and after treatment(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: Zishenyutai pill is effective in the treatment of early threatened abortion.It can improve the level of serum progesterone and β-HCG, and improve the hemorheology of patients. It is safe and worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of Muniziqi serum on the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells in rats with premature ovarian failure （POF），and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods â‘  Preparation of Muniziqi serum Fifty female SD rats were randomly divided into five groups with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the blank control group were intragastrically given normal saline 2 mL/time every day， the rats in the positive control group （estradiol valerate group） were given estradiol valerate 0. 15 mg/kg daily， the rats in the low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups were intragastrically administrated 0. 9，1. 8 and 3. 6 mL Muniziqi mixture， twice a day， for 4 days. On the fifth day， two doses were intragastrically administrated for 1h， the blood was collected from the femoral artery， and serum was separated. â‘¡Preparation of POF granulosa cells in rats The young SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin （PMSG）（40 U/rat） for 48 h. Rats were sacrificed and their ovaries were separated. Rat ovarian granulocytes were cultured and identified as granulocytes by HE staining and immunocytochemistry， the cells were randomly divided into the normal group， cisplatin model group， positive control group， low-dose group， medium-dose group， and highdose group. Except the normal group， the rats in the other five groups were added with cisplatin at a final concentration of 5 µg/mL to prepare POF. â‘¢Observation on the administration method of Muniziqi mixture serum and its effect on proliferation The normal group was added with DMEM/F-12 medium without fetal bovine serum， the normal group with DMEM/ F-12 medium without fetal bovine serum， and the low-dose group， medium-dose group and high-dose group with 0. 9，1. 8 and 3. 6 mL Muniziqi serum. At 24，48，and 72h， the cell proliferation of each group was observed by MTT colorimetry， and anti-Mullerian hormone （AMH），estradiol（E2）and progesterone （P） in cell culture medium were detected by ELI⁃ SA. Results Compared with the normal group， the OD values of cells in the model group decreased at 24，48 and 72 h after culture （all P<0. 05）. Compared with the model group， OD value of cells in the high-dose group decreased at 48 h after culture （P<0. 05）. The OD values of the model group， positive control group， low-dose group， medium-dose group and high-dose group decreased as compared with those at 24 h after culture （all P<0. 05）. Compared with the normal group， the levels of AMH，E2，and P in culture medium of the model group decreased （all P<0. 05）. Compared with the model group， the level of AMH in the culture medium increased in the positive control group， low-dose group， medium-dose group， and high-dose group， the level of E2 increased in the high-dose group， and the P level of the medium-dose and high-dose groups increased （all P<0. 05）. Conclusion Muniziqi serum can promote the proliferation of rat POF granulosa cells， and the mechanism may be that Muniziqi can promote the secretion of AMH，E2 and P in POF ovarian granulosa cells. Objective To observe the effect of Muniziqi serum on the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells in rats with premature ovarian failure （POF），and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods ① Preparation of Muniziqi serum Fifty female SD rats were randomly divided into five groups with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the blank control group were intragastrically given normal saline 2 mL/time every day， the rats in the positive control group （estradiol valerate group） were given estradiol valerate 0. 15 mg/kg daily， the rats in the low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups were intragastrically administrated 0. 9，1. 8 and 3. 6 mL Muniziqi mixture， twice a day， for 4 days. On the fifth day， two doses were intragastrically administrated for 1h， the blood was collected from the femoral artery， and serum was separated. ②Preparation of POF granulosa cells in rats The young SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin （PMSG）（40 U/rat） for 48 h. Rats were sacrificed and their ovaries were separated. Rat ovarian granulocytes were cultured and identified as granulocytes by HE staining and immunocytochemistry， the cells were randomly divided into the normal group， cisplatin model group， positive control group， low-dose group， medium-dose group， and highdose group. Except the normal group， the rats in the other five groups were added with cisplatin at a final concentration of 5 µg/mL to prepare POF. ③Observation on the administration method of Muniziqi mixture serum and its effect on proliferation The normal group was added with DMEM/F-12 medium without fetal bovine serum， the normal group with DMEM/ F-12 medium without fetal bovine serum， and the low-dose group， medium-dose group and high-dose group with 0. 9，1. 8 and 3. 6 mL Muniziqi serum. At 24，48，and 72h， the cell proliferation of each group was observed by MTT colorimetry， and anti-Mullerian hormone （AMH），estradiol（E2）and progesterone （P） in cell culture medium were detected by ELI⁃ SA. Results Compared with the normal group， the OD values of cells in the model group decreased at 24，48 and 72 h after culture （all P<0. 05）. Compared with the model group， OD value of cells in the high-dose group decreased at 48 h after culture （P<0. 05）. The OD values of the model group， positive control group， low-dose group， medium-dose group and high-dose group decreased as compared with those at 24 h after culture （all P<0. 05）. Compared with the normal group， the levels of AMH，E2，and P in culture medium of the model group decreased （all P<0. 05）. Compared with the model group， the level of AMH in the culture medium increased in the positive control group， low-dose group， medium-dose group， and high-dose group， the level of E2 increased in the high-dose group， and the P level of the medium-dose and high-dose groups increased （all P<0. 05）. Conclusion Muniziqi serum can promote the proliferation of rat POF granulosa cells， and the mechanism may be that Muniziqi can promote the secretion of AMH，E2 and P in POF ovarian granulosa cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preterm birth，occurring in 5% to 18% birth of births worldwide, is the main cause of neonatal death and other adverse outcomes. Many surviving preterm birth need to face lifelong disability, including learning disabilities, vision and hearing problems. Among them, 70% to 80% are spontaneous preterm births (SPB), and the remaining 20% to 30% are therapeutic preterm delivery. Progesterone is an important substance to maintain pregnancy. More and more evidences show that vaginal use of progesterone can prevent the occurrence of SPB. In 2020, the society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, SOGC) summarized the latest clinical research evidence of progesterone in the prevention of SPB, and provided clinical guidance and recommendations for the mechanism of action, the appropriate population, unsuitable population, dosage, timing and side effects of progesterone in the prevention of SPB. At the same time, the guideline compared progesterone therapy with cervical cerclage, vaginal pessary and bed rest to prevent SPB. This paper interpreted the main points of its recommendation in order to provide reference for medical workers in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Objective: To observe the effect of electro-acupuncture combined with infrared irradiation on endometrial receptivity, embryo transfer and pregnancy in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF). Methods: 102 RIF patients who underwent resuscitation embryo transfer in our hospital from May 2015 to May 2018 were selected. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into electro-acupuncture combined with infrared irradiation treatment group (group A, 38 cases), placebo acupuncture group (group B, 34 cases) and blank control group (group C, 30 cases). The levels of serum estradiol and progesterone were compared before and after treatment among three groups, endometrial receptive ultrasound were measured before and after treatment, including endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, vascularization flow index (VFI), flow index (FI) resistance index (RI), embryo transfer and pregnancy were compared among three groups. Results: There was no significant difference in serum estradiol and progesterone levels among three groups before and after treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the endometrial thickness, endometrial volume in group A were larger than those before treatment, group B and group C, VFI and FI were higher than those before treatment, group B and group C, RI was lower than those before treatment, group B and group C(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of embryos transferred, biochemical pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate among three groups (P>0.05), the implantation rate in group A was higher than that in group B and C (P<0.05). Conclusion: Electro-acupuncture combined with infrared irradiation can improve endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation rate in RIF patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the correlation between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontitis in light of cytokines levels, sex hormone levels and metabolism-related indicators and their changes during progression of the two diseases., Methods: Twenty healthy subjects and 40 patients diagnosed with PCOS underwent full-mouth periodontal examinations to obtain full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), gingival bleeding index of probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The participants were divided into Group A without periodontitis or PCOS ( n =15), Group B with PCOS but without periodontitis ( n =28), Group C with periodontitis but without PCOS ( n =5), and Group D with both diseases ( n =12). Serum levels of luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH), testosterone, prolactin, progesterone and estradiol, and the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor α and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) in both serum and saliva samples were measured at the time of enrolment and at 3 and 6 months after enrolment and compared among the 4 groups., Results: Serum MMP-8 level was significantly higher in Group B than in Group A ( P <0.05). Salivary MMP-8 level was significantly higher in Group D than in Group B ( P <0.05). Salivary MMP-8, LH, and LH/FSH levels and serum and salivary IL-6 and progesterone levels all tended to increase in the 6 months after enrollment (OR>1, P <0.05). During the follow-up period, serum IL-6 levels differed significantly between the non-PCOS groups (A and C) and PCOS groups (B and D)( P <0.05); serum IL-6 and salivary MMP-8 levels differed significantly between the non-periodontitis groups (A and B) and periodontitis groups (C and D)( P <0.05). Spearman correlation analysis indicated positive correlations of LH and LH/FSH with PD ( P <0.05); testosterone and LH/FSH were positively correlated with serum MMP-8 levels ( P <0.05), and PD, BOP and FMPS were positively correlated with salivary MMP-8 levels ( P <0.01)., Conclusion: There is a correlation between PCOS and periodontitis, and their progression is accompanied by changes in serum and salivary levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and serum sex hormones.

Digitoxin, an important secondary metabolite of Digitalis purpurea, is a commonly used cardiotonic in clinical practice. 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(3βHSD) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of digitoxin. It belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR) family, playing a role in the biosynthesis of cardiac glycosides by oxidizing and isomerizing the precursor sterol. In this study, two 3βHSD genes were cloned from D. purpurea. The results showed that the open reading frame(ORF) of Dp3βHSD1 was 780 bp, encoding 259 amino acid residues. The ORF of Dp3βHSD2 was 774 bp and encoded 257 residues. Dp3βHSD1/2 had the cofactor binding site TGxxxA/GxG and the catalytic site YxxxK. In vitro experiments confirmed that Dp3βHSD1/2 catalyzed the generation of progesterone from pregnenolone, and Dp3βHSD1 had stronger catalytic capacity than Dp3βHSD2. The expression level of Dp3βHSD1 was much higher than that of Dp3βHSD2 in leaves, and digitoxin was only accumulated in leaves. The results implied that Dp3βHSD1 played a role in the dehydrogenation of pregnenolone to produce progesterone in the biosynthesis of digitoxin. This study provides a reference for further exploring the biosynthetic pathway of cardiac glycosides in D. purpurea.

This paper aims to explore the inhibitory effect of Yueju Pills on breast cancer and decipher the underlying mechanism. A total of 92 SPF-grade SD female rats were involved in this study, and 14 of them were randomly selected into control group. The remaining 78 rats were administrated with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA) by gavage to establish the breast cancer model. The modeled rats were randomized into model, tamoxifen(1.9 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and low-and high-dose(17, 34 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) Yueju Pills groups. The mental state, food intake, and activities of the rats were observed daily, and the body weight was measured on alternate days. After 12 weeks of administration, the rats were sacrificed and the tumor weight was measured. The serum estrogen and progeste-rone levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The histopathological changes of the breast and tumor were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot was employed to measure the protein levels of glucose transporter 1(GLUT1), lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA), phosphofructokinase muscle(PFKM), pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2(PKM2), hexokinase 2(HK2), nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB), and phosphorylated NF-κB. The intestinal microbiome was examined by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that compared with the model group, high and low-dose Yueju Pills showed the tumor inhibition rate of 15.8% and 64.5%, respectively, and the low dose group had stronger inhibitory effect. Compared with the control group, the model group presented elevated the levels of estrogen and progesterone in serum. The administration of Yueju Pills lowered such ele-vation, and the low-dose group showed stronger lowering effect(P&lt;0.05). Compared with the model group, Yueju Pills reduced the glands with increased breast tissue, the degree of breast duct expansion, the number and area of acinar cavity, the secretions, and the layers of mammary epithelial cells. Furthermore, Yueju Pills down-regulated the expression of GLUT1, LDHA, PFKM, PKM2, HK2, and NF-κB(P&lt;0.05) and altered the diversity, composition, structure, and abundance of intestinal flora. The results showed that Yueju Pills could inhibit breast cancer by regulating the secretion of estrogen and progesterone, glycolysis, inflammatory cytokines, and intestinal flora.

It is essential to block the adverse effects of premature LH surge on developmental oocyte in the process of the controlled ovulation stimulation. The traditional protocols of ovulation induction, such as gonadotropin -releasing hormone agonist and antagonist, have some disadvantages of increasing incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, high cost and inconvenience. In 2015, Professor Kuang YP proposed the progestin primed ovarian stimulation protocol (PPOS), in which exogenous progesterone was used to inhibit LH peak, and to combine with human menopausal urinary gonadotropin (hMG) to stimulate ovulation. PPOS protocol had been proved to be effective in inhibiting premature LH peak, obtaining good quality embryos and satisfactory clinical outcomes in women with all kinds of ovarian reactions. At present, progesterone drugs used in PPOS protocol include medroxyproges acetate, utrogestan and dydrogesterone. It is also necessary to concern the security of PPOS protocol. We reviewed the mechanism of PPOS protocol, the application population, the effeciency of different progesterone drugs, the effects on the quantity and quality of oocytes retrieved and the clinical outcomes, as well as the safety of newborn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analysis the clinical effect of progesterone combined with triptorelin acetate in the treatment of endometriosis. Methosds: Selected 398 patients with endometriosis who were treated in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were enrolled in the order of admission. They were divided into two groups according to the odd-even method, each group of 199 cases. The control group was given didrogesterone orally only after operation, one tablet per time, two times per day, for 6 months. The observation group was treated with desdrogesterone combined with triptorelin acetate after operation, i.e. intramuscular injection of triprillin acetate, 3.75 mg/time, once a month, for 6 consecutive times. The curative effect, serological index, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain and degree of sexual intercourse pain before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) did not change significantly in the two groups (P>0.05), while the levels of serum estradiol (E2), carbohydrate antigen 125 (Carbohydrate antigen, CA125) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The scores of dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain and sexual pain in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Postoperative treatment of endometriosis with dydrogesterone combined with triptorelin acetate has a significant therapeutic effect, and can effectively alleviate the pain symptoms of patients, improve serum related indicators, and effectively improve endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the short-term and long-term efficacy of chemotherapy combined with progesterone in patients with endometrial cancer. Methods: 102 patients with endometrial cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to December 2015 were enrolled. According to the treatment method, they were divided into control group (52 cases, staged surgery + chemotherapy) and study group (50 cases, given Staged surgery + chemotherapy + progesterone treatment). Both groups were treated continuously for 12 weeks, comparing the total effective rate, local recurrence rate, distant metastasis rate, 3-year survival rate, quality of life score and complications of the two groups. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate of the study group and the control group were 82.00% and 63.46%, respectively, which was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05). The local recurrence rate in the study group was 4.00%, and the distant metastasis rate was 2.00%. The 3-year survival rate was 90.00%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (15.38%, 11.54%, 73.08%, P<0.05). The psychological function, physical function, social function and material life score of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of myeloid inhibition, gastrointestinal reactions, leukopenia, renal injury, and thrombocytopenia was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with endometrial cancer treated with chemotherapy and progesterone have better short-term and long-term effects, which can effectively improve the prognosis of patients and improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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