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Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) gene mutation is a large class of mutations commonly seen in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MET mutation includes subtypes such as MET exon 14 skipping mutation (METex14m) and MET amplification (METamp). For advanced NSCLC with METex14m, Savolitinib has a high sensitivity as a member of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). METamp is a relatively rare genetic mutation type which can serve as a driver gene to mediate primary and later acquired drug resistance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-TKIs. For advanced NSCLC with secondary METamp, EGFR-TKIs combined with MET-TKIs are usually used in clinical treatment, while the optimal treatment strategy for advanced NSCLC with primary METamp has not yet been determined. For locally advanced NSCLC patients with positive driver gene mutations such as EGFR, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion and METex14m, there have been relevant cases reported that neoadjuvant targeted therapy could achieve a good prognosis, but there have been no cases of neoadjuvant targeted therapy for locally advanced NSCLC patients with METamp. This report describes a case of a locally advanced NSCLC patient with dual driver gene mutations (EGFR L858R combined with primary METamp), the tumor did not shrink after 1 month of Gefitinib monotherapy, but significantly subsided after 4 months of Savolitinib monotherapy. After radical surgery, the pathological results proved pathological complete response (pCR) of the tumor, and the patient had a good response to postoperative continual Savolitinib treatment, with no recurrence nor metastasis observed to date. This case reports the feasibility and effectiveness of neoadjuvant targeted therapy for locally advanced NSCLC with primary METamp, aiming to provide effective reference for perioperative treatment of locally advanced NSCLC with primary METamp.

Milk is an excellent medium for the growth of microorganisms, which is easily contaminated by microorganisms from the environment. Psychrophilic bacteria are the most common microorganisms in cold-stored raw milk. Moreover, psychrophilic bacteria produce heat-resistant proteases and lipases in low-temperature environments, which remain active even after heat treatment, and decompose proteins and fats in liquid milk during storage, thereby affecting the quality of milk. The counting method for psychrophilic bacteria in milk specified by the agricultural industry standard of China takes 10 days to culture samples at 6.5 ℃ for 10 days, which is time-consuming and has low application value in actual production. Therefore, the development of detection technologies for psychrophilic bacteria and their heat-resistant enzymes is very important for ensuring the quality of milk and dairy products. This article reviews a variety of methods for the identification and analysis of psychrophilic bacteria in milk, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification. It provides a reference for the development of new detection technologies for psychrophilic bacteria in milk.

Research related to hydrological big data has been a focal point and core issue in the field of hydrology in recent years.It is also an important component for improving the efficiency of hydrological affairs processing and enhancing the authenticity and credibility of hydrological patterns.This study utilized a sample dataset comprising 264 papers collected from China Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and 219 papers collected from Web of Science (WOS).Using CiteSpace software,this paper analyzed the researchers,institutions, and research hotspots and explored the development trend of research in this field in depth.The findings indicate that,overall,both Chinese and international publications show an increasing trend.Regarding researchers and research institutions,there is a phenomenon of “large scattering and small gathering” among Chinese scholars and institutions.Examining research hotspots reveals that keywords such as “intelligent hydrology,”“early warning system,”“big data testing” signify that the focus of research in this field is gradually shifting towards technological and digital directions.Whether domestically or internationally,modern hydrological monitoring technologies and hydrological methods,in comparison to traditional technologies and methods,demonstrate higher accuracy and stability.They can more fully meet the practical application requirements,and the combination of hydrology and big data has gradually become a research trend in this field.

Objective To investigate the status of post⁃traumatic growth of viral encephalitis patients and screen the influencing factors. Methods A total of 110 viral encephalitis patients who were diagnosed and treated in West China Hospital, Sichuan University from July 2017 to July 2019 were investigated. A cross⁃sectional survey were adopted, including general data questionnaire, Post⁃traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Family Concern Index Questionnaire (APGAR) and Connor⁃Davidson Resilience Scale (CD⁃RISC). Correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship between PTGI score and age, APGAR score or CD⁃RISC score, respectively. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of post⁃traumatic growth in patients with viral encephalitis. Results A total of 110 questionnaires were sent out and 105 were effectively received, with an effective recovery rate of 95.45%. The mean total PTGI score was 57.76±15.23, and the score of dimensions of interpersonal relationship, life perception, personal strength, spiritual change and new possibilities was 16.92±3.49, 12.44±3.20, 11.91±3.50, 8.82±3.48 and 7.67±3.49, respectively. The partial correlation analysis showed that the total PTGI score was positively correlated with APGAR score (r=0.331, P=0.001) and CD⁃RISC score (r=0.286, P=0.003). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher APGAR score (OR=1.260, 95%CI: 1.051-1.511; P=0.013) and higher CD⁃RISC score (OR=1.093, 95%CI: 1.035-1.153; P=0.001) could positively affect post⁃traumatic growth, while complications (OR=0.029, 95%CI: 0.003⁃0.320; P=0.004) was the opposite. Conclusions The status of post⁃traumatic growth of viral encephalitis patients is in the lower level. For patients with complications the psychological intervention should be strengthened. At the same time, family care and personality strength have additional effects on post⁃traumatic growth. We should take targeted measures to encourage such patients to establish better post⁃traumatic psychological regulation mechanism, and to accelerate the post⁃traumatic growth.

Smartphones with a trusted execution environment (TEE) has an authority issue of the certificate with the loading stage.Based on the analysis of the initialization architecture and initializing scheme of the trusted execution environment,by using trust chain technology,a scheme was proposed to initialize the trusted terminal of the operator's card as the trusted root,and ideas were provided for the telecom operators to use the user card resources to participate in the construction of the industrial chain of the trusted execution environment.

The rapid development of big data technology provides fast mass data processing method for operators' traditional businesses,such as network planning and optimization,but also laid the data foundation for new businesses,such as credit,personalized recommendations,internet services.It is important to the development of the industry.The big data processing cutting-edge technology was studied,relative engineering experience and key issues were introduced,reference for other researcher was provided.

Objective To summarize the best evidence for lung cancer screening and follow-up management of pulmonary nodules, and to provide reference for clinical practice. Methods Extensive literature search on lung cancer screening and follow-up management of pulmonary nodules was conducted in CNKI, WANFANG, VIP, PubMed, EMbase and Web of Science. The information extraction, quality evaluation and summary of evidence were carried out, and the retrieval period was up to December 1, 2022. Results A total of 33 articles were included in this study, including 5 guidelines, 2 expert consensuses, 2 expert recommendations, 14 systematic reviews and 10 cohort studies. Finally, 6 recommendations on lung cancer screening were concluded, including screening process, recommended screening age, recommended high-risk groups, recommended screening means, recommended screening frequency, and smoking cessation intervention among smokers. And 2 recommendations on pulmonary nodule management were concluded. Conclusion This study summarizes evidence of lung cancer screening and pulmonary nodules management, which can provide reference for health care personnel to conduct early screening and follow-up management of lung cancer in high-risk groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibrio alginolyticus, a Gram-negative bacterium, is a dominant bacterium in the marine environment. At the same time, it is also a common pathogenic bacterium in daily life. When the temperature is between 25 °C and 35 °C, the epidemic vibriosis is particularly easy to break out, which has a significant impact on the mariculture industry. RseB gene was successfully deleted with Overlap PCR and homologous gene recombination. The results showed that the RseB gene was correlated with the growth rate of V. alginolyticus, and the deletion strain increased the growth rate of Vibrio alginolyticus. RseB gene deletion resulted in a 37.5% decrease in hemolysis of V. alginolyticus. The pathogenicity test results showed that the death time of the RseB gene deleted strain in the experimental group was delayed by 4 h, and the LT50 was delayed by 20 h. At 24 h after challenge, the colonization ability of RseB gene deletion strain in L. vannamei decreased by 53.4%. The hepatopancreas of L. vannamei infected by Vibrio phagolysii were seriously infected, the order of hepatic tubules was out of order, the space became larger, the boundary began to blur gradually, and the lumen of hepatopancreas tubules disappeared. The arrangement of liver cells began to be irregular, and some liver cells were obviously enlarged or even the whole cell began to degenerate, dyed dark with eosin, and the nucleus began to disappear. The results of pathological sections at 8, 16, 32 and 64 h showed that the hepatopancreas damage of RseB gene knockout strain was relatively mild. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the status of post - traumatic growth of viral encephalitis patients and screen the influencing factors. Methods A total of 110 viral encephalitis patients who were diagnosed and treated in West China Hospital, Sichuan University from July 2017 to July 2019 were investigated. A cross-sectional survey were adopted, including general data questionnaire, Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Family Concern Index Questionnaire (APGAR) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship between PTGI score and age, APGAR score or CD - RISC score, respectively. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of post-traumatic growth in patients with viral encephalitis. Results A total of 110 questionnaires were sent out and 105 were effectively received, with an effective recovery rate of 95.45%. The mean total PTGI score was 57.76 ± 15.23, and the score of dimensions of interpersonal relationship, life perception, personal strength, spiritual change and new possibilities was 16.92 ± 3.49, 12.44 ± 3.20, 11.91 ±3.50, 8.82 ± 3.48 and 7.67 ± 3.49, respectively. The partial correlation analysis showed that the total PTGI score was positively correlated with APGAR score (r = 0.331, P = 0.001) and CD-RISC score (r = 0.286, P = 0.003). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher APGAR score (OR = 1.260, 95%CI: 1.051-1.511; P = 0.013) and higher CD-RISC score (OR = 1.093, 95%CI: 1.035-1.153; P = 0.001) could positively affect post- traumatic growth, while complications (OR = 0.029, 95%CI: 0.003 -0.320; P = 0.004) was the opposite. Conclusions The status of post-traumatic growth of viral encephalitis patients is in the lower level. For patients with complications the psychological intervention should be strengthened. At the same time, family care and personality strength have additional effects on post - traumatic growth. We should take targeted measures to encourage such patients to establish better post-traumatic psychological regulation mechanism, and to accelerate the post-traumatic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the scattering properties of complex targets of high-frequency region and establishes the high-resolution radar echo model based on multi-scattering centers. On this basis, the target echo data is generated after simulation of chirp signal and the model of data collection and storage of pulse -radar is also given. The simulated echo data is processed by pulse-compression and Doppler processing to verify the validity of echo models. The result reflects the characteristics of targets and so the model is feasible and effective. The conclusion provides a technical basis for target feature extraction and object recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Termination decision in active database becomes a focus for many researchers. Existing methods based on triggering and activation graphs do not consider whether all rules in a triggering cycle can be executed at the same execution sequence. Existing methods based on logical formula, where only those non-updatable or finitely updatable variables can be represented, cannot conclude termination if a rule set contains only those cycles that can be executed in a finite number of times. To solve this problem, the concept of the execution sequence of a triggering cycle and the method to construct an enhanced formula including updatable variables are proposed. Many termination cases that cannot be determined by previous methods can be detected by the proposed solution, whose correctness and termination are proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High temperature conventional triaxial compression test of shale were carried out by using the MTS815 servo-controlled testing machine, based on the results of the tests, the relationships between confining pressure and the characteristic of shale stress-strain curve, peak strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, peak strain were investigated,and the general regulation is obvious. According to the characteristics of volumetric strain,the stress-strain curves were classified into three types. They are dilatation type,compression-dilatation type,compression type,and the confining pressure has conspicuous dilatation effect on shale. At the same temperature, when confining pressure rises from 5 MPa to 25 MPa, shale peak strength (σ1 - σ3) is comparatively lower, indicating stronger plastic deformation', and peak strength and elastic modulus increase with uprising confining pressure. When confining pressure is lower than 15 MPa, shale Poisson' s ratio increases with increasing confining pressure while peak axial strain and peak circle strain decreases with increasing confining pressure. When confining pressure is higher than 15 MPa, shale Poisson's ratio decreases slightly with the increasing confining pressure, while peak axial strain and peak circle strain increase slightly with the increasing confining pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image saliency detection is an important step for computer vision processing. This paper presented a novel saliency detection algorithm for color image based on visual attention mechanism from human's psychology and physiology. Firstly, it used improved watershed segmentation method to divide the original image into several subdomains. Afterwards, it used regional spatial attention model to compute saliency map for each subdomain to get final saliency detection result. Experiment results show that the presented algorithm can accurately get saliency detection results in short time, and compared with traditional ones, the presented algorithm's results are more intact and more accurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Danjiangkou Reservoir is a critical water source for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, which harbors a diverse bacterioplankton community with varying depths, and the understanding of its nitrogen and phosphorus cycle and associated driving factors remains limited. In this study, we selected five ecological sites within Danjiangkou Reservoir and conducted metagenomics analysis to investigate the vertical distribution of bacterioplankton communities in the surface, middle, and bottom layers. Furthermore, we analyzed and predicted the function of nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, along with their driving factors. Our findings revealed the dominance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes in the Danjiangkou Reservoir. Significant differences were observed in the structure of bacterioplankton communities across different depths, with temperature （ T ）, oxidation-reduction potential （ORP）, dissolved oxygen （DO）, and Chla identified as primary factors influencing the bacterioplankton composition. Analysis of nitrogen cycle functional genes identified 39 genes, including gltB , glnA , gltD , gdhA , NRT , etc., which were involved in seven main pathways, encompassing nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction. Phosphorus cycle function gene analysis identified 54 genes, including pstS , ppx - gppA , glpQ , ppk1 , etc., primarily participating in six main pathways, including organic P mineralization, inorganic P solubilization, and regulatory. Cluster analysis indicated that different depths were significant factors influencing the composition and abundance of nitrogen and phosphorus cycle functional genes. The composition and abundance of nitrogen and phosphorus cycle functional genes in the surface and bottom layers differed and were generally higher than those in the middle layer. Deinococcus , Hydrogenophaga , Limnohabitans , Clavibacter , and others were identified as key species involved in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycle. Additionally, we found significant correlations between nitrogen and phosphorus cycle functional genes and environmental factors such as DO, pH, T , total dissolved solids （TDS）, electrical conductivity （EC）, and Chla. Furthermore, the content of these environmental factors exhibited depth-related changes in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, resulting in a distinct vertical distribution pattern of bacterioplankton nitrogen and phosphorus cycle functional genes. Overall, this study sheds light on the composition, function, and influencing factors of bacterioplankton communities across different layers of Danjiangkou Reservoir, offering valuable insights for the ecological function and diversity protection of bacterioplankton in this crucial reservoir ecosystem.

Most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are persistent organic pollutants, have strong carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity, and pose serious threats to the ecological environment and human health. Owing to the complexity of the matrix and low PAH content of environmental samples, separating and enriching PAHs in environmental samples is necessary prior to their detection. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technology is commonly used to detect PAHs owing to its advantages of simple operation, online connection with other instruments, low solvent usage, and integrability of sampling separation, enrichment, and desorption. The extraction coating is the core of this technology, and the type and thickness of the coating are important factors affecting the sensitivity and accuracy of the analysis. Common commercial extraction coatings include polydimethylsiloxane and quartz fiber; however, these materials have a number of disadvantages, such as poor thermal stability and high cost. Several methods, including electrochemical, sol-gel, molecular imprinting, and other coating methods, have been developed to prepare SPME coatings. Electrochemical methods have attracted considerable attention because of their simplicity, short duration, and high coating stability. In the development of an electrochemical method, the selection of the conductive polymer is of particular importance. Polypyrroles (Ppy) are easily synthesized and have numerous advantages, such as good conductivity and stable chemical properties. Thus, their use as a substrate material for SPME coatings is beneficial for improving the overall stability of the coating. Copolymerization with other polymers can enhance the adsorption performance of such coatings via synergistic effects. When doped with inorganic materials with high thermal stability, the composite coating can exhibit high temperature resistance. In this study, a porous boron nitride-doped Ppy-2,3,3-trimethylindole (Ppy/P2,3,3-TMe@In/BN) composite was prepared as a new SPME copolymer coating to detect three PAHs: naphthalene (NAP), acenaphthene (ANY), and fluorene (FLU). Scanning electron microscopy, thermal stability analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and other techniques were used to characterize the Ppy/P2,3,3-TMe@In/BN composite coating. The results showed that the coating featured a large number of porous and wrinkled dendritic structures, which increased the specific surface area of the composite coating and enabled the extensive enrichment of the three PAHs. When the sample inlet temperature of the chromatograph is 320 ℃, the chromatographic baseline of the coating is basically stable. Compared with commercial coatings, the prepared coating had better thermal stability. The coating formed stable intermolecular forces with the three PAHs owing to its numerous carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C), hydrogen bonds, and other structures, thereby achieving excellent enrichment of the target analytes. Compared with Ppy, Ppy/PIn, Ppy/P2,3,3-TMe@In, Ppy/BN, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings, the prepared Ppy/P2,3,3-TMe@In/BN composite coating exhibited better extraction effects for the three PAHs. The Ppy/P2,3,3-TMe@In/BN composite coating was polymerized on the surface of a stainless-steel wire by cyclic voltammetry and combined with gas chromatography-hydrogen flame ionization detection (GC-FID) to optimize the conditions influencing the extraction and separation of the three PAHs, thereby establishing a highly sensitive analytical method for detecting NAP, ANY, and FLU. This method had low limits of detection (LODs) of 10.6-14.5 ng/L ( S/N =3) and high stability. The SPME-GC-FID method was used to detect the three PAHs in two environmental water samples, and a small amount of ANY (1.39 μg/L) was detected in one water sample. Satisfactory recoveries (82.5%-113.9%) were obtained when both water samples were spiked with the three PAHs at three levels. The experimental results indicate that the established analytical method can detect the three PAHs in environmental water samples.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) caused by infections outside the central nervous system always presents extensive brain damage.It is common in clinical practice and associated with a poor prognosis.There are problems in the assessing and diagnosing of SAE.Many factors,such as sedation and mechanical ventilation,make it difficult to assess SAE,while electrophysiological examination may play a role in the assessment.We reviewed the studies of electrophysiological techniques such as electroencephalography and somatosensory evoked potentials for monitoring SAE,hoping to provide certain evidence for the clinical evaluation and diagnosis of SAE.

Aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are clonal diseases with hemopoietic stem cell (HSC) abnormalities,which are sometimes difficult to be distinguished from each other.The development of molecular detection techniques has facilitated our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the two diseases.This article reviewed the somatic mutation (SM) and cytogenetic changes of AA,and analyzed their molecular relationship with MDS and their roles in disease transformation.The most common somatic change in AA is the loss of PIGA and HLA alleles,which,along with trisomy 8 and del(13q),is related to the immune pathogenesis of AA.Among the 5 most common mutations in AA,PIGA and BCOR/BCORL1 mutations are related to a good prognosis,while DNMT3A and ASXL1 mutations are likely associated with clonal evolution and a poor prognosis.The risk factors for secondary MDS after AA include SM and cytogenetic changes such as del(7q) associated with poor prognosis,prolonged disease duration after diagnosis,onset age of AA,and leukocyte telomere attrition.Although role of SM in disease progression remains unclear because of its dynamic change and unknown significance,prognostic assessment based on the monitoring of SM and clinical features may guide the treatment.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of cyclosporin A(CsA)and CsA combined with recombined human erythropoietin(rhEPO)in the treatment of patients with chronic aplastic anemia(CAA).Methods Data of 79 patients with CAA treated at Department of Hematology,PUMC Hospital between January 2016 and June 2018 were collected for retrospective analysis.Forty-five patients were treated with CsA+rhEPO,and the other 34 patients with CsA alone.All the enrolled patients were treated for at least 1.5-2.0 years and followed for at least 1.0 year.The efficacy,side effects,long-term outcomes were compared between the two groups,and factors that may influence the efficacy were analyzed.Results The patients treated with CsA+rhEPO included 14 males and 31 females,with a median age of 43(19,73)years old.The median treatment duration of CsA and rhEPO was 26(12,38)and 4(3,6)months,respectively,and the median followed-up time was 24(12,42)months.The patients treated with CsA alone included 16 males and 18 females,with a median age of 36(16,85)years old.The median CsA treatment duration was 24(12,40)months and the median follow-up time was 25(12,40)months.There was no statistical difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups(all P >0.05).After 6 months of treatment,CsA+rhEPO group had higher overall response(OR)rate(55.6% vs. 31.3%; χ 2 =4.456, P =0.040)and partial response(PR)rate(53.3% vs. 25.0%; χ 2 =6.181, P =0.019)than CsA group,and the complete response(CR)rate showed no statistical difference between the two groups(2.2% vs. 6.3%; χ 2 =0.810, P =0.567).The CR,PR,and OR rates showed no statistical difference between the two groups after 3 and 12 months of treatment and at the end of follow-up(all P >0.05).Similarly,the hemoglobin level at the sixth month of treatment with CsA+rhEPO was higher than that with CsA alone [(102.6±24.0)g/L vs. (90.3±29.1)g/L; t =2.017, P =0.047].However,it showed no significant difference between the two groups at other time points(all P >0.05).The side effects,including an increase in serum creatinine,slight increase in bilirubin,increase in aminotransferase,mild to moderate gingival hyperplasia,gastrointestinal reaction,and muscular fibrillation,had no significant differences between the two groups(all P >0.05),except that 11.1%(5/45)patients in the CsA+rhEPO group reported soreness at the injection site.The two groups showed similar rates of clonal revolution during the follow-up period and no death.No clinical factor was found for prediction of the efficacy of CsA+rhEPO. Conclusion CsA+rhEPO has higher OR rate and hemoglobin level than CsA alone at the sixth month of treatment,and it has similar side effects compared with CsA alone.

This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effects of Puyu Capsules and its potential mechanism. The antidepressant activity of Puyu Capsules was evaluated by forced swimming test(FST) and tail suspension test(TST) after subchronic administration in mice. Next, the mice were subjected to a chronic unpredictable stress(CUS) protocol for a period of 28 d to induce depressive-like behaviors. Then, a sucrose preference test, open-field test and novelty-suppressed feeding test were performed to evaluate the antidepressant effect of Puyu Capsules. After the behavioral test, the adrenal index was calculated; the levels of serum corticosterone(CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA); the levels of glucocorticoid receptor(GR), protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), and the ratio of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein(CREB) to total CREB were detected by Western blot to explore the antidepressant function and mechanism of Puyu Capsules. The results suggested that Puyu Capsules had significant antidepressant effects on both the depression model and CUS model. At the same time, the drug could prevent the change of adrenal index induced by CUS and reverse the abnormal activation of CORT and ACTH in the serum of depressed mice. Finally, Puyu Capsules could also reverse the lower expression of pCREB, BDNF and GR in the hippocampus of CUS mice. In conclusion, Puyu Capsules produced significant antidepressant effects, and the mechanism was closely related to hypothalamic pituitary adrenal(HPA) axis activity, GR and CREB-BDNF pathway expression.

There is no criteria of placebo acupuncture method and no suitable method for all kinds of acupuncture research currently. In this paper, the methods and theories of placebo acupuncture were collected in recent 10 years at home and abroad. The analysis was conducted in the aspects of the premise of placebo acupuncture design, the common methods and their advantages and disadvantages, the application of various placebo acupuncture methods and the controversy on placebo acupuncture. It is required to further improve the design of placebo acupuncture control, explore the key questions of it and specify the criteria of its method so as to lay the foundation for the establishment of scientific and rational placebo acupuncture control in acupuncture research.

Surface water samples were collected from 20 sampling sites in the main stream and its major tributaries of the Yangtze River from April to May 2017. The concentrations of dissolved trace and major elements were analyzed to determine the spatial variation, source identification, and riverine fluxes using various multivariate statistical techniques, including correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA) with the goal of determining the influence of natural factors and human activities, including the operation of the Three Gorges Dam on the distribution and loading of major and trace elements in the Yangtze River water environment. Spatial distribution results showed that Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and As were the major elements affected by human activities in the Yangtze River, and their concentrations downstream were significantly higher than those in the middle and upper reaches ( P <0.05). All elements had fairly high concentration values in both channels of the Yangtze River mainstream in Chongqing city and Hanjiang River in Wuhan city, which were mainly related to the enhanced human activities. However, the low concentrations of multi-elements in the reach of the Yangtze River in Yichang were largely caused by the retention effect of Three Gorges Project on element transport, which decreased the riverine loadings of multi-elements. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Mo, Cr, and V were mainly associated with the weathering and erosion of various rocks and minerals in the river basin. And Cu, Zn, and Pb were mainly affected by enhanced human activities, such as industrial wastewater, metal smelting, and mineral mining, whereas Cd and As were mainly related to agricultural activities. The spatial distribution of trace and major elements showed that concentrations of some elements in the Yangtze River channels were enhanced by human activities. Generally, the heavy metal pollution in the Yangtze River Basin was lower than that in other rivers of the world. However, the annual fluxes of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and As could have far-reaching ecological effects on the Yangtze River estuary and offshore ecological environment.

Objective To understand the prevalence and metabolic abnormalities of fatty liver disease among adults in Mianyang City,Sichuan Province,and to analyze their influencing factors.Methods Totally 294 603 adults aged 18 years and older were enrolled by using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method in Mianyang City from November 1,2014 to September 30,2015.Fatty liver was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound.The general demographic characteristics,smoking history,drinking history,and history of chronic disease were collected through questionnaires.Meanwhile,10 217 subjects were randomly selected for biochemical tests[fasting plasma gluose(FPG),triacylglycerol(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)].Results Of these 294 603 subjects,17 105(5.81%)had fatty liver.After having been age-adjusted based on the results of the sixth national census in 2010,the standardized prevalence was 5.32%.The prevalence was significantly higher in males(6.76%;standardized prevalence:7.24%)than in females(5.09%;standardized prevalence:4.08%)( χ 2 =365.814, P <0.001)。The prevalence of fatty liver disease was significantly higher in people with current smokers(8.52%)/ex-smokers(8.89%),occasional alcohol users(6.79%)/regular alcohol users(10.51%)/daily alcohol users(10.62%),and patients with hypertension(12.14%)/diabetes(15.19%)/coronary heart disease(10.22%)than those without corresponding characteristics(all P <0.001).Abnormal increase in body mass index,diastolic blood pressure,FPG,TG,TC,and ALT were risk factors for fatty liver in Logistic regression model.Conclusions The prevalence of fatty liver in adults is relatively low in Mianyang City.Patients with fatty liver usually have varying degrees of abnormal increase in blood lipids,blood glucose,blood pressure,and ALT.Healthy lifestyles and comprehensively assessment of metabolic status are conducive to the prevention and treatment of fatty liver and extrahepatic complications.

Objective: To study the features of serum metabolites in preterm infants based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and to find differentially expressed metabolites in the serum of preterm infants., Methods: Serum samples were collected from 19 preterm infants and 20 full-term infants before feeding. GC-MS was used to measure metabolic profiles, and the metabolic features of 397 serum metabolites in preterm infants were analyzed., Results: There was a significant difference in serum metabolic features between the preterm and full-term infants before feeding. There were significant differences between the full-term and preterm infants in the levels of metabolites such as O-phosphonothreonine, digicitrin, tannic acid, and fructose-1,6-diphosphate (P<0.01), suggesting that the above differentially expressed metabolites were highly differentiated between the preterm and full-term infants. Most differentially expressed metabolites were involved in the metabolic pathways such as ABC transporters, β-alanine and pyrimidines and were correlated with some clinical parameters (albumin and total bilirubin) (P<0.05)., Conclusions: There is a significant difference in serum metabolites between preterm and full-term infants before feeding. Metabolomics plays an important role in improving metabolic disorders and exploring metabolism-related diseases in preterm infants.

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from biallelic mutations of ABCC2 gene, with long-term or intermittent conjugated hyperbilirubinemia being the main clinical manifestation. This paper aims to report the clinical features and ABCC2 genotypes of an infant with DJS. A 9.5-month-old male infant was referred to the hospital due to abnormal liver function discovered over 9 months. The major clinical presentation was prolonged jaundice since neonatal period. A series of biochemistry analysis revealed markedly elevated total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin and total bile acids. The patient had been managed in different hospitals, but the therapeutic effects were unsatisfactory due to undetermined etiology. Physical examination revealed jaundiced skin and sclera, and a palpable liver 3 cm below the right subcostal margin with medium texture. The spleen was not enlarged. Genetic analysis revealed a splice-site variant c.3988-2A>T and a nonsense variant c.3825C>G (p.Y1275X) in the ABCC2 gene of the infant, which were inherited from his mother and father respectively. The former had not been previously reported. Then ursodeoxycholic acid and phenobarbital were given orally. Half a month later, as a result, his jaundice disappeared and the biochemistry indices improved. However, the long-term outcome needs to be observed. Literature review revealed that neonates/infants with DJS presented with cholestatic jaundice soon after birth as the major clinical feature, and the ABCC2 variants exhibited marked heterogeneity.

Objective To investigate the college students'awareness of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its influencial factors in universities implementing "Red Ribbon in Colleges" event.Methods A multistage random sampling method was used to select 2057 students from 8 universities. Among them,1977 students were surveyed by quantitative questionnaires and 80 students were interviewed qualitatively. SPSS 24.0 software was used for data processing and analysis.Results A total of 1977 students was investigated,among whom the overall awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge was 88.21%. The awareness rate of the three major routes of AIDS transmission (i.e. sexual transmission,blood transmission,and mother-to-child transmission) were more than 90%,and the awareness rate of "Can mosquito bites spread AIDS" was lowest (72.99%). The awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge was significantly higher among students who had attended the "Red Ribbon in Colleges" event (95.36%,P<0.001),followed by those who had received AIDS prevention education as a freshman (92.22%,P<0.001),had filled in AIDS prevention questionnaires (91.42%,P<0.001),and had attended other AIDS-related health education events in schools or colleges (91.36%,P<0.001),and the differences were statistically significant when compared with students who had not attended any of these events. Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that attending the "Red Ribbon in Colleges" event (OR=2.973,95%CI=1.684-5.249,P<0.001),receiving AIDS prevention education as a freshman (OR=2.944,95%CI=2.073-4.181,P<0.001),attending other AIDS-related health education in schools or colleges (OR=1.590,95%CI=1.141-2.217,P=0.006),majoring in engineering disciplines (OR=2.756,95%CI=1.846-4.114,P<0.001),junior students (OR=1.916,95%CI=1.216-3.020,P=0.005),living in central China (OR=1.868,95%CI=1.085-3.218,P=0.024),and living in northern China (OR=1.774,95%CI=1.159-2.716,P=0.008) were favourable factors for high awareness rate. Qualitative analysis indicated that students rated highly of the "Red Ribbon in Colleges" event.Conclusion The "Red Ribbon in Colleges" event and other AIDS education programs help to increase the college students'awareness of AIDS-related knowledge.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of positive HBsAg and negative HBsAg populations in rural Mianyang, and provide evidence support for proper immunization strategies., Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 163 797 rural residents in Mianyang selected through a multistage random sampling strategy. Serum samples were taken from the participants to detect HBsAg and HBsAb with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)., Results: Overall, 6.57% 〔95% confidence interval ( CI ): 6.45%-6.69%〕 of participants were HBsAg positive. In those with negative HBsAg, 40.32% (95% CI : 40.36%-40.84%) had negative HBsAb. Higher prevalence of positive HBsAg was found in the male participants (7.74%) compared with the females (5.73%). But the male participants with negative HBsAg were less likely to have negative HBsAb (39.93%) than their female counterparts (40.61%). Those aged between 56 and 65 years had the highest prevalence of positive HBsAg (7.36%); whereas, those aged between 86 and 96 years had the highest prevalence of negative HBsAg/HBsAb (47.61%). The participants who were married (6.63%), resided in Fucheng District (9.23%), had a family history of Hepatitis B (21.01%) and were not vaccinated (7.30%) had higher prevalence of positive HBsAg than others. Those who were divorced and widowed (43.04%), resided in An County (55.24%), had no family history of Hepatitis B (40.60%), and were vaccinated (40.92%) had higher prevalence of negative HBsAg/HBsAb than others. These differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: A high proportion of rural residents in Mianyang are HBsAg positive or HBsAg/HBsAb negative. The older population and those without vaccination should be the main target in the prevention and control of hepatitis B., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

ICP-MS was used to determine the contents of five heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) in Chrysanthemum indicum and soil samples. Pearson correlation and path analysis were used to analyze the effects of latitude and longitude and altitude on the content of heavy metal elements in Ch. indicum. To explore the relationship between geographical location of heavy metal content in Ch. indicum and the content of heavy metal elements in soil. The results showed that the Ch. indicum had high enrichment of Cd and had a synergistic effect on the absorption of five heavy metal elements. Elevation directly affected the accumulation of Pb and Cd in Ch. indicum and was a positive effect. The direct positive effect of latitude acts on the accumulation of Hg and Cu in Ch. indicum. The effect of longitude on the Cd content was the negative effect of longitude. The geographical location had different effects on the accumulation of heavy metal elements in Ch. indicum. There was a certain interaction between direct and indirect effects. Ch. indicum had different absorption and enrichment characteristics for different heavy metal species. When controlling the heavy metal content and medicinal material quality of Ch. indicum, we must fully consider the influence of geographical location on the quality of medicinal materials, select suitable geographic regions to carry out acquisitions, and choose a good ecological environment. Regional establishment of Chinese herbal medicine planting bases, or adopting certain agricultural measures to reduce the absorption of heavy metal elements in Ch. indicum herbs, while conducting research on chemical composition, strengthening the research on the effective forms of heavy metals, and paying attention to the safety of medicinal herbs., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

This study was conducted to explore nitrogen transformation and associated microbial characteristics in a tidal flow constructed wetland (TFCW) with the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process under influent COD/TN (C/N) constraints. The influent C/N increased from 0.0 to 10.0 via the addition of glucose in the influent as a source of organics. The results showed that influent C/N significantly affected nitrogen transformation rates in the TFCW throughout the experiment. As the influent C/N increased from 0.0 to 6.0, the absolute abundance of functional genes involved in denitrification could be enriched as a consequence of the addition of organics in influent, and then the simultaneous nitrification, anammox, and denitrification (SNAD) processes occurred in the TFCW, resulting in the enhancement of nitrogen removal in the system. However, as the influent C/N was more than 6.0, the activity of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was inhibited and its quantity reduced, leading to the deterioration in nitrogen removal of the system. When the influent C/N was 6.0, the SNAD process was enhanced most effectively in the system owing to the development of multiple and complete nitrogen removal pathways in the TFCW. The TFCW respectively had the best TN removal efficiency and removal loading rate [(93.3±2.3)% and (149.30±8.00) mg·L -1 ·d -1 ], indicating that the results had been than the maximal TN removal efficiency in a CANON process under ideal conditions.

The effect of typical disinfection byproducts (DBPs) on bacterial antibiotic resistance was investigated in this study. chlorodibromomethane (CDBM), iodoacetic acid (IAA) and chloral hydrate (CH) were selected, which belong to trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs) and aldehydes, respectively. After exposure to the selected DBPs, the resistance change of the tested strains to antibiotics was determined. As a result, all of the three DBPs induced Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to gain increased resistance to the five antibiotics tested, and the DBPs ranked as IAA > CH > CDBM according to their enhancement effects. Multidrug resistance could also be enhanced by treatment with IAA. The same result was observed in Escherichia coli K12, suggesting that the effect of DBPs on antibiotic resistance was a common phenomenon. The mechanism was probably that DBPs stimulated oxidative stress, which induced mutagenesis. And the antibiotic resistance mutation frequency could be increased along with mutagenesis. This study revealed that the acquisition of bacterial antibiotic resistance might be related to DBPs in drinking water systems. Besides the genotoxicological risks, the epidemiological risks of DBPs should not be overlooked.

The first step of biodegradation is the contact of microorganism and pollutants, in order to examine the influence of phenanthrene on Sphingomonas sp. GY2B's surface properties during its degrading process, the bacteria was cultivated at different conditions, and detected by flow cytometry combined with fluorescent dyes for its surface changes. The results indicated that, the membrane structure had been certainly damaged during the degrading process, leading to an increased membrane permeability. Moreover, the destruction of bacteria membrane integrity became more serious with a higher pollutant concentration. At the concentration of 300 mg x L(-1), the ratio of stained bacterial cells/unstained cells was 12.44 after cultured for 60 h, while at 100 mg x L(-1) and 1.2 mg x L(-1), the ratios were 1.95 and 1.11, respectively. The results of fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorbance spectroscopy detection, the discrimination of death, injured and intact cells, and Zeta potential detection further verified the bacterial cell surface permeability changes. Flow cytometry combined with fluorescent dye propidium iodide was used to monitor the changes of bacterial membrane integrity on single-cell level which exhibited a good potential for exploring the changes of bacterial surface properties during the degrading progress and more deeply for investigating the degradation mechanism.

In order to provide the foundational theoretical support for flood loss estimation of rice with RS, the change of leaf area index (LAI) and canopy spectral response during four developmental stages and three waterlogging depths were studied, and the LAI estimation model was established with spectra characteristics parameter using regression analysis method. The results show that LAI value decreases as water depth increases in tillering, jointing and heading stages, and LAI value under complete submergence decreased by 36. 36% than CK in jointing stages. "Double-Peak" presented in the canopy first derivative spectra of 680-760 nm where the red edge parameters existed, and the main peak is located in the 724-737 nm with 701 and 718 nm exhibiting secondary peak. With water depth increasing, "Triple-Peak" emerges especially. The red edge position moves to long-wavelength direction in each developmental stage. Blue shift of red edge amplitude and red edge area was detected in tillering, jointing and filling stages, while red shift appeared in heading stage. The relationship between spectra characteristics parameters and LAI were investigated during 4 growth stages, results were not consistently significant at any wavelengths, and the leaf area indices were significantly correlative to the spectra parameters before heading stage, so the spectra parameters before heading stage can be used to estimate the leaf area indices, and a regression model based on parameter D(lambda737)/D(lambda718) was recommended. Therefore the variation range of LAI for rice could response to the stress intensity directly, and the regression model LAI= 3. 138(D(lambda737)/D(lambda718))-0. 806 can precisely estimate the leaf area index under flooding and waterlogging stress.

Objective: To detect potential mutations of OTC gene in a male infant affected with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency., Methods: Genomic DNA were isolated from peripheral blood samples of family members and 100 healthy individuals. Potential mutations of the 10 exons of OTC gene were screened with PCR and Sanger sequencing., Results: A homozygous missense mutation c.917G>C in exon 9, which results in p.R306T, was identified in the infant. Sequencing of the mother and two female members of the family indicated a heterozygous status for the same mutation. The same mutation was not found in other members of the family and 100 healthy controls., Conclusion: A missense mutation c.917G>C in the OTC gene is responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease. Identification of the mutation can facilitate prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling for the family.

By using the airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data of Liangshui National Nature Reserve in Yichun of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, 15 spectral parameters including red edge area, triangular vegetation index, and normalized difference vegetation index, etc. were extracted, and in combining with 5 geographical parameters including slope, aspect, elevation, canopy density and total vegetation coverage, and by using SPAD-502, the vegetation canopy's relative chlorophyll content in the reserve were measured, with the correlations of the leaf spectral reflectivity, its first-order derivative and other deformations with the SPAD value analyzed. A prediction model for relative chlorophyll content was established by adopting the kernel-based partial least-squares regression, and a quantitative estimation of the vegetation canopy's relative chlorophyll content in the study area was carried out with the established model. The results showed that the model performed best when the sections were three and the principle components were ten. The co-efficient of determination of the model was R2 = 0.855, the mean absolute percent error was 9.6%, and the prediction precision was 89.7%.

Objective: To establish a model of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in rats., Methods: SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with different concentrations of zymosan suspension. The general status, temperature, white cell count, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the pathological changes of main organs were examined., Results: The conditions of rats receiving zymosan doses of 750 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg were consistent with the criteria of SIRS model; however, the mortality of 1000 mg/kg group was higher than that of 750 mg/kg group., Conclusion: The rat model of systemic inflammatory response syndrome has been successfully induced.

Objective: To analyze the HPLC fingerprint chromatogram of some Taraxacum in Henan., Methods: Samples of different species, producing areas, harvest seasons and medicinal parts were determined by RP-HPLC. The chromatogram was evaluated by software of evaluating similarity., Results: The components of different species in Taraxacum were the same and could be substituted for each other. The contents of coffeic acid and chlorogenic acid in different producing areas were very different,which in fecund soil was better. The period of flowering and fruiting in Spring was the best gather period, and the components in different parts were different., Conclusion: The quality of medicinal materal within Taraxacum should be controlled better by this method.

Objective: To establish and improve the method of bisulfite sequencing for methylation status of imprinted genes in single human oocytes., Methods: Single superovulated immature human oocyte was embedded into low melting point agarose, followed by bisulfite treatment and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the H19 and MEST genes. The PCR products were then subjected to TA cloning and sequencing to determine the methylation status., Results: With the modified methods of embedding and bisulfite treatment, we achieved a high PCR success rate of 82.46%, with the somatic cell contamination rate as low as 7.14%. The sequencing results showed no non-CpG cytosine and exact conformity to the theoretical sequences., Conclusion: The bisulfite sequencing method we used to determine the methylation status of imprinted genes at the single-cell level was highly efficient and reliable, which can serve as a foundation for the further study of the influences of human assisted reproductive technology on genomic imprinting.

Objective: To study the change of Ca2+ density in cultured osteoclast-like cells in response to fluid shear stress., Methods: Laser scanning confocal microscope and fluorescent probe were used to detect the free Ca2+ in osteoclast-like cells before and after undergoing fluid shear stress. The images were analyzed and compared with image software., Results: At 37 degrees C the free Ca2+ in osteoclast-like cells could be labelled effectively with 10 micromol/L Fluo-3/AM. Compared with contol group, the average intensity of Ca2+ fluorescent signal in osteoclast-like cells undergoing fluid shear stress increased significantly., Conclusion: The Cal2+ concentration in bone-marrow derived osteoclast-like cells is sensitive to fluid shear stress, which suggests osteoclast-like cells modulate their function in response to fluid shear stress through the change of free Ca2+ concentration.

VH and Vkappa genes were amplified from human ScFv B17 specific against botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNTa). Gene sequence encoding 5'-terminal 12 amino acid of heavy chain constant region CH1, as a linker, linked VH and Vkappa to construct a new three-domain antibody molecule VH/Vkappa. VH/Vkappa was expressed at high level over 34% of total host cell proteins in E. coli. Recombinant protein were purified up to 95% by affinity column. As a result, recombinant VH/Vkappa could recognize and bind specific to BoNTa in ELISA. However, comparing with its parent ScFv, VH/Vkappa has higher relative affinity and stability.

Objective: To discuss the technical points, advantages, follow-up results and mechanism of endovenous holmium laser treatment for varicose veins., Methods: Endovenous holmium laser procedures were performed for 96 patients (99 legs) with primary varicosity of lower extremities. Perioperative Duplex was used for preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative guide and postoperative follow-up. The time of procedure and clinical results were observed. The mean follow-up time was 7 months., Results: Sixty-seven in 99 legs with saphenous vein occluded immediately during operation. All saphenous veins were confirmed to be occluded 7 days after the procedure. There was no recanalization with Duplex finding during the follow-up period. No wound complications. Two cases were with minor skin burn. One case was with saphenous nerve injury. Three cases were with thigh ecchymosis., Conclusion: Preliminary results show endovenous holmium laser treatment for varicose veins is safe and effective in treating varicose veins with cosmetic appearance and quicker recovery.