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【Objective】The research aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of different Chinese herbal medicine extracts on banana Fusarium wilt, and to screen effective plant resources for the control of banana Fusarium wilt.【Method】Tests were carried out on 29 Chinese herbal medicines, including Rheum palmatum and Andrographis paniculata, and the effective active ingredients were extracted by ethanol extraction. The inhibitory effects of different extracts on Foc TR4 were detected by the growth rate method, and the ethanol extracts of Rheum palmatum were extracted by using four solvents with different polarities, namely, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on the spores germination of banana Fusarium wilt were determined by the pendant drop method, and the effects of the extracts on the mycelial morphology of banana Fusarium wilt were observed.【Result】The inhibitory effects of 29 herbal medicine extracts on Foc TR4 showed great differences, and four extracts, including Rheum palmatum, Andrographis paniculata, Sophora flavescens, and Chrysanthemum indicum had better inhibitory effects on Foc TR4, among which the best inhibitory effect was achieved by Rheum palmatum extract, with the inhibitory rate of 6 mg/mL Rheum palmatum extract being 48.57%, and the EC50 of the mycelial growth being 6.68 mg/mL, while the EC50 of the spore germination was 4.60 mg/mL. Through observation by light microscope, the Rheum palmatum extract had a certain destructive effect on Foc TR4 mycelium, which produced a large number of branches and adhesions and caused uneven mycelial growth; among the four extraction fractions of the ethanolic crude extracts of Rheum palmatum, namely, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, the extract fraction of ethyl acetate showed the best inhibitory effects on the growth and spore germination of Foc TR4 mycelium, and the inhibition rate of mycelial growth could reach 85.68% when the concentration was 10 mg/mL. The EC50 value of ethyl acetate extract fraction of Rheum palmatum extract on Foc TR4 was 0.16 mg/mL.【Conclusion】The Rheum palmatum extract was screened out from 29 Chinses herbal medicine extracts with better inhibitory effect, and its main effective inhibitory component against banana Fusariu wilt Foc TR4 was in the ethyl acetate extract fraction was further clarified, which could provide a reference for the research and development of new pesticides from plant resources for the prevention and control of banana Fusarium wilt.

【Objective】The research aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of different Chinese herbal medicine extracts on banana Fusarium wilt, and to screen effective plant resources for the control of banana Fusarium wilt. 【Method】Tests were carried out on 29 Chinese herbal medicines, including Rheum palmatum and Andrographis paniculata, and the effective active ingredients were extracted by ethanol extraction. The inhibitory effects of different extracts on Foc TR4 were detected by the growth rate method, and the ethanol extracts of Rheum palmatum were extracted by using four solvents with different polarities, namely, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on the spores germination of banana Fusarium wilt were determined by the pendant drop method, and the effects of the extracts on the mycelial morphology of banana Fusarium wilt were observed.【Result】The inhibitory effects of 29 herbal medicine extracts on Foc TR4 showed great differences, and four extracts, including Rheum palmatum, Andrographis paniculata, Sophora fl avescens, and Chrysanthemum indicum had better inhibitory effects on Foc TR4, among which the best inhibitory effect was achieved by Rheum palmatum extract, with the inhibitory rate of 6 mg/mL Rheum palmatum extract being 48.57%, and the EC50 of the mycelial growth being 6.68 mg/mL, while the EC50 of the spore germination was 4.60 mg/mL. Through observation by light microscope, the Rheum palmatum extract had a certain destructive effect on Foc TR4 mycelium, which produced a large number of branches and adhesions and caused uneven mycelial growth; among the four extraction fractions of the ethanolic crude extracts of Rheum palmatum, namely, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, the extract fraction of ethyl acetate showed the best inhibitory effects on the growth and spore germination of Foc TR4 mycelium, and the inhibition rate of mycelial growth could reach 85.68% when the concentration was 10 mg/mL. The EC50 value of ethyl acetate extract fraction of Rheum palmatum extract on Foc TR4 was 0.16 mg/mL.【Conclusion】The Rheum palmatum extract was screened out from 29 Chinses herbal medicine extracts with better inhibitory effect, and its main effective inhibitory component against banana Fusariu wilt Foc TR4 was in the ethyl acetate extract fraction was further clarified, which could provide a reference for the research and development of new pesticides from plant resources for the prevention and control of banana Fusarium wilt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Withania somnifera, also known as Indian ginseng, is an important traditional medicine in the Ayurvedic medical system of India, which has a significant effect of adaptation. Modern studies have shown that the main chemical components of W. somnifera are withanolides, which have antioxidant, anti-tumor, enhancing immunity, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, anti-stress, anti-stress reaction and hypoglycemic activities. Studies on human, animal, mutagenesis, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and drug interaction showed that W. somnifera had good safety. Clinical trials have proved that W. somnifera is effective in treating a variety of human diseases. As a famous traditional medicine and modern dietary supplement, it has a high reputation and market in the international health product market, but in China, there is little scientific research, market development, product introduction and application. In this paper, the traditional application, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, safety evaluation and clinical study of the plant were introduced, so as to increase the understanding of the dual use of the plant, and to provide reference for the future introduction of the product, the service to the health of the Chinese people and the promotion of the "double cycle" of the trade of health products between China and the international community.

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Objective: Lamiophlomis rotata is a common wild herb in Tibetan traditional medicine with important medicinal and economic value. The paper examines the wild distributions, exploitation regime, and situations., Method: A variety of research methods, such as literature survey, specimens inspection, market information collection in major Chinese herbal markets, questionnaire of herbalists and employers of local governments and institutions, and field quadrat survey and AcrGIS as well, have been used for this work., Result: Total stock of wild resources of L. rotata is ranging from 3 713.49 tons to 6 896.56 tons (2 519-3 314 t in Qinghai, 490-1 414 t in Gansu, 641-1 167 t in Sichuan, and 422-999 t in Tibet, respectively), acceptable harvest quantity of the herb is ranging from 908-1 675 t per year, and actual harvest quantity is 2 520 t annually far beyond the acceptable harvest quantity., Conclusion: Harvesting quantity of L. rotata is far more than that of acceptable, suggesting that utilization pattern of this wild resource plant is unsustainable. L. rotata seems to act as an indicating plant of degraded ecosystem of high-altitude grassland, shrub grassland, and wetland, and distributes in those degraded and degrading plateau ecosystems, and the plant is facing with pressure of ecological protection and wild resource population degradation. Wild population monitoring and standard cultivation are of importance for although they are far from implementation due to shortage of related basic studies.

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The eco-environment in eastern part of Qinghai-Tibet plateau is a rather complicated complex. The plants species there are quite diverse. The plant resource from Polygonaceae family used in traditional Tibetan medicine is very rich according to preliminary investigation. There were 6 genera and 15 species. The flora and the medicine value of them were analyzed. And some suggestions about traditional Tibetan medicine plant resource exploitation and utilization were presented.

The research progress on Chinese medicine plant resources with pesticide activities, the active components and their reaction mechanism as well as the application and prospect were reviewed in this paper. Some proposals on the exploitation of traditional Chinese medicine plant origin pesticide were given. It is suggested to found compounds with pesticide activities from heat clearing and toxic clearing medicinal plants.

The paper presented a total system frame of supporting GAP implement of Chinese medicine plant in which information technology played an important role. A supporting system of GAP implement have been demonstrated on the GAP base in Zhangshu, Jiangxi.

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Copyright of Feed Research is the property of Editorial Board of Feed Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Natural Science Edition is the property of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences is the property of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Diabetes Mellitus is the property of Chinese Journal of Diabetes Mellitus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Study on the origin of plant name and its classification will contribute to the understanding, application and utilization of medicinal plants and Chinese material medicine. A variety of textual and classified research on material medicine literature, monographs, literature and other information were consulted. We summarized that the name of traditional Chinese medicine plant was closely correlated with its morphological or some other characteristics, e. g. efficacy, flavor, product area, habitats or the name derived from homonym, legend or to commemorate someone. The study on the traceability and characters analysis has intuitive benefit in understanding the characters of medicine plants and/or Chinese material medicine, which has an important inspiration and reference function to promote the teaching and researching of the main specialized basis courses of traditional Chinese pharmacal speciality, i. e. Pharmaceutical Botany, Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Chinese Medicine Identification, Chinese Material Medicine and Clinical Chinese Pharmacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saponins are a group of secondary metabolites occurring constitutively in most higher plant species, which have wide potential application in development of medicine, plant-derived pesticides, health products and nourishment. However, the contents of saponins are low and unstable in plants, which seriously affect the development and utilizations of these compounds. Therefore, regulation biosynthesis of saponins and improvement of its production have attracted more and more attention. This paper expounded the biosynthetic pathway, cultivation technology, genetic engineering, cell engineering and hairy root cultivation, and the research progress made in its synthesis of regulation. In addition, this paper also summarized the problems existing in this area and prospects the future research orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice & Service is the property of Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sevoflurane is one of the most commonly used inhaled anesthetics in obstetric and pediatric general anesthesia.According to related literature,this article reviews major possible mechanisms including myelin formation damage,nerve inflammation,cell apoptosis,oxidative stress,inhibition of histone acetylation,synapsis and receptor changes of sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in animal experiments.Furthermore,we summarize the neuroprotection effects and functioning mechanisms of anti-anemia medicine,plant-based drugs,alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists and others,aiming to provide a basis for the brain protection of fetuses and infants during the perioperative period.

The names, basic sources, medicinal parts, efficacy and standards of the medicinal materials in Euphorbiaceae were systematically collated and analyzed by the textual research for Yao medicine monographs in this paper. The results showed that there were great differences in the names, basic sources, medicinal parts and efficacy of some medicinal materials recorded in different literatures. There were 19 genera and 60 species(including varieties) of Euphorbiaceae of Yao medicine, involving 50 kinds of medicinal materials. Among them, there were 42 kinds of single basic sources medicine, 8 kinds of multi basic sources medicine, 28 kinds of root medicine, 26 kinds of whole plant medicine, 25 kinds of unique Yao medicine, accounting for 50%, 11 kinds of cross with Chinese medicinal materials, accounting for 22%. There were 21 kinds of Yao medicine standards at all levels, but only 1 kind of Laoban medicine and 2 kinds of Yao medicine standards. The Yao medicine in Euphorbiaceae could be named by means of transliteration of Yao language/Yao language transliteration/Chinese medicine name, Laoban medicine, plant morphology, medicinal properties, color and smell of medicine, while the medicinal parts and efficacy of the same medicinal name were different from those of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, the name and basic sources of the medicinal materials in Euphorbiaceae were not standardized, and the quality standard is not perfect. The above results provided a reference for the construction and improvement of quality standard system, the promotion of the production of medicinal materials and clinical medication standards, and the further development and utilization of Euphorbiaceae.

Cadmium contamination of environment is a subject of serious international concern. Bioaccumulation of cadmium occurs primarily through ingestion of contaminated water and food. Cadmium poisoning came into prominence with the "itai-itai" disease event in Japan in the 1950s. It could also cause damages to liver, kidney, lung and other organs. Thus, the treatment of cadmium poisoning has become a research hotspot. Researchers are trying their best to explore prophylactic and therapeutic medicines for prevention and treatment of cadmium-induced poisoning. So far, chelation therapy, the conventional treatment for heavy metal toxicity, is reported to have a number of safety and efficacy issues. Natural medicines have a variety of advantages such as extensive sources, high safety, less adverse reactions, and thus have great potentials in treating cadmium poisoning. In this review, the progress in the antagonistic effects of natural drugs in cadmium poisoning and their therapeutic mechanisms were summarized in order to provide certain references for the future development and in-depth study of antagonistic substances., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Ligusticum chuanxiong is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine plant. The study on its molecular markers development and germplasm resources is very important. In this study, we obtained 24 422 unigenes by assembling transcriptome sequencing reads of L. chuanxiong root. EST-SSR was detected and 4 073 SSR loci were identified. EST-SSR distribution and characteristic analysis results showed that the mono-nucleotide repeats were the main repeat types, accounting for 41.0%. In addition, the sequences containing SSR were functionally annotated in Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway and were assigned to 49 GO categories, 242 KEGG pathways, among them 2 201 sequences were annotated against Nr database. By validating 235 EST-SSRs,74 primer pairs were ultimately proved to have high quality amplification. Subsequently, genetic diversity analysis, UPGMA cluster analysis, PCoA analysis and population structure analysis of 34 L. chuanxiong germplasm resources were carried out with 74 primer pairs. In both UPGMA tree and PCoA results, L. chuanxiong resources were clustered into two groups, which are believed to be partial related to their geographical distribution. In this study, EST-SSRs in L. chuanxiong was firstly identified, and newly developed molecular markers would contribute significantly to further genetic diversity study, the purity detection, gene mapping, and molecular breeding., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

This paper is in order to discussion with the composition and characteristics of Tibetan medicine plant resources, and promote the reasonable protection and utilization of the resources of Tibetan materia medica. Statistical analysis of species, distributions, and others of Chinese endemic seed plant from Tibetan medicine plants and usually used in the clinic of Tibetan medicine. The results showed that there are 523 species (25%) of Chinese endemic seed plant, belonging to 65 families and 162 genera, in about 2 000 varieties of Tibetan medicine plants recorded in relevant literatures. There are 180 Chinese endemic seed plant species (28%) belonging to 42 families and 72 genera from 625 medicine plants usually used in the clinic of Tibetan medicine. Specifically, the most of these Chinese endemic seed plant species are characteristic crude drug used in Tibetan medicine, and mainly or only distributed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. And a few species of them were intersected with traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and other ethnic medicines. In addition, about 10% are listed in China Species Red List. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the most abundant areas of Areal-types of the Chinese endemic seed plant. This is the biological and ecological reason formation the characteristics of Tibetan medicine plant resources. Therefore, strengthen the research of Chinese endemic seed plants used in Tibetan medicine is great significance for the reasonable protection and utilization of Tibetan medicine plant resources.

In the present study, terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) technique was applied to assess the diversity and tissue distribution of the fungal endophyte communities of Alpinia officinarum collected from Longtang town in Xuwen county, Guangdong province, China, at which the pharmacological effect of the medicine plant is traditional considered to be the significantly higher than that in any other growth areas in China. A total of 28 distinct Terminal-Restriction Fragment (T-RFs) were detected with HhaI Mono-digestion targeted amplified fungal nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region sequences (rDNA ITS) from the root, rhizome, stem, and leaf internal tissues of A. officinarum plant, indicating that at least 28 distinct fungal species were able to colonize the internal tissue of the host plant. The rDNA ITS-T-RFLP profiles obtained from different tissues of the host plant were obvious distinct. And the numbers of total T-RFs, and the dominant T-RFs detected from various tissues were significantly different. Based on the obtained T-RFLP profiles, Shannon's diversity index and the Shannon's evenness index were calculated, which were significantly different among tissues (P < 0.05). Furthermore, two types of active chemicals, total volatile oils by water vapor distillation method and galangin by methanol extraction-HPLC method, were examined in the each tissue of the tested plant. Both of tested components were detected in all of the four tissues of the medicine plant with varying contents. And the highest was in rhizome tissue. Correlation analysis revealed there were significant negative correlations between both of the tested active components contents and calculated Shannon's diversity index, as well as the Shannon's evenness index of the fungal endophyte communities of the host plant (P = 0, Pearson correlation coefficient ≤ -0.962), and significant positive correlations between both of the tested active components contents and 325 bp dominant T-RF linkage to Pestalotiopsis (P = 0, Pearson correlation coefficient ≥ 0.975). In conclusion, A. officinarum is colonized by diverse fungal endophytes communities. The diversity of the fungal endophytes was found in the A. officinarum varied with differences of the tissue types of the host plants and was closely correlated with the accumulation of main active components, total volatile oils and galangin contents in the host plant tissue.

The acquisition and storage of the image data are important in the Chinese medicine resources survey, and it is important data and evidence for the process and the results. The image data of the Chinese medicinal materials' habitat, original plant or animal, processing in habitat, commodity form, the relative contents and workshop scenarios in the investigation are important for the compiling of the Color Atlas of National Chinese Medicine Resources, mapping the digital scattergram of the Chinese medicine resources, establishing the digital Chinese medicine plant herbarium and acquiring the documentary of the Chinese medicine resource survey. The content, procedures and methods of the video data collecting have been related and analyzed in this article to provide reference for the Chinese medicine resources survey.

Objective: To study the mixed infection caused by meloidogyne and pathogenic fungi on Siraitia grosvenorii,the result can provide basis for controltion., Methods: The correlation of fungi, nematode with the disease was studied base on tissue-isolation, back-inoculation and morphological characters., Results: The species of root-knot nematode was identified as Meloidogyne incognita. The main pathogens were Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Verticillium alboatrum. The three fungis and their mixture can infect the tubers of Siraitia. grosvenorii, and the disease incidence was 57.14%, 38.10%, 47.62% and 71.43% respectively. Inoculation tests showed that the three pathogens and the root-knot nematode could cause mixed infection,, Conclusion: Meloidogyne and pathogenic fungi can infect Siraitia. grosvenorii together. The three pathogens and nematode should be controlled all together at the same time.

This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect on proliferation and metastasis of 20-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (IH901) on ECV304 cell line. MTT assay was used to examine the effect of cell proliferation inhibition and the adhesive ability of ECV304 cells to artificial basement membrane. Morphology of cell apoptosis was observed with phase contrast microscope. Apoptosis rate and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Cell migration was measured by wound healing assay. ELISA kit was used to detect VEGF and bFGF. Caspases were detected by Western blotting. Results indicated that ginseng saponin IH901 can downregulate the expression of growth promoting protein VEGF and bFGF, and upregulate pro apoptosis protein cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3. The increase in the apoptotic sub-G1 fraction is in a dose-dependent manner, and cell cycle arrests in the G0/G1 phase was detected by FCM. Morphological examination of IH901-treated samples showed cells with chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, and all typical characteristics of apoptotic cells. Therefore, IH901 dramatically suppresses cell proliferation and adhesion and migration of ECV304 cell line.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the root of Millettia speciosa., Methods: To isolate and purify by silica gel, macroporous resin D-101 and Sephadex LH-20., Results: Five compounds were isolated from 95% EtOH extract of Millettia Speciosa and their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic analysis as Isoliquiritigenin (I), Maackiain (II), Pterocarpin (III), Medicarpin (IV) and Homopterocarpin (V)., Conclusion: Compounds I, III are obtained from this plant for the first time, compounds V is isolated from the genus Millettia for the first time.

Plant granules (phi 2-3 mm) made of starch, gelatin and medicine plant powder were used to kill Oncomelania hupensis. The results showed that after eating the plant granules, the mortality of the snail was 92.5%-100% within 24 hrs. The poison effect of the plant granules was much better than that of others, e.g., they could kill snails 12-24 h earlier than Niclosamidum (1 x 10(-3) g.L-1). In a field experiment, the snail mortality was up to 61.5% by using plant granules.