Search

In order to study the effect of metal ion mordanting on the dyeing performance of wool with natural dyes, madder pigment was selected to dye wool fabrics. On the basis of optimizing the dyeing process conditions, the influence of metal ion mordanting on the dyeing performance of madder pigment wool fabrics was explored. The research results indicate that the color fastness of wool fabrics can be effectively improved by mordant treatment. The color fastness to light reaches level 4, and other color fastness levels are higher than or equal to level 3-4. The color yield of dyed fabrics significantly increased after being dyed with different metal ions, and the color characteristic values of mordant dyed wool fabric show significant changes. The analysis of surface elements on fabrics indicates that the degree of improvement in color fastness and color change is related to the content of metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dalian Polytechnic University is the property of Journal of Dalian Polytechnic University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bones are stained into red color with feeding madder, but we do not know whether the fed madder can change the bone biomechanical properties and bone mineral contents in animals. In this research, we established a rat model with feeding madder. The bone biomechanical properties were detected by universal material mechanics, bone mineral contents were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and spectrometer, and red color material in bone was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that bone biomechanical parameters in femur diaphysis in the 10% and 15% group rats were significantly higher than those in the control group after feeding madder for 6 months. The level of calcium, magnesium and zinc in femur diaphysis in 10% and 15% group rats were higher than those in the control group after feeding madder for 6 months. However, it was shown that the kidney congestion and hyperemia and the level of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the 15% group rats were significantly different compared to those in the control group rats after feeding madder for 6 months. The red colored material in bone is related to alizarin analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. The conclusion could be drawn that feeding 10% madder in diet was not toxic to the rats fed for 6 months, and it could improve bone biomechanical properties and increase bone mineral elements.

In order to improve the application range of natural dyes in wool textile industry and improve the quality of products, the printing performance of madder dyes on silk/wool fabrics were studied. The effect of different printing processes on the printing effect was discussed, and the pretreatment and printing process for silk/wool fabrics was determined. Ferrous sulfate was selected as mordant, the printing process of silk/ wool ghatpot was carried out by using pre-media printing technology. On this basis, the optimal printing process parameters were further determined: the dosage of glycerin was 2 g, the steaming time was 30 min, and the dosage of mordant was 20 g/L. The rubbing fastness and washing fastness of silk/wool fabrics printed with madder dye are better with better antibacterial and ultraviolet resistance, which have a good prospect of development and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Silk is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Jinan University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Jinan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taitaihua pattern is a common pattern in the Tujia brocade, and is of comparable importance with the hook pattern. Taitaihua pattern is only used on baby blanket dress. It’s of uniqueness in both the application of pattern and the use of carrier. Such a special form is rarely seen in the Tujia nationality. Tujia people take it as the shelter for infants. The cultural connotation of baby blanket dress with Taitaihua pattern fully embodies the awe for life, nature and ancestors. Two opposing theories of " worshiping the white tiger" and " expelling the white tiger" prevail in the academic research of the pattern of Taitaihua. Throughout the research progress, scholars have held different opinions as for the implied meaning of the rhombic face pattern, they have further investigated the origin of Tujia culture based on the theories of culturology and folklore from two opposite points of view. The author agrees with the interpretation of their worship of white tiger as " Different Branches of the Same Origin", and recognizes that both " worshing the white tiger" and " expelling the white tiger" exist in two different branches of the Tujia nationality at the same time. Different branches lead to varied beliefs, and such customs have been continued to this day. The paper introduces the cross-thinking of " Different Branches of the Same Origin" to weaken the opposing concept mainly from the perspective of art aesthetics. The styling features characteristics and the concept of the pattern creation are analyzed through digital investigation. Taitaihua pattern consists of the boat pattern on the top, the geometric rhombic face pattern in the middle, and the ripple pattern at the bottom. The pattern shape and structure are interpreted by different symbolic meanings. This paper focuses on analyzing the abstract expression of white tiger image through digital restoration of the pattern shape and structure of and element decomposition. Meanwhile, the pattern is analyzed and summarized through real pattern analysis and restoration design. In the Tujia brocade, colors of the thread are plant-dyed using common materials such as turmeric, jasmine, bark of Chinese toon, logwood, madder, Chinese gall, and isatis root, with different brightness and different purity of color through dyeing and weaving, thus forming Tujia color system. From the combination of colors, the theory of " expelling the white tiger" is further analyzed. In this paper, the image of " driving away white tiger " is traced and explained by digital extraction. Through demonstration of the shape and colors, the cultural connotation of the folk pattern of Taitaihua gradually established under the theory of " Different Branches of the Same Origin" is revealed, and the cultural implication of the Taitaihua pattern interpreted in the context of different cultural beliefs is explained. Regardless of " worshiping the white tiger" and " expelling the white tiger", in the final analysis, they reflect people’s different understandings of the thought placed on an object, and the pursuit of the Tujia worship of gods, ancestors and reproduction. Their purposes are generally the same, namely to protect the descendants and continue the family line. From the psychological perspective, Tujia people use the material image to help solve real life problems. The images bear their wishes to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and pray for blessings. Furthermore, the idea of symbiosis of ethnic culture is interpreted from the perspective of " Different Branches of the Same Origin". Through analysis of the artistic characterization of pattern form, structure and colors, the author tries to study commonalities of two ideas in the worship of gods, ancestors and reproduction in the context of the phenomenon of " Different Branches of the Same Origin", thereby exploring the cultural connotation of Tujia customs and conducting a full-vision examination on Tujia brocade art and its artistic expressions. In the process of historical evolution, Tujia people have followed their beliefs and interpreted their culture. Viewing cultural differences from a perspective of cultural inclusiveness, the author further explains the reasons for the coexistence of two beliefs in one tribe. This article expands the research system of Tujia culture and extends the theoretical framework of Taitaihua culture research, positively promoting the analysis of the historical evolution of Tujia culture and improving Tujia culture and facilitating the development of the basic theory and related systems of Tujia culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to explore the value of three-dimensional ultrasound in the evaluation of pelvic floor dysfunction . There were 78 patients with pelvic floor dysfunction who were selected as observation group, and 80 patients without pelvic floor dysfunction who were selected as control group. The elevator hiatus area and elevator and thickness were observed by three-dimensional ultrasound, and the muscle strength of elevator and was also detected. The experimental results show that, the area of hiatus of Water in resing state and Vakalva state in observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, as well as the posterior angle of urinary bladder in ruing state and Valsalva state (P$0. 05), while the thickness of Water and muscle was significantly was than that of the control group (P<0. 05). The mobility of Madder neck was significantly higher than that of the control group (P$0. 05). The muscle strength of Wator and muscle in the observation group was weaker than that in the control group (P$0. 05). In resting state and Valsalva state, the area of hiatus of Water was negative corrected with the grading of Water and mused strength (r=--0. 544 and --0. 560, P$0. 05). The mobility of bidder neck was negatively corrected with the grading of Water and mused strength (r= --0. 511, P$0. 05). This study confirmed that there is a correlation between the area of Water hiatus, the mobility of bladder neck and the muscle strength of Water and in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Natural plant dyes have received more and more attention due to their natural, environmentally friendly, antibacterial, and easy-degradation characteristics. Gardenia extract was selected to dye wool fiber in the article. Single factor test and orthogonal test were used to study the extraction technology of gardenia dye, the optimal extraction process of gardenia dye was: gardenia and deionized water ratio 1 :30, deionized water pH value 8, extraction temperature 70 °C, extraction time 50 min. Then the wool fiber was dyed by direct dyeing method and mordant dyeing method respectively. The orthogonal test results show that the optimal dyeing process for wool fiber is dyeing bath ratio 1 :30, dyeing temperature 60 °C, dyeing solution pH value 6, dyeing time 50 min. The optimum process of mordant dyeing method is dyeing bath ratio 1 :30, dyeing temperature 70 °C, dyeing time 50 min, dyeing solution pH value 6, lanthanum chloride mass concentration 8 g/L. After optimized dyeing process, the color fastness of wool fibers reached grade 3 and above, and K/S value was 7. 347. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tiangong University is the property of Journal of Tianjin Polytechnic University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to explore the dyeing property and anti-ultraviolet effect of natural dyes on silk and cotton fabrics of Chinese fir leaves. In this experiment, the best dyeing process of Chinese fir leaf extract on silk fabric and cotton fabric was studied, and the ultraviolet resistance of silk fabric and cotton fabric was tested. The results show that the best dyeing method for silk and cotton fabric is post. I mordant dyeing,, and the best dyeing process for cotton fabric is as follows: the bath ratio is 1 : 50, dyeing at 90 °C for 60 min, dyeing pH value 4.5, and the dosage of sodium sulfate is 15 g/L. The best dyeing process for silk fabric is: bath ratio 1:50, dyeing 60 min at 100 °C, dyeing pH value 4.5, dosage of sodium sulfate 20 g/L. Mordant dyeing process is as follows: mass concentration of mordant is 1 g/L (rare earth), and it is treated at 80 °C for 30 min. After color fixation, the color fastness to soaping and to sun can reach grade 3, and the uv resistance is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the application of cortex fraxini natural dye in dyeing process, wool fibers were mordant dyed with cortex fraxini natural dye extracted by water extraction method. Dyeing properties of direct dyeing and mordant dyeing using different m()rdant were compared by K/S value of dyed samples. and the effect of dyeing process containing dyeing temperature and duration, pH value of dyeing bath, amount of the mordant, mordant dyeing temperature and duration on the dyeing properties were experimentally investigated. The better results were achieved by post mordant dyeing with copper sulfate as mordant. The post mordant dyeing process of wool with cortex fraxini natural dye was optimized as follow : dyeing wool at 100 °C for 45 min when pH value of dyeing bath was 4.0, and then post mordant dyeing with 2% ( owf) copper sulfate at 100 r for 30min. K/S value, friction resistance fastness and washing fastness increased obviously for post mordant dyed sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CT Theory & Applications is the property of Editorial Department of CT Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the birthplace of Silk Road, China has a long dyeing history. The valuable information about the production time, the source of dyeing material, dyeing process and preservation status were existed in organic dyestuff deriving from cultural relics and artifacts. However, because of the low contents, complex compositions and easily degraded of dyestuff, it is always a challenging task to identify the dyestuff in relics analyzing field. As a finger-print spectrum, Raman spectroscopy owns unique superiorities in dyestuff identification. Thus, the principle, characteristic, limitation, progress and development direction of micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS/µ-Raman), near infrared reflection and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (NIR-FT-Raman), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and resonance raman spectroscopy (RRS) have been introduced in this paper. Furthermore, the features of Raman spectra of gardenia, curcumin and other natural dyestuffs were classified by MRS technology, and then the fluorescence phenomena of purpurin excitated with different wavelength laser was compared and analyzed. At last, gray green silver colloidal particles were made as the base, then the colorant of madder was identified combining with thin layer chromatography (TLC) separation technology and SERS, the result showed that the surface enhancement effect of silver colloidal particles could significantly reduce fluorescence background of the Raman spectra. It is pointed out that Raman spectroscopy is a rapid and convenient molecular structure qualitative methodology, which has broad application prospect in dyestuff analysis of cultural relics and artifacts. We propose that the combination of multi-Raman spectroscopy, separation technology and long distance transmission technology are the development trends of Raman spectroscopy.

Objective: An improved tracheal intubation method was used in preparation of myocardial infarction model in the mouse for increasing the success rate., Methods: The mice were intubated by an improved trachea cannula through oral cavity. The left anterior thoracotomy performed. The myocardial infarction model was made by legating the left anterior descending coronary artery in mouse. The color of heart was observed, and electrocardiogram was recorded. The survival rate and pathologic change were observed after two weeks of operation., Results: 40 myocardial infarction model mice were made by improved trachea cannula. The color of ventricles anterior wall had got madder red, and ST stages were raised on II leads of electrocardiogram in all of model mice. After two weeks, 27 mice were survival. The survival rate was 87.1% except for accidental death during operation. The heart chamber expanded and ventricular wall became thin in myocardial infarction mice by eyes. After pathological sections were stained, by HE cardiac muscle fibers ruptured or lysed. There were some of necrosis of myocardiac cells and many of infiltration of inflammatory cells., Conclusion: Application of an improved tracheal intubation method simplified operation of tracheal intubation during preparation of myocardial infarction model in the mouse. The trauma was tinier than the other one, and achievement ratio of the model preparation was improved.

Objective: Elucidating the detoxification mechanism of the raw Pinellia ternata processed by alum solution or alkaline solution (pH > 12)., Method: Raw Pinellia ternata was immersed in alum solution and alkaline solution according to Chinese pharmacopoeia. Observed the shape's changing of needle-like calcium oxalate crystals by scanning electro-microscopy. Determinating the contents of calcium oxalate crystals by applying oxidation reduction titration. Measured the irritations of raw P. ternata and various processing products on the model of rabbits'eyes., Result: After processed by 8% alum solution prescribed in Chinese pharmacopoeia or 10% sodium carbonate solution, the needle-like shape of raphides in raw Pinellia ternata were changing and the sting barb of raphides were rusted and dissolved, the contents of calcium oxalate crystal in raw Pinellia ternata were sharply declined from more than 1% to less than 0.5%. the decline of contents is relative to the irritation decline of P. ternata on rabbit's eyes. Less than 0.5% calcium oxalate crystals of P. ternata almost had no irritation., Conclusion: After processed by 8% alum solution or sodium carbonate solution (pH > 12) , the irritation components in raw P. ternata could be rusted and dissolved, the needle point of raphides was broken, which led to the raphides'content declining and the irritation disappearing. The micro-structures, shapes and contents of calcium oxalate crystals in different medicine plants were not same. These properties of calcium oxalate crystal in India Madder Root and yam et al were very different from those in raw P. ternata.

Objective: Confirm the irritation of needle-like calcium oxalate crystals in raw Pinellia ternata., Method: Comparing the irritations of raw P. ternate containing calcium oxalate crystals, the raw P. ternate no containing calcium oxalate crystals, the pure needle-like calcium oxalate crystals isolated from raw P. ternata, the extracts of water and various solvents from raw P. ternate. by using the model of rabbits' eyes. Studying the quantity effect relationship of different concentration suspensions of needle-like calcium oxalate crystal isolated from raw P. ternate on rabbits' eyes. Observing the shape and appearance of calcium oxalate crystals in raw P. ternate and raw India Madder Root by the electro microscope and comparing their irritation degrees with the same contents of calcium oxalate crystals., Result: Calcium oxalate crystals in raw P. ternata showed very strong irritation property. Under the same content of calcium oxalate crystals, the irritation of raw P. ternata and pure needle-like calcium oxalate crystals isolated from raw P. ternate had no significant difference. The concentrations of needle-like calcium oxalate crystals were do relative to the degree of irritation on rabbits' eyes and they showed undoubted quantity-effect relationship., Conclusion: Calcium oxalate crystal is the irritation component in raw P. ternata.