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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different additives on the quality of potato vine silage. Potato vines were used as raw materials. The silage in control group had no additive, while the experimental groups were added 5% corn flour, 0.002% lactic acid bacteria (1.5 x 1012 CFU/g), and 5% corn flour + 0.002% lactic acid bacteria (1.5 x 1012 CFU/g) to the silage, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group and 0.002% lactic acid bacteria group, the sensory quality of 5% corn flour group significantly improved, and the crude protein, solanine and lactic acid concentrations of 5% corn flour group and 5% corn flour + 0.002% lactic acid bacteria group significantly increased (P<0.05). The soluble sugar, acid detergent fiber content, pH value, acetic acid content, and ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen ratio significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the neutral detergent fiber content in the 5% corn flour group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The study indicates that adding 5% corn flour or adding 5% corn flour + 0.002% lactic acid bacteria (1.5 x 1012 CFU/g) can significantly improve the sensory quality, nutritional quality, and fermentation quality of potato vine silage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effects of different silage additives on the mixed silage of silage corn and whole soybean (1:1). The control (CK) had no microbial inoculum, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 were silaged with 0.005 g/kg microbial inoculum, 0.3 g/kg enzyme preparation, 0.005 g/kg microbial inoculum + 0.3 g/kg enzyme preparation, 4 mL/kg formic acid, and 4 mL/kg propionic acid, respectively, and the silage was fermented for 90 days. The results showed that the pH value of treatment groups and CK was lower than 4.10. Lactic acid (LA) content in T4, T5, and T1 was significantly higher than that in other treatments ( P<0.05). The content of acetic acid (AA) was significantly higher than that of CK ( P<0.05), and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (NH3-N/TN) was significantly lower than that of CK ( P<0.05). The contentrations of dry matter (DM) and starch in T5 and T4 were significantly higher than those in CK ( P<0.05). The content of crude fat (EE) in T3 and T2 was significantly higher than that in CK ( P<0.05). The content of soluble carbohydrate (WSC) in T1 and T4 was significantly higher than that in CK ( P<0.05). The contentrations of crude ash (CA) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) treated with each additive were significantly higher than those in CK ( P<0.05). The nutritional value of all treatments was ranked as T1 > T5 > T4 > T3 > T2 > CK by the membership function method. The additive treatments improved the aerobic stability of corn and soybean mixture, and the effects of T5, T4, and T1 were better than those of other treatments. The study indicates that the additive treatments improve the nutritional value and aerobic stability of mixed silage of corn and whole soybean, among which propionic acid, formic acid, and microbial inoculum are better than other treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to screen suitable types and amounts of additives for the whole-plant corn silage preparation, promoting the industrial development of corn silage. Using the wax-ripe whole-plant corn as a raw material, a study was conducted on the effects of formic acid, lactic acid bacteria, and molasses on the fermentation characteristics, nutritional quality, and aerobic stability of whole-plant corn. The results showed that compared with natural fermentation, 6 mL/kg of formic acid could significantly reduce the number of undesirable microorganisms and the content of NH3-N in silage (P<0.05), and improve the content of WSC and aerobic stability. Adding Lactobacillus brucei or a combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brucei significantly increased the acetic acid content (P<0.05), reduced the quantity of harmful microorganisms and NH3-N content, and improved aerobic stability. The addition of molasses significantly increased the quantity of harmful microorganisms and NH3-N content in silage(P<0.05), while reducing the content of acetic acid, DM, and WSC. The study indicates that considering the fermentation characteristics, nutritional quality, and aerobic stability of whole corn silage, it is recommended to use 6 mL/kg of formic acid, Lactobacillus brucei alone, or a combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brucei in a 1: 5 ratio for silage preparation in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the experiment was to study the nutrient composition and fermentation quality of mixed silage of corn straw and potato starch residue in different proportions. Using the corn stalk and potato starch residue as raw materials, the experiment adopted a two-factor experimental design, taking different mixing ratios of raw materials (CKB1, CKB2, CKB3) and different mixing ratios after adding bacteria (AB1, AB2, AB3) as treatments. The conventional nutrition and fermentation quality of mixed silage was analyzed after 30 days. The results showed that the interaction of different raw material ratios and bactericides had significant effects on pH values, lactic acid, acetic acid, acid detergent fiber and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen content of silage (P<0.05). Under the same mixing ratio of raw materials, the addition of bactericides could increase the lactic acid content of silage (P<0.05), and decrease the pH value, acetic acid and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen content (P<0.05). Under the same treatment, the concentration of crude protein and soluble carbohydrate and relative feeding value of silage decreased, while the concentration of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude ash increased. The concentration of dry matter, crude ash, soluble carbohydrate, pH value, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber and their relative feeding value were significantly affected by different raw material ratios (P<0.05). The study indicates that potato starch residue to corn straw is 7:3, and the better silage effect is obtained by adding bactericide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The phosphate-and potassium-solubilizing bacteria were isolated and identified from maize rhizosphere and their ecological adaptability was further analyzed in the present study, which provide excellent strains for enriching the microbial resources library and developing microbial fertilizers. [Method] The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from maize rhizosphere by plate dilution method and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence and homologous alignment. Subsequently, the strains with the strongest capability of phosphate solubilization were selected to analyze their potassium solubilization capability and ecological adaptability. [Result] A total of 9 strains of organic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and 2 strains of inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were obtained from maize rhizosphere, and the concentrations of available phosphate were 0.018 to 4.479 mg/L and 5.383 to 6.242 mg/L, respectively. According to the phylogenetic tree, these strains were identified and affiliated to Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Cupriavidus, Leclercia and Enterobacter, respectively. The strain P4-5 with the strongest capability of organic phosphate solubilization was grouped into a clade with Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis, and strain CP4-1 2 with the strongest inorganic phosphate solubilization capacity was clustered a clade with Leclercia adecarboxylata. Strains P4-5 and CP4-12 dissolved potassium feldspar in the liquid medium and the corresponding available potassium concentrations were 8.100 mg/L and 1.333 mg/L, respectively. Strain P4-5 had a strong ability to resist salt, but could not tolerate strong acid and alkali, moderate drought and high concentrations of pesticides. Strain CP4-1 2 had strong salt, drought and pesticides resistance, while could not tolerate strong acid and alkali. [Conclusion] Two bacterial strains with phosphate and potassium solubilization capacity were isolated from maize rhizosphere with ability to resist acid, alkali, salt, drought and pesticides. This study provides excellent strain resources for the application of microbial fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to screen high quality sweet sorghum varieties for silage modulation in Guizhou Karst mountainous areas. Four sweet sorghum varieties (LJR, GS4, GS6, WC8) were selected to produce silage with local main sweet sorghum varieties (DLS) as control, measured the silage effect after 60 d of fermentation and the aerobic spoilage inhibition effect after 6 d of opening cellar. The results showed that after fermentation for 60 d, LJR and DLS had obvious aromatic fruit taste and excellent silage quality grade. The lactic acid content of LJR was significantly higher than that of GS4 and GS6 ( P<0.05), the acetic acid content was the highest (1.40%), and significantly higher than that of DLS, GS4 and GS6 ( P<0.05), the CP content was up to 8.18%, the ammonia nitrogen content was lower, and the fermentation quality and nutritional quality of silage were better. After 6 d of opening, pH value of LJR and WC8 increased relatively slowly, CP content was higher, the range of nutrient loss of WSC was lower, the number of yeast and mold was significantly lower than that of DLS, GS4 and GS6 ( P<0.05), and the aerobic spoilage inhibition effect was better. According to comprehensive evaluation by membership function method, the varieties were ranked as LJR (0.63) > DLS (0.61) > WC8 (0.52) > GS4 (0.40) > GS6 (0.36). The study indicates that silage quality of LJR is comparable to DLS, and the aerobic decay inhibition effect is the best. LJR has potential to be popularized in silage utilization in Guizhou Karst mountainous areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was to the effect of microbial silage sheep manure on producing rich selenium feed in goat production, to solve the problem of waste pollution in intensive and large-scale livestock and poultry production. The experiment used 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% sheep manure, mixed different proportions of ryegrass, crushed corn, Se-enriched Cardamine violifolia residue, and microbial fermentation inoculants for anaerobic silage fermentation. Through the detection of sensory evaluation, nutritional composition, safety evaluation indexes, selenium content of materials after fermentationand the effect on growth performance of goat. The results showed that after the silage of sheep manure and ryegrass, the odor of manure and ammonia completely disappeared, and the odor of manure changed from sticky and grainy before to soft, unclumpy fermented feed with bread flavor. The sensory rating of experimental groups was grade 2 or above. AFB1 in all experimental groups was less than 10 μg/kg, which was in line with the Feed Hygiene Standard (GB 13078--2017). The content of dry matter and crude protein were the highest in group Ⅳ, and the content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were the lowest. The final weight and average daily gain of goats were significantly increased, and feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased by 20% Se-enriched diet (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that the suitable ratio of sheep manure, ryegrass, corn and Se-enriched Cardamine violifolia residue for fermentation is 25∶65∶5∶5, which can improve the growth performance of goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The study aimed to analyze the composition of rhizosphere soil bacterial community in different growth stages of Fructus aurantii and its relationship with soil environmental factors, reveal the key environmental factors that affect the structure of soil bacterial community, and provide scientific guidance for rational cultivation management and soil cultivation of F. aurantii. [Method] The rhizosphere soil samples of F. aurantii at flowering, fruit setting, harvesting and overwintering stage were collected respectively. Then the diversity index and community composition of bacteria was determined by high-throughput sequencing technology. The soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were measured by chemical analysis methods. The correlations between bacterial community structure and factors were analyzed by R software. [Result]The soil pH was significantly higher in the harvesting stage than in other stages(P<0.05,the same as below) ; The total nitrogen, available potassium and activity of catalase were significantly higher in fruit setting stage than in flowering and harvesting stage. A total of29 240 bacterial OTUs were obtained by high-throughput sequencing, which belonged to 409 genus, 253 families, 158 orders, 72 classes and 24 phyla. The Chaol index was higher in fruit setting stage than other stages. At phylum level, the dominant was Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes, which accounted for 82. 53 % - 88. 49%. At the genus level, the dominant was Sphingomonas,RB41,MNDJ,Nitrospira,Subgroup_lO,Haliangium,Bryobacter and Dongia, which accounted for 13.16% -19. 49%. The abundance of Dongia was higher in fruit setting stage than other stages, while the Subgroup_JO was significantly increased in overwintering stage. The correlation analysis showed that the abundance of Haliangium, Bryobacter, Lysobacter were significantly positively correlated with pH, organic matter and activity of urease, while the Subgroup_JO was significantly negatively correlated with available nitrogen. [Conclusion] The rhizosphere soil nutrients, activities of enzymes and bacteria community composition were dynamically changed at growth stages, and the bacterial community structure was mainly determined by soil pH and available nitrogen in F. aurantii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are widely used to remove the pests and weeds for the high grain yield in crop planting systems. However, the sustainable production has been restricted by some negative impacts on the soil and ecological environment. Fortunately, a new conservation tillage measure, covering crop planting can be adopted to realize the sustainable development of agriculture. This review aims to explore the research progress on benefits and rational selection of cover crops in agricultural production. A visual analysis with the keyword "cover crops" was firstly performed on the current research status using the CNKI database. It was found that the current number of publications increased to reach a peak in 2020. The research fields of cover crops included basic agricultural science, crop science, agronomy, plant protection, biology, environmental science and resource utilization. Cover crops method has been the multidisciplinary research object. The current research of cover crops was focused mainly on the impact of cover crops on the soil and subsequent crops, including the soil organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration, weed and pest inhibition, the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties, and the impact on soil microbial activity. A systematic summery was proposed to clarify the effects of cover crops on the soil nutrients, moisture, pH value, physical indicators (including soil bulk density and total porosity), biological indicators (including soil enzyme activity and soil microbial diversity), and environmental factors (including greenhouse gas emissions, heavy metals, and water environment). In addition, the rest benefits of cover crops were also involved as well. Cover crops method were taken as a new strategy to achieve the sustainable agricultural production with the high yield of main crops, in order to produce numerous ecological service functions, such as reducing soil erosion and nutrient loss. However, there were great differences in the natural resource endowments, such as the climate in the north and south of China. Not all cover crops were produced better ecological service functions in different places. Particularly, cover crops were also led to some adverse impacts under the stress of some natural conditions, such as the reduced crop yield and the increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the local field microclimate, the selection of varieties, planting time and mode, when selecting cover crops. Moreover, the spread of cover crops was limited by the selection of cover crops, setting, termination, economic benefits, and uncertainty in the large-scale areas. Finally, the field management of cover crops and related subsidy policies were essential to the water quality optimization, soil erosion reduction, and soil carbon and greenhouse gas emissions reduction without significant yield reduction. The function of cover crops was attributed to the multiple factors, of which the influencing factor was precipitation. Furthermore, the cover crop traits were closely related to the temperature, evapotranspiration, and short growing season in the large-scale popularization. Therefore, the types of cover crops were recommended suitable for the different regions of China, together with their ecological functions and models. To sum up, this review can provide an essential basis for the rational selection and large-scale popularization of cover crops in the agricultural planting system, in order to improve the farmland ecological environment and sustainable development of agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, eggplant straw was used as the raw composting material. Treatments with 300 kg·hm-2 of microbial inoculant A(a1); no microbial inoculant(ct); and 300(b1), 600 kg·hm-2(b2), and 900 kg·hm-2(b3) of microbial inoculant B were used to conduct 30-day in situ composting experiments in vegetable greenhouses. The physical and chemical indicators of compost were determined, and the bacterial community structure during the composting process was analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. The results demonstrated that the addition of microbial inoculants could increase the peak temperature of the compost, increase the rate of pH drop and conductivity rise during composting, significantly increase the total phosphorus content(P<0.05), and accelerate compost maturity. The total nitrogen content of groups a1, ct, b1, and b2 increased by 10.8%, 11.6%, 33.0%, and 18.5%, respectively, and those of b3 group did not change after composting. The total phosphorus content of treatments a1, ct, b1, b2, and b3 were 2.0%, 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, and 2.1% after composting, respectively, and treatment b2 was significantly higher than that of the other treatments(P<0.05). Microbial inoculants did not transform the categories of dominant flora but significantly transformed the proportion of high-quality flora and the genus and abundance of dominant bacteria in the compost soil(P<0.05). Redundancy analysis(RDA) revealed that total nitrogen was strongly correlated with Firmicutes, and total phosphorus and electrical conductivity were strongly correlated with Actinobacteria. Spearman analysis demonstrated that electrical conductivity, water content and total phosphrous content were the three most significant factors associated with the predominant microbial flora in topsoil compost. Our results indicate that the addition of microbial inoculants is beneficial to improve the proportion of high-quality flora, enhance the diversity of microbial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to screen strains with excellent disease-controlling and plant growth-promoting properties from healthy pepper rhizosphere and apply them to bio-barrier soil, so as to provide probiotic resources for biocontrol of pepper root rot. The plate confrontation method was used to screen biocontrol strains to Fusarium solani, the causal agent of pepper root rot. The nitrogen fixation, phosphate solution, potassium solution, 3-indole acetic acid(IAA), siderophore, cellulase, and protease producing capacity and degradation of phenolic acids of the strains were measured. The actinomycetes were identified by morphological, physiological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In field experiments, plant growth-promoting effects were analyzed by measuring pepper yield and disease index of root rot. A total of six strains of biocontrol actinomycetes showed an antagonistic effect on F. solani. Strain G-1 was explored for the strongest inhibition rates to the five pathogens of the vegetable in greenhouse, and the superior characters of IAA, siderophore, cellulase, protease producing, organic-phosphorus dissociation and degradation of phenolic acids. Combined with colony morphological, physiological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree analysis, strain G-1 was identified as Streptomyces fradiae. In-situ field experiment showed that the strain G-1 had obvious disease prevention effect on pepper Fusarium root rot(P<0.05). It had certain growth-promoting effect on pepper plants, and G-1 increased the yield of pepper by 31.04%. S. fradiae(G-1) is considered a probiotic resource for pepper green agriculture, and we provide superior microbial inoculants that cater to the yield of pepper and the biocontrol of Fusarium root rot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To explore the effect of dissolved carbon source and solid carbon source on the biological flocculent culture of Litopenaeus vannamei, five different carbon source matching groups were set up:peanut shell powder group, brown sugar group, peanut shell powder ∶ brown sugar (1 ∶1) group, peanut shell powder ∶ brown sugar (2 ∶1) group and peanut shell powder ∶ brown sugar (1 ∶ 2) group to carry out the culture test of Penaeus vannamei for 40 days, and the water quality was monitored every 4 days. At the end of the experiment, glutathione-s transferase activity was measured in the hepatopancreas of shrimp, and high-throughput sequencing analysis was carried out on the suction filter membrane to explore the effects of different types of carbon sources and different proportions on the water quality, shrimp growth performance, microbial diversity, and community structure in the biological flocculent culture system. The results showed that in the aspect of water quality control, the ammonia nitrogen of peanut shell powder ∶ brown sugar (2 ∶1) group remained at a low level throughout the whole test cycle, and the peak value of ammonia nitrogen was only (2. 43±0. 45) mg / L, while that of peanut shell powder group with the largest peak value of ammonia nitrogen was as high as (9. 80±0. 35) mg / L; nitrite nitrogen showed an upward trend in the control group, and the concentration in the biological floc group increased firstly and then decreased. The inflection point of concentration change in peanut shell powder ∶brown sugar (2 ∶1) group was earlier than that in other treatment groups; In the nitrate nitrogen level, except for the control group, the other biological flocs showed an upward trend. The nitrate nitrogen concentration in the peanut shell powder ∶brown sugar (2 ∶1) group was as high as (17. 84±1. 20) mg / L at the end of the experiment; In the analysis of microbial community, Paracoccus is the main dominant bacteria at the genus level. The use of mixed carbon sources not only improved the microbial community of the aquaculture system α Diversity abundance (Sobs, Chaol, ACE) also changed the composition and structure of the microbial community; The use of carbon source can improve the glutathione-s transferase activity of shrimp and promote the growth and survival of shrimp, among which the peanut shell powder ∶ brown sugar (2 ∶ 1) group has the best growth performance. The research shows that the mixed use of dissolved carbon sources and solid carbon sources can promote the cultivation of biological flocs, improve the water quality control effect and promote the growth of shrimp. It is a feasible scheme for the construction of biological flocs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial agents, made from one or more microorganisms, are biological products with high vitality and specific effects, they are used in crop planting, livestock and poultry breeding, aquaculture, and the safe treatment of agricultural organic wastes. Microbial agents have the functions such as improvement of soil properties, increase of crop yields, efficient fermentation of fecal waste, release of nutrients, regulation of ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture waters, improvement of water quality, and degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. Through literature reading and collation, in this article, the types of microbial agents and the preparation of microbial agents were introduced, and the research progress of different types of microbial agents and the application methods of microbial agents(microbial agents alone or in combination) on the application effects on soil enzyme activity, quantity of soil microorganisms, agronomic traits of crops, photosynthetic efficiency, yield and quality were elaborated. It was noted that the research on microbial agents should mainly focus on the selection and breeding of good strains, effective ingredients and reasonable combinations, and the evaluation of application effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of maize stover can be generated per year in recent years. Sustainable treatments of maize stover can be expected to produce the renewable energy. Among them, anaerobic digestion is a friendly biotechnology to recover the renewable energy from maize stover. Especially, the psychrophilic anaerobic digestion can only require less energy input, compared with the commonly-used mesophilic and thermophilic digestors. However, a psychrophilic environment can inhibit the microbial activity, causing the low efficiency of methane production. In this study, the bioaugmentation of psychrophilic propionate-degrading consortia (the mixture of propionic-degrading consortia and acetogenic methanogen) was conducted to boost the anaerobic digestion of corn straw in psychrophilic batch reactors, with the different dosages of 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, and 18% at low temperature (20 °C). The concentrated indigenous inoculum with the dosage of 18% was introduced as the control. The reactor performance, microbial metabolites, and microbial community dynamics were analyzed to investigate the optimum dosage and mechanism. The results showed that the bioaugmentation consortia was improve the methane production rate under a psychrophilic anaerobic environment, as evidenced by 1.27 to 2.24 times increase in the bioaugmented groups, compared with the control (without bioaugmentation). The bioaugmentation dosage in the range of 3% to 12% was positively correlated with the methane yields. The optimal dose was 12%, with the methane yields of 134.1 mL/g VS. The accumulative methane yield was 2.35 times higher than that of the control. By contrast, there was no increase in the methane yields within the higher bioaugmentation dosage (i.e., 15%-18%). The modified Gompertz model showed that the concentrated indigenous inoculum was reduced the lag phase from 3.501 to 12.509 days, indicating the necessity of bioaugmentation with the key microbial consortia to boost the methane yields. Bioaugmentation inocula with the propionate-degrading consortia was shorten the lag phase from 0.716 to 12.509 days, whereas, there was the increase in the maximum methane production rate from 2.445 to 17.929 mL CH4/(gVS·d). Meanwhile, the psychrophilic environment was caused the acetate accumulation up to 4.43 g/L. At the same time, the propionate concentrations were kept at 3.88 g/L in the control reactor in the whole experimental process. Conversely, the bioaugmentation with psychrotrophic propionate-degrading consortia was accelerated the VFAs degradations, especially the acetate and propionate, which was 53.03%-90.71% less than that of the control reactor. Moreover, the acetate and propionate were fully degraded within the first 9 days in the bioaugmented reactors with 9%-15% dosage, indicating the important role of bioaugmented consortia in the scavenging propionate and acetate. Microbial analysis showed that the bioaugmentation increased the relative abundance of taxa (e.g., Proteocatella, Smithella, Peptococcaceae) for the hydrolysis and acetogenesis process. The dominant methanogens in the bioaugmented reactors were represented by acetoclastic methanogens (i.e., Methanothrix and Methanosarcina) and hydrogenotrophic methanogen (Methanobrevibacter), indicating the key contributions to increase the methane yield under psychrotrophic environment. Consequently, the bioaugmentation consortia can generate a domino effect, where acetate levels were reduced first and other VFAs degradation became thermodynamics feasible, leading to the balance between VFAs degradation and methane production. This finding can provide the evidence and guidance to improve the psychrophilic anaerobic digestion through bioaugmentation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to explore the effect of adding different additives to oat grass on quality and in vitro digestibility of oat grass silage. Eight groups were set up in experiment, which were control group (CK group, the oat grass silage alone), U group (4.0 g/kg urea), LAB group (2 mg/kg lactic acid bacteria preparation), CE group (50 mg/kg cellulase), U-L group (0.4% urea + 2 mg/kg lactic acid bacteria preparation), U-C group (0.4% urea + 50 mg/kg cellulase), L-C group (2 mg/kg lactic acid bacteria preparation + 50 mg/kg cellulase) and ULC group (0.4% urea + 2 mg/kg lactic acid bacteria preparation + 50 mg/kg cellulase), respectively, with three replicates in each group. Silage in dark for 45 d at room temperature (20~30 °), and tested the silage quality and in vitro digestibility of oats silage. The results showed that the content of dry matter, crude protein and soluble carbohydrate in each test group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.05), and the content of dry matter and crude protein in ULC group were the highest, which were 37.33% and 12.85%, respectively, which were 9.18% and 35.83% higher than those in control group, the soluble carbohydrate content of ULC group was 2.27 times higher than that of control group. The content of lactic acid in each treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05), the content of lactic acid in ULC group was the highest (7.74%), and the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen was significantly lower than that in each group (P<0.05). The number of lactic acid bacteria in each test group was significantly higher than that in CK group (P<0.05), and the number of lactic acid bacteria in ULC group and U-L group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05), which were 6.83, 6.41 lgCFU/g respectively, and no mold was detected in both groups. The dry matter digestibility of ULC group at 24 h and 48 h was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), 66.34% and 73.25%, respectively. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber in U-L group was the highest at 24 h (33.49%), and that in ULC group was the highest at 48 h (56.17%). The experiment indicates that different additives and their combinations can improve the silage quality and in vitro digestibility of silage oats. The effect of adding ULC combination (urea + lactic acid bacteria preparation + cellulase) is the best, and the silage oats obtained by fermentation have the highest feeding value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nitrogen is one of the most essential elements for crop growth. Nitrogen fertilizer has been widely applied to increase crop yields. At the same time, a large number of negative impacts have posed a great threat to the ecological environment in recent years. Among them, nitrogen leaching can be attributed to the excessive application of chemical fertilizers in farmland. Fortunately, the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers can be expected to effectively reduce soil nitrogen leaching in normal fertilization during agricultural production at present. Therefore, this study aims to explore the combination application mode of organic and chemical fertilizers with a low risk of nitrogen leaching in farmland. The search terms were selected as chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and nitrogen leaching using the two databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science. The peer-reviewed and published papers were then obtained up to January 2022. Finally, a total of 35 papers (22 papers from Web of Science, 13 papers from CNKI) and 331 effective data pairs were collected after screening for the combination application of organic and chemical fertilizers in farmland. The target variables were taken as the total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 - -N), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), while the chemical fertilizer was the control. After that, Metawin 2.1 software was used to determine the overall effects of the total amount of fertilization, fertilization structure (organic fertilizer substitution ratio), fertilization time (basic topdressing), and the types of organic fertilizers on the nitrogen leaching, where the chemical fertilizer was as the control. The results showed that there was a significant influence of the above fertilization behavior on nitrogen leaching. Once the total amount of nitrogen was less than 200 kg/hm2, the leaching of TN and NO3 - -N in farmland decreased by 36.77% and 65.05%, respectively. When the substitution ratio of organic fertilizers was higher than 70%, the TN leaching was reduced by 39.64%, whereas the risk of dissolved DON leaching increased by 15.78%. Especially, there was a 26.31% increase in DON leaching in the application of animal-based organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers. Correspondingly, the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced the leaching of TN and NO3 - -N by 43.58% and 70.51%(P<0.05), respectively. A certain impact was also found in the soil pH and land use patterns on nitrogen leaching. For example, the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on the alkaline dryland soil effectively inhibited the leaching of TN and NO3 - -N, whereas, there was an increase in the leaching of DON by 26.63%-42.95%. Nitrogen leaching in dryland was dominated by the NO3 - -N leaching. By contrast, the emission factor (EF) was higher than that in the paddy field. The increasing replacement ratio of organic fertilizers can be expected to greatly reduce the soil nitrogen leaching in dryland, but to enhance the DON leaching. In addition, the Matlab software was used to analyze the importance of factors using the random forest model. Specifically, the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer demonstrated a dominant effect on TN leaching. There was also the more important effect of the nitrogen application level on the NO3 - -N and DON leaching. Therefore, the low level of nitrogen application and the high substitution ratio of animal-based organic fertilizers can be used to effectively reduce the soil nitrogen leaching loss in the alkaline dryland, compared with the chemical fertilizers only. The finding can provide the practical basis for the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers in farmland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To clarify the effects of different microbial inoculants on biomass of continuous cropping A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and soil fungal community structure. [Methods] Four treatments were set up using A. membranaceus var. mongholicus as test material, ETS compound inoculant (ETS), Doveite antibacterial inoculant (DWTK), multifunctional vitamin bacterial inoculant (WSS) and blank control (CK). The biomass of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was measured. And high-throughput sequencing technology was used to examine the fungal community structure in the soil. [Results] The biomass of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus above ground tissues and roots was significantly (P<0.05) increased by DWTK treatment, with above ground biomass increased by 17.5% and root biomass increased by 18.4%, compared with CK. The three microbial inoculants clearly improved the soil fungal community. Among them, the number of soil fungi OTU in DWTK treatment was substantially higher than that of CK and WSS treatment, and the fungal groups were more abundant. In comparison to the other three treatments, the DWTK treatment significantly reduced the abundance of pathogenic fungi Fusarium and increased the abundance of Gibberella. [Conclusion] Doveite antibacterial inoculant effectively improved the structure of rhizosphere fungi community of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, reduced the number of pathogenic fungi, and increased the number of fungi. It was advantageous to strengthen the continuous cropping A. membranaceus var. mongholicus disease resistance and boost the biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of the mixing ratio of Leymus chinensis and Allium mongolicum on quality of silage. The experiment was based on fresh weight of silage raw materials, and set five groups: Group T1 (100% Leymus chinensis), group T2 (75% Leymus chinensis + 25% Allium mongolicum), group T3 (50% Leymus chinensis + 50% Allium mongolicum), group T4 (25% Leymus chinensis +75% Allium mongolicum), group T5 (100% Allium mongolicum), mixed silage of Leymus chinensis and Allium mongolicum. After 60 d of silage, the bags were opened for sensory evaluation, nutritional quality and fermentation quality determination. The results showed that group T5 sensory evaluation was good, and the rest of the treatment groups were excellent. With the increase of ratio of Allium mongolicum, the content of DM and NDF in each group decreased significantly ( P<0.05), and the content of ADF gradually increased (P<0.05). The CP, EE and WSC content of group T5 were the highest, and ash content of group T1 was the highest. Different proportions of silage in Allium mongolicum and Leymus chinensis could significantly reduce pH value and ammonia nitrogen content of silage (P<0.05), significantly increase the content of lactic acid and acetic acid (P<0.05). The study indicates that considering group T4 is the optimal treatment, which can be applied to production practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Silage is an important livestock feed resource, which plays an important role in the development of animal husbandry, which is processed by anaerobic fermentation of microorganisms on the leaf surface to better preserve nutrients. Lactobacillus is main microorganism in silage, which can produce lactic acid by fermentation with soluble sugar, reduce pH value of silage, create acidic environment quickly, inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms and improve the fermentation quality of silage. The paper reviews the research and application of lactic acid bacteria in silage from different sources, to provide reference for the development and application of lactic acid bacteria preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study effect of silage quality and biological feed on aerobic stability of TMR in dairy cows. Corn silage was divided into non-secondary fermentation and secondary fermentation. 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg biological feed were added in TMR diet. The temperature change and mold growth of TMR at room temperature were measured. The results showed that silage with non-secondary fermentation, the temperature of TMR with biological feed addition of 100, 200 and 300 g/kg was extremely lower than that in control group (P<0.01). The growth of mold was significantly lower than that in control group in testing 24~48 h (P<0.05). Silage with secondary fermentation, the temperature in TMR group with biological feed addition of 100, 200 and 300 g/kg was extremely lower than that in control group (P<0.01). The growth of mold was significantly lower than that in control group in testing 24~48 h (P<0.05). The temperature and total number of molds of TMR with secondary fermentation were higher than those including silage with non-secondary fermentation. The experiment indicates that the aerobic stability of TMR is reduced by silage with secondary fermentation, and the aerobic stability of TMR can be significantly improved by adding 100 mg/kg biological feed into TMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] To provide scientific basis for green and healthy cultivation of Amorphophallus konjac, the effects of different microbial inoculants usage on the quality and the yield of konjac and the cultivated soil were studied. [Method] The test set up with 4 treatments. T1 was the control without applying the microbial inoculant, the other three treatments (T2, T1 and T4) were the treatments using the microbial inoculant by 100-fold, 300-fold and 500-fold dilution respectively. The dosage was 200 mL · plant-land applied three times. Soil microbial colonies number, enzyme activity, nutrient content, the growth, the yield and the quality of konjac were measured regularly. [Results] The colonies number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycete in the T2 soil at 15, 3 0 and 60 days after application of microbial inoculant were higher than that of T1 (CK). The protease activity (772. 8 U) of T2 was the highest at 60 days, which was 44. 6% higher than that of T1 (CK). The activities of sucrase, urease and neutral phosphatase of T2 were the highest, compared with T1 (CK), at 15 days increased by 104. 3%, 88. 71 %, 224. 95%, at 30 days by 35. 29%, 34. 91%, 20. 00%, at 60 days by 56. 93%, 9. 36%, 28. 90% respectively. The organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of konjac rhizosphere soil increased compared with the control T1 (CK) after fertilizing microbial inoculant, especially in the treatment T2, which increased by 5. 21%, 18. 91%, 18. 74% and 4.42%, respectively. The plant height, rhizome number, root length and root weight of T2 were the highest, which were 4. 5 cm, 4. 5, 6. 5 cm, and 92. 17 g more than T1 ( CK), respectively. The maximum yield per plant in treatment T4 was 0. 432 kg, and the growth coefficient was 6. 55, and the yield was 31455 kg·hm-2, which was the increase of 12. 41 % over T1 (CK). The maximum percentage of rotten and dead plants of the treatment T2 was 29. 17%. The maximum fresh taro viscosity and maximum glucomannan content of T2 were 1950 mPa·s and 18. 51 %, respectively, which were 600 mPa ·s and 4. 45% higher than that of T1 (CK). The maximum protein content of T4 was 10. 79 %, which was 3. 76 % higher than T1 (CK). [Conclusion] After the application of microbial inoculants, the number of culturable microorganisms and protease activity, sucrase activity, urease activity and neutral phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere of konjac soil increased, and the decomposition and transformation of soil organic matter accelerated, which further promoted konjac to grow better and increased the viscosity, glucomannan and protein content of konjac bulbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The study aimed to study the effects of special microbial inoculums for jujube on soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities of different jujube orchards in arid regions, and to provide scientific basis for rational fertilization of jujube orchards according to local conditions. [Method] Brown desert soil and irrigated soil jujube orchard were selected as the research objects. Six microbial inoculants were combined for treatment, soil samples were collected, soil chemical characteristics and soil enzyme activities were measured, and single factor analysis of variance and redundancy were performed analysis. [Result] For different types of Jun jujube orchard soil, the special microbial inoculum of jujube could reduce soil pH, improve soil nutrient utilization and soil enzyme activity; The same microbial inoculum had different effects on different soil types, but In general, the special microbial inoculum for jujube had a better effect on the soil of Jun orchard, a type of irrigation silt, which indicated that the selection of special microbial inoculum for jujube needs to consider the soil type; Soil enzyme activity was closely related to soil organic matter and available phosphorus nutrients. [Conclusion] The effects of different fungicide treatments on soil nutrients and enzyme activities are different, but overall it is conducive to the improvement of soil nutrient conversion and utilization and the improvement of soil enzyme activities, but the application effect will vary depending on the soil type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Microorganisms of the genus Thiobacillus extreme acidophilus play an important role in biometallurgy, biological desulfurization and solid waste disposal, but the cell concentration of this type of microorganisms is very low during the culture process, which limits the wide application of this type of microorganisms. High-density cultivation is an effective means to improve the efficiency of microbial production. The application of high-density culture technology in acidophilic microorganisms can significantly reduce the production cost of microbial culture, shorten the production cycle, and the output rate of the microbial inoculants of Thiobacillus extreme acidophilus. This article summarizes the research status of high-density culture of Thiobacillus extreme acidophilus from strain selection, culture conditions and culture methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Discharge of aquaculture wastewater from large-scale pig farms has become one of the major pollution sources for agricultural non-point sources in China. After the treatment of anaerobic fermentation for aquaculture wastewater, most of the COD is removed, but the concentration of NH4+ -N is still very high, leading to the production of biogas slurry with the low ratio of C/N and high strength of ammonia nitrogen. If the concentration of NH4 + -N was high beyond the threshold of conventional denitrification microorganisms, the enrichment difficulty with the seriously unbalanced C/N ratio can occur, while, the low organic matter also affects the removal of total nitrogen. Therefore, it is highly demanding to explore a new biological treatment technology that suitable for this kind of biogas slurry, in order to ensure the sustainable development of industrial aquaculture in animal husbandry. In view of the water quality characteristics of oligotrophic and high ammonia nitrogen, a novel process was proposed to combine three-dimensional rotating biological contactor (3D-RBC) and biological contact oxidation (BCO) reactor using the oligotrophic heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) mixed bacteria with high tolerance of ammonia nitrogen as microbial inoculants for the treatment of piggery biogas slurry wastewater. The removal efficiency of pollutants was also evaluated in the combination process under the condition of actual biogas slurry. An emphasis was put on the effects of concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) and C/N ratio on the removal of pollutant during the treatment. A high-throughput sequencing technology was selected to analyze the change of microbial community structure in optimization process of DO and C/N ratio. The results showed that: (1) In the case of actual biogas slurry, the start-up of 3D-RBC and BCO reactors can be completed in 12d and 18d, respectively, when using the HN-AD mixed bacteria as microbial inoculants for the biofilm formation. The removal efficiency of COD, NH4 + -N, and TN in the combined process were 94.8%, 95.7% and 80.1%, respectively, and the effluent water quality can reach the level of Class I-B according the national standard GB 18918-2002. (2) During the optimization of DO and C/N ratios in the 3D-RBC reactor, the removal rates of COD, NH4 + -N, and TN were reduced by 25.4%, 15.4%, and 15.5%, respectively, particularly after the addition of the bottom exposure. There was no significantly increase in the removal efficiency of COD, NH4 + -N, TN, and TP, whereas, the energy consumption of aeration increased in the combination process. The combined process can be especially suitable to treat the biogas slurry with the low C/N ratio and high concentration of nitrogen. The improved C/N ratio can lead to the decrease in the removal rate of TN, while, increase the cost of carbon in the treatment of 3D-RBC. (3) The biodiversity in the 3D-RBC disc biofilm decreased slightly after the addition of bottom exposure, but the variety and abundance of the dominant genus HN-AD decreased significantly, leading to a decrease in the removal efficiency of nitrogen. When C/N=1 and C/N=3, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter have relatively high abundance, whereas, its abundance decreased significantly while the nitrogen removal efficiency decreased, when C/N increased to 6. The oligotrophic Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas bacteria can serve as the key materials for the efficient removal of nitrogen from actual biogas slurry in the 3D-RBC. It infers that the decrease of C/N ratio can significantly enhance its abundance, and thereby improve the nitrogen removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize stover resources were abundant in China. Composting was one of the important utilization methods of maize stover, but it had problems such as a long cycle and serious loss of carbon and nitrogen nutrients. There were few studies on the use of cellulose-degrading enzyme preparation and synergetic treatment of microorganism and enzyme for the fertilizer of maize stover. In particular, the effect of co-processing on the loss of carbon and nitrogen and the conversion of nutrients was rarely reported. This study was committed to clarify the effect of cellulose-degrading microorganism, cellulose-degrading enzyme and cooperation between microorganism and enzyme in stover composting test. Three functional microorganisms Luteimonas sp. X11-1, Aspergillus flavus Z5-3, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum Z8-2 existed in the cellulose-degrading microbial inoculum. The cellulose-degrading enzyme preparation was developed by Institute of Agricultural Chemistry of Zhejiang University. Its hydroxymethyl cellulose activity was 4.21×10³ U/g, the optimum temperature was 40-60℃, and the inactivation temperature was 80℃. There are four stover composting treatments, which are separately added microbial inoculant (volume fraction 15%), enzyme preparation (mass fraction 0.8%), microbial inoculant and enzyme preparation (volume fraction 15% inoculum + 0.8% mass fraction), and not adding microorganism or enzyme as a control. The stacking temperature, pH value, carbon loss, nitrogen loss, nutrient content and compost maturity were surveyed and analyzed during the composting. The results showed that addition microorganism alone and addition enzyme alone entered the high temperature 2 days earlier than the control. The synergetic treatment entered the high temperature period 3 days earlier than the control, and the maximum temperature was 0.7-1.9℃ higher than other treatments. During the composting process the pH value of each treatment increased at first and then decreased. Compared with the control, the cumulative release of CO2 and NH3 by addition microorganism alone, addition enzyme alone and synergetic treatment were showed a downward trend. The cumulative release of CO2 and NH3 of synergetic treatment was the lowest and significantly lower than other. Carbon losses of addition microorganism alone, adding enzyme alone and synergetic treatment were 18.92%-23.91% respectively, which were 37.24%-50.34% lower than that of the control; nitrogen losses were 15.51%-19.25%, which were 54.19%-63.09% lower than that of the control. Among them, the carbon and nitrogen losses of the materials processed by synergistic treatment are the lowest. It means that the synergistic treatment of microorganism and enzyme was more beneficial to the reduction of carbon and nitrogen loss. At the end of composting, the mass fractions of total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, and available potassium of microbial inoculant treatment, enzyme preparation treatment, and synergetic treatment were increased 34.48%-62.93%, 71.43%-117.14%, 10.76%-15.65%, 17.10%-23.23%, respectively, in which the nutrient conversion effect of the material by synergistic treatment was the best. Addition microorganism alone, addition enzymes alone, and synergistic treatment could shorten matured compost times which advanced 10, 16 and 18 days. The above results showed that addition of microbial inoculant alone, addition enzymes preparation alone and synergistic treatment could shorten the composting time and promote the nutrient transformation of materials. In summary, the synergistic treatment of microorganism and enzyme was beneficial to decrease the loss of carbon and nitrogen, promote nutrient transformation and shorten compost maturity time, which was the best treatment. The results can provide the theoretical basis for co-processing of microorganism and enzyme in stover composting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research of Environmental Sciences is the property of Research of Environmental Sciences Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to explore the effects of 2 kinds of biomass improver, corn straw and EM inoculants on soil erosion factors (rainfallerodibility R and soil erodibility K) in southwest China, this paper used the micro plot (1 m x 1 m) and unified the slope, used 2 kinds of biomass improver in ration and set the original soil to observe and analyze the changes of runoff and sediment and the changes of physical and chemical properties on soil. The results show that both of the 2 improved methods compared with original soil have the function of reducing soil erosion: in the rainy season (from June to October), soil erosion under the straw returning to field decreases by 52. 8%, 53%, 63%, 62. 1% and 63. 5% respectively, and soil erosion under the microbial inoculant application decreases by 34%, 33. 9%, 43. 7%, 39. 2% and 41. 3% respectively; percent of soil erosion degree: straw returning to field < microbial inoculant application < original control, soil erosion amount and soil erosion factors show good correlation, the ranges of correlation coefficient are 0. 733 7-0. 993 1 and 0. 692 1-0. 974 3 respectively, and the 2 different ways of straw returning and microbial inoculant application can significantly reduce K value, the numerical ranges are 0. 215 8-0. 249 6 and 0. 297 9-0. 320 4 respectively. The comprehensive analysis shows that the soil erosion and soil erosion factors are significantly correlated with the biomass improvement and the effect of R on soil erosion in the center of Yunnan Province is greater than that of K; 2 kinds of biomass soil improvement methods can effectively enhance soil corrosion resistance and the consolidation effect of straw returning to field is greater than that of the microbial inoculant application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]