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Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Liquidambar formosana is an excellent landscape ecological tree species because its beautiful tree shape and red or orange leaves in autumn. In order to understand the genetic basis of discoloration and secondary metabolism of L. formosana leaves, the mixed samples of L. formosana leaves in five leaf discoloration stages were used for full-length transcriptome sequencing using single-molecule real-time sequencing technology(PacBio platform). The results were as follows:(1)High-quality 41.04 Gb data were obtained by full-length transcriptome sequencing, from which 563 180 full-length non-chimeric sequences were identified, and 27 269 high-quality full-length transcripts were obtained by clustering and de-redundancy. In 27 269 full-length transcripts, 2 035 long-chain non-coding RNA(lncRNA)were predicted, and 14 892 simple sequence repeat(SSR)sites and 1 856 transcription factors were detected.(2)The results of gene annotation showed that a total of 24 857 transcripts were annotated in eight databases such as NR, GO, COG and KEGG, etc., 124 metabolic pathways were obtained in KEGG database, including ribosome, carbon metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and so on, and 49 and 71 transcripts were involved in flavonoid and chlorophyll metabolism respectively. The above results preliminarily reveal the transcriptome information and functional characteristics of L. formosana leaves during the leaf discoloration stage, and provide basic data for the follow-up study of the molecular mechanism of leaf discoloration, the pathway and regulation of pigment metabolism and synthesis, the cloning of related functional genes and the improvement of leaf color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the influence of low temperature on the seed-setting rate and physiological characteristics, and alleviating effect of exogenous melatonin (MT) on low temperature stress at the booting stage, 2 different cold tolerance rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Longjing 11 (cold sensitive, LJ11) and Longdao 5 (cold tolerant, LD5) were planted for a pot experiment. They were treated with low temperature (16 °C) and 100 μmolµL-1 melatonin (MT) spraying respectively at starching stage, and the same amount of water sprayed at outdoor temperature was used as control. The results showed that under low temperature stress, the seed setting rate of LD5 did not change much, the seed setting rate of LJ11 decreased significantly by 5.96%-45.26%. And in the leaves of both LD5 and LJ11, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents were significantly increased, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities significantly increased. At the same time, low temperature stress could also increase the contents of osmotic regulators. The contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline in the leaves both of LD5 and LJ11 were significantly increased, respectively. Foliar spraying of exogenous MT could effectively alleviate the damage of low temperature to rice, and the effect was more obvious on cold-sensitive varieties. It could significantly reduce the contents of MDA and H2O2, and it could significantly increase SOD and POD activities. In addition, the soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline contents of LJ11 significantly increased. Foliar spraying of exogenous MT could also reduce the effect of low temperature on the seed setting rate, and the seed setting rate of LJ11 significantly increased by 3.13%-16.64%. In conclusion, under low temperature stress, MT could induce the increase of antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment substances in rice leaves, and effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species, thereby improving the cold resistance of rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular mechanism of tobacco growth inhibition induced by boron stress was not clear yet. The tobacco ' K326' at 8 leaves stage as experimental materials were cultured in Hoagland solutions with 0, 0.05, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00 mmol⋅L-1 boron, respectively. After 4 weeks of treatment, the contents of total sugar, protein, chlorophyll, H2O2, boron and the antioxidant enzyme activities in tobacco leaves were detected. The transcriptome sequencing technology was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the significantly enriched metabolic pathways responding to boron stress in tobacco leaves. The results showed that, the higher the boron content, the more significant inhibition were found on the growth of tobacco plants. 2.00 mmol⋅L-1 boron treatment significantly inhibited the growth of roots, stems, and leaves of tobacco; and significantly inhibit carbohydrate metabolism, increase H2O2 contents, and enhance peroxidase (POD) activity in leaves. Compared with tobacco treated with normal Hoagland solution (0.05 mmol⋅L-1 boron), 389 DEGs that responded to 2.00 mmol⋅L-1 boron stress specifically were enriched in sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, hormone signaling, and plant disease resistance signaling pathways. It was found that the boron stress affected carbon and lipid metabolism in tobacco leaves, and inhibited tobacco growth by altering hormone signaling pathways. These results provided some basis for further understanding the mechanism of response to boron stress in tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】 Saline groundwater is a complementary water resource for irrigation in Xinjiang, but its application needs calculated management. The aim of this paper is to study the impact of saline water irrigation on soil salt content and physiology of greenhouse tomatoes. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in southern Xinjiang, and the crop was drip-irrigated using water with salinity at 2 g/L (T1), 4 g/L (T2), 6 g/L(T3) and 8 g/L (T4), respectively. Fresh water irrigation was taken as the control (CK). The irrigation amount and irrigation frequency in all the treatments were the same. In each treatment, we measured soil salt content and physiological indexes of the crop. 【Result】 Vertically, soil salt content decreased along the depth, regardless of the treatments; horizontally, soil salt accumulated in soil 20~40 cm away from the emitter. At the end of the growth period, salt accumulated predominantly in 20~60 cm soil layer. Salt accumulation area increased with the increase in irrigation water salinity. Irrigating with water salinity in 2~4 g/L promoted tomato growth and thickened its stems, despite of its insignificant effects on dry biomass. Increasing water salinity to 6~8 g/L inhibited crop growth. When water salinity was 2 g/L, the total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in the crop maximized. When water salinity was greater than 4 g/L, a large amount of active oxygen accumulated in organs exceeded the scavenging capacity of the protective enzymes. Irrigation when water salinity was in 2~4 g/L improved both fruit yield and quality. 【Conclusion】 Considering salt distribution and plant growth, groundwater with salinity in the range of 2 to 4 g/L can be used as a complementary water resource to irrigate greenhouse tomatoes in southern Xinjiang.

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tea Science is the property of Journal of Tea Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to explore the role of catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in plateau harsh environment adaptation of Tibet Rhodiola crenulata, RcCATs and RcSODs gene family members were analyzed by bioinformatics and qRT-PCR. Spot assay was conducted to study the responses of yeast cells expressing the RcCAT and RcSOD1 genes under abiotic stress. Yeast two-hybrid was conducted to screen interacting proteins from Arabidopsis yeast library respectively by constructing bait vectors of RcCAT and RcSOD1. The results were as follows:(1) There were two CAT genes(RcCAT), three SOD genes(RcSOD), and one Cu/Zn SOD copper chaperone gene(RcCCS). Bioinformatics analysis showed that the above six genes held high sequence identity(66.37%-94.51%) with other homologous species. All genes had no transmembrane domain and held multiple phosphorylation amino acides. Subcellular localization predicted that RcCATs were located in peroxisoma, RcSODs and RcCCS were located in cytoplasm or mitochondria.(2) qRT-PCR analysis showed that RcCATs and RcSODs were constitutively expressed in three organs like root, stem and leaf and held the high expression levels in leaf, and all genes expression levels could also be regulated by low temperature and plant hormones(ABA). RcCAT was significantly up-regulated under cold treatment condition with the highest expression in leaf more than two times higher than root. RcCAT, RcSOD2, RcSOD3 and RcCCS expression patterns were similar under ABA treatment condition.(3) In addition, spot assay showed that the recombinant RcCAT and RcSOD1 yeast cells showed a higher cell viability than the pYES2.0 yeast cells in under cold, hot, NaCl, Na2CO3, Co2+ and H2O2.(4) The pGBKT7-RcCAT and pGBKT7-RcSOD1 bait plasmid without toxicity and auto-activation were constructed to perform yeast two-hybrid screening, then four significant interactional genes with RcCAT were screened, which were AtbHLH121(AT3 G19860), AtCPCK2(AT2 G23070), AtGRP4(AT5 G50750) and AtRAPTOR1B(AT3 G08850). Total three significant interactional genes with RcSOD1 were screened, which were AtEMB(AT5 G11890), AtMBP2(AT1 G52030) and AtRH8(AT4 G00660). These results illustrate that RcCATs and RcSODs play an important role in regulating growth and promoting resistance to environmental stresses in Tibet Rhodiola crenulata, and laid the foundation for in-depth study of the adaptive mechanism of R. crenulata with plateau environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to evaluate the quality dynamics and fermentation quality of Broussonetia papyrifera silage. Silage was prepared by conventional methods, and sensory evaluation and routine nutrient determination were carried out at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 70 and 100 d of silage. Lactic acid bacteria count and pH value were measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 70, 100 d of silage, and three samples were taken from each treatment. The results showed that the quality of leaves did not change significantly during silage process. The leaves gradually showed a faint smell of on the 100th day of silage, and the color gradually changed from light green to dark green, the texture changed little during silage, and the sensory evaluation indexes were all at medium level. During silage, the content of lactic acid bacteria in Broussonetia papyrifera leaves decreased, and the number of lactic acid bacteria decreased to the lowest value at 100 d. During the whole silage, the pH value of feed showed a downward trend, but the rate of decrease was slow, and it dropped to 4.52 after 100 d of silage, indicating that the fermentation quality was at a medium level. With the prolongation of silage time, the water and soluble carbohydrates of Broussonetia papyrifera leaves silage decreased continuously within 30 d, and were significantly lower than those of raw materials on the 12th day (P<0.05). The level of ammonia nitrogen in leaves of arborvitae increased continuously, which was significantly higher than that of the raw material at 18 d (P<0.05). Within 30 d of silage, the content of crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were not significantly different from raw materials (P>0.05). The study indicates that the silage effect is not ideal when the silage is carried out by conventional silage method. It was suggested that the silage quality can be improved by mixing silage with other silage materials with higher soluble carbohydrate content, or adding suitable fermentation strains and controlling the pH value and temperature of silage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The effects of interaction between density and functional leaves on canopy photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of muskmelon were studied to provide a theoretical basis for planting high-yield and high-quality muskmelon in Ningxia. 【Method】 Taking thick skinned muskmelon, ‘Modified Xizhoumi’, as the experimental material, field experiments were carried out under different planting densities and the number of functional leaves. The canopy characteristics, photosynthetic indexes, quality indexes and yield of melon plants were measured. Combined with variance analysis and principal component analysis, the planting density and the number of functional leaves suitable for the cultivation of thick skinned muskmelon in Ningxia were studied.【Result】 Increased planting density significantly has increased plant height and leaf area, but had no significant effect on stem diameter; When the density was 36 000 plants/hm²（A3）, the transmitted photosynthetic active radiation is lower than 20 μmol/（m²·s）, the light interception rate was close to 100%, the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration are significantly decreased, the canopy transmittance was poor, and the light energy conversion efficiency was reduced, which was easy to cause canopy closure in the field. A2 B3（33 000 plants/hm², 29 leaves） treatment can not only maintain a high light interception rate, improve the net photosynthetic rate, and promote the healthy growth of plants, but also avoid canopy closure in the middle and lower parts of the canopy and reduce the efficiency of light energy conversion and other problems due to low light transmittance; In the fruit enlargement period, the chlorophyll content of middle leaves was the highest, and the chlorophyll content decreased with the increase of the number of leaves; The soluble solid value of each treatment center fluctuated from 18.95% to 19.43%. On the basis of ensuring the soluble solid content of melon, the soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and Vc content of A2 B3 treatment increased by 6.38%, 2.10% and 37.76% respectively compared with the control. The fruit quality was the best, and the yield was significantly higher than the control, reaching 98 698.86 kg/hm²;The principal component analysis of eight indicators, such as fruit quality and yield by membership function method and anti-membership function method showed that the comprehensive score of A2 B3 treatment was higher than that of other treatments, ranking first, which was 0.735. 【Conclusion】A2 B3 treatment improved the canopy environment of muskmelon plant population, improved the photosynthetic conversion efficiency, and was conducive to the accumulation of nutrients in muskmelon fruit and the increase of yield, which is recommended for local application and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was conducted to study the nutritional value of walnut leaves fermented under different conditions. Walnut leaves were used as raw material, with nitrogen source (urea), carbon source (molasses), fermentation time and fluid conditions form 13 categories (A~J3), to complete the walnut leaf fermentation, and detection of DM, CP, NDF, ADF and other nutrient content. Three adult Kazakh sheep with similar body weight and equipped with permanent rumen fistulas were selected. After seven days of pretrial period, the rumen degradation characteristics of DM, CP, NDF, ADF and OM in fermented walnut leaves were measured and calculated by nylon bag method. The results showed that the DM content of fermented walnut leaves in group B was significantly higher than that in group C and group H (P<0.05), the content of CP in fermented walnut leaves in group H was significantly higher than that in group J1 and group J3 (P<0.05). With the prolongation of fermentation time, the rumen degradation rate of various content of fermented walnut leaves increased gradually. At 72 h the rumen degradation rate of all content of fermented walnut leaves in group H was the highest, which was better than that in other groups. The potential degradation fraction potential degradation part of DM and CP in fermented walnut leaves, group H was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05), and the ED of DM and CP in fermented walnut leaves, group H was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The potential degradation part of NDF and OM potential degradation in fermented walnut leaves, group C and group H were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05)> and the ED of NDF and OM in fermented walnut leaves, group C, group H and group G were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that microbial treatment of walnut leaves can improve feed quality, rumen degradation rate of nutrients in walnut leaves and feed utilization efficiency of walnut leaves for Kazakh sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of different storage temperatures on post-harvest physiology and quality of feed mulberry leaves, the mulberry leaves were stored at room temperature 26, 8, 4, and 0 °C to analyse the changes of mulberry leaf color, respiratory intensity, weight loss rate, protein content, total sugar content and fat content. The results showed that compared with normal temperature storage, low temperature storage could prolong the storage time of feed mulberry leaves, reduce weight loss, reduce respiration, delay color change, delay the decrease time of total sugar, protein and fat content. Under low temperature condition, 0 °C would cause frostbite of mulberry leaves, and mulberry leaves lose use value. Mildew appeared in mulberry leaves after 20 d of storage at 8 °C. Storage at 4 °C could prolong the storage period of mulberry leaves to 40 d. The experiment indicates that the storage effect of mulberry leaves at 4 °C is better than that under other test conditions, so 4 °C is more suitable for storing feed mulberry leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research is the property of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives]Leaf color mutants are excellent materials for studying the photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis of plants. It can be used as an available germplasm resource and it is helpful in hybrid breeding as a marker for removing off-types. The paper aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of chloroplast development. [Methods]A rice white panicle 8(wp8)mutant was isolated in the chemical mutagen bank of the japonica variety‘Ningjing 6'. Genetic analysis and map-based cloning of wp8 were performed on an F2 population constructed by wp8 and the indica rice‘N22'hybridization. [Results]Compared with the wild type,the wp8 mutant showed white stripes in the leaves during the vegetative growth period and lasted throughout the following growth stages; the wp8 mutant showed white hulls at the heading stage,but turned yellow when the grains were mature. Compared with the wild type,the contents of photosynthetic pigment in the young leaves,panicle and mature flag leaf of wp8 mutant all significantly reduced. The transmission electron microscope observation of the leaves of the wp8 mutant at the seedling stage and mature stage revealed that most of the chloroplasts of the wp8 mutant were degraded,and the grana lamella in the remaining chloroplasts disappeared while a large number of osmophiles and vacuolar structures emerged. Through genetic analysis and gene mapping,it was found that the wp8 mutation trait was caused by a recessive nuclear gene LOC_Os06g14620 mutation. WP8 was a new allelic gene of ST1(STRIPE1). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of reactive oxygen species related genes and photosynthetic related genes were both disordered. [Conclusions]The white stripe and white panicle traits of wp8 were caused by the gene mutation on chromosome 6 that encoded a small subunit of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. Variations at different sites of WP8 gene had different effects on rice phenotype. The analysis of WP8 gene function will help elucidate the molecular mechanism of chloroplast development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bletilla striata has a very low natural reproduction rate, and tissue culture is one of the main ways of its seedling reproduction. In order to explore an efficient artificial light environment for improving the quality of B. striata and shortening its seedling time, the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of B. striata seedlings under different light qualities were studied. The results were as follows: Increasing the proportion of blue light(2R1B1G)in the background of red and blue light was conducive to promoting the growth and biomass accumulation of B. striata, and its bulb size was positively correlated with the proportion of red light; The chlorophyll contents and net photosynthetic rate were significantly increased and the development of roots and leaves were accelerated when adding 25% green light(2R1B1G)in the background of red and blue light. All these results indicate that plant height, bult diameter, chlorophyll concent, Pn and root development are all the best under 2R1B1G treatment. Therefore, the light quality 2R1B1G is recommended as the best light quality recipe for the seedlings of B. striata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the difference on the resistance physiology and yield and the mitigation effect of uniconazole (S3307) pretreatment under waterlogging stress, the pot experiment was conducted using Longxiaodou 4 (LXD 4) and Tianjin-hong (TJH). The anti-stress physiological indexes and yield were measured on 5th day after waterlogging stress and foliar spraying S3307 at seedling stage, and samples were taken every day. The results showed that leaf physiological indexes in waterlogging stress were changed during seedling stage, the content of H2O2, MDA, proline and soluble protein were significantly increased, as the same as the content of ABA, IAA, and SA, and the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT. Waterlogging treatment for five days resulted in a significant decrease in the output of LXD 4 in a single pot by 8.40% to 12.61%, and that of TJH decreased by 9.91% to 10.01%. S3307 had the effect of resisting waterlogging stress, and could effectively increase the content of proline and soluble protein in the leaf of adzuki bean, significantly reduced the content of H2O2 and MDA, significantly increased the activity of SOD and POD, the value of SOD/POD and SOD/CAT, significantly increased the ABA and SA content, and significantly inhibited the increase in IAA content. Foliar spraying S3307 significantly increased the output of LXD 4 by 2.85% to 6.18% under waterlogging treatment for four days, and significantly increased the yield of TJH by 2.85% to 3.95%, respectively. This study concluded that there were significant differences under physiological stress in reactive oxygen species accumulation, membrane lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and hormone levels among different varieties of adzuki bean under waterlogging stress. Spraying S3307 could effectively alleviate the effects of waterlogging stress on the physiology and yield in adzuki bean. The results provide a theoretical basis for further studying the physiological mechanism of adzuki bean resistance to waterlogging at the seedling stage and improving the yield of adzuki bean under waterlogging stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to obtain the best fertilization ratio suitable for the new model without female bamboo. [ Method] The bamboo shoots using the bamboo shoots with foster mother bamboo that had not been kept for 4 to 8 years after the establishment of the new model were used as the experimental material. The N, P and K formula fertilization was carried out by L9(34) orthogonal design. [Result] The yield, quality and physiological characteristics of bamboo shoots treated with 6 were the best, and the yield, weight, length, shoot base stem, edible rate, soluble sugar content, starch content, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and starch content of leaves were higher than the control 67.4 %, 57. 1 %, 37 . 7 %, 37. 2 %,30. 8 %, 71. 3 %, 72. 4 %, 32. 2 %, 33. 69 %, 48. 2 %, 76. 9 % . N significantly affected the yield, quality and leaf physiology of bamboo shoots. The order of factors influencing the yield, soluble sugar and starch content of bamboo shoots and the soluble protein, soluble sugar and starch content of leaves was N2P3K1, and the order of factors influencing the quality of other bamboo shoots and the physiological characteristics of leaves was N > K > P. [ Conclusion] The optimal fertilization treatment was N2P3K1, and the ratio of N, P and K was 8: 7: 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to explore the difference of gene expression profiles between diploid and autotetraploid of Atractylodes lancea, and provide reference for key regulatory gene location and gene engineering breeding.[Methods] The diploid and autotetraploid of A. lancea were used as materials to compare their physiological indexes, such as chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein and starch contents, and analyze their transcriptome sequencing.[Results] The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and soluble starch in leaf and stem of autotetraploid of A. lancea were significantly higher than those in the counterparts of diploid. The results of transcriptome sequencing showed that there were 4 446 differentially expressed genes(DEG),of which 3 066 were up regulated and 1 380 were down regulated. 4 446 DEG were annotated into the three functional areas of GO library, including biological process, cell component and molecular function, which were closely related to cell component, metabolic process and enzyme catalytic activity. Pathway analysis showed that there were significant differences between diploid and autotetraploid plants in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis and other pathways. The analysis of the different transcription factors showed that the amount of MYB transcription factor family in autotetraploid plants was significantly higher than that in diploid plants.[Conclusions] The higher content of chlorophyll leads to the deeper leaf color of autotetraploid plants; the higher contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and starch can provide more energy for the autotetraploid plants and make the leaves larger and thicker; the DEG involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid synthesis, metabolism and other pathways is related to the phenotypic and physiological changes of the autotetraploid plants. The differential expression of MYB transcription factors leads to the differences in appearance, physiological characteristics, stress resistance and other aspects between diploid and tetraploid, but the specific differences between them need further experimental study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】Compared with the main strong-flavor type flue-cured tobacco production areas, the neutral aroma substances ester and maillard reaction products of Jiangxi flue-cured tobacco were higher. In recent years, problems such as dark color, low oil content and less maturity have appeared in flue-cured tobacco in Jiangxi Province. Research showed that the metabolic balance in tobacco plants can be coordinated by using exogenous substances, which provides an effective way to solve the problems in tobacco production in order to explore the curing technology to improve the quality of tobacco leaves in Jiangxi Province.【Method】The experiment was carried out to compare adding exogenous substances(EDTA, citric acid, malic acid and sucrose) before curing on the quality of middle and upper leaves of Yunyan 87.【Result】Adding sucrose, malic acid and citric acid solution before curing could improve the color, color intensity and oil of the middle and upper leaves, and has no significant effect on the chemical components, but spraying sucrose and malic acid could improve the coordination of chemical components. Except pyridine and 3,4-dimethyl-2,5-furadione, the other eleven kinds of Maillard reaction products and the total amount of Maillard reaction products in flue-cured tobacco leaves sprayed with four exogenous substances before curing all decreased in different degrees, and the total amount of Maillard reaction products in middle and upper tobacco leaves showed a decrease of EDTA > citric acid > sucrose > malic acid. Spraying sucrose or malic acid before curing could improve the economic traits of Yunyan 87, but citric acid only performs better in the upper leaves.【Conclusion】Adding exogenous substances could improve the aroma quality, aroma quantity, concentration, offensive odor and aftertaste of tobacco leaves in different degrees. The best method to the smoking quality was EDTA, followed by spraying sucrose solution. The different indexes of flue-cured tobacco showed different performances from spraying four kinds of exogenous substances before curing, the best performance was to spray 20 g per pole of sucrose solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paeonia qiui is one of the important ancestors of cultivated species of tree peony, serving as an important genetic resource in peony cross breeding, due to its purple-red leaves. The pollen is widely known to directly influence reproductive success and genetic structure of the main plant population. This study aims to investigate the storage characteristics of Paeonia qiui pollen, further to elucidate the physiological mechanism of pollen storage at different temperatures, in order to determine the accurate and efficient storage method for the viability of Paeonia qiui pollen. In this study, the pollen morphology of Paeonia qiui was characterized using scanning electron microscopes. Four factors (sucrose, boric acid, Ca (NO3)2, GA3) at three different levels were selected in the orthogonal test to investigate the characteristics of Paeonia qiui in vitro germination. The experiment was conducted to explore the effect of storage temperatures and duration on the pollen germination rate, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase (CAT). The results show that the rates of abnormal and shrunken pollen were as high as 19.5%, indicating the low viability of Paeonia qiui pollen. The important factors affecting the germination rate of Paeonia qiui pollen were listed in order, sucrose, boric acid, Ca (NO3) 2, GA3. The optimum concentrations of media were achieved in vitro pollen germination, when containing 110 g/Lsucrose, 45 mg/L boric acid, 55 mg/L GA3, 30 mg/L Ca(NO3)2. The optimum temperatures were 2℃ and -20℃ for the pollen storage of 1-2 months and 4-6 months, respectively. The optimum condition was -80℃ for the intermediate storage within one year, whereas the promising temperature was -196℃ for the long-term preservation of Paeonia qiui pollen. The germination rate was 75.5% after 365 days of storage, indicating that the optimum condition can effectively prolong pollen longevity. The germination rate of pollen was positively correlated with three protective enzymes, while negatively correlated with malondialdehyde content. The influence of three protective enzymes on pollen germination rate was ranked in order: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD). The sensitivity of three protective enzymes was different at different storage temperatures. Specifically, SOD served as a sensitive protective enzyme at 2, -20℃ and -80℃, whereas POD served as sensitive protective enzymes at room temperature. The protective enzyme activity decreased, while the malondialdehyde content increased, leading to the active oxygen can not be effectively removed. This process was one of the main reasons for the decrease in pollen viability after storage at room temperature, 2, -20 and -80℃. The malondialdehyde content and the activity of three protective enzymes in pollen remained basically stable. The three protective enzymes can effectively maintain the internal balance of oxidative metabolism, and thereby reduce the levels of oxidative damage. This can be the internal cause to keep high germination rate after cryopreservation. This finding can provide a promising experimental and theoretical basis for cross-temporal pollination hybridization and germplasm resource conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Objective]The present paper aimed to further improve the curing quality of the new cultivar Yuyan 10,and promote its demonstration and popularization.[Method]The experiment was carried out,and the middle leaves of Yuyan 10 were taken as materials.The effects of different temperature and humidity on the enzymes activities of carbon metabolism and the content of related substances during the yellowing stage,and cured quality were studied.[Result]The tesults showed that the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism and the contents of related substances were affected by different temperature and humidity conditions during yellowing stage.The treatment T2 was more conducive to the degradation of starch and the synthesis of total sugar and reducing sugar.24 hours after curing,amylase activity was extremely significant negatively correlated with starch content,sucrase activity was extremely significant negatively correlated with starch content and significant positively correlated with total sugar content,starch content was significant negatively correlated with total sugar content.The main chemical composition content and sensory quality of cured leaves were also affected by temperature and humidity,the T2 has the lowest starch content and the best sensory quality during three treatments.[Conclusion] Synthesizing the above analyses,the temperature and humidity of T2 were the best to maintain enzyme activity of carbon metabolism,to promote degradation of starch and improve sensory quality.Therefore,the conditions T2 were compatible to promote in tobacco growing area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the response of morphology and structure of xerophytes to regional differentiation, leaf morphology and structure of Hedysarum laeve in Hulunbuir, Horqin, Hunshandake and Mu Us sandy lands were observed and analyzed by field measurement, paraffin section technology and leaf dissociation technology. The relationship among morphology, structure and ecological factors was also studied. The results were as follows:(1)With drought intensifies, the morphological characteristics of H. laeve leaf were smaller, thicker, lateral lobules longer and wider; stomatal number per unit area decreased, upper and lower epidermal cells became thicker, palisade tissue became more developed, palisade cells arranged closely, diameter of main vascular bundle became larger, and dredging ability was strengthened.(2)H. laeve mesophyll contained a large number of idioblast, which had the functions of drought-resisting and storage, and reflected the long-term adaptation of drought environment.(3)The precipitation in growing season, annual average precipitation and annual average evaporation were the main environmental factors for the formation of H. laeve lobule morphology and regional structure differentiation. This indicates that the response of plants to regional differentiation is not only reflected in the external morphology, but also in the organizational structure, and the hydrothermal conditions are the main factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to obtain high vitality and regeneration ability of sugarcane protoplast, this experiment was done to study the protoplast of frozen storage liquid combination, frozen storage temperature, frozen storage time and recovery temperature. The results were as follows; (1) Different eryopreservations, different eryopreservation temperatures and different protoplast sources of different materials had significant differences on the vitality of the protoplast of sugarcane. Compared with the combination of three frozen liquid deposits, in Combination 2 (70% medium +20% serum + 10% DMSO) , the recovery activity was the strongest alter 30 <1, as high as 72%. Cryopreserved recovery within 90 d, liquid nitrogen -80 °C and -196 Ai freezer, sugarcane protoplast energy difference was not significant, and the vigor was above 75%. But after 90 d of frozen-storage, the protoplast dynamic at -196 °C was stronger than -80 °C after recovery. For different materials, the protoplast dynamic of the young leaves frozen stored for 30 d was up to 79.2%, and the protoplast dynamic of stem tip frozen for 30 d was only 42.7%. (2) There was no significant difference in the time between the first initiation of division and the formation of cell mass in the treatments with different eryopreservation liquids and different eryopreservation temperatures. After the protoplasts were cultured for about 5-6 d, the cell wall was basically complete, and the cells began to divide after 6 d, and the cell masses formed after 15 d of culture. For different materials, the strongest regeneration ability was found in the protoplasts from stem tip by enzymatic hydrolysis, which cell wall formation showed 3 d earlier, and 2 d earlier in the first cell division than those from the juvenile leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Lithocarpus polystachyus is a kind of precious natural wild medicinal plants, and can develop health food pigment and natural medicinal drugs. There are rich plant resources in Guangxi. To provide certain reference for early selecting the superior germplasm, seeds from such four origins as Bama, Napo, Debao and Tianlin County were collected and sowed through ascertain difference of leaf morphology index and growth index in seedling plants between different origins of L. polystachyus in Guangxi, for nursing seedlings respectively,and tracking to survey and determine the leaf traits and growth of seedlings aged one,and then compared the degree of variation of leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, vein spacing, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area, leaf tissue density, the relative contents of chlorophyll, leaf water retention, plant height, ground diameter, dry weight per plant, taproot length,root dry weight per plant,leaf dry weight per plant between different origins of plants, and further to analyze the correlation between leaf traits and growth of seedling. The results were as follows:(1) There were a lot of differences in leaf traits and seedling growth among different origins, in which the length, width, LAI (leaf-area-index), veins distance, fresh weight, dry weight, tissue density of leaves and mean height, diameter, whole dry weight, root length, root dry weight of individual seedling from Bama were significantly higher than those from Napo, Debao and Tianlin. Mean biomass of individual seedling from Bama was one to two times as much as those from other three origins. Analysis from leaf water holding ability and net growth rate showed that the drought tolerance of seedlings from Bama were higher than those from three other origins. In conclusion, Bama could be considered as a superior provenance on a preliminary basis;(2) The growth peak of L. polystachyus was in August in Guangxi, the plant height and the ground diameter growed significantly at this time. In order to obtain the largest accumulation of seedling growth,some proposal that strengthen the water management, adjust the suitable conditions of field water, and as far as possible to prolong rapid growth of seedlings should be put forward;(3) Correlation analysis indicated that LAI had extremely positive correlation with seedling height, diameter, individual whole dry weight, root length, individual root dry weight and individual leaf dry weight, The veins distance and SPAD value both had positive correlation with seedling height and individual seedling whole dry weight, while SLA (specific leaf area) had negative correlation with seedling height and diameter. Therefore, during the phenotype selection in the future, priorities should go to the seedlings with mature thick-green leaves of broad leaf area and veins distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]