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Rice is one of the major grain crops in the world. It is of great significance to accurately inverse the chlorophyll content during growth and development in the field. However, there are some deficiencies using conventional interpretability that are driven by data inversion of the physical and chemical parameters. The leaf radiative transfer model can be expected to effectively simulate the spectral information of rice leaves, and then describe the effects of leaf parameters on spectral reflectance. A strong mechanism model can be used for the inversion of chlorophyll content of rice leaves, according to the physically driven method. The PIOSL (PROSPECT considering the internal optical structure of the leaves) model can be utilized to assume that the internal structure of the leaf blade is composed of the superposition of two layers of optical properties, which is much more in line with the actual growth of the plant. This study aims to verify the feasibility of retrieving rice leaf chlorophyll content by the PIOSL model. Firstly, the sensitivity analysis was carried out on each input parameter into the PIOSL model. The parameters Cab and Cab12 were determined as the high sensitivity in the 400-750 nm band. The inversion of chlorophyll content (Cab) was then implemented. The projection (SPA) was used to extract the features of spectral data. Five characteristic bands were sensitive to chlorophyll: 490, 575, 645, 675, and 725 nm. A multiple regression model was constructed to realize the inversion of rice leaf chlorophyll. The inversion performance of the mechanism model was then evaluated using the PIOSL model. The chlorophyll content of rice leaves was also inverted to construct an initial lookup table. LSE (least squares estimate) was used to screen the simulated sample data in the initial lookup table closer to the measured spectra. A classification prediction model was constructed using a support vector machine (SVM), in order to determine whether the combination of the screened sample parameters was in line with the actual growth of the leaves. The improved lookup table was randomly split into the training and test sets in the ratio of 7:3. The hierarchical inversion of chlorophyll content of rice leaves was performed to construct the WOA-ELM (whale optimization, WOA; extreme learning machine, ELM) inversion model. A comparison was made on the commonly-used PROSPECT model with the same data. An improved lookup table was then obtained using the PROSPECT model. The WOA-ELM model was used for the chlorophyll inversion. The results showed that the R² and RMSE of the inversion model using PIOSL-WOA-ELM were 0.977 and 2.356 μg/cm2, respectively, and the inversion accuracies of both models were above 0.9, compared with the PROSPECT-WOA-ELM model. According to the numerically driven inversion model and the physically-driven radiative transfer model, the inversion accuracy of the PIOSLWOA-ELM model was higher than that of the multivariate regression with continuous projection. Therefore, it is feasible for a more effective inversion with the radiative transfer mechanism. The finding can provide new ideas for the accurate inversion of the distribution of rice chlorophyll in the leaf, further effectively retrieving the crop physicochemical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] Using Chrysanthemum morifolium HETAI, a characteristic medicinal and edible plant in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, as the material, to explore the growth characteristics and nutritional changes of leaves and inflorescences. [Method] The growth of leaves and floral organs from Chrysanthemum morifolium was measured in the field, and corresponding colorimetric methods were used to explore the content changes of effective components. [Result] The Chrysanthemum morifolium HETAI developed from young leaves to mature leaves for about 168 days, with significant morphological changes during the leaf development process. The mature leaves were oval shaped, feathered with shallow or deep cracks, and the leaf edges were round serrated with notches. The growth cycle of flower organs was about 55 days, and it lasted for about 20 days from the initial flowering period to the full-bloom period. The tongue shaped and tubular flower clusters were fully developed; the flower diameter could reach 4.67-4.89 cm. During the development of flower organs, the content of soluble proteins generally showed a downward trend, but the content of total flavonoids and soluble sugars continued to increase, both contents maintain high levels during the development stage of 3140 days. Combined with the growth characteristics of leaves and inflorescences, the initial flowering period and early peak flowering period (31-40 days) were the suitable harvest time for this variety of chrysanthemum. [Conclusion] This study provides a basis for the cultivation standards of advantageous varieties in the characteristic agriculture (Nanyao) science and technology park of Gaoyao District, Guangdong Province [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The study aimed to solve the problem of inconsistent flowering periods in hybride production between winter rapeseed and spring rapeseed, thus providing a basis for the utilization of advantages of hybrids between winter rapeseed and spring rapeseed with strong winter hardiness in China.【Method】The strong winter rapeseed (NTS211, NTS304) and spring rapeseed (C05, C19) were used as materials. The seeds were sown in autumn (October 11th), and winter (December 10th, December 30th, January 19th, February 8th and February 28th) . The growth period, emergence rate, and reproductive performance were recorded, and the physiological and biochemical characteristics of leaves in different growth period were analyzed.【Result】The seeds sown in autumn (October 11th) emerged before winter, strong winter rapeseed could safely overwinter, while the overwintering rate of spring rapeseed was 0. The seeds sown after December 10th did not germinate during the winter period. In the early spring of the following year (March 21st to April 6th), after the temperature warmed up, the seeds began to germinate, with a germination ranging from 21.0% to 72.3%. The flowering period of winter-sown winter rapeseed was from June 21st to July 5th and July 3rd to July 20th. The flowering period of winter-sown spring rapeseed was from May 10th to May 12th and May 25th to May 30th. The flowering period of winter-sown winter rapeseed were from May 5th to May 30th. The flowering periods of autumn-sown winter rapeseed and winter-sown spring rapeseed coincided, and the longest overlap time of flowering periods between winter-sown (January 19th) spring rapeseed and autumn-sown winter rapeseed ware up to 18 days. With the delay of sowing time in winter, the flowering process of winter rapeseed was delayed, resulting in an extended growth period. However, the flowering process of spring rapeseed was advanced, leading to a shortened growth period. The fruiting performance of winter-sown winter rapeseed showed a downward trend, while the thousand-seed weight of winter-sown spring rapeseed showed an upward trend. Winter-sown winter rapeseed and spring rapeseed showed an upward trend in gibberellin content during the seedling stage, a downward trend during the bud stage, and a trend of initially increasing and subsequently decreasing during the flowering and silique stages. In the seedling stage, the auxin content of winter-sown winter rapeseed was significantly higher than that of spring rapeseed. The peroxidase activity during the bud stage was significantly higher than that in other growth stages. The content of malondialdehyde was the highest during the seedling stage, and the content of soluble protein was the highest during the flowering stage.【Conclusion】It is feasible to adjust the flowering period by sowing winter rapeseed in autumn and spring rapeseed in winter. The longest overlapping period of flowering between winter-sown spring rapeseed and autumn-sown winter rapeseed are 18 days. Winter sowing may affect the antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, osmotic regulatory substances, and endogenous hormones in the leaves of Brassica napus, ultimately influencing its growth, development and fruiting performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mulberry is a perennial deciduous woody plant, and its leaves are homologous food of medicine and food, which have been widely used in feed industry in recent years. After fermentation, the content of anti-nutritional factors such as cellulose and tannin in mulberry leaves is reduced, and the content of crude protein, crude fat, amino acids, and minerals is abundant, which has the effect of improving feed conversion rate and animal product quality. The paper mainly introduces the contents of conventional nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals in mulberry leaves, the commonly used strains for fermentation, and the changes of nutrients, anti-nutritional factors and bioactive substances in mulberry leaves after fermentation. The effects of fermented mulberry leaves on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of pigs, ruminants, poultry and fish were summarized. The future research direction of mulberry in the field of feed industry was prospected, in order to provide a reference for the efficient utilization of mulberry in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of corn stalk leaves and pith on the growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, and serum biochemical indexes of mutton sheep. Thirty healthy ewes weighing (30.0 ± 3.0) kg were randomly divided into two groups according to the principle of similar body weight, with three replicates in each group and five ewes in each replicate. The sheep in the control group were fed a corn straw as the roughage, the sheep in the experimental group were fed corn stalk leaves and pith as the roughage, and the sheep in the experimental group and the control group were fed the same concentrate. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the formal trial period was 90 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average daily gain of the experimental group increased by 10.58%, the average daily dry matter intake increased by 1.01%, and the feed to gain ratio decreased by 8.66%. The apparent digestibility rates of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, calcium, and phosphorus in the experimental group were 6.52%, 8.69%, 9.43%, 8.17%, 8.43%, 5.87%, and 6.51% higher than those in the control group, respectively. Compared with the control group, the total protein content, globulin content, and alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum of sheep in the experimental group increased by 3.41%, 10.70%, and 12.42%, respectively, and the urea nitrogen content decreased by 5.00%. The concentrations of serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, complement C3, and complement C4 in the experimental group were 5.89%, 7.90%, 7.58%, 6.95%, and 2.66% higher than those in the control group, respectively. The experiment o indicates that compared with the whole corn stalk, corn stalk leaves and pith are a kind or high quality roughage herbivorous livestock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element for plants, which is involved in photosynthesis and affected many important life activities of Vaccinium spp.. In order to explore the influence of Fe on the important life activities of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), the blueberry 'Legacy' was used as the material, and 3 Fe environments were set: normal iron (Na-Fe-EDTA), insoluble iron only (Fe2O3) and iron deficiency (without any iron element). The relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value), chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of blueberry were analyzed. The results showed that in 2 stress environments of insoluble iron and iron deficiency, the growth indicators, photosynthetic pigment content and SPAD were significantly lower than those under normal iron environment (P< 0.05), while the number, growth amount, ground diameter, leaf area and leaf photosynthetic pigment content of basal branches of blueberry under insoluble iron environment were significantly lower than those in iron-deficient environment (P<0.05). The actual photosynthetic efficiency of leaf PS II under normal iron stress were higher than those under insoluble iron and iron deficiency, while the degree of photoinhibition were significantly lower than those under iron stress and iron deficiency. Leaves of seedlings were damaged and photosynthetic capacity of leaves was weakened in iron-insoluble and iron-deficient environments. The photosystem center conversion efficiency was more unstable in ironinsoluble environments than in iron-deficient environments, and blueberry leaves were the most photoinhibited. Leaf area, biomass per plant and growth of basal shoots were significantly correlated with chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (P<0.01), and photosynthetic pigment content of leaves was significantly positively correlated with SPAD value (P<0.01), but there was no significant correlation between photosynthetic pigment and SPAD and fluorescence parameters (P>0.01). In conclusion, insoluble iron, iron deficiency environment made blueberry growth inhibition and resulted in a decreased leaf chlorophyll content, leaf PS II stress environment reaction center absorption and conversion of light energy was abated, electron transfer and photosynthetic efficiency was lower, which provided reference for deep mining for blueberries in iron nutrient reasonable use way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study investigated the effects of different fertilizer ratios on growth, leaf nutrients and chlorophyll content of young teak trees to provide references for determining appropriate fertilization program. [Method] Five fertilizer treatments of 0.25 kg/plant NPK compound fertilizer+0.25 kg/plant calcium-magnesium phosphate (Tl), 0.25 kg/plant calcium-magnesium phosphate+2.50 kg/plant rganic fertilizer (T2), 0.25 kg/plant NPK compound fertilizer + 0.25 kg/plant magnesium oxide+10.00 g/plant boron fertilizer (T3), 0.25 kg/plant NPK compound fertilizer (T4) and 0.25 kg/plant NPK compound fertilizer + 1.50 kg/plant calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer (T5) were configured with no fertilizer treatment as control (CK). The changes of growth, leaf nutrients and chlorophyll content of young teak trees in different treatments were analyzed, and the effects of different fertilization treatments were comprehensively evaluated by the affiliation function method. [Result] ➀ Compared with CK, different fertilization treatments increased the average increment of teak height, diameter at breast height and wood volume, among which T5 treatment was the best and increased average increment of teak height, diameter at breast height and wood volume by 44.81 %, 82.02% and 108.72%, respectively. ➁ Compared with CK, there was no significant change in total N, total K and exchangeable Ca content of teak leaves in different treatments, while total P and exchangeable Mg contents in leaves were significantly increased and leaf N/P was significantly decreased. ➂ Compared with CK, different treatments increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents of teak leaves while decreased chlorophyll a/b value, among which chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents of T5 were significant different from CK. ➃ The subordinate function method showed that the fertilizer effects of the five fertilizer ratios were in the descending order of T5> T3 >T2> T1 > T4. [Conclusion] All the test fertilization combinations could promote the growth and leaf nutrients of teak trees and the best was 0.25 kg/plant NPK compound fertilizer + 1.5 kg/plant calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to investigate the effect of different proportions of Moringa oleifera leaves polysaccharides on the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and immune function of Sanhuang chickens. A total of 600 oneday- old Sanhuang chickens were randomly divided into five groups with eight replicates in each group and 15 chickens in each replicate. The chickens in the control group (CON group) were fed a basal diet, and the basal diet of group T1, group T2, group T3 and group T4 was supplemented with 0.08%, 0.12%, 0.16% and 0.20% Moringa oleifera leaves polysaccharides, respectively. The trial period was 42 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the feed to gain ratio of Sanhuang chickens in the group T1, group T2 and group T3 from 1 to 21 days of age decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the body weight of Sanhuang chickens in group T3 at 42 days of age increased significantly (P<0.05). From 1 to 42 days of age, the feed to gain ratio of Sanhuang chickens in the experimental groups decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of serum albumin in the group T2 increased significantly (P<0.05), while the content of serum urea nitrogen in the group T3 decreased significantly (P<0.05). The glucose content in serum of the group T1, group T2 and group T3 increased significantly (P<0.05). The thymus index of the group T3 increased significantly ( P<0.05), the serum IL-4 content of the group T1, group T3 and group T4 increased significantly (P<0.05), the serum IL-6 content of the group T2 and group T3 decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the serum IL-1β content of the experimental groups increased significantly ( P<0.05). The experiment indicates that adding Moringa oleifera leaves polysaccharides can improve the growth performance, promote the development of immune organs, improve immune function and improve protein metabolism of Sanhuang chickens, and adding 0.16% has the better effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Minerals & Processing / Huagong Kuangwu yu Jiagong is the property of Industrial Minerals & Processing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve the leaf color and optimize the facility of cultivation system of Aglaonema commutatum ‘Big apple', its hydroponic seedlings were used as the test material in this study, six light qualities(white light, R:B = 1:1, R:B = 1:2, R:B = 2:1, R:B = 1:3, R:B = 3:1, in which R and B represent red light and blue light, respectively)and two photoperiods(8 h·d-1, 12 h·d-1)were cross cultured to determine the growth amount, biomass, soil and plant analyzer development(SPAD)value, anthocyanin content and leaf color parameters(hue value a*, hue value b*, luminosity L* and hue angle h*), and to investigate its response to red and blue light qualities and photoperiodic interactions. The results were as follows:(1)The dry weight and fresh weight of A. commutatum seedlings treated with LP11(R:B=1:3×12 h·d-1)were the highest, which was most conducive to plant growth and biomass accumulation; followed by LP5(R:B=1:3×8 h·d-1)treatment.(2)Under the same light quality condition, the SPAD value of 8 h·d-1 photoperiod was higher than that of 12 h·d-1 photoperiod, the anthocyanin content of 12 h·d-1 photoperiod was higher than that of 8 h·d-1 photoperiod, the SPAD value of LP11 treatment was the lowest and the anthocyanin content was the highest. The leaf color parameters a* and b* of A. commutatum cultured in 12 h·d-1 photoperiod were higher than those in 8 h·d-1 photoperiod, and the value of h* was lower than that in 8 h·d-1 photoperiod.(3)The principal component analysis showed that the LP11 treatment was the most effective in promoting the growth and leaf color improvement of A. commutatum. In conclusion, 12 h·d-1 photoperiod is more conducive to the growth and leaf color change of A. commutatum, and LP11 treatment is the best combination of light quality and photoperiod. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercus gilva is a precious timber tree species in middle subtropical China. In order to investigate the phenotypic diversity, phenotypic variation pattern and the major geographic and climatic factors influencing phenotypic variation of Q. gilva populations, 15 growth and leaf traits of 115 individuals from 14 natural populations were measured, and then the phenotypic diversity, variation pattern and the correlation between phenotypic variation and geographic and climatic factors were studied using nested analysis of variance, phenotypic differentiation coefficient, diversity index, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results were as follows:(1)The average variation coefficient and the average Shannon-Wiener index of 15 phenotypic traits were 35.070% and 1.998, respectively. Variation coefficient and Shannon-Wiener index of 14 populations ranged from 14.94%(Dongkou)to 35.56%(Longshan)and from 1.127(Songyang)to 1.980(Changning), respectively. These results indicated that Q. gilva showed a relatively high level of phenotypic diversity.(2)Significant differences in 15 phenotypic traits were found among and within populations(P<0.01), with an average phenotypic differentiation coefficient of 41.491%. This result elucidated that the phenotypic variation within populations was greater than that among populations.(3)Correlation analysis showed that there were significant or entremely significant correlations among parts of the traits, whereas no correlation was found between phenotypic traits and geographic factors. Precipitation was the major factor that influenced the phenotypic traits of Q. gilva.(4)Principle component analysis indicated that the first four principal components explained 82.961% of total phenotypic contribution rate of Q. gilva.(5)Cluster analysis revealed that 14 Q. gilva populations were divided into three groups according to their different leaf and petiole size, such as small-leaved micropetiole, large-leaved macropetiole and medium-leaved micropetiole, which was not related to the geographic distribution of populations. This study provides scientific basis for the protection and utilization of Q. gilva germplasm resources, and lays an important foundation for its improved variety breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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【Objective】 The purpose was to study the effects of nitrogen application and leaves retention on the yield and quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco. 【Method】 Using the yellow sun-cured tobacco variety ‘Cunsanpi’ as the material, a split-area experimental design was adopted, and the two-factor experiments of nitrogen application of 82.5, 97.5, 112.5 and 127.5 kg/hm² and the number of leaves retained of 16, 19 and 22 leaves/plant (Total 12 treatments) were conducted to study its effects on the agronomic traits, yield, average price, yield value and appearance quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco. 【Result】 The results showed that increased nitrogen fertilization could promote the growth of tobacco plant and increase nitrogen metabolism, and at the same time, it was conducive to the improvement of agronomic traits such as stem girth, pitch, leaf length and width, and leaf area. Within a certain range of nitrogen application, tobacco yield increased with the increase in the number of leaves retained. Within a certain range of the number of leaves, the tobacco yield varied with the nitrogen application. When the number of leaves was 16 leaves/plant and 22 leaves/plant, the tobacco yield showed an upward trend with the increase of nitrogen application. When the number of retained leaves was 19 leaves/plant and the applied nitrogen ranged from 82.5 kg/hm² to 112.5 kg/hm², the tobacco yield increased with the increase of applied nitrogen. From the same level of nitrogen application of different number of leaves of tobacco leaf yield changes, when the nitrogen application of 127.5 kg/hm², the tobacco yield with the increase in the number of leaves of tobacco leaf is a downward trend. When the nitrogen application was 112.5 kg/hm² and the number of retained leaves was 19 leaves/plant, the tobacco leaf yield value was the highest, which was 54 567.00 yuan/hm². When the nitrogen applications were 82.5 kg/hm² and 97.5 kg/hm², the tobacco leaf yield value increased with the increase of the number of retained leaves. From the point of view of the average price of tobacco with different number of leaves of the same nitrogen application, when the nitrogen application was 82.5 kg/hm² and 127.5 kg/hm², the average price of tobacco showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the number of leaves of the same application. When the N application was 97.5 kg/hm², the average price of tobacco leaf increased with the increase of the number of retained leaves. When the nitrogen application was 112.5 kg/hm², the average price of tobacco leaf increased and then decreased with the number of leaves retained, and was higher in the treatment with 19 leaves/plant. The appearance quality of tobacco leaf was better in three treatments: 82.5 kg/hm² of nitrogen application, 16 leaves/plant; 97.5 kg/hm² of nitrogen application, 22 leaves/plant and 127.5 kg/hm² of nitrogen application, 19 leaves/plant. 【Conclusion】 Under the conventional cultivation condition of ensuring density of 15 150 plants/hm², applying nitrogen at 112.5 kg/hm² and retaining leaves at 19 leaves/plant, the yellow sun-cured tobacco variety ‘Cunsanpi’ could obtain better economic benefits in Fuquan, Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to explore the physiological and biochemical response of Nymphaea minuta to low light environment, and to provide theoretical basis for seedling breeding and potted flower production management of micro-tropical water lily represented by N.minuta. 【Method】 A completely random experimental design was conducted. The shading treatments were set to 0(total illumination control, CK), 30% (light shading), 50% (medium shading), 70% (heavy shading) respectively by constructing shading nets with different layers. The number of leaves, leaf dry weight, leaf area and other growth indicators were measured by shading treatment for 120 days. The content and composition of photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugar, soluble protein and starch contents were measured by shading treatment for 30, 60, 90 and 120 days respectively. The effects of different shading conditions on leaf growth, photosynthetic pigment content and primary metabolites content of N.minuta were analyzed. 【Result】 During the shading period of 30-120 days, there were no significant differences between the average leaf area, photosynthetic pigment content, and soluble protein content of N.minuta treated with shading rate of 30%, 50% and CK (P＞0.05). After shading treatment for 120 days, the leaf number, average leaf dry weight, specific leaf weight, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and starch content of N.minuta decreased with increasing shading rate, while total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, chlorophyll a/b content and carotenoid content all increased with increasing shading rate. Comparing with CK, the shading rate of 70% at 120 days treatments, the leaf number, average leaf dry weight and specific leaf weight of N.minuta were significantly decreased by 52.9%, 81.3% and 57.8%, respectively (P＜0.05, the same as below), total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content and carotenoid content were significantly increased by 108.7%, 81.6%, 237.5% and 88.2% respectively, chlorophyll a/b content was significantly decreased by 39.1%, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and starch content were significantly decreased by 43.4%, 56.2% and 53.2% respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the leaf number and average leaf dry weight were extremely positively correlated with soluble protein content (P＜0.01, the same as below), and the average leaf dry weight was negatively correlated with total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content and carotenoid content. 【Conclusion】 N.minuta grew well in light and medium shading environments with shading rates of 30% and 50%, showing good light adaptive response and regulation ability. These two shading methods can be used for reference in the breeding of micro-tropical waterlily seedlings and potted flower production management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plants that comprise the vegetation of Chinese subtropics are diverse with respect to geographical distribution patterns. Understanding how the plants with different geographical distribution patterns that live together in this region differ in their ecological niches, would advance our knowledge of species coexistence mechanisms. Here, based on the data of woody angiosperm community composition in eight broad-leaved forest dynamics plots widely distributed in the Chinese subtropics, by adopting statistical methods such as phylogenetic linear model and analysis of variance (ANOVA), we examined the differences in life history traits, including leaf habit and growth form, as well as ecological behaviors (i.e., Ellenberg indicator values), between the plants of temperate distribution pattern genera and the plants of tropical distribution pattern genera. The results were as follows: (1) For the 265 study genera, distribution pattern genus showed a significant phylogenetic signal (i.e., Pagel’s λ = 0.935, P＜ 0.001) . (2) The temperate distribution pattern genera comprised a higher ratio of deciduous broad-leaved plants and trees than the tropical distribution pattern genera, and there were more evergreen broad-leaved plants and shrub in tropical distribution pattern. (3) The plants of temperate distribution pattern genera exist in environments with high light, low temperature and water compared with the plants of tropical distribution pattern genera, regardless of the effects of leaf habit and growth form were controlled or not. (4) For all the plants, or for each leaf habit or growth form group separately, the ratio of species richness of the temperate distribution pattern genera to the tropical distribution pattern genera in the forest was controlled by mean annual temperature (MAT) . The findings imply that the plants of temperate and tropical distribution pattern genera differe in both their life history traits as well as their ecological behaviors, and the geographical turnover of plants of these two distribution patterns in the Chinese subtropical broad-leaved forests is largely controlled by MAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives] The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation and mechanism of hydrogen-rich water (HRW)on the growth and photosynthesis of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.). This would benefit agriculture by the application of HRW. [Methods]HRW was used to irrigate strawberries, and parameters such as leaf growth, photosynthetic gas exchange and photosynthetic efficiency were determined. Surface water irrigation was as the control. [Results]After the treatment, the leaf area of strawberries increased, the dry weight and fresh weight of leaves increased by 57.7% and 60.4%, respectively, and the relative growth rate and net assimilation rate increased by 50.0% and 59.9%, respectively, indicating that HRW had a significant effect in promoting strawberry growth. After HRW treatment, the chlorophyll a content increased by 14.4%, the chlorophyll b content did not change significantly, and the net photosynthetic rate of leaves increased by 22.3%, the contents of soluble sugar, glucose and sucrose in leaves significantly increased. After HRW treatment, the electron transport rate of PSⅡ increased but was not significant, while the significant decrease of quantum yield of photosystems Ⅱ nonregulatory energy dissipation Y(NO)indicated that the protection and regulation ability of the PSⅡ of strawberry leaves was improved. While the electron transport rate of PSⅠ and effective photochemical quantum yield Y(I) significantly increased, suggesting that the cyclic electron flow of PSⅠ was improved. Further analysis showed that the transmembrane proton gradient(ΔpH)was significantly higher than that of the control, accounting for the main part of proton motive force, and the ATP content increased by 43.9% compared with the control, confirming the cyclic electron flow results. [Conclusions]Hydrogen-rich water can promote growth and photosynthesis of strawberry leaf by enhancing cyclic photosynthesis electron flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The genetic rules and male induced effect of gynoecious were analyzed in order to provide a reference for the breeding gynoecious lines in bitter gourd（Momoridca charantia L. ）. [Method] Gynoecious line MC39-4-5 and weak pistillate line MC6-1-12,medium pistillate line MC6,strong pistillate line MC39,super strong pistillate line MC9 were crossed in the study. Differentiation of flowers type were counted in F1,F2,BCP1,BCP2 generations, and qualitative genetics was analysed by Chi square test（χ²）. Effect of AgNO3 on flower type differentiation of monoecious plant and gynoecious were compared, and fertility of bisexual flower pollen and stigma were tested in bitter gourd. At stage with four leaves and one growth point（SWFLAOGP） and mature stage（MS）, the male induction effect was compared in the internode length（IL）,stem diameter（SD）,differentiation time and number of bisexual flower. [Result] MC39-4-5 was corossed with MC6-1-12, MC6, MC9 and MC39. The separation of F2 and BCP1 were consistent with the segregation ratio of 3∶1 and 1∶1,which conformed to Mendelian genetic law. Compared with before male induction by AgNO3,there was no significant difference in male flower differentiation of MC6,MC9 and MC39 after male induction（P＞0. 05,the same as below）. After male inducting, there was no differentiation of bisexual flower in MC6,there was differentiation of a small amount of bisexual flower in MC9,MC39,there was only differentiation of bisexual flower in MC39-4-5. The pollen of bisexual flower was fertility and the stigma was sterile. At SWFLAOGP,the IL of male induction was 9. 92 cm, IL of control（CK） was 7. 85 cm, the SD of male induction was 0. 36 cm, SD of CK was 0. 26 cm. So the differences of IL and SD were extremely significant between CK and male induction（P＜0. 01,the same as below）. But at MS,the differences of IL and SD were not significant between CK and male induction. The time required for the first opening flower and the number of bisexual flower were 24. 3 and 13. 6 days at SWFLAOGP, the numbers of bisexual flower were 10. 0 and 19. 3, showing extremely significant difference（P＜0. 01）. [Conclusion] The gynoecious to monoecious plant is controlled by a recessive single gene. AgNO3 can not promote the differentiation of male flower in bitter gourd, and induce bisexual flower but not male flower in gynoecious. The pollen of bisexual flower is fertility and the stigma is sterile. The induced effect at MS is significantly better than the SWFLAOGP. As a consequence, AgNO3 male induction should be performed at mature stage to breed and seed reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was to study the effect of mulberry leaf on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and economic benefits of finishing pigs. A total of 192 'Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire' three-way hybrid finishing pigs were selected, and randomly divided into four groups, with six replicates in each group and eight pigs in each replicates. The finishing pigs in control group were fed with basic diet, and pigs in test groups were supplemented with 4%, 8% and 12% mulberry leaf to replace the bran in basic diet. The test period was 30 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the average daily gain of finishing pigs in 8% group and 12% group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The average daily feed intake of finishing pigs in 12% group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the activity of T-AOC and SOD in serum of 12% group finishing pigs were significantly increased (P<0.05), the activity of GSH-Px in serum of 8% group and 12% group finishing pigs were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the serum IgG content of finishing pigs in 8% group and 12% group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the serum IgA content of finishing pigs in 12% group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the content of complement C3 in serum of finishing pigs in 12% group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the content of serum GLB and HDL in 12% group of finishing pigs were significantly increased (P<0.05), the content of serum GLU and LDL in 8% group and 12% group of finishing pigs were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The single head profit of 4% group, 8% group and 12% group was 13.58, 73.32 and 125.77 yuan higher than that of control group. The study indicates that adding mulberry leaf in diet can effectively improve growth performance of finishing pigs, enhance the antioxidant, immune and metabolic functions of body, improve the economic benefits of finishing pigs. It is recommended to add 12% albumen mulberry in diet of finishing pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photinia × fraseri is a common color-leaved tree species native to South China and widely used in landscaping and gardening in the south. Its ornamental value in landscaping is commonly acknowledged. In this study, two year old cutting seedlings of two varieties of Photinia × fraseri, i.e. Photinia × fraseri Red Robin and Photinia × fraseri Robusta, were taken as the test materials, the introduction of the two varieties were conducted in the Jinzhong region to measure the growth performance and leaf phtsiological indexes in attempt to evaluate their performance in growth and physiological acclimation to local environmental conditions. The results showed that the relative lateral growth of Photinia × fraseri Red Robin in the year was significantly higher than that of Photinia × fraseri Robusta. However, the leaf conductivity of Photinia × fraseri Robusta was significantly higher than that of Photinia × fraseri Red Robin. Meanwhile, the relative lateral growth of two varieties of Photinia fraseryi was significantly positively correlated with leaf starch content, while the relative leaf conductivity of Red Robin was highly variable among individuals and significantly negatively correlated with the relative lateral growth. Above results suggested that Red Robin was not only outperformed Robusta on growth performance in the introdunction place in the growing season, but also highly varied in relative leaf conductivity among individuals. Further selection of individuals with low leaf cell membrane permeability and high growth should be conducted to obtain new Photinia fraseri varieties more suitable for cultivation in the semi arid area of the Loess Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To assess the effects of high-strength plastic mulch film application on cotton production and residual film recovery，field tests were conducted using four different types of high-strength mulch films，and one type of traditional PE mulch film in the cotton fields of Alar City，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，China in 2020. The planting and production characteristics of cotton treated with different plastic films mulching were analyzed during the growing period of the crop，and the residual plastic film was recycled thereafter. The results revealed that high-strength mulch film significantly increased the soil temperature in 0~5 cm soil layer of cotton field. Moreover，their water vapor transmission rate was around 20.7~35.7 g·m-2 ·d-1 ，which was significantly lower than that of the traditional PE mulch film（P< 0.05），and it reduced the soil moisture loss and exhibited a better function through increasing the soil temperature and preserving the soil moisture. Compared with the traditional PE film mulching，the high-strength mulch films significantly increased the rate of seedling emergence and leaf growth（P<0.05），and were more beneficial for the growth and yield of cotton，thereby，leading to an increase in the yield rate by 3.1%~4.7%. In addition，high-strength mulch film exhibited higher recovery rate and economic benefit than the traditional PE mulch film，as their mechanical and artificial recovery rate were higher than 83%. High-strength mulch film with higher mechanical properties and recovery efficiency is more conducive to the growth and development of cotton than the traditional PE mulch film，as it exerts a higher comprehensive benefit. However，it is still necessary to evaluate and validate the application of high-strength mulch films to a wide range of areas and crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To screen soil nutrients and light conditions that effectively promote the growth of Picea koraiensis saplings and to provide a scientific basis for establishing growth promotion techniques for P. koraiensis saplings, a split-zone design experiment was conducted with P. koraiensis saplings plantations of 8-10 years old in Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, using three light conditions (full light, 0. 5 depression, 0. 7 depression) with nitrogen addition (100 g / plant-yr) and control plots to analyze the effects of light and nitrogen addition on growth and leaf morphological function of P. koraiensis saplings. The results showed that: The annual growth of tree height was the highest under full light conditions, and the annual growth of ground diameter was the highest under full light fertilization conditions, followed by 0. 5 degree of depression; the effect of N addition on the annual growth of tree height and ground diameter was small. Between different light conditions, with the increase of canopy density, the specific leaf area and chlorophyll content increased, leaf dry matter content and chlorophyll a/b decreased, and leaf nutrient content did not change significantly; the effect of N addition on leaf morphology, chlorophyll content and leaf nutrient content was not significant. The effect of light on the growth, leaf morphology and photosynthetic capacity of P. koraiensis saplings was more significant than that of N addition, and saplings under full light and N addition had larger annual growth of tree height and ground diameter, and the lowest annual growth ratio of high diameter. Nitrogen addition can promote the photosynthetic efficiency of saplings. The full light condition or nearly full light condition should be selected for the forestation of P. koraiensis, and the photosynthetic capacity of saplings can be improved by nitrogen addition after forestation to promote growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of HCO- 3 on the growth and physiological characteristics of plants under the stress of bicarbonate in karst environment. The growth, photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic regulation substance content and cell membrane damage of Broussonetia papyrifera and Morus alba seedlings under three different concentrations of NaHCO3(0, 15, 30 mmol·L-1, respectively)were examined in the present study. The results were as follows:(1)Under HCO-3 treatment, the growth and photosynthetic capacity of Broussonetia papyrifera and Morus alba seedlings were significantly inhibited, accompanying the physiological responses of leaf cells to antioxidant and osmotic stress were significant. (2)The inhibitory effects of HCO-3 on the growth of Broussonetia papyrifera and Morus alba were concentration-dependent, and showed significant differences among examined concentrations(P<0.05). (3)The inhibitory effects of the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme system and osmotic regulation system and the damage of plant cells under 30 mmol·L-1HCO- 3treatment were significantly stronger than those of 15 mmol·L-1HCO-3 treatment.(4)Under the same concentration of HCO-3, the growth, photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic regulating substance content of Broussonetia papyrifera were significantly higher than those of Morus alba, and its leaf cell damage was significantly lower than that of M. alba. The results mentioned above indicate that HCO- 3 inhibits the growth, photosynthesis and resistance physiology of M. alba and Broussonetia papyrifera under bicarbonate stress, and the tolerance of B. papyrifera to bicarbonate stress is better than that of Morus alba, which means that Broussonetia papyrifera is more adaptable to the environment of bicarbonate stress. This study provides scientific support for the adaptation mechanism of Moraceae to karst environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant functional traits can reflect response strategies of plants to environmental changes. In this study, we used a one-way ANOVA and redundancy(RDA)to compare the differences in leaf functional characters of Dicranopteris pedata in three micro-topographies(ridge, slope and valley of the ephemeral gully)and to analyze the response and adaptation strategy of D. pedata to shallow trench micro-topography. The results were as follows:(1)The overall variation degree of leaf functional characters of D. pedata was between 0.05 and 0.47. Both leaf thickness and leaf area were showed as the order of valley > slope > ridge(P<0.05). The leaf N content at the slope was significantly higher than that at the ridge and valley. The leaf P content was significantly lower at the ridge than those at the slope and valley. There was no significant differences in specific leaf area and leaf C content among three micro-topographies.(2)D. pedata at the ridge reduced water loss to protecte itself by reducing leaf area. D. pedata at the slope increased the photosynthetic rate of leaves to promote growth by increasing the N content of leaves. D. pedata at the valley improved light capture ability to promote growth by increasing the leaf area. The above results indicate that due to the differences of soil nutrients, temperature and humidity conditions, D. pedata can achieve better adaption to the environment by adjusting nutrient content and changing leaf morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Pfaffia paniculata stem and leaf silage on growth performance, slaughter performance and muscle nutrient composition of Guangxi Ma chicken. Two hundred 80-day-old Guangxi Ma chickens were randomly divided into four groups (control group, group 1, group 2 and group 3) with five replicates per group and 10 chickens per replicate. The control group chickens were fed with basal diet, group 1, group 2 and group 3 chickens were fed content 30%, 40% and 50% Pfaffia paniculata stem and leaf silage, respectively. The experiment lasted for 90 d. The result show that compared with the control group, the results showed that the average daily gain in group 2 was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Slaughter percentage and abdominal fat percentage in group 1 were significantly increased (P<0.05), and water content of breast muscle in group 3 was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, tyrosine and phenylalanine in the chest muscles of each experimental group were increased, the content of aspartic acid, proline, serine and tyrosine in the leg muscles of each experimental group were increased. The study indicates that the growth performance, slaughter performance and muscle quality of Guangxi Ma chicken were improved to some extent by adding Pfaffia paniculata stem and leaf silage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melia azedarach is widely distributed in China and has a wide range of genetic variation. In order to study the growth characters of one-year-old seedlings of M. azedarach from different seed sources, the growth characters of seedling height, ground diameter, compound leaf growth and biomass accumulation of M. azedarach seedlings from 15 seed sources were observed, and the growth rhythm was fitted by logistic equation. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant differences between seedling height and ground diameter (P<0.05), and significant differences between root biomass, stem biomass and compound leaf (P<0.01). (2) The growth of seedling height and ground diameter showed a slow-fast-slow growth pattern with type S. Compared with the emergence time of seedling height growth peak, the emergence time of ground diameter growth peak was later. (3) The R² of logistic fitting equation was 0.976-0.994, which reached the extremely significant correlation level, indicating that the growth rhythm of M. azedarach can be fitted by logistic equation. (4) According to theoretical calculation and practical observation, the duration of fast-growing stage of ground diameter was generally 20-30 d longer than that of high-speed growth stage of seedling. The time of seedling height and ground diameter entering fast-growing stage and ending fast-growing stage in northern locality was earlier than that in southern locality. (5) All though traits were negatively correlated with latitude, seedling height, biomass and leaf area were positively correlated with longitude, while other traits were negatively correlated with longitude. In general M. azadarach begongs to full-time growth type with significant differences in growth traits among seed sources. The growth was regulated by both latitude and longitude, mainly by latitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the host, the hairy roots have good growth conditions, which is the key to establish the hairy root-AM fungus dual culture system. In order to optimize the medium composition, to screen the sucrose concentration suitable for the growth of hairy roots and to improve the growth of tobacco hairy roots, leaf growth of two types of tobacco, NC82 and Va116 were induced to have hairy roots through solid and liquid culture on 1/2MS medium with different sucrose concentrations and confirmed by PCR. The effects of sucrose on the growth of two tobacco hairy roots were studied by measuring the number of branches, fresh weight(FW)and dry weight(DW)of hairy roots. The results were as follows:(1)C58C1 could induce hairy roots in both tobacco leaves, but the induction rates were different. The induction rate of NC82(87.3%)was higher, which was 2.26 times that of Va116(38.6%).(2)The number of hairy root branches induced by NC82 and Va116 increased with the incubation time, and the increased amount varied with the concentration of sucrose. Sucrose has a significant effect on the growth of hairy roots, depending on the tobacco variety and the number of initial branches.(3)The solid medium was optimized to cultivate the induced NC82 and Va116 hairy roots, and the inhibitory sucrose concentrations for branch number growth were 25 g·L-1 and 15 g·L-1, respectively. In addition, the results of liquid optimized culture showed that the hairy roots induced by NC82 and Va116 reached the maximum F(D)W at 25 g·L-1 and 15 g·L-1, respectively, which were 0.541 g(0.055 g)and 0.474 g(0.050 g)respectively, which was mutually corroborated with solid optimized culture.(4)The present data suggested that the concentration of sucrose in the medium significantly affected the growth of hairy roots. Considering the number of branches, F(D)W, and hairy root growth vigor, C58C1 induced NC82 hairy roots with optimal sucrose concentration was 25 g·L-1, and the hairy roots of Va116 was 15 g·L-1. The study of tobacco hairy roots optimized the suitable sucrose concentration in the medium, laying a foundation for subsequent large-scale propagation of hairy roots; at the same time, established a hairy root-AM fungus double culturing system and solved the problem of poor growth of hairy roots as a host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the difference of physiological and biochemical characteristics of spring shoots and the change rule of different endogenous hormones in Polygala fallax. The growth dynamics of spring shoots were monitored, and the contents of abscisic acid(ABA), auxin(IAA), gibberellin(GA), ethylene(ETH)and zeatin nucleoside(ZR)were determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)change. The results were as follows:(1)The growth and development of the spring shoots of P. fallax could be divided into rapid growth period(0-12 d), growth transition period(16-20 d)and slow growth period(24-32 d).(2)The contents of endogenous hormones ABA, GA, ETH and ZR in slow growth period were significantly higher than those in rapid growth period and growth transition period, and the difference of IAA contents in each period was small.(3)The spring shoot length, bottom leaf length and width were negatively correlated with ABA, GA, ETH and ZR contents in the rapid growth period, and were significantly correlated with ZR content, and positively correlated with IAA content; In the growth transition period, each index was positively correlated with GA, ETH and ZR contents, and was significantly correlated with GA content, but negatively correlated with ABA content; During the slow growth period, each index was positively correlated with the contents of five endogenous hormones, and was significantly correlated with the contents of IAA and ZR. The results provide a theoretical basis for the use of exogenous hormones to regulate the spring shoot extraction and growth of P. fallax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of composite plant extracts Piper sarmentosum Roxb. and guava leaf on growth performance and serum indexes of weaned piglets. A total of 200 21-day-old weaned piglets were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with five replicates in each group and 20 piglets in each replicate. Piglets in control group were fed with a basal diet, the piglets in experimental group were fed with the basal diet supplemented with composite plant extracts at 200 mg/kg. The experimental period was 21 d. The results showed that there was no significant difference on growth performance of piglets among the groups（P>0.05）. Compared with control group, the experimental group supplemented with the compound plant extract in the diet significantly decreased the serum cholesterol（CHOL） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） content of piglets（P<0.05）, glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）activity was significantly increased（P<0.05）, serum content of interleukin-4（IL-4）, interleukin-10（IL-10） and transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） were significantly increased（P<0.05）, the content of interleukin-1β（IL-1β）,interleukin-6（IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） were significantly decreased（P<0.05）, and serum endotoxin（ET-1） content and diamine oxidase（DAO） activity were significantly decreased（P<0.05）. The study indicates that adding compound plant extracts to diet can improve the antioxidant performance and immune function of weaned piglets, and improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function of piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A quantitative estimation of nitrogen content in rice leaves has been one of the most critical steps to realize precision fertilization and variety breeding in modern agriculture. Optical remote sensing technology has been emerging in recent years. The multi- and hyper-spectral remote sensing data can be utilized to rapidly obtain the physical and chemical parameters, such as the rice nutritional status, pest stress, and phenotypic information. Therefore, it is very necessary to implement the high-throughput acquisition of breeding phenotypes in the rice digital production using spectral technology. In this study, a rapid and accurate inversion of nitrogen content was realized to detect the spectral characteristics and variation in the rice leaves using the character transfer vegetation index in the spectral technology. The results showed that there were all the same changes in the spectral curves of rice leaves in the key growth periods, indicating the extremely significant characteristics of "two valleys and one peak" in each period. The spectral characteristic curve varied significantly in the visible and near-infrared regions in the period of rice growth. Specifically, the spectral curve changed greatly in the near-infrared region from the tillering to the heading stage, whereas, the hyperspectral reflectance increased gradually in each growth period. The characteristic bands of the rice nitrogen content were extracted from the continuous hyperspectral reflectance with lots of redundant information. The vegetation index of nitrogen content inversion was then constructed for the rice leaves. Since the continuous projection was a forward band selection, the projection of each cycle was calculated in the remaining band starting from a band variable, and then the band corresponding to the maximum value of the projection vector was introduced into the band combination, while ensuring the lowest correlation between the selected and previous band, finally to repeat the above steps until the selected number of bands were fully met the given requirements. Therefore, the continuous projection was used to screen the characteristic bands of rice hyperspectral in the band of 400-1000 nm, where the correction set was utilized to conduct the internal cross validation of the selected bands. Six hyperspectral characteristic bands of nitrogen content in rice leaves were screened, i.e., 500, 555, 662, 690, 729, and 800 nm, according to the Root Mean Square Error of Cross Validation (RMSECV) values in the validation. Once the form of vegetation index was determined, the current vegetation index of rice nitrogen content was mostly constructed to change the bands for a new one. The mature form of vegetation index was normally used to determine the optimal band, according to the different inversion parameters. Nevertheless, there was still lacking of relationship between nitrogen content and spectral characteristics. Therefore, the multiple characteristic bands were first converted into three bands for the nitrogen characteristic transfer index, according to the band characteristic transfer. A linear regression model was established to verify the inversion model of nitrogen content in rice leaves. Taking Nitrogen Characteristic Transfer Index (NCTI) as the input, the inversion model of rice nitrogen content was constructed by linear regression. The determination coefficient of the model was 0.774, and the root mean square error was 0.379 mg/g. The inversion performed better, compared with the traditional vegetation indexes, such as NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and EVI (Ratio Vegetation Index). Consequently, the NCTI can be widely expected to serve as a hyperspectral vegetation index for the rapid inversion of nitrogen content in rice leaves in practical application. The finding can provide promising data support and strong reference for the spectral detection of nitrogen content in rice leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present study focused on the effects of rain-shelter cultivation on kiwifruit leaf physiological indexes and fruit quality. [Method] The leaf weight, leaf chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity and fruit quality indexes of kiwifruit during development were compared under two cultivation conditions of open-field cultivation (CK) and multi -story steel frame arch shed (MS) and rammed chain compound film roof shed (RS). [Result] Compared with CK,MS and RS cultivation could significantly increase leaf weight, sugar-acid ratio, chlorophyll a content and total chlorophyll content in leaves at early stage of fruit development, leaf CAT activity, fruit Ve content and fruit weight per fruit at late stage of fruit development, and MS cultivation had more significant effect on improving fruit weight. Compared with CK, MS and RS cultivation could significantly reduce the content of titrable acid in fruits, but the effects of MS and RS cultivation on chlorophyll b content, SOD and POD activities, fruit shape index and so on during fruit development had no obvious rules, and there were no significant differences between MS and CK in most periods. [Conclusion] Rain-shelter cultivation is beneficial to the growth of kiwifruit leaves, and can improve the quality and flavor of kiwifruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research is the property of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)