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Regular physicochemical and microbiological properties and volatile flavors of Sichuan Wu xiang-style sausages collected from Chengdu City were analyzed and used to reveal the quality characteristics of Sichuan Wu xiang-style sausage. The results showed that moisture content was 11.73%±1.64%, pH value was 5.68±0.06, TBARS value was 1.47±0.48 mg/kg, nitrite content was 1.31±0.12 mg/kg, and L*, a*, and b* was 48.12±1.46, 16.08±0.91, 18.31±0.73 respectively. The aerobic plate count, suspected staphylococci count, suspected lactic acid bacteria count, and Enterobacteriaceae count was 7.09±0.14, 5.74±0.23, 7.64±0.14 and 4.27±0.15 lg CFU/g, respectively. 97 kinds of volatile compounds were totally detected from Sichuan Wu xiang-style sausage samples, and 22 shared volatile compounds with odor activity value (OAV) greater than 1 were regarded as the main volatile flavors. Furthermore, it was showed that (+)-limonene, linalool and artemisia brain contributed most to the typical flavor of Wu xiang-style sausage through the loading plot of principal component analysis, imparting citrus, mint, floral, lavender, liquorice, and aniseed odors. The results obtained revealed the main volatile compounds and typical flavor characteristics of Sichuan Wu xiang-style sausage, and laid foundations for further researches on the flavor characteristics of Sichuan Wu xiang-style sausage.

In this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) and other techniques were used to analyze the regular physical-chemical and microbiological properties, the content and aroma pattern of main volatile flavors, and the sensory evaluation of fermented sausages made with the inoculation of the mixed culture Lactobacillus plantarum L77 and Staphylococcus xylosus S120 (L77-S120) and the individual culture Lactobacillus plantarum 77 (L77), with the non-inoculated group as blank. The results showed that the TBARS value, nitrite content and Enterobacteriaceae count of the L77-S120 group were significantly lower than those of the blank and L77 group (P

【Objective】The effects of combined application of chemical fertilizer and biochar on the yield, quality, and main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were discussed to provide a theoretical basis for the chemical fertilizer reduction application.【Method】Tobacco variety Yunyan 85 was taken as the test material, five treatments of chemical fertilizer and biochar were set up, CK (control): conventional fertilizer; T1: conventional fertilizer+180 kg/hm2 biochars; T2: conventional fertilizer+360 kg/hm2 biochars; T3: 80% base chemical fertilizer+180 kg/hm2 biochars; T3: 80% base chemical fertilizer+360 kg/hm2 biochars. Three repeated randomized block experiments were used in the field. Representative tobacco plants were selected to measure their agronomic traits and SPAD value after transplanting 63 d (topping stage). After curing, the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in each treatment were investigated, the main chemical components and sensory quality evaluation were analyzed.【Result】Application biochar promoted the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, and significantly increased the plant height, maximum leaf area, and stem girth. Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biochar were not significantly reduced the plant height, maximum leaf area, and stem girth, but the SPAD values in the middle leaves were significantly lower. The yield and output value of treatments were T2>T4>T3>T1>CK. The exorbitant value of soil C/N ratio was beneficial for improving the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco.The content of total sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves under all treatments with over 26% and 22%, respectively, exceeded the standard of high quality tobacco leaf, and the content of total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium, nitrogen-nicotine ratio and potassium-chloride ratio were all within the appropriate range, respectively. Tabcco leaves under the T1 and CK treatments had more harmonious chemical components. With increasing soil C/N ratio value, contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium of flue-cured tobacco were increased, but decreased the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine. A suitable amount of application biochar resulted in coordination of tabacco leaf chemical components. However, excessive application biochar reduced quality of tobacco leaves. The sensory quality scores in T1 treatment were the higher (66.10), then in CK and T3 treatments (61.11), and the lowest in T2 treatment (59.86).【Conclusion】The combined application chemical fertilizer and biochar has important effects on the agronomic, economic and quality traits of flue-cured Tobacco. The higher values of soil C/N ratio (T1 and T3 treatments) were good for improving the quality of tobacco leaves, while the exorbitant values of soil C/N ratio (T2 and T4 treatments) were conducive to improving the yield and output value of tobacco leaves. Considering the application fertilizer effects, it was suggested that the best fertilizer application was the combination of biochar fertilizer of 180 kg/hm2 and conventional fertilizer in Sichuan Mianning tobacco-planting area.

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is an important dioecious tree species of protective plantation with insufficiently documented on the sexual responses difference to environmental stress as well as the interaction between sexual competition and heavy metal stress. In order to provide the practical guidance for repairing heavy metal pollution in soil, the physiological responses and tolerance of male and female sea buckthorn plants under Mn stress and different sexual competition interaction patterns were discussed. The physiological responses of sea buckthorn under Mn stress (4 000 mg·kg-1) and three different sexual combinations (female × female, male × male, female × male) were determined, including the contents of chlorophyll, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenols (TP), free proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), glycine betaine (GB) and manganese in male and female leaves. The results were as follows：(1) Under Mn stress, the SOD of male plants (M/FM) was the highest in all competition combinations, while the MDA content was not significantly increased compared with the control, indicating that the male plants had better antioxidant capacity and less membrane oxidative damage. (2) M/FM accumulated more free proline and showed better osmotic adjustment ability under Mn stress, indicating that male plants under sexual competition showed better tolerance to Mn stress. (3) The study indicated that male-female interaction and Mn stress interaction significantly affected the physiological response characteristics of sea buckthorn leaves, such as chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment. Principal component analysis showed that the contents of SOD, POD, MDA, chlorophyll b (Chlb), SS and Pro in leaves could be used as the main physiological response indicators. The results can be used as a reference for the remediation of soil heavy metal pollution by sea buckthorn plants.

With the Meiyu front rain belt weakened toward the south during June 26 to 29, 2022, the rainfall in Jiangxi was significantly strengthened on June 29. A narrow and strong regional rainstorm belt appeared in the north of Jiangxi, especially in the main urban area of Nanchang, where the rainfall for 2 h exceeded 100 mm (the maximum hourly rainfall was 113.2 mm), which caused severe waterlogging. Based upon the conventional observation data, ERA5 reanalysis data, Fengyun meteorological satellite data, and Doppler weather radar data, this study attempts to analyze the causes, mesoscale characteristics, and maintenance mechanism of this short-duration rainstorm in the Nanchang city. The results show that before the rainstorm occurred, the low-level (850 hPa) southwest jet in Jiangxi weakened apparently, while the water vapor and energy increased. From 08:00 BT on the 28th to 08:00 BT on the 29th, the dew point, the total precipitable water, and the temperature of Nanchang increased from 23.5℃, 57.5 mm, and 76℃ to 26℃, 69 mm, and 81℃, respectively, which led to the occurrence and development of convective heavy precipitation. The sustained strong divergence at the upper-level, the intrusion of dry and cold air at 600-800 hPa, and the strong convergence of water vapor in the boundary layer triggered by the enhancement of 925-975 hPa boundary layer jet were the main causes of the rainstorm. At the beginning of rainstorm, the convective echo located in northeast Jiangxi had obvious backward propagation characteristics. It combined with the eastward echo of northwest Jiangxi in Nanchang and then developed rapidly. After the combination, new convective cells were generated continuously on the south and southwest sides of the strong echo zone, moving and converging to the northeast, resulting in the stagnation of strong echo in Nanchang. Convective cells were regenerated on the convergence line between the cold pool outflow and the ambient atmosphere. The convergence lines over the northeast and northwest of Jiangxi located on the west and east of the convection zone, respectively. The two convergence lines moved to the opposite directions and met in Nanchang, leading to the rapid development of echo. The development of echo enhanced the cold pool, and the outflow of cold pool strengthened the rise of the warm and humid air that promoted the development of echo and formed a positive feedback, which was the maintenance mechanism of strong echo in Nanchang.

Objective To explore the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection combined with pregabalin on pain and knee function in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods A total of 220 patients with KOA in our hospital, between June 2020 and April 2022, were enrolled and randomly divided into observation group (n=110) and the control (n=110). The observation group was given PRP injection combined with pregabalin, while control group was given sodium hyaluronate combined with pregabalin. The clinical curative effect, osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), pain level (VAS), knee function [Lysholm-Ⅱ scale, Rasmussen scale], levels of repair-promoting factors [transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1)], inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)], oxidative stress indexes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO)] and blood routine [white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (Plt)], and the occurrence of adverse reactions in the two groups were compared. Results The response rate of treatment was higher in observation group than control group [94.55% (104/110) vs 83.64% (92/110), P0.05). There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion PRP injection combined with pregabalin can effectively improve knee function, relieve pain, reduce levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress injury, and promote the expressions of repair-promoting factors in KOA patients.

BackgroundExposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) could increase the risks of small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). Nevertheless, previous published studies usually use a time period over relatively long durations as the exposure window, such as trimester-specific or gestational months, to identify adverse pregnancy outcomes related susceptible exposure windows for ambient air pollution. At present, no study has explored associations of weekly-specific ambient air NO2 exposure around pregnancy with SGA and LGA.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations of exposure to ambient NO2 over the preconception and entire pregnancy period with risks of SGA and LGA, as well as to explore critical windows of NO2 exposure by refining exposure period to specific weeks.MethodsBased on a birth cohort established by the project Environmental and LifEstyle FActors iN metabolic health throughout life-course Trajectories (ELEFANT) situated in Tianjin, 10 916 singleton pregnant women whose dates of the last menstrual period and delivery were both between June 2014 and June 2016, and whose gestational age were within 24-42 completed gestational weeks were included in this study. Each pregnant woman's exposures to ambient NO2 throughout 12 weeks before pregnancy and pregnancy period were matched with daily average NO2 concentrations obtained from the Chinese air quality reanalysis datasets (CAQRA). Distributed lag models incorporated in Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to explore the associations of maternal exposure to weekly ambient NO2 throughout 12 weeks before pregnancy and pregnancy period with risks of SGA and LGA after controlling for potential confounders including maternal age, ethnicity, educational level, occupation, body mass index before pregnancy, residence, times of gravidity and parity, smoking, alcohol consumption, husband smoking, and season of conception. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated per 3 μg·m−3 increase in ambient NO2 concentrations.ResultsThe average levels of maternal exposure to NO2 over the preconception, first trimester, second trimester, third trimester, and entire pregnancy periods were (39.6±10.8), (42.7±10.5), (44.8±12.7), (37.7±11.1), and (41.6±4.8) μg·m−3, respectively. For a 3 μg·m−3 increase in NO2 over the first trimester, the risk of SGA increased by 19.0% (95%CI: 8.0%-32.0%). For a 3 μg·m−3 increase in NO2 over the preconception, first trimester, and entire pregnancy, the associated risks of LGA increased by 7.0% (95%CI: 1.0%-13.0%), 37.0% (95%CI: 29.0%-46.0%) and 19.0% (95%CI: 9.0%-31.0%), respectively. For SGA, the susceptible exposure windows for NO2 were observed during the 7th to 12th preconceptional weeks and the 6th to 12th gestational weeks, with the strongest association found at the 12th preconceptional week, when the risk of SGA increased by 6.0% (95%CI:3.2%-8.9%) for a 3 μg·m−3 increase in NO2. For LGA, the susceptible exposure windows for NO2 were observed during the 1st to 12th preconceptional weeks and the 1st to 6th gestational weeks, with the strongest association found at the 12th preconceptional week, when the risk of LGA increased by 6.1% (95%CI: 4.5%-7.8%) for a 3 μg·m−3 increase in NO2.ConclusionExposure to ambient NO2 is associated with increased risks of both SGA and LGA, and the most susceptible weekly exposure windows are nested within the 12 weeks before pregnancy and early pregnancy.

With the increase in the urban underground buildings and the limitation of underground space, there are increasing double-line or even multi-line pipe jacking projects with small spacing. In the process of pipe jacking with small spacing, due to the influence of pipe-pipe interaction, the earth pressure distribution around the pipes changes greatly, which leads to difficulties in the load determination, structure calculation, and jacking force prediction and control. Combined with the back analysis of numerical simulation, based on Terzaghi’s theory of consolidation and limit equilibrium theory, the soil loosening line and the retaining line of the existing pipe are assumed, and a new calculation method of vertical earth pressure on the vault of parallel pipe jacking with small spacing is established. The effects of soil shear strength, pipe diameter, and pipe spacing on the earth pressure are analyzed, and the calculated earth pressure on the vault of the new pipe is compared with those calculated by the soil column theory and Terzaghi’s theory without considering the influence of the existing pipe. The results show that the vertical earth pressure of the new pipe jacking vault increases with the increase in the soil shear strength, but the earth pressure on both sides of the new pipe jacking decreases. When the shear strength is large, the earth pressure on the vault calculated by this method is smaller than that calculated by Terzaghi’s theory. When the shear strength is small, the earth pressure on the vault calculated by this method is larger than that calculated by Terzaghi’s theory. When the buried depth of the pipe increases, the earth pressure on the vault of the new pipe jacking increases, but compared with the soil column theory and Terzaghi’s theory, the earth pressure increment is smaller. With the increase of the spacing between the two pipes, the earth pressure on the vault of the new pipe jacking arch increases.

As more long-distance oil and gas pipelines with high pressure, large diameter, high steel grade and large wall thickness are constructed, the wall of the fittings such as the hot tapping tees and the repair sleeves that are involved in the in-service welding is thickened increasingly. Thereby, the pipeline maintenance and repair by manual arc welding is at low efficiency, and the welding quality is difficult to be guaranteed. Hence, it is urgent to realize the mechanical construction of in-service welding of oil and gas pipelines. In terms of the selection of welding process, welding test process, the selection of welding materials, the influence of protective gas, as well as the welding procedure qualification test, research was conducted for the automatic welding of oil and gas pipelines. Through the field engineering application of in-service automatic welding of type-B sleeves for the high-grade large-diameter gas pipelines in China, the feasibility of in-service automatic welding process was demonstrated. Finally, some suggestions were put forward for the promotion of in-service automatic welding technology.

Using datasets of conventional observations, regional automatic weather station (AWS), Doppler weather radar, wind profile radar and GFS reanalysis with 0.5°×0.5° resolution, we have conducted analysis on the mesoscale characteristics and cause of an extreme thunderstorm gale event in Jiangxi on 4 March 2018, and discussed its extremeness. The results indicate that (1) this event is caused by a strong squall line, and pre-squall depression, squall front, rear-flow depression as well as the thunderstorm high are very clear in it. (2) The squall line developed intensely after it entered Jiangxi under a favorable environment, including the unstable stratification of dry and cold air in the high level and warm and humid air in the low level which was created by strong low-level warm and wet air advection, middle-level dry air, ground warming and low-level wetting, the strong lifting conditions formed by middle-level trough moving eastward, multi-layer jet superposition and convergence line in ground level, and the strong vertical wind shear in the mid- and low- level prolonging its life. (3) The increased angle between the squall line and the steering flow makes it move speedily, and both the flat topography around the Poyang Lake and the rich water vapor enhanced surface gale. (4) Extremely unusual values of physical variables at Nanchang station and their differences with respect to corresponding years of dekad norms exceeding 2σ (σ is root mean square), including surface depression, downdraft convective available potential energy (DCAPE), the temperature difference (T850-500) between 850 hPa and 500 hPa and the vertical wind shear from 925 hPa to 1000 hPa etc., show a good indication to the potential prediction of extreme thunderstorm gale. In addition, high wind zone below 1 km in wind-profiling radar products appears 30 min ahead, and a substantial jump of refractivity structure constant (Cn2) in the upper-level appears 10-20 min ahead. Both can be used as reference in the early warning of thunderstorm gale.

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging manifestations of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), and the clinical effect of combined treatment of anticoagulation and endovascular thrombolysis. Methods and Results The clinical manifestations of 22 CVST patients were highly variable. Headache (90.91%, 20/22) was the most frequent symptom, and conscious disturbance, seizure and focal neurological deficits were commonly present. Plasma D-dimer level was elevated in 12 patients (54.55%). Lumbar puncture was performed in 14 patients, in whom intracranial hypertension was present in 9 patients (9/14) with no characteristic changes in routine and biochemical examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Brain CT/MRI and CTV/MRV showed direct signs of CVST in all 22 patients, involving superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, straight sinus and cortex veins, parenchymal lesions (infarction, hemorrhage and white matter abnormalities) in 13 patients (59.09%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 2 patients (9.10%) and subdural hematoma in one patient (4.55%). The involved cerebral sinuses revealed by DSA were superior sagittal sinus in 13 patients (59.09% ), transverse sinus in 17 patients (77.27%), sigmoid sinus in 14 patients (63.64%), inferior sagittal sinus in 2 patients (9.10%), straight sinus in 4 patients (18.18%), vein of Galen in one patient (4.55%) and jugular vein in one patient (4.55%). Two thrombosed sinuses were found in 9 patients (40.91% ) and 3 or more thrombosed sinuses in 8 patients (36.36% ). As no clinical improvements and progressive exacerbation were observed several days after heparin sodium intravenous drip or lower molecular weight heparin (LMWH) hypodermic injection with oral warfarin anticoagulant therapy, urokinase thrombolysis in venous sinus or artery was applied in 21 patients (95.45%). After (25.70 ± 12.18) d treatment with anticoagulation, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 13 patients (59.09% ) reached 0-1, 4 patients (18.18% ) 2 and 5 patients (22.73% ) 3-4, with the total effective rate reaching 77.27% (17/22). Conclusions The severely affected CVST usually have multiple sinus thromboses, deep venous thrombosis and parenchymal lesions. Endovascular thrombolysis together with primary anticoagulation may result in good outcomes in these patients. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.12.006

Objective To report one case of gliomatosis cerebri (GC) and one case of leptomeningeal gliomatosis (LG), both of them were clearly diagnosed by brain biopsy. Methods and Results 1) The GC patient was a 48-year-old male who presented with epilepsy and focal neurological deficits. Cranial MRI revealed diffuse white matter lesions in bilateral cerebral hemispheres without obvious mass effect and enhancement. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that tumor cells and proliferative glial cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Ki-67 labeling index was about 10% . 2) The LG patient was a 30-year-old female who mainly presented with high intracranial pressure and epilepsy. Repeated cranial MRI revealed aggressive enlargement of subarachnoid space and ventricles, multiple encapsulated cysts in sulci and fissures, and parenchymal infiltration. Strong enhancement in meninges and the encapsulated cysts could be seen in contrast-enhanced images. Histologically, dense and uneven distribution of tumor cells was the main feature. Obvious atypia of nuclei and proliferation of small vessels could be seen. Tumor cells were positive for GFAP. Ki-67 labeling index was about 5% . By brain biopsy, both cases were diagnosed as anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO Ⅲ). The principle of treatment was temozolomide chemotherapy. Conclusions For intracranial gliomatosis, relatively distinct characteristics in brain MRI could indicate the diagnosis. Brain biopsy should be done early as possible for a clear diagnosis. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.12.013

A case of apocrine cystadenoma is reported. A 42-year-old female presented with dark blue tumor below the right lower eyelid for 2 years. Dermatological examination showed a 0.4 cm × 0.3 cm demarcated dark blue soft spherical tumor below the right lower eyelid, without tenderness. Histopathology showed a unilocular cyst in the reticular dermis and fatty layer, with double layer of cuboidal-columnar epithelium and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells. Papillary projections and thickened cyst wall were evident. The diagnosis was apocrine cystadenoma. Following surgical resection of the tumor, no recurrence was observed during follow-up.

Objective To study the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-10 in the serum of patients with herpes zoster and their correlation with the visual analog score (VAS), and to observe the efficacy of Dancao Huoxue prescription for herpes zoster neuralgia and its impact on inflammatory response. Methods Thirty patients with herpes zoster were treated with both Dancao Huoxue prescription and penciclovir while 30 patients treated with penciclovir alone served as controls. Both effective rates and VAS were compared between these two groups. Serum levels of IL-1β and IL-10 were compared between 60 patients with herpes zoster and 40 normal controls. Correlations of IL-1β and IL-10 with VAS were also analyzed. Results Although VAS was decreased in both the treatment and the control groups, a more dramatic decrease was observed in the treated group (t=-3.72, P0.05 between these two groups), but were higher than in normal controls (P

Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. polysaccharide (ASKP) is a novel plant polysaccharide. In this study, an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) consisting of gelatin (Gel) as the dispersed phase and ASKP 60P (a high-molecular-mass fraction of ASKP) as the continuous phase was constructed based on the thermodynamic incompatibility between 60P and Gel at a specific pH, and Gel/60P ATPS emulsion gels were obtained by introducing Fe3+ into the ATPS in order to induce 60P cross-linking. The results showed that the ATPS, consisting of 0.1%–0.5% Gel and 0.5%–1.5% 60P (m/m), exhibited discrete phase separation. The emulsion gel with 0.6% Gel, 1.5% 60P and 60 mmol/L Fe3+ showed good gel strength and elasticity. This was attributed to the fact that the increase in Gel concentration led to a decrease in the volume proportion of the continuous phase, resulting in exposure of more Fe3+ crosslinking sites, enhancing the interaction between 60P and Fe3+, and improving the mechanical properties of emulsion gels. Therefore, this study proposes a new strategy to improve the properties of ASKP gels, which is favorable for the wide application of ASKP in the food, biological and other fields.

Objective To investigate the correlation between Glasgow score and blood inflammatory markers before treatment with the efficacy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Cases from the two clinical centers were divided into training set and validation set， and the clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared to be balanced. To search the independent prognostic risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and then the prognostic index of each patient was calculated， and the patients were divided into high-risk， intermediate-risk and low-risk groups. Further validation in the validation set. Results Cox multivariate analysis of the training set showed that age >50， T3-T4， N2-N3， GPS score of 1-2， NLR>2.5， and LMR≤2.35 before treatment were poor prognostic factors affecting the 5-year disease-specific survival rate of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Conclusion The combination of GPS， NLR， LMR and age， TNM staging may provide a new way for the prognosis evaluation of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma before treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of alprostadil on perihematomal tissue of experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Methods The ICH was induced by stereotaxic infusion of autologous arterial blood into the right basal ganglion. Forelimb placing test and corner turn test were used as behavioral tests. The rats were tested at 3, 5, 7 and 14 d after ICH. Nissl staining was performed to observe the neuronal morphological changes in perihematomal tissue. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the number and distribution of tumor necrosis factor ⁃ α (TNF ⁃ α) and interleukin⁃6 (IL⁃6) positive cells in perihematomal tissue at 3, 5, 7 and 14 d. Results Alprostadil⁃treated group showed significant improvement in behavioral tests at 5, 7 and 14 d compared with the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference at 3 d (P = 0.788, 1.000). Nissl staining showed that after cerebral hemorrhage there were obvious inflammatory infiltration, tissue necrosis presented as a "compressed zone" in the perihematomal tissue, and cells around the zone were swollen and had no apparent profile. After alprostadil treatment inflammatory cell infiltration and swollen neurons were reduced in different degrees. Along with the duration of treatment, neuron gradually increased in cortical area beside the medial fissure ipsilateral to the hemorrhagic side, and achieved approximately to normal level at the end of the therapy (P = 0.650). TNF ⁃ α and IL ⁃6 positive cells were mainly distributed around the hematoma, while there were few positive cells at the distal and contralateral site. After administration of alprostadil TNF⁃α positive cells decreased and IL⁃6 positive cells increased in perihematomal region, and all nearly reached to normal level as the control group at 7 d (P = 0.035, 0.023) and 14 d (P = 0.024, 0.020). Conclusion Alprostadil can improve neurological function of cerebral hemorrhagic rats. The mechanisms may be related to the suppression of acute inflammation and relief of secondary neuron injury around hematomal tissue. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2011.03.017

In this study, magnetic metal organic framework composites as capture probe and immunofunctionalized gold nanoparticles as signal probe were used to develop a rapid colorimetric method for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Under optimal conditions, the visual detection limit for L. monocytogenes was 1.2 × 103 CFU/mL. The results of ultraviolet spectroscopy showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1.2 × 101‒1.2 × 108 CFU/mL (Y = 0.519 ‒ 0.043X, R2 = 0.978), the detection limit was as low as 0.45 CFU/mL, and the intra-batch coefficient of variation of all concentration gradients was between 0.31% and 1.30%. The recoveries for spiked chicken breast were 91.1%‒108.7% with coefficient of variation less than 7.4%, and the result was consistent with that of the plate counting method. In conclusion, the proposed assay is rapid, accurate sensitive, and highly applicable to the detection of foodborne pathogens.

Headache and dizziness are common physical symptoms in children and adolescents. However, no objective diagnostic biomarkers are available. Moreover, children fail to accurately understand and describe the nature of headache and dizziness. Therefore, it is likely to misdiagnose or miss the diagnosis of children with patent foramen ovale （PFO） presenting with headache and （or） dizziness as chief complaints. In this article, three children diagnosed with PFO developed headache and（or） dizziness as chief complaints. Case Ⅰ was diagnosed with migraine without aura complicated with PFO by heart color Doppler ultrasound （color ultrasound）, right echocardiography and transcranial Doppler （TCD） bubble test, who was recovered well after undergoing PFO closure. Case Ⅱ was diagnosed with PFO by right echocardiography and trans-esophageal echocardiography, and orally treated with clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate tablets. After discharge, the patient still developed dizziness without evident headache, and did not take medicine on a regular basis. Case Ⅲ was diagnosed as PFO by right echocardiography and TCD bubble test. The patient was given with aspirin on a regular basis, and relevant symptoms did not recur. For children with headache and（or） dizziness, right echocardiography and TCD bubble test contribute to prompt diagnosis of PFO and relevant abnormalities after eliminating conventional causes, which is worthy of application in clinical practice.

Background and purpose: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive system. Previous study demonstrated that circSMARCA5 was downregulated and could function as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer. However, the molecular mechanism has not yet been documented. This study aimed to investigate the effects of circSMARCA5 on the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells and their molecular mechanisms. Methods: Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and transwell assays were performed to examine the cell proliferative and invasive abilities, respectively. The effect of circSMARCA5 on gastric cancer cell glycolysis was assessed by detecting the extracellular acidification rate, glucose uptake level and lactate production. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) assay was performed to detect the expression levels of circSMARCA5, miR-4295 and PTEN. The levels of GLUT1 and LDHA were measured by Western blot assay. The transplanted xenograft model in nude mice was established, and the effects of circSMARCA5 on the tumor growth were observed. Immunohistochemistry assays were performed to examine the expression levels of GLUT1, LDHA and Ki-67 proliferation index in xenograft tumors. Dual luciferase reporter gene assays, Pearson's correlation analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to confirm the targeting relationship of circSMARCA5 and miR-4295 as well as miR-4295 and PTEN. Results: CircSMARCA5 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Compared to the control group, the glycolysis rate, glycolysis capacity, glucose uptake and lactate production in the circSMARCA5-overexpresing group were significantly decreased. In addition, nude mouse transplanted xenograft assays showed that the volume and the weight of the tumors in the circSMARCA5-overexpressing group were lower compared with the control group. Further studies indicated that circSMARCA5 acted as a molecular sponge to inhibit the expression of miR-4295. Besides, miR-4295 could inhibit the expression of PTEN by binding with the 3'-UTR of PTEN mRNA. Rescue experiments by upregulating miR-4295 or downregulating PTEN expression in the circSMARCA5-overexpressing gastric cancer cells were performed, and the results showed that upregulation of miR-4295 or PTEN knockdown could abolish the inhibitory effects of circSMARCA5 overexpression on cell proliferation, invasion and glycolysis. Conclusion: CircSMARCA5 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells by targeting miR-4295, increasing the expression level of PTEN and subsequently regulating glycolysis.

In winter of 2020, government delayed the opening of schools because of the pandemic of COVID-19. In order to regulate children's mood, parents provided their children with the chance to use electronic products such as mobile phones. Educational systems across the country organized students to take part in online learning. Screen teaching is helpful for children to complete learning. But some children require an additional use of mobile phones or electronic products for entertainment and games. However, a longtime screen use will bring negative influence on psychological behaviors of children and affect their growth. In order to protect children, schools should set up online courses reasonably according to children's physical and mental characteristics. And parents should enrich home activity to meet the needs of children and take effective measures to minimize negative impact to children.

Objective To establish an effective CRISPR-Cas9 system targeting at mouse Krt14 that may simulate the pathogenic site mutation of human KRT14. Methods Databases such as OMIM, ExAC and ClinVar were retrieved to identify the strong pathogenic sites of human KRT14, the causative gene of human epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Then, the human and mouse KRT14 protein sequence alignment analysis was carried out to identify the strong pathogenic sites on the mouse genome. Based on the gene targeting principle of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, 4 sgRNAs targeting the mouse Krt14 and 4 expression plasmids were constructed. Then, the sgRNA expression plasmids and Cas9 expression plasmid were co-transfected into mouse NIH 3T3 cells simultaneously. PCR product sequencing, TA clone sequencing of the positive cells screened by drugs were performed to verify the target efficiency of the 4 sgRNAs. Results The p.Arg125 site of human KRT14 protein was identified to be a strong pathogenic site, which corresponded to the p.Arg131 site of mouse KRT14 protein. According to the DNA sequence of the mouse p.Arg131 site, 4 sgRNA expression plasmids targeting at this site was successfully constructed. Sequencing of PCR amplification products of the target site from drug screen positive cells showed that 4 sites were all mutated. The results of TA cloning sequencing showed that the mutation efficiency of the four sites was 70%, 90%, 65% and 100% respectively. Conclusions The above results indicates that efficient CRISPR-Cas9 system targeting at the mouse Krt14 based on the highly pathogenic sites of the human KRT14 has successfully constructed. This result lays a foundation for the in-depth study of Krt14 function and for the establishment of Krt14 gene editing mouse model in order to explore the mechanism and treatment strategy of disease.

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.06.016

Objective To evaluate the value of combined detection of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) for early warning of traumatic sepsis. Methods Two hundred and thirty five patients with severe trauma were included, including 110 patients with sepsis and 125 patients with non-sepsis.Blood samples were collected in 24 hours of admission and serum CRP and PCT were measured. The ROC curve was used to compare the early warning value of CRP and PCT for post-traumatic sepsis, and the improvement ability after combined use of NRI and IDI was analyzed. Results The results showed that CRP and PCT in patients with post-traumatic sepsis were significantly higher than those in non-sepsis patients (P＜0.001). ROC analysis revealed that the AUC of serum CRP and PCT were 0.766 (0.707-0.819) and 0.744 (0.684-0.799), respectively; The AUC of CRP and PCT combined with single-label early warning trauma sepsis was increased by 5.1%, 7.3%.Meanwhile, the results of NRI and IDI analysis also suggested the combination of CRP and PCT was sensitive to identify the patients with high risk of sepsis (P＜ 0.001). Conclusions CRP and PCT have early prediction effects on the risk of sepsis in major trauma patients. Combination of CPR and PCT can significantly improve early prediction ability.

Objective To establish the 9L/F344 rat intracerebral glioma model of brain tumor stem cells. Methods Rat 9L gliosarcoma stem-like cells were cultured in serum-free suspension. The expression of CD133 and nestin were tested by immunohistochemistry. A total of 48 inbredline male F344 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, and 9L tumor sphere cells and 9L monolayer cells were respectively implanted into the right caudate nucleus of F344 rats in 2 groups. Survival time was observed and determined using the method of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Fourteen days after implantation or when the rats were dying, their brains were perfused and sectioned for HE staining, and CD133 and nestin were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Rat 9L tumor spheres were formed with suspension culture in serum-free medium. The gliomas formed in both groups were invasive without obvious capsule. More new vessels, bleeding and necrosis could be detected in 9L tumor spheres group. The tumor cells in both groups were positive for CD133 and nestin. There was no significant difference in the expression of CD133 and nestin between 2 groups (P > 0.05, for all). According to the expression of nestin, the tumors formed by 9L tumor sphere cells were more invasive. The median survival time of the rats bearing 9L tumor sphere cells was 15 d (95%CI: 15.219-15.781), and the median survival time of the rats bearing 9L monolayer cells was 21 d (95%CI: 20.395-21.605). There was significant difference between 2 groups (χ2 = 12.800, P = 0.000). Conclusions 9L/F344 rat intracerebral glioma model of brain tumor stem cells is successfully established, which provides a glioma model for the future research. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.04.012

To investigate the effect of salidroside on the proteomics of erythrocyte membrane in high altitude erythrocytosis(HAPC) rats, in order to explore the mechanism of salidroside in improving HAPC based on the proteomics analysis. First, HPAC rat models were established, and 16 rats were randomly divided into HAPC model group and salidroside(100 mg·kg~(-1)) treatment group(8 rats per group). Saline was administered to the HAPC model group, while salidroside treatment group was given 100 mg·kg~(-1) salidroside once a day. After continuous oral administration with salidroside for 40 days(once a day), blood was collected from the femoral artery to obtain total red blood cell membrane proteins. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to separate total proteins. The two-dimensional electrophoresis of erythrocyte membrane proteins was analyzed before and after salidroside intervention, and the proteins with significant differences were identified by mass spectrometry. Finally, biological functions were analyzed using bioinformatics. A two-dimensional electrophoresis method was used to establish a protein expression profile with a high resolution and reproducibility of erythrocyte membranes in HAPC rats. Salidroside treatment significantly changed 18 protein spots in the 2-DE map of erythrocyte membranes, of which 13 proteins were up-regulated and 5 proteins were down-regulated. Eight differential proteins were successfully identified by mass spectrometry. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis found that these differential proteins were involved in such biological processes as oxidative stress, redox, and peroxisome pathway, which are mainly associated with peroxisome and MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, salidroside could significantly change the expressions of erythrocyte membrane proteins in HAPC rats. Eight differential proteins were identified by a proteomic-based approach. The differential proteins were involved in such biological processes as oxidative stress, redox, peroxisome pathway.

Objective: To assess the value of passive leg raising (PLR) test in predicting fluid responsiveness in patients with sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction., Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted. Thirty-eight patients under mechanical ventilation suffering from sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction admitted to Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit of First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from September 2013 to July 2014 were enrolled. The patients were studied in four phases: before PLR (semi-recumbent position with the trunk in 45°), PLR (the lower limbs were raised to a 45° angle while the trunk was in a supine position), before volume expansion (VE, return to the semi-recumbent position), and VE with infusing of 250 mL 5% albumin within 30 minutes. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded in every phase. The patients were classified into two groups according to their response to VE: responders (at least a 15% increase in stroke volume, A SV(VE) ≥ 15%), and non-responders. The correlations among all changes in hemodynamic parameters were analyzed by linear correlation analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to assess the value of hemodynamic parameters before and after PLR in predicting fluid responsiveness., Results: Of 38 patients, 25 patients were responders, and 13 non-responders. There was no significant difference in the baseline and hemodynamic parameters at semi-recumbent position between the two groups. The changes in SV and cardiac output (CO) after PLR (Δ SV(PLR) and Δ CO(PLR)) were significantly higher in responders than those of non-responders [ Δ SV(PLR): (14.7 ± 5.7)% vs. (6.4 ± 5.3)%, t = 4.304, P = 0.000; ΔCO(PLR): (11.2 ± 7.5)% vs. (3.4 ± 2.3)%, t = 3.454, P = 0.001], but there was no significant difference in the changes in systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate after PLR (Δ SBP(PLR), Δ MAP(PLR), Δ PP(PLR) and Δ HR(PLR)) between two groups. Δ SV(VE) in responders was significantly higher than that of the non-responders [(20.8 ± 5.5) % vs. (5.0 ± 3.7) %, t = 8.347, P = 0.000]. It was shown by correlation analysis that ΔSV(PLR) was positively correlated with Δ SV(VE) (r = 0.593, P = 0.000), Δ CO(PLR) was positively correlated with ΔSV(VE) (r = 0.494, P = 0.002). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of Δ SV(PLR) ≥ 8.1% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.860 ± 0.062 (P = 0.000), with sensitivity of 92.0% and specificity of 70.0%; the AUC of Δ CO(PLR) ≥ 5.6% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.840 ± 0.070 (P = 0.000), with sensitivity of 84.0% and specificity of 76.9%; the AUC of Δ MAP(PLR) ≥ 6.9% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.662 ± 0.089, with sensitivity of 68.0% and specificity of 76.9%; the AUC of Δ SBP(PLR) ≥ 6.4% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.628 ± 0.098, with sensitivity of 76.0% and specificity of 61.5%; the AUC of Δ PP(PLR) ≥ 6.2% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.502 ± 0.094, with sensitivity of 56.0% and specificity of 53.8%; the AUC of Δ HR(PLR) ≥ -1.7% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.457 ± 0.100, with sensitivity of 56.0% and specificity of 46.2%., Conclusion: In patients with sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, changes in SV and CO induced by PLR are accurate indices for predicting fluid responsiveness, but the changes in HR, MAP, SBP and PP cannot predict the fluid responsiveness.