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To investigate the processing methods that could improve the quality of Jingning dried apple snacks, the effects of five drying methods (hot air drying, solar drying, vacuum freeze drying, microwave-pressure puffing drying, and heat pump drying) on energy consumption, antioxidant activity, microstructure, and flavor of dried apples were studied. The results showed that compared with the other four drying methods, in terms of energy consumption that vacuum freeze drying had the highest unit energy consumption (69.48±1.69 kW·h/kg), while solar drying had the lowest unit energy consumption (19.60±1.36 kW·h/kg). In terms of hardness and crispness, dried apples that were dried by hot air drying were found to have the highest levels of hardness and lowest levels of crispness, while those that were dried by vacuum freeze drying were found to have the lowest levels of hardness and a higher degree of crispness. In terms of colour difference, vacuum freeze drying had the highest L* value (72.91±0.59) and the ΔE value was closest to the fresh samples (10.48±0.30). In addition, compared with fresh samples, vacuum freeze drying effectively slowed down the loss of antioxidant activity of dried apples, with the contents of ascorbic acid, total phenols and total flavonoids decreased by 35.22%, 39.27% and 32.02%, respectively. Meanwhile, the total antioxidant capacity, hydroxyl radical scavenging rate and superoxide anion scavenging rate decreased by 23.50%, 57.24% and 10.56%, respectively. In terms of microstructure, the cell layer of dried apples with vacuum freeze drying preserved a regular sponge-like porous structure with good texture. In terms of flavor, 96 volatile substances were identified in five types of dried apples, while it made the dried apples with vacuum freeze drying more aromatic and richer in taste. In conclusion, vacuum freeze drying is recommended as a method to improve the quality and flavor of high-quality dried apples, and provides significance in guiding the industrialized production of dried apple products.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis, is predominant in young adults and children. Corticosteroid therapy has been controversial over several past decades. TESTING (Therapeutic Effects of Steroids in IgA Nephropathy Global) study, initiated in 2012, is an international, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled trial for evaluating oral methylprednisolone’s safety and long-term efficacy under conditions of optimized supportive treatment in IgAN patients at an elevated risk of progression. After one decade of efforts, successful completion of TESTING indicated that a 6 to 9 month course of oral methylprednisolone has been an effective regimen of protecting kidney function in high-risk IgAN patients. Some safety concerns persisted. Compared with a full-dose regimen, reduced-dose regimen was beneficial with higher safety. Overall, the TESTING trial provided more robust data regarding the treatment dosage and safety of corticosteroids. It has important implications for IgAN children. With a deeper pathogenetic understanding of IgAN, ongoing studies of novel therapeutic regimens shall further optimize the benefit-risk ratio.

Groundwater evapotranspiration (ETg) is the most important dischargeway of shallow groundwater in arid and semi-arid areas, and also is a significant component of the water budget in groundwater systems. When groundwater levelsare interfered with barometric effect, the traditional water table fluctuation method for estimation of the ETg rate cannot be directly employed.This paper proposes a hydrographical method for removing the barometric effect on the ETg rateestimation using water-table fluctuations based on the changes ingroundwater levels and barometric pressure.The results illustrate that thechangesin barometric pressure usually reach the peak before midnight, generally between 22:00 and 24:00 when the barometric effect can be ignored, and the evapotranspiration rate is the minimum and therefore thegroundwater level changes rate at this time interval is equivalent to the net recharge rate. Furthermore, the second time period between 0:00 and 4:00 when the ETg rate is negligible and the barometric pressure is generally in a continuous decline, is then selected to estimate the barometric efficiency. On the basis of these analyses, the ETg rate can be readily estimated by the groundwater level balance method and the water table fluctuation method. The data required in theproposed methodare easy to obtain and the estimated ETg ratesare relatively accurate.

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.02.013

Background and objective The preferred therapy for patients with pulmonary nodules which highly suspected as lung cancer by low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) is surgery, but the best screening method of whole body is not clear yet. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with Ia stage non-small cell lung cancer after screening of positron emission computed tomography (PET)-CT and conventional imaging (B-ultrasound/CT/MRI/ECT, BCME). Methods A total of 300 cases of Ia stage non-small cell lung cancer were collected, of which 170 cases were performed PET-CT and 130 cases were performed BCME before operation. The basic characteristics of the two groups were analyzed by propensity score matching (PSM), and 114 cases of each group were included in the study. The survival analysis was carried out by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and the Cox regression analysis. Results There was no significant difference between each group analyzed by PSM. The PFS of PET-CT and BCME were (44.9±27.2) months and (44.1±33.1) months (χ2=1.284, P=0.257). Both of the method ssucceed in screening. It is not the PFS influence factors. The false positive of PET-CT and BCME were 10 cases and 8 cases (χ2=0.241, P=0.623). Conclusion Both PET-CT and BCME can be used as a screening method for Ia stage non-small cell lung cancer according to individualized choice of patients.

Parkinson's disease cognitive impairment (PD-CI) is one of the major non-motor symtoms (NMS) of PD, including Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD - MCI) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Executive dysfunction is relatively prominent, but other cognitive domains as visuospatial ability, memory and language can also be affected. Main risk factors for PD-CI include male gender, advanced age, low education, severe motor symptoms, low baseline cognitive function and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Lewy bodies are main pathological changes, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) related pathological changes can also be seen. The application value of decreased α?synuclein (α-Syn) and β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as biomarkers remains controversial. There are few related research and no defined pathogenic genes currently. Both dopaminergic pathway and acetylcholinergic pathway are involved in the occurrence of PD - CI as demonstrated in PET studies. Cortical and subcortical atrophy are associated with PD - CI as observed in MRI studies. Olfactory dysfunction may be one of the predictors of cognitive impairment. PDD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) share common biological characteristics, therefore the differential diagnosis sometimes is difficult. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine help to improve clinical symptoms, but treatment decision should be made with individualization. Cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) has potential clinical value and should be investigated by more studies. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.06.004

It is well known that neurosyphilis has various brain MRI manifestations. In this report, we present a rare case with DWI lace-like high signal in cerebral cortex, which is usually seen in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). A 50-year-old male developed dizziness, poor memory, seizures, mental and behavioral disorders, and was admitted to our Emergency Department, where he experienced sudden left hemiplegia. Rapid plasma regain (RPR) and treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) was positive in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF: 14-3-3 protein (+). Brain MRI showed high FLAIR signals in the right frontal lobe, temporal lobe, insular lobe, occipital lobe and thalamus before the treatment. As for this patient, it was difficult to differentiate CJD from neurosyphilis at first. He was given penicillin treatment and responded well. Those lesions in brain MRI decreased after treatment. This case was reported to raise the awareness of early treatment of neruosyphilis and showed a special DWI lace-like image of this disease. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.04.016

Objective To delineate the cerebral metabolic patterns presented in 18F-FDG PET images in various types of dementia with SPM analysis. Methods Patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET scanning with a retrospectively confirmed diagnosis according to strictly defined clinical research criteria were studied. Clinical follow-up enabled appropriate patient inclusion. A total of 62 patients were included, of which 20 patients were diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease (AD), 20 frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 10 dementia with Lewy body (DLB), 7 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 3 primary progressive aphasia (PPA), 1 corticobasal ganglionic degeneration (CBD), 1 multiple system atrophy (MSA). 18F-FDG PET images of each group were analyzed and compared to 20 healthy controls using SPM5. Results Disease-specific patterns of relatively decreased metabolic activity were found in AD (bilateral parietotemporal regions and frontal regions sparing sensorimotor cortex), FTD (asymmetric frontotemporal regions), DLB (occipital lobe, visual cortex and bilateral superior temporal gyrus), PSP (bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterolateral temporal regions, caudate nucleus and mesencephalon), PPA (Broca's area in left frontal lobe, left temporal cortex excepting posterior superior temporal gyrus, CBD (asymmetricly involved cortical regions, prodominately on right side, around bilateral central sulcus and right basal ganglia), MSA (bilateral cerebellum dorsolateral cortex and left putamen), and right medial temporal cortex). Conclusions Specific dementia related cerebral metabolic patterns in 18F-FDG PET might assist in early differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.04.008

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.01.018

It was only 3 years ago that the fusion gene between echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like4 (EML4) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has been identified in a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EML4-ALK is most often detected in never smokers with lung adenocarcinoma and has unique pathologic features. EML4-ALK fusion gene is oncogenic, which could be suppressed by ALK-inhibitor through blocking the downstream signaling passway of EML4-ALK. This review will focus on the molecular structure, function, biology, detection method and the diagnostic and therapeutic meaning of EML4-ALK of lung cancer.

Background and objective The aim of this study is to observe the changes of MMP-2 and its regulators, and to investigate the mechanism of the two administration sequences of recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin) and docetaxel. Methods The experiment was performed as 2 stages. Firstly, nude mice with xenograft tumor were randomized into 2 groups as rh-endostatin-treated group with rh-endostatin 400 μg•d-1, d1-d14 and docetaxel-traeted group with docetaxel 10 mg•kg-1•3d-1, d1-d14. Secondly, nude mice with xenograft tumor were randomized into 3 groups as concurrent administration group (rh-endostatin 400 μg•d-1, d1-d35, docetaxel 10 mg•kg-1•3d-1, d1-d19), endo-first group (rh-endostatin 400 μg•d-1, d1-d35, docetaxel 10 mg•kg-1•3d-1, d16-d34) and model group (positive control, mice burdened tumor without treatment). The volume of tumor was measured during treatment. Detection of the expressions of MMP-2, TIMP-2, EMMPRIN and the count of microvessel density (MVD) by immunohistochemistry stain examination were carried out at the end of experiment. Results Compared with the docetaxel-treated group, more obvious down-regulation of expression of MMP-2, EMMPRIN (P=0.024, P=0.081) were observed in rh-endostatin-treated group. No significant difference was found in TIMP-2 expression between the 2 groups. In combined treatment groups, at the endpoint tumor volumes of concurrent administration group and the endo-first group were remarkably smaller than that in model group (P

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.12.012

Abstract: In order to isolate cellulase-producing bacteria from the overrotten soil and further study the cellulose degradation ability of the strain, a wild cellulose-degrading strain ZG2-3 was screened by using the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) - congo red staining method. Then, the 16 S rRNA molecular identification was used to identify the species, and four commercial cellulose-degrading bacteria strains were screened from the promoting-decomposing agent. Last, the enzyme activity differences between the wild cellulose-degrading bacteria and the commercial cellulose-degrading bacteria were compared. The results showed that one strain of bacteria with high cellulose degradation ability, ZG2-3, was screened by using the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) - congo red staining method, which was collected and isolated from the overrotten soil under the osmanthus forest in Zhushan Park, Loudi City. ZG2-3 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity and filter paper enzyme (FPA) activity of ZG2-3 were 0.054 IU·mL-1 and 0.02 IU·mL-1, respectively, and the CMCase activity of ZG2-3 was significantly higher than that of the commercial cellulose-degrading bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyzed the changes in the number of publications, the status of authorship and institutional cooperation, and the evolution of research themes in the field of electrostatic spinning in China based on CNKI database using CiteSpace visual metrics, and compared with the international research themes in the years from 2018 to 2022. The volume of domestic authors' publications in the field of electrostatic spinning showed a trend of increasing year by year; the local density of author co-occurrence network was large, and the overall density was small; there was close cooperation between universities involved in electrostatic spinning research. The research in electrospinning field in China is mainly focused on the preparation of fibers and the application of nanofibers in the fields of biomedicine, air filtration, water treatment, energy devices, protection, sensing, etc., which is similar to the international research hotspot of electrostatic spinning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State maintenance is the key to human health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) beauty and health management systems should take "state identification" as the core to identify, evaluate, and intervene with the local and overall health state of the skin and the body shape, so as to manage and maintain diseases that may affect a person ' s beauty. The TCM beauty and health management system should attach importance to the combination of "three-view" and "four-state" management, that is, to collect the parameter information of skin, body shape, and overall state at the macro, meso, and microscopic levels from a holistic point of view and comprehensively analyze these by the four diagnostic methods, to distinguish and identify the disease-free state, the disease-prone state, the diseased state, and the post-disease state, and to use the corresponding intervention means to adjust the state. Meanwhile, we should standardize the process of TCM beauty and health management and solve the key issues of the five core contents in the construction of this system, in order to provide complete, dynamic, and personalized management services for beauty seekers, which is of great significance for promoting the intersection and integration of TCM health management and TCM cosmetology and maintaining human health and beauty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To develop a specialized light trap for Dendroctonus armandi Tsai et Li. [Methods] The phototactic response of adult D. armandi beetles to LED lights of different wavelengths was studied in a laboratory and the relative attractiveness of different wavelengths to both male and female adults analyzed. [Results] All light wavelengths tested 365-665 nm, 1 000 lx elicited phototactic behavioral responses. Female adults were most sensitive to ultraviolet light (365-370 nm) with a 60% phototaxis rate, whereas males were most sensitive to green light (515-535 nm) with a 52.5% phototaxis rate. Neither sex was photophobic to any wavelength. The sexes differed significantly (P<0.01) in their response to red light (655-665 nm) but not to any other wavelength (P>0.05). Light intensity had a significant effect on phototaxis in the ultraviolet region (365-370 nm); both sexes were most attracted to a light intensity of 1 000 lx. [Conclusion] Males are more sensitive to light intensity, which suggests that there could be sexual differences in the photoreceptor system of adult D. armandi. These results provide a scientific basis for research and development of a light trap for adult D. armandi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To investigate the phototaxis of Kaburagia rhusicola Takagi adults to different light wavelengths, and the effects of phototaxis on collection efficiency, in order to develop a special collection device for these aphids. [Methods] The phototaxis of K. rhusicola to 21 monochromatic lights from 325-770 nm was measured in a laboratory and differences in the number of aphids trapped by 4 different types of light were analyzed. [Results] Every monochromatic light (325-770 nm, 15 lx) induced phototactic responses. Summer migrants significantly preferred red light (670 nm) to all other wavelengths except 460 nm (P< 0.01). In addition to 670 nm, three other light wavelengths; 460, 610, and 590 nm, were also significantly preferred to the other wavelengths (P < 0.05). The relative attractiveness of four different light wavelengths in mobile collection devices specially designed for collecting the summer migrants was tested over three days. There were large differences in the capture-time curves of the 4 wavelengths. The curves of the orange LED light (600- 610 nm), the red LED light (655-665 nm) and the white fluorescent light were all "convex" shapes. However, that of the blue LED light (450-460 nm) was "concave". [Conclusion] Summer migrants are most attracted to 670, 460, 610 and 590 nm monochromatic lights. The combination of a movable collecting device and an LED light source can improve the collection efficiency of summer migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the influence of the Torch Program, the high-tech zone construction projects are experiencing rapid development. With the wide application of the PPP, the high-tech zone construction project shows the features such as large-scale size, high complexity of demand, diversification of investment subject, and government intervention. On this basis, knowledge management and communication of high-tech zone construction projects face huge challenges. Through the lens of meta-network, this study takes Jinan high-tech zone construction project as an example to explore the density, centrality and key nodes of knowledge communication network during the project organization evolution process. These findings provide a new perspective for the study of knowledge propagation in the project organization and contribute to a better understanding of the knowledge diffusion characteristics as well as the implementation of knowledge management strategy in the hi-tech zone construction projects. EN [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective The preferred therapy for patients with pulmonary nodules which highly suspected as lung cancer by low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) is surgery, but the best screening method of whole body is not clear yet. Te aim of this study is to investigate the differences in the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with Ia stage non-small cell lung cancer after screening of positron emission computed tomography (PET)-CT and conventional imaging (B-ultrasound/CT/MRI/ECT, BCME). Methods A total of 300 cases of Ia stage non-small cell lung cancer were collected, of which 170 cases were performed PET-CT and 130 cases were performed BCME before operation. Te basic characteristics of the two groups were analyzed by propensity score matching (PSM), and 114 cases of each group were included in the study. Te survival analysis was carried out by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and the Cox regression analysis. Results There was no significant difference between each group analyzed by PSM. The PFS of PET-CT and BCME were (44.9±27.2) months and (44.1±33.1) months (χ²=1.284, P=0.257). Both of the method ssucceed in screening. It is not the PFS influence factors. Te false positive of PET-CT and BCME were 10 cases and 8 cases (χ² =0.241, P=0.623). Conclusion Both PET-CT and BCME can be used as a screening method for Ia stage non-small cell lung cancer according to individualized choice of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovery growth of Microcystis aeruginosa after sub-high temperature stress was investigated in this paper. The treated groups under 35 °C were cultured for 3, 6, and 12 days before being transferred to normal conditions, and the algae under 25 °C all the time was set as the control. Cell density, chlorophyll a, carotenoid, malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes activities were measured. The results showed that the growth of M. aeruginosa was inhibited significantly under the sub-high temperature stress. The cell density and chlorophyll a content were 14.5% and 22.3% lower than the control respectively on the 12th day, but carotenoid synthesis was not inhibited obviously. The longer the stress was, the higher the malondialdehyde content and SOD, CAT activities became. After the relief of stress, algal cells got recovered with the decreasing malondialdehyde content and antioxidase activities. The 3-, 6-and 12-day stress treatments at 35 °C showed under- compensation, over-compensation and exact-compensation, respectively, indicating that the compensatory degree was decided by the time under stress. As the recovery time proceeded, the difference between treated groups and the control reduced gradually. The growth parameters tended to be stable. Regression equations of cell density and chlorophyll a changing with the stress time and recovery time were revealed. The compensation effect of M. aeruginosa was similar to the process of algal bloom. According to this endogenous biological characteristic, this study provided a theoretical support for prediction system of algal bloom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effects of selective laser melting (SLM) deposition basal crowns and cobalt chromium alloy casting base crowns. METHODS: One hundred and sixty eight patients treated with either SLM deposition basal crowns (110 teeth) or cobalt chromium alloy casting basal crowns (110 teeth) were followed-up for 1 month, 6months, 12months and 24 months. The revised standard of American Public Health Association was used to evaluate the clinical effect of restoration, including the color of porcelain crowns, gingival inflammation, gingival margin discoloration, and crack or fracture. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS 20 software package for Student's t test and Chi-square test. RESULTS: Six cases were lost to follow-up. The patients who were treated with SLM deposition basal crowns (104 teeth) and cobalt chromium alloy casting base crowns (101 teeth) completed the study. Patients were more satisfied with SLM deposition cobalt chromium alloy porcelain crowns. There was 1 prosthesis with poor marginal fit after 24 months of restoration in SLM crowns. There were 6 prostheses with edge coloring and 8 with poor marginal fit in cobalt chromium alloy casting base crowns, which was significantly different between the 2 groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The SLM deposition copings results in smaller edge coloring and better marginal fit than those of cobalt-chrome copings. Patients are pleased with short-term clinical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the expression of glutathione-s-transferase M1 (GSTM1), an important enzyme participating in endotoxin metabolism, in colon cancer cell iines and the association of GSTM1 with its genotypes and promoter methylaion. Methods The genotypes of GSTM1 were detected wtth mutiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. GSTM1 methylation in the promoter was detected in 6 colon cancer cell iines by methylation-specific (MSP) PCR. GSTM1 expresiion in 6 colon cancer cell lines was also assayed by RT-PCR after 5-aza-dC treatment. Results GSTM1-positive genotypes were detected in HT29, SW480 and SW1116 cel-s. GSTM1-null genotypes were detected in HCT116, Lovo and Colo cells. GSTM1 gene promoter was unmethylated in SW1116 cell. GSTM1 promoter methylation was detected in the other 5 cell Unes by MSP, and GSTM1 expression was reactivated in HT29 and SW480 cel-s after 5-aza-dC treatment. Conclusion GSTM1 gene transcriptions controlled by both the genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic promoter methylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the particularity of operational hybrid dynamic process, a class of corresponding warfare hybrid dynamic systems is established using Lanchester equation. Under some reasonable assumptions, the problem of building the optimal control of warfare hybrid dynamic system is investigated on the condition of fixed variable tactics sequences, and its solving method is given based on dynamic programming principle and differential game theory. Finally, a numerical example shows the feasibility of warfare hybrid system and the effectiveness of the optimal control strategies designed. The research results may provide theory reference for warfare command decision making and game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the shear bond strength and bonding ability between the new nano-hydroxyapatite composite resin and tooth structure. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy isolated molars were randomly assigned to 3 groups according to the material employed: new nano-hydroxyapatite composite resin, composite resin karisma and glass ionomer cement. After thermal cycling, the data of shear bond strength was recorded, and the type of specimen fracture section was observed under stereo microscope. The data was analyzed statistically by SPSS17.0 software package. RESULTS: The average shear bonding strength of nano-hydroxyapatite composite resin was (11.23±4.6082) N/mm²,and that of composite resin charisma and glass ionomer cement was (14.49 ±7.9855) N/mm² and (10.08 ±6.3701) N/mm², respectively. No significant difference was found among 3 groups. The bonding fracture mode of each specimen had no significant difference(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As a new dental restorative material, new nano-hydroxyapatite composite resin has superior bonding ability and can be used in clinical therapy. Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Y2008C159). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]