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Objective: To investigate serum vitamin A and vitamin D status in children aged 2-<7 years in 20 cities in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 2 924 healthy children aged 2-<7 years were recruited from September 2018 to September 2019 from 20 cities in China, categorized by age groups of 2-<3 years, 3-<5 years, and 5-<7 years. The demographic and economic characteristics and health-related information of the enrolled children were investigated. Body weight and height were measured by professional staff members. The serum vitamin A and vitamin D levels were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were applied to analyze the association between vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as well as their underlying impact factors. Results: The age of the 2 924 enrolled children was 4.33 (3.42, 5.17) years. There were 1 726 males (59.03%) and 1 198 females (40.97%). The prevalences of vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency in enrolled children were 2.19% (64/2 924) and 3.52% (103/2 924), respectively, and the insufficiency rates were 29.27% (856/2 924) and 22.20% (649/2 924), respectively. Children with both vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies or insufficiencies were found in 10.50% (307/2 924) of cases. Both vitamin A ( χ 2 = 7.91 and 8.06, both P =0.005) and vitamin D ( χ 2 = 71.35 and 115.10, both P <0.001) insufficiency rates were higher in children aged 3-<5 and 5-<7 years than those in children aged 2-<3 years. Vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation in the last 3 months was a protective factor for vitamin A and D deficiency and insufficiency, respectively ( OR =0.68 and 0.22, 95% CI 0.49-0.95 and 0.13-0.40, both P <0.05). The rates of vitamin A and D insufficiency was higher in children with annual household incomes <60 000 RMB than in those with annual household incomes ≥60 000 RMB ( χ 2 = 34.11 and 10.43, both P <0.01). Northwest and Southwest had the highest rates of vitamin A and vitamin D insufficiency in children aged 2-<7 yeas, respectively ( χ 2 = 93.22 and 202.54, both P <0.001). Conclusions: Among 20 cities in China, children aged 2-<7 years experience high rates of vitamin A and vitamin D insufficiency, which are affected by age, family economic level, vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation, and regional economic level. The current results suggest that high level of attention should be paid to vitamin A and vitamin D nutritional status of preschool children.

Objective: To establish the norms and clinical application standards of mass spectrometry method to measure vitamin D in capillary blood. Methods: Following the "Province-City-Hospital" sampling procedure, a cross-sectional sample of 1 655 healthy children under 7 years of age were recruited from 12 provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities in China from November 2020 to December 2021. Both venous and capillary blood samples from the same individual were collected, for which serum 25(OH)D levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method. Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to detect the correlation and determine a correction algorithm. The agreement was analyzed using Bland-Altman plot and Kappa statistic. The sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method. Results: Venous and capillary 25(OH)D levels of 1 655 healthy children under 7 years of age were 74.25 (59.50, 92.00) and 68.75 (54.44, 86.25) nmol/L, respectively, showed a significant difference( Z =22.14, P <0.001) as well as a highly significant correlation between venous and capillary 25(OH)D levels( r =0.95, P <0.001). Linear regression analysis was then performed to determine the correction algorithm: lg(corrected capillary 25(OH)D)=0.13+0.95×lg(capillary 25(OH)D)( R 2 =0.90, P <0.001). The deviation between venous and corrected capillary 25(OH)D levels was (0.50±17.50) nmol/L, a difference value that did not reach statistical significance ( P >0.05). The cut-off values of capillary blood 25(OH)D values 30.00, 50.00, 75.00 nmol/L corresponding to venous blood 25(OH)D values were 26.59, 45.56, and 69.84 nmol/L, respectively. Good consistency was observed between venous and corrected capillary 25(OH)D levels in clinical diagnosis (Kappa value 0.68-0.81). Corrected capillary 25(OH)D showed a high clinically predictive value (area under curve 0.97-0.99,sensitivity 0.72-0.92,specificity 0.89-0.99). Conclusion: The standardized capillary HPLC-MS/MS method can be used to detect 25(OH)D levels in children clinically.

Objective: To explore the effect of epidural labor analgesia duration on the outcomes of different anesthetic approaches for conversion to cesarean section., Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of pregnant women undergoing conversion from epidural labor analgesia to cesarean section at Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Jinjiang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital between July, 2019 and June, 2020. For cesarean section, the women received epidural anesthesia when the epidural catheter was maintained in correct position with effective analgesia, spinal anesthesia at the discretion of the anesthesiologists, or general anesthesia in cases requiring immediate cesarean section or following failure of epidural anesthesia or spinal anesthesia. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the cutoff value of the analgesia duration using Youden index. The women were divided into two groups according to the cut off value for analyzing the relative risk using cross tabulations., Results: A total of 820 pregnant women undergoing conversion to cesarean section were enrolled in this analysis, including 615 (75.0%) in epidural anesthesia group, 186 (22.7%) in spinal anesthesia group, and 19 (2.3%) in general anesthesia group; none of the women experienced failure of epidural or spinal anesthesia. The mean anesthesia duration was 8.2±4.7 h in epidural anesthesia, 10.6±5.1 h in spinal anesthesia group, and 6.7 ± 5.2 h in general anesthesia group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that prolongation of analgesia duration by 1 h (OR=1.094, 95% CI : 1.057-1.132, P < 0.001) and an increase of cervical orifice by 1 cm (OR=1.066, 95% CI : 1.011-1.124, P =0.017) were independent risk factors for epidural analgesia failure. The cutoff value of analgesia duration was 9.5 h, and beyond that duration the relative risk of receiving spinal anesthesia was 1.204 (95% CI : 1.103-2.341, P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Prolonged epidural labor analgesia increases the risk of failure of epidural analgesia for conversion to epidural anesthesia. In cases with an analgesia duration over 9.5 h, spinal anesthesia is recommended if immediate cesarean section is not required.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions represent the second most common oncogenic driver mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As the new class of 3rd generation of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), lorlatinib has shown robust potency and brain-penetrant clinical activity against a wide spectrum of multiple resistance mutations within the ALK domain detected during crizotinib and 2nd generation ALK TKI treatment. Lorlatinib is generally well-tolerated with unique adverse drug reaction/adverse event, including hyperlipidemia and central nervous system effects, which are mostly mild to moderate severity and manageable through dosage modifications and/or standard medical intervention. For advanced NSCLC with ALK positivity, patients should be evaluated for baseline characteristics and pre-existing medication, informed of the potential toxicities, and periodically monitored to balance benefits and risks. Moreover, a multidisciplinary group of experts is essential to establish a comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategy.
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Objective: To explore current vitamin D status and influential factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among children under 7 years of age in 11 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities of China. Methods: According to the "province-city-hospital" sampling technical route, a total of 1 531 healthy children under 7 years of age were sampled from 11 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities in China by the cluster random sampling method from November 2020 to November 2021. The demographic information, family conditions, behavior and living habits and feeding behaviors were collected using unified questionnaire. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Serum 25(OH)D<30 nmol/L was considered deficient and 30-50 nmol/L was considered insufficient. With 25(OH)D≤50 nmol/L as the dependent variable, multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the association between vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency and potential influential factors. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among children under 7 years of age in 11 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities of China was 14.0% (215/1 531), 3.8% (25/664) and 21.9% (190/867) in 0-<3 and 3-<7 of age years, respectively. Compared to children aged 0-<3 years, children aged 3-<7 years had a 2.6-fold increased risk of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency ( OR =3.60, 95% CI 1.93-6.72, P <0.001). Frequent sunlight exposure ( OR =0.46, 95% CI 0.29-0.73, P =0.001), vitamin D supplementation (sometimes, OR =0.33, 95% CI 0.21-0.51, P <0.001; daily, OR =0.20, 95% CI 0.11-0.36, P <0.001) and infant formula intake(4-7 times per weeks, OR =0.43, 95% CI 0.28-0.68, P <0.001) were protective factors for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common among children under 7 years of age in 11 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities of China, which is affected by age, sunlight exposure, vitamin D supplementation and infant formula intake.

Objective: To investigate the application effect of augmented reality and mixed reality navigation technology in three-dimensional(3D) laparoscopic narrow right hepatectomy(LRH). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 5 patients with hepatic malignancy admitted to the First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,Zhujiang Hospital,Southern Medical University from September 2020 to June 2021,all of whom were males,aged from 42 to 74 years.Preoperative evaluation was performed using the self-developed 3D abdominal medical image visualization system; if all the 5 patients were to receive right hemihepatectomy,the remnant liver volume would be insufficient,so LRH were planned.During the operation,the independently developed 3D laparoscopic augmented reality and mixed reality surgical navigation system was used to perform real-time multi-modal image fusion and interaction between the preoperative 3D model and 3D laparoscopic scene.Meanwhile,intraoperative ultrasound assisted indocyanine green fluorescence was used to determine the surgical path.In this way,the LRH under the guidance of augmented reality and mixed reality navigation was completed.The predicted liver resection volume was evaluated before surgery,actual resected liver volume,surgical indicators and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: All the 5 patients completed LRH under the guidance of augmented reality and mixed reality navigation technology,with no conversion to laparotomy.The median operative time was 300 minutes(range:270 to 360 minutes),no intraoperative blood transfusion was performed,and the median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days(range:7 to 9 days).There were no perioperative deaths,or postoperative complications such as liver failure,bleeding,or biliary fistula. Conclusion: For patients who need to undergo LRH,the use of augmented and mixed reality navigation technology can safely and effectively guide the implementation of surgery,retain more functional liver volume,improve surgical safety,and reduce postoperative complications.

Objective: To analyze the intake and structure of energy and macronutrients of farmers under three kinds of job types: working, farming and housework in China, and analyzes the intake status under different work intensity., Methods: Based on the data of China Nutrition and Health Survey in 2010-2012, this paper analyzed the dietary intake of farmers over 18 years old at three job types and different work intensities., Results: The energy intake of farmers in China was 2149. 5 kcal/d, and that of men and women were 2345. 2 kcal/d and 1985. 4 kcal/d, respectively. Farming farmers took in the highest energy and the domestic farmers took in the lowest energy. The average protein intake of farmers was 60. 8 g, 66. 0 g for men and 56. 4 g for women. The protein intake of working, farming and housework farmers, showed a downward trend. The fat intake of farmers was 66. 6 g, including 71. 9 g for men and 62. 1 g for women. With the three main forms of working, farming and housework, the fat intake showed a downward trend. The carbohydrate intake of farmers was 327. 5 g, including 354. 6 g for men and 304. 7 g for women, with farming farmers taking in the highest carbohydrate. Among the working farmers, under the light, medium and heavy work intensity, the intake of carbohydrate increased in turn, but protein and fat had no obvious characteristics; among the farming workers, under the light, medium and heavy work intensity, carbohydrate, protein and fat showed an increasing trend. There were also differences in the dietary structure characteristics among the three job types of working, farming and housework. The proportion of energy from protein and fat was higher in working farmers, the proportion of high-quality protein was close to 35%, the proportion of energy from carbohydrate was the highest in farming farmers, the proportion of high-quality protein was only 27%, the proportion of high-quality protein in household farmers was 30%, and the ratio of fat to energy in both farming and household farmers was less than 30%. Among working farmers, under the light, medium and heavy work intensity, the proportion of energy from carbohydrate increased, while the proportion of protein from animal food decreased; among farming farmers, under the light, medium and heavy work intensity, the proportion of protein from animal food increased slightly., Conclusion: There are some differences in the energy and macronutrients intake among the working farmers, farming farmers and household farmers in China. The farming farmers have the most energy intake, and with the increase of work intensity, the proportion of carbohydrate intake increases, and the protein intake is insufficient, especially the heavy work intensity. The nutrition needs of the population should get more attention.

Abstract: Objective The tests of three types of auditory evoked potentials （AEPs） were performed on normal young adults, to understand the frequency characteristics of different testing methods and the relationship between response threshold and pure tone audiometry threshold of different methods, and to discuss the forensic value of 3 types of AEPs to evaluate hearing function. Methods Twenty normal young adults were selected, their standard pure tone audiometry threshold, short-term pure tone audiometry threshold and the response threshold of 3 types of AEPs （tone burst-auditory brainstem response, 40 Hz auditory event-related potential and slow vertex response） at 0.5 kHz, 1.0 kHz, 2.0 kHz and 4.0 kHz were recorded. The relationship between the response threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold, short-term pure tone audiometry threshold of 3 types of AEPs at different frequencies as well as the differences between different types of AEPs were analyzed. Results The short-term pure tone audiometry threshold was higher than the standard pure tone audiometry threshold at each frequency. The response threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold of the 3 types of AEPs all had a certain correlation, and the response threshold of the 3 types of AEPs was higher than short-term pure tone audiometry threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold at each frequency. The differences in the differences between the response threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold of the 3 types of AEPs at different frequencies had statistical significance. Linear regression mathematical models were established to infer the standard pure tone audiometry threshold （hearing level） from response threshold （sound pressure level） of 3 types of AEPs of normal young adults. Conclusion When using response threshold of different types of AEPs to estimate pure tone audiometry threshold, conversion and correction are needed. Combined use of different types of AEPs could improve the accuracy of hearing function evaluation., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.)

Objective: To study the provincial prevalence of overweight and obesity among 0-5 years old children in China in 2013., Methods: Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance among 0-5 years Children and Lactating Women in 2013. A stratified multistage cluster sampling was used among 0-5 years children from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities and selected 55 districts/counties. The weight and height measurement was conducted using a standard method. The questionnaire was used to collect the information of children. The WHO 2006 growth standard and WHO 2007 growth reference were used to define the overweight and obesity in children. The data was calculated using the post-stratified weight based on provincial census from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2010., Results: The sample participants were 32 861 in 2013. The provincial prevalence of overweight was in 3. 3%-16. 1% and in 0. 6%-9. 7% for obesity. Among the provinces with urban survey sites, the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity was Shandong(14. 3% and 5. 2%), the lowest was Hainan(3. 3% and 0. 6%). Among the provinces with rural survey sites, the highest rate of overweight was Shanxi(16. 1%)and the lowest was Qinghai(3. 3%), while the highest rate of obesity was Shanxi(9. 7%)and the lowest was Qinghai(0. 7%). Among the provinces with both urban and rural survey sites, the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity was in Hebei(14. 3% and 6. 6%), the lowest was in Guizhou(3. 5% and 0. 9%)., Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among 0-5 years old children was higher in central and middle region in China.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and variation of hypotension in Chinese adults residents in 2002 and 2010-2012., Methods: Data of the blood pressure measurements from 2002 and 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey(CNNHS), a multistage stratified cluster random sampling survey was conducted in 2002, and the sample size was 147 488, 64 869 males, 82 619 females, 50 123 urban residents, 97 365 rural residents, 71 078 northern residents and 76 410 southern residents. A multi-stage stratified and population-proportional cluster random sampling method was used in 2010-2012, and the sample size of was 120 427, 52 499 males, 67 928 females, 60 214 urban residents, 60 213 rural residents, 53 863 northern residents and 66 564 southern residents. The population data published by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2009 was used as a standard population of the data result for 2002 and 2010-2012. Complex sampling weighting method was adopted in data analyses. The prevalence of hypotension and 95%CI in different populations were calculated. Chi-square test was used to compare the rates, multi-factor analysis was conducted by using SURVEYLOGISTIC model regression., Results: In 2002, the prevalence rate of hypotension in Chinese adults was 3. 0%, 1. 9% in males, 4. 1% in females, 2. 7% in urban residents, 3. 3% in rural residents, 2. 8% in northern residents and 3. 2% in southern residents. The prevalence rate of hypotension was the highest in 18-44 age group(4. 3%). Among people with different body mass index(BMI), the prevalence of hypotension was higher in low weight group(7. 0%). From 2010 to 2012, the prevalence rate of hypotension in Chinese adults was 2. 1%, 1. 1% in males, 3. 2% in females, 1. 9% in urban residents, 2. 2% in rural residents, 1. 8% in northern residents and 2. 3%in southern residents. The prevalence rate of hypotension was the highest in 18-44 age group(3. 1%). Among people with different BMI, the prevalence of hypotension was higher in low weight group(7. 4%). The total prevalence of hypotension in adult residents in China from 2010 to 2012 was lower than that in 2002, and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2= 624. 3, P <0. 0001). In 2002 and 2010-2012, the prevalence of hypotension in adult residents of China decreased with the increase of age, and the prevalence of hypotension in men and women also decreased with the increase of age. Women were higher than men, the lower age group was higher than the higher age group, and the lower weight group was higher than the normal population. The differences were statistically significant. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis also showed that lower age group, women and people with low weight were more prone to develop hypotension., Conclusion: In 2002 and 2010-2012, the total prevalence of hypotension in adult residents of China, and that of hypotension in both men and women decreased with the increase of age. Women were higher than men, the lower age group was higher than the higher age group, and the lower weight group was higher than the normal population. 18-44 age group, women and low weight group are more likely to have low blood pressure. Compared with 2002, the total prevalence of hypotension in Chinese adult residents showed a decreasing trend from 2010 to 2012.

Objective: To analyze the weight recognition and control among women aged 15-49 in China., Methods: Data was from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2010-2013. Stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used. The data of 35 664(16 914 urban women and 18 750 rural women) 15-49 years old women of childbearing age was used. The basic information was collected by questionnaires. Physical measurement indexes such as height and weight were collected., Results: Among overweight and obese women of childbearing age, only 34. 9%(95%CI 34. 2%-35. 6%) of them correctly judged themselves overweight or obese, and 61. 4%(95% CI 60. 6%-62. 1%) of them thought they were normal weight; 10. 8%(95%CI10. 3%-11. 2%) of the normal-weight women thought they were overweight; while 3. 0%(95% CI 2. 6%-3. 4%) of the low-weight women thought they were overweight. Only17. 1%(95% CI 16. 4%-17. 8%) of overweight and obese women of childbearing age take weight control measures. In addition, 3. 6%(95% CI 3. 1%-4. 1%) of low-weight women of childbearing age and 9. 7%(95% CI 9. 3%-10. 1%) of normal-weight women took weight control measures, respectively. The proportion of women aged 15-24 taking weight control measures was higher than that of women aged 25-34 and 35-49, 14. 8%(95% CI 13. 3%-16. 4%), 12. 2%(95% CI 11. 1%-13. 2%) and 10. 0%(95% CI9. 3%-10. 1%), respectively. The proportion of women aged 15-24 taking weight control measures was the highest among normal weight women and overweight and obese women, 13. 9%(95% CI 13. 1%-14. 7%) and 26. 9%(95% CI 26. 4%-27. 4%), respectively., Conclusion: At present, there were more women of childbearing age in China who could not correctly assess their own body weight, leading to the inability to take correct weight control measures.

Objective: To study the application value of augmented-reality (AR) surgical navigation technology combined with indocyanine green (ICG) molecular fluorescence imaging in three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic hepatectomy. Methods: The clinical data of forty-eight patients who had undergone 3D laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma at First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2018 to April 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups: the group of 3D laparoscopic hepatectomy navigated by augment reality technology combined with ICG molecular fluorescence imaging (Group A) , and group of conventional 3D laparoscopic hepatectomy (Group B) . Patients in Group A ( n= 23) underwent 3D laparoscopic hepatectomy using augmented-reality technology combined with ICG molecular fluorescence imaging. In this group, the self-developed three-dimensional laparoscopic augmented-reality surgical navigation system (No. 2018SR840555) was operated to project the preoperative three-dimensional model to the surgical field, and the use of this system in combination with ICG molecular fluorescence imaging navigated laparoscopic hepatectomy. No surgical navigation technology was applied in Group B ( n= 25) . All patients signed the informed consent, which were in accordance with the requirements of medical ethics (Ethics No.: 2018-GDYK-003) . The preoperative data, surgical indicators and postoperative complications between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: The median amount of intraoperative blood loss of Group A was 250 (200) ml ( M ( Q(R) ) ) , which was significantly lower than that of Group B (300 (150) ml) ( Z= -2.307, P= 0.021) .The transfusion rate of Group A was 13.0% (3/23) , which was significantly lower than that of Group B (40.0%, 10/25) (χ(2)=4.408, P= 0.036) .The median postoperative hospitalization time of Group A was 8 (2) d, which was significantly shorter than that of Group B (11 (6.5) d) ( Z= -2.694, P= 0.007) . There were no serious complications and perioperative death in both groups.The incidence of postoperative complications in Group A was 17.4% (4/23) , which was not significantly different from that in group B (28%, 7/25) (χ(2)=0.763, P= 0.382) . Conclusion: Augmented-reality surgical navigation technology combined with ICG molecular fluorescence imaging has better effect in 3D laparoscopic hepatectomy.

Objective: To examine the association between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome(MS) among Chinese men and women aged 18 years and older., Methods: The 2010᾿012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey(CNNHS) used multi-stage stratified cluster randomization sampling method to select study participants. Basic information, health-related behaviors and diseases history were collected by questionnaire. Drink information was collected by food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the updated NCEP ATP III criteria. A total of 102 591 participants aged 18 years and older were included in the analysis. Logistic regression model was performed to examine the association between alcohol consumption and MS. Restricted cubic spline(RCS) was performed to explore the dose response relation of alcohol intake and MS., Results: The drink rate was 33. 66% in Chinese adults aged 18 years and older. Compared with non-drinkers, men who consumed⇿0 g/time had a lower MS prevalence(OR=0. 77, 95%CI 0. 66-0. 90). There was a linear dose response association between alcohol intake and MS among men but not among women. In men, there was no association between drinking type and MS. The OR of MS were 0. 91(95%CI 0. 81-1. 03), 0. 90(95%CI 0. 75-1. 08), 0. 85(95%CI 0. 54-1. 36), and 0. 96(95%CI 0. 84-1. 10) among men who consumed liquor, beer, wine, and mixed liquor. Compared with non-drinkers, women who drink liquor or mixed liquor had a decrease MS prevalence. The OR were 0. 74(95%CI 0. 56-0. 98) and 0. 78(95%CI 0. 66-0. 91). The association between drinking frequency and MS had no statistical significance and the P-trend was 0. 11 in men and 0. 31 in women., Conclusion: There is a linear dose response association between alcohol intake and MS among men but not in women. Men consumed >20 g/time have an increased MS prevalence.

Objective: To observe the relationship between impaired myocardial untwisting and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with autoimmune diseases (AD). Methods: In this retrospective study, 95 AD patients (27 males, (38.6±14.2) years old) were enrolled as AD group and 71 gender and age matched healthy subjects (24 males, (37.6±12.2) years old) were enrolled as control group, all underwent transthoracic echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in our hospital between January 2014 and June 2018. Left ventricular untwisting and diastolic function parameters were measured. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify related factors of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in AD patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify the diagnosis value of untwisting parameters for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in AD patients. Results: Compared with control group, left ventricular ejection fraction was lower (58(47, 66)% vs. 67 (62, 71) %, P< 0.001), E/e' was higher (10.78 (7.28, 13.65) vs. 6.30 (5.55, 7.25) , P< 0.001), isovolumic relaxation time was longer (73.5 (56.5, 88.0) ms vs. 62.0 (58.0, 68.5) ms, P< 0.001),and untwist slope during isovolumic relaxation period (USIR) was lower (31.92 (14.09, 54.92) °/s vs. 59.90 (40.09, 87.18) °/s, P< 0.001) in AD group than in control group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed heart rate ( OR= 0.885, 95 %CI 0.840-0.931, P< 0.001), E/e' ( OR= 0.655, 95 %CI 0.537-0.798, P< 0.001) and USIR ( OR= 0.986, 95 %CI 0.974-0.998, P= 0.020) were independently related with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in AD patients. ROC curve showed that area under the curve (AUC) was 0.919 ( P< 0.001), sensitivity was 87.6%, and specificity was 88.7%, when combining the heart rate, E/e', and USIR as assessment parameters for the diagnosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in AD patients at a cutoff of 0.51. Conclusions: Impairment of myocardial untwisting indicates the presence of early stage left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in AD patients. USIR may be a sensitive parameter to evaluate early stage left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in AD patients.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of dopamine modulator methylphenidate (MPH) of extended-release formulations (MPH-ER) augmentation of ongoing fluvoxamine treatment in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and its effects on patient's anxiety and sleep quality.
 Methods: A pilot randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind trial was conducted at an outpatient, single-center academic setting. Participants included 44 adults with serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment-refractory OCD and they received a stable fluvoxamine pharmacotherapy with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores higher than 20. The 44 patients were randomly assigned into a study group and a control group, with 22 patiencs in each group. Fluvoxamine and MPH-ER were given to the study group, while fluvoxamine and placebo were given to the control group, with 8 weeks of the treatment course. Y-BOCS, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assess the efficacy, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate the sleep quality, and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) was used to evaluate the side effects. Data were analyzed in the intention-to-treat sample.
 Results: The improvement in the Y-BOCS total score, Y-BOCS obsession subscale score and HAMA score were more prominent in the study group than those in the control group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in PSQI score and TESS score between the two groups. MPH-ER was well tolerated.
 Conclusion: Fluvoxamine combined with MPH-ER is effective in the treatment of refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. It can improve anxiety and has no adverse effect on sleep quality.

Objective: To describe complementary feeding time among 0-5 years old children in 2013 in China., Methods: Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2013. A stratified multistage cluster sampling was used from 31 provinces( autonomous regions and municipalities) and selected 55 districts/counties. The study included 24 580 children aged 0-5 years. The basic situation and complementary feeding of children aged 0-5 years were collected by questionnaires., Results: The average time for children aged 0-5 years in China to start complementary foods was 6. 1 months. The urban( 5. 7 months) was earlier than the rural( 6. 4 months), large cities, medium and small cities, general rural and poor rural areas were 5. 5, 5. 8, 6. 9 and 5. 5 months, respectively. The proportions of early complementary feeding( < 4 months) and late complementary feeding( > 9 months) were 10. 2 %( n = 2496) and 9. 5%( n = 2336), which were 7. 3% and 5. 5% respectively in urban area and 13. 1% and 13. 7%respectively in rural area. The proportions of early complementary feeding was the highest( 19. 6%) in poor rural areas, the proportions of late complementary feeding was the highest( 15%) in the general rural areas. The rate of introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods was 82. 3%, the urban( 89. 4%) was higher than the rural( 73. 6%), and it was the lowest( 63. 4%) in the poor rural areas., Conclusion: There were both early complementary feeding and late complementary feeding among 0-5 years children in China in 2013, and the regional difference were significant. It is more likely to add complementary foods too early or too late in rural areasthan in urban areas, especially in poor rural areas.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of intercricothyrotomy in emergency airway management. Method: Characteristics of 27 cases underwent surgical cricothyrotomy were analyzed. Result: The main causes of emergency were severe trauma of head and neck, larynx stenosis, interspaces infection of the floor of the mouth and submaxillary space, etc; all the patients were divided into 2 groups : surgical cricothyrotomy as the first choice (group A,16/27) and surgical cricothyrotomy after conventional tracheotomy (group B,11/27); The average time of opening airway for group A was much shorter than group B ［(58.12±24.41)s, (739.09±245.29)s,respectively, P <0.01)］; Bleeding in group A (14 cases) was much less than group B (13 cases) ［(2.36±1.16)ml, (4.65±4.31)ml,respectively, P <0.01］; Except 1 cases died from primary disease, 4 cases with laryngeal stenosis underwent laryngeal dilation with T type expansion tube and 2 cases of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, the average time with tracheal tube of the remaining 20 patients was (12.35±7.29)d, no postoperative complications such as larynx or tracheal stenosis were found. All of them were successfully extubation. Conclusion: Surgical cricothyrotomy procedure is fast and safe with simple and convenient that can be used as the preferred method of rapid airway opening when a critical respiratory tract was difficult to manage., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To study the prevalence and characteristics of overweight and obesity among Chinese children aged 0-5 years, in 2010-2013. Methods: Data was from the'China Nutrition and Health Surveillance-0-5-Years-Old Children and Lactating Women'project in 2013. Stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 55 districts/counties from 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) with the sample size of children as 32 862. Definition of overweight and obesity were according to both the WHO 2006 growth standard in children less than 5-year-old and the WHO 2007 growth reference in children of 5-years-old. Results: were calculated by complex weight based on national census from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2010. Results The overall prevalence of overweight was 8.4 % among the 0-5-year-old in 2013, with 9.4 % in boys and 7.2 % in girls. Both of the rates from urban and rural areas were the same, as 8.4 % . The prevalence rates of overweight in the 0-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48- and 60-71 months age groups appeared as 13.0 % , 11.1 % , 8.3 % , 6.0 % , 4.8 % , 3.9 % and 15.9 % , respectively. The rates of overweight in low, medium and high income families were 8.0 % , 8.8 % and 8.9 % , respectively. The prevalence of obesity was 3.1 % among the 0-5-year-old, with 3.6 % in boys and 2.5 % in girls. There was no significant difference seen in urban (3.3 % ) and rural areas (2.9 % ). The prevalence rates for obesity in the 0-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48- and 60-71 months age groups were 5.8 % , 3.8 % , 2.5 % , 1.6 % , 1.2 % , 1.3 % and 7.8 % , respectively. The rates of obesity in low, medium and high income families were 2.8 % , 3.3 % and 3.5 % , respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence rates of both overweight and obesity were increasing among the 0-5-year-olds in China, suggesting that it is necessary to timely conduct the surveillance and intervention programs on overweight and obesity in this target population.

Objective: To describe the mean of systolic blood pressure( SBP), diastolic blood pressure( DBP), and the prevalence of hypertension among 6-17 years old children and adolescents in China in 2010-2012., Methods: Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. The total number was 35 657 which selected through the method of multi-stage stratified cluster randomization sampling and probability proportion to size( PPS). The study objects were 6-17 years old childrenand adolescents in 31 Provinces and 150 sites in China Mainland. Blood pressure was measured by mercury sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was defined using Blood pressure reference standards for Chinese children and adolescents( 2010). Age-standardized result were calculated incorporating a sample weighting using the national census from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2009., Results: The overall mean SBP was 101 mmHg. It was 102 mmHg for boys and 99 mmHg for girls. It showed 94 mmHg and 105 mmHg in 6-11 and 12-17 age groups. The mean DBP was 65 mmHg. Both boys and girls were 65 mmHg. It was 61 mmHg and 68 mmHg in 6-11 and 12-17 age groups. The prevalence of hypertension was 12. 4% in children and adolescents in China. It was 12. 4% in boys and 12. 3% in girls. It showed 7. 3% in 6-11 age group and 15. 6% in 12-17 group. The SBP, DBP and prevalence of hypertension were increased with age. The mean SBP of poor rural area was lowest and there was no difference in SBP and hypertensive prevalence., Conclusion: The government should pay more attention on blood pressure and hypertension in 6-17 years old children and adolescents. It is important to strengthen the surveillance and early detection and prevention.

Objective: To explore the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. Method: In this cross-sectional study, ASD children 4 to 6 years of age who were diagnosed in Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin university from January to May 2017 were assigned to ASD group, and children for routine growth and development assessment in Jilin province were assigned to control group. The two groups were well matched for age and sex, and none of them had received vitamin D supplementation. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured by HPLC-MS/MS method. The patients of the ASD group were assessed with autism behavior checklist (ABC), childhood autism rating scale (CARS), social response scale (SRS), and autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC). The levels of vitamin D were divided into normal(>0.03 ng/L), insufficient (0.01-0.03 ng/L) and deficient (<0.01 ng/L). Levels of serum vitamin D between the two groups were compared by two independent sample t -test, and the difference in the percentages of normal, insufficient and deficient levels of vitamin D was tested by chi-square test, and correlations between vitamin D levels and the total scores or subscales of ABC, CARS, SRS and ATEC were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Result: The 87 subjects in the ASD group included 75 males and 12 females, with a mean (±SD) age of (4.7±0.7) years. The 301 subjects in the control group included 249 males and 52 females, with a mean (±SD) age of (4.8±0.8) years. Serum vitamin D level in ASD children was significantly lower than that of the control group ( (0.021±0.008) vs . (0.036±0.016) ng/L, t= -8.17, P< 0.01), and the between-group percentage difference of normal, insufficient and deficient levels of vitamin D was statistically significant (12 (14%) vs . 186 (62%) , 67 (77%) vs . 113 (37%) , 8 (9%) vs . 2 (1%) , χ(2)=72.1, P< 0.01). There were negative correlations between serum vitamin D level in ASD children and total ABC score or ABC subscale scores (body behavior, self-care, language and social interaction)( r=- 0.531, - 0.397,-0.283,-0.248,-0.262, P= 0.000, 0.000, 0.007, 0.020, 0.014). There were negative correlations between serum vitamin D level in ASD children and total CARS score and CARS subscale scores (imitation, nonverbal communication and general impression) ( r=- 0.352, - 0.216, - 0.248, - 0.216, P= 0.001, 0.046, 0.021, 0.046). There were negative correlations between serum vitamin D level in ASD children and SRS behavior subscale or ATEC social interaction subscale ( r=- 0.536, P= 0.005, r=- 0.400, P= 0.014). Conclusion: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in children with ASD is obviously lower than that in the healthy control group, and there are negative correlations between vitamin D levels and core symptoms of ASD. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-CCC-13004498.

Objective: To investigate the average dietary nutrients intake status among Chinese residents between 2010-2012, and to compare the difference between rural and urban areas. Methods: Data were collected from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance between 2010-2012. Based on regional features and economic development levels, China's county-level divisions were classified into four types: big city, medium and small city, ordinary rural area and poor rural area. A total of 62 857 valid subjects, including 14 017, 16 539, 19 910 and 12 391 respondents in each group separately, were enrolled by Multi-stage stratified proportion to the population cluster random sampling method. The dietary survey was conducted by recalling the 24 h diet in 3 consecutive days and weighting condiment. The daily dietary intake of energy, macronutrient, dietary fiber, vitamin, and mineral substance per resident were calculated based on China Food Composition. Results: The average energy intake per resident in Mainland China was 9 047.1 kJ, with highest (9 719.3 kJ) in poor rural area and lowest (8 490.4 kJ) in medium and small city. The average dietary protein intake was 64.2 g, with highest (73.9 g) in big city and lowest (60.7 g) in poor rural area. The average dietary fat intake was 79.7 g, with highest (89.4 g) in big city and lowest (70.6 g) in poor rural area. The average intake of micronutrients of vitamin A, vitamin B(2), vitamin C, calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc was separately 441.9 μg, 0.8 mg, 80.1 mg, 364.3 mg, and 21.4 mg; which were lower than Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes. The percentage of population whose average intake of vitamin A, vitamin B(2), vitamin C, calcium were lower than estimated average requirement was separately 77.0%, 90.2%, 67.7%, and 96.6%. Conclusion: The supply of 3 macronutrient was sufficient in mainland China. However, it was a common issue that there was excessive intake of fat but deficient intake of micronutrients such as vitamin, calcium, iron and zinc. There were differences in nutrition intake among big city, medium and small city, ordinary rural area and poor rural area.

Objective: To analyze the status of consumption of potato and its related products in Chinese residents from 2010 to 2012., Methods: Data was from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2010-2012. Information on the consumption of potato and its related products was collected using the 24 h recall method for three consecutive days., Results: The average consumption of potatoes for Chinese residents was 29. 2 g / d, 20. 1 g for urban residents, 37. 7 g for rural residents. The consumption rate of potato was40. 1%, which were 35. 7% and 44. 2% in urban and rural areas. The average consumption of potato eaters was 72. 8 g, 56. 2 g and 85. 3 g for urban and rural areas respectively. The average consumptions of potato powder and chips were 0. 2 g and 0. 04 g, and the edible rate were 0. 4% and 0. 2% respectively., Conclusion: At present, the edible rate and the consumption of potato were lower in Chinese residents. To promote potato staple strategy should actively promote potato food products and industrial development, guide the dietary structure of Chinese residents, and improve the residents' understanding of the nutritional value of potato.

Objective: To understand the status and trend of added sugar containing food consumption from 2002 to 2012., Methods: Using dietary data from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 and the Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012, to analyze the consumption status of added sugar containing food in these two years and to compare the difference between the past ten years in China., Results: From 2002 to 2012, consumption rate of added sugar containing food increased from 20.4% to 26.9%, the consumption rate of all ages in 2012 was higher than in 2002 (t = -3.75, P = 0.0133), female higher than male (t = 0.86, P = 0.3991). The percentage of total calories from added sugar containing food was decreasing from 9.48% in 2002 to 9.09% in 2012, the difference was statistically significant (t = 4.16, P < 0.0001). From 2002 to 2012, species composition ratio of sugar-sweetened beverages (11.7% and 8.5%), dairy products (8.1% and 15.0%), instants food (26.6% and 39.0%) was increasing in some degree., Conclusion: The consumption level of added sugar in China is low, which still under the recommended limits (10%) of WHO, but the consumption rate of food containing added sugar is increasing generally.

Objective: To analyze the mean population intake of salt in Chinese adults in 2010-2012., Methods: Data were from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. The samples were selected through the method of probability proportion to size (PPS). The study objects were 55 531 adults aged 18 and over from 150 sites in 31 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities in China. The information of oil, salt and other condiments for household was from the 3 d food weighed record. The average of salt intake for individuals was calculated based on the energy percentage in one family. The results presented the level of salt intake (x ± Sx) by analyzing the different demography characteristics. The results were calculated using complex weighting by the population data from National Bureau of Statistics in 2009., Results: The intake of salt was (9.6 ± 0.3) g/d and it was higher in men ((10.4 ± 0.4) g/d) than that in women ((8.8 ± 0.3) g/d). The intake in the age group of 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 was (9.9 ± 0.5) g/d, (10.3 ± 0.4) g/d and (9.9 ± 0.3) g/d, respectively. The adults in rural ((10.2 ± 0.3) g/d) had a higher salt intake than that of urban ((9.0 ± 0.5) g/d). An average of salt intake was increased gradually in big city ((7.9 ± 0.3) g/d), medium /small city ((9.2 ± 0.6) g/d) , general rural ((9.9 ± 0.4) g/d) and poor rural ((10.8 ± 0.7)g/d)., Conclusion: The mean salt intake among Chinese adults was still in a very high level. Something should be done to reduce the salt intake for the government and policy-makers.

Objective: To assess the correlation of CHADS₂and CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores for left atrial thrombus in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and the differences in the results between the two scoring systems., Methods: A total of 397 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were enrolled in this study. The CHADS₂and CHA2DS2-VASc scoring systems were used for evaluating the risk of left atrial thrombus and their differences in the scores and risk stratifications were compared. The correlation of CHADS₂ and CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores with left atrial thrombus was analyzed., Results: The average score of CHA₂DS₂-VASc was significantly higher than that of CHADS₂in these patients (1.37 ± 1.19 vs 0.63 ± 0.78, P<0.001). The proportion of high-risk group was significantly higher (P<0.001) while that of low-risk group significantly lower as stratified by CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores than by CHADS₂scores (P<0.001). Transesophageal echocardiography detected left atrial thrombus in 44 of the total patients. The prevalence of left atrial thrombus increased significantly with a higher risk stratification by CHADS₂or CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that female gender, age ≥ 65 years, left atrium diameter ≥ 38 mm, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke history, CHADS₂≥ 2, and CHA₂DS₂-VASc ≥ 2 were all correlated with left atrial thrombus, but multivariate logistic analysis identified only CHA₂DS₂-VASc ≥ 2 as the independent risk factor for left atrial thrombus (OR=9.85, 95% CI: 2.178-44.542, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The average score of CHA₂DS₂-VASc is higher than that of CHADS₂and has better predictive ability for left atrial thrombus.

Objective: To investigate the intakes of trans fatty acids over the age of 3 in different populations, and to determine the high exposure food and population in two cities., Methods: Use food frequency survey to investigate the frequency and the average intake of food containing trans fatty acids among subjects in the past three months., Results: The first ranks high exposure food is vegetable oil, while other food is different in sequence among two cities. The common high exposure populations are 13-17 years old groups and students at school groups., Conclusion: The high exposure food and population are different among two cities, and the reasons are so various that we need further research.

Objective: To compare the distribution of (CAG)n and (GGN)n repeats polymorphisms of androgen receptor (AR) gene between Hui and Han ethnic Chinese from Ningxia., Methods: Genotypes of above repeats were determined with DNA sequencing method., Results: The distribution of (GGN)n repeats was significantly different between the two ethnic groups (P< 0.01), though no such difference was detected with (CAG)n repeats (P> 0.05). Particularly, Han Chinese women carrying 23 GGN repeats were significantly fewer (48.4%) than Hui women (64.7%, P=0.01)., Conclusion: The distribution of GGN repeat is significantly differently among Hui and Han Chinese ethnics from Ningxia.

Objective: To explore the malnutrition status and influencing factors in children with migrant worker mother in poor areas of 13 provinces., Methods: Survey data was from the program of Public Health Emergency Response and Operation Mechanism-Establish the monitoring and information system on nutrition and health and related risk factors in 0-5 children in 2009 which funded by China CDC. Multistage stratified random cluster sampling method used in the national survey was performed. The contents of the investigation included questionnaire survey, anthropometric measurement,biochemical tests and dietary survey. The subjects of the study were 2161 children no more than 18 months in the survey. Z-scores were calculated according to WHO growth standards (2006). Data processing and multiple factors analysis were finished by non condition logistic regression in software SAS 9.12., Results: There were 9.3% children whose mother were migrant workers in the target population. The prevalence of stunting and underweight in children with migrant worker mother was 15.5% and 6.0% Excluding other influencing factors, the results suggested that low birth weight (OR=2.543, 95% CI 1.481-4.365), minority nationality (OR=1.661, 95% CI 1.274-2.165), mother is migrant worker (OR=1.602,95% CI 1.085-2.367), the nearest medical institution at a distance of >or=1 km (OR=1.308, 95% CI 1.008-1.696), and unsanitary toilet (OR=1.311, 95% CI 1.017-1.689) are the most important independent factors among 0-18 months young children., Conclusion: Malnutrition in children with migrant worker mother in poor areas should not be ignored. Enhance the monitoring and adopt comprehensive improvement are useful to improve the growth of children.

The present research describes the development of an improved cross-calibration method of on-orbit satellite sensor. The EO-1/Hyperion was taken as the referenced sensor and HJ-1A/HSI was taken as the uncalibrated sensor. The differences between the bands configurations were removed by the precise spectral response matching using the deconvolution method, which significantly reduced the radiometric calibration uncertainty of HSI sensor. The calibration coefficients of HSI for all 115 bands were acquired. The uncertainties of calibration coefficient from band 1 to band 60 stably lie in 5%-8%, and for all the other bands excerpt for the oxygen absorption which lies in at 760 nm and the water vapor absorption which lies in at 940 nm, the uncertainties of calibration coefficients are changed from 7% to 18%, which increased as the wavelength increased. Contrasted Compared with the traditional spectral matching method, the method proposed can improve the calibration accuracy by about 50%, which can meet the demand of the quantitive application for hyperspectral remote sensing data. It demonstrated the good precision and reliability of the method. It solved the spectral matching problem when the band configuration is big enough so that the cross calibration accuracy is too low and is difficult to apply in hyperspectral sensor cross-calibration, and provides a new method to frequently update the calibration coefficients for hyperspectral imager.

Objective: To analyze the change of family feeding methods after nutrition intervention for nurslings between 6 to 24 months in Zhouqu ., Method: Choose 252 nurslings in basic survey and 239 in final survey by PPS sampling and obtain the change of feeding methods by questionnaire., Results: After the one year's intervention, the rate of pure breast feeding increases from 26.98% to 39.33%, the rate of breast feeding in one hour after the baby delivered increases from 17.06% to 38.09%. The rate of feeding formula powder increases from 27.28% to 61.51% and the status of feeding vegetable meat and bean are improved. The rate for early complementary feeding for special kings of food decreased., Conclusion: After the one year's intervention, the feeding methods improves in total, but there are still some problems. It isrequired to enhance intervention and formulate and implement a kind of reasonable intervention method to attach the objective of scientific feeding for nurslings.

Objective: To construct strains containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) to study gene regulation in Saccharomyces albicans cells during the infection process., Methods: pACT1-GFP was constructed, and Saccharomyces albicans CAI4 was transformed. The expression of GFP in yeast and hyphal compartments was observed with microscopy., Results: 99% of Saccharomyces albicans cells containing pACT1-GFP fusion displayed significant fluorescence levels both in the yeast and hyphal compartments. The fluorescence intensity in two compartments had no obvious difference., Conclusion: pACT1-GFP can be expressed stably in the yeast cells.

Objective: To analyze the main factors influencing the breastfeeding of children within 6 months after birth in poor areas, to provide effective intervention measures for improving the unreasonable behavior in order to promote healthy development of children., Methods: Using the data of nutrition and health monitoring of children under 2 years of age in poor areas of China in 2007 - 2009. Analyzing the factors which influencing the behavior of feeding children., Results: Single factor analysis and multivariate analysis showed that the nationality, place of delivery, main caregiver, family per capita income were important influencing factors., Conclusion: Health education is to be strengthened for improving the breastfeeding of children within 6 months after birth in poor areas, especially in ethnic minority areas and families with lower per capita income. Measures on interventions of these influencing factors and scientific feeding patterns should be established.

Objective: To study the status of malnutrition and its influencing factors in children less than 5 years of age in poor areas of China in 2009., Methods: Multistage stratified random cluster sampling method used in the national survey was performed. The subjects of the study were 7818 children less than 5 years of age in poor areas. The contents of the investigation included questionnaire survey, anthropometric measurement, biochemical tests and dietary survey. Z-scores were calculated according to WHO growth standards. The prevalence of malnutrition was calculated hy WHO Anthro V 3. 2. 2 software. Data processing and multiple factors analysis were finished hy non condition logistic regression in software SAS 9.12., Results: The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting in children under 5 year-old in poor areas of China were 15.9%, 7.8% and 3.7% respectively. Excluding other influencing factors, the results suggested that the low birth weight (OR = 1.975, 95% CI = 1.515 -2.575), household income less than 2000 Yuan per capita per year (OR = 1.813, 95% CI = 1.364 -2.409), not cared by father/mother (OR = 1.190, 95% CI = 1.022 - 1.387) and no sanitary drinking water (OR = 1.282, 95% CI = 1.120 - 1.466) are the most important factors making the child more likely to become malnutrition. Compared to the child whose mother was professional personnel, cadre or army-woman, the child whose mother was farmer (OR = 5.384, 95% CI = 2.490 - 11.642), migrant worker (OR = 4.244, 95% CI 1.953 - 9.222) , rural handicraft worker or individual-owned businesswoman (OR = 4. 872, 95% CI = 2.169 - 10.947) and household wife (OR = 5.331, 95% CI = 2.438 - 11.654) was easy to become malnutrition. The nearest medical institution at a distance of not more than 1 km is a protective factor for malnutrition (OR = 1.246, 95% CI = 1.100 -1.411). The risk of malnutrition would be increased when food supplements were started from the 9th month after birth (OR = 1.194, 95% CI = 1.016 - 1.403)., Conclusion: Malnutrition in children under 5 year-old in poor areas of China should not be ignored. Influencing factors are still existing and changing. Comprehensive improvement will be the effective measure for changing the nutritional status of children.

Objective: To improve the retrograde rotative-type interlocking intramedullary nail based on humeral bone dissection and clinical application, and investigate the clinical values of modified retrograde rotative-type interlocking intramedullary nail for humeral shaft fracture., Methods: Between March 2006 and March 2010, 146 patients with humeral shaft fractures were treated and fractures were fixed with the modified retrograde rotative-type interlocking intramedullary nail (the modified group, n=73) and with the retrograde rotative-type interlocking intramedullary nail (the original group, n=73). In the original group, there were 40 males and 33 females with an average age of 41 years; 41 cases were classified as transverse fracture, 18 as oblique fracture, 8 as spiral fracure, and 6 as comminuted fracture; the median disease duration was 11 days (range, 3 hours to 2 months); and close reduction fixation was performed in 27 cases and open reduction fixation in 46 cases. In the modified group, there were 39 males and 34 females with an average age of 40 years; 43 cases were classified as transverse fracture, 16 as oblique fracture, 10 as spiral fracure, and 4 as comminuted fracture; the median disease duration was 13 days (range, 3 hours to 3 months); and close reduction fixation was performed in 31 cases and open reduction fixation in 42 cases. There was no significant difference in sex, age, fracture type, and disease duration between 2 groups (P > 0.05). The fracture healing and functional recovery of affected limbs were compared between 2 groups after operation., Results: The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in the modified group were significantly less than those in the original group (P < 0.05). Iatrogenic fracture occurred in 3 cases of the original group, which were cleavage fracture of supracondylar. No iatrogenic fracture occurred in the modified group. All incisions of 2 groups healed by first intention without complications of postoperative infections, metal fracture, and loosening of internal fixation, etc. A total of 116 patients were followed up more than 12 months in 2 groups with 58 patients in each group. The fracture healing time was (15 +/- 3) weeks (fresh fracture) and (30 +/- 12) weeks (old fracture and nonunion) in the modified group, and was (16 +/- 4) weeks (fresh fracture) and (35 +/- 14) weeks (old fracture) in the original group, showing significant differences between 2 groups (P < 0.05). The results of Neer shoulder score were excellent in 65 cases and good in 8 cases, and the results of Aitken and Rorabeck elbow function score were excellent in 61 cases and good in 12 cases in the original group; the results of Neer shoulder score were excellent in 67 cases and good in 6 cases, and the results of Aitken and Rorabeck elbow function score were excellent in 63 cases and good in 10 cases; and the excellent and good rates were 100% in 2 groups., Conclusion: The modified retrograde rotative-type interlocking intramedullary nail has the advantages of easy operation and less complication, which is an effective and reliable internal fixator.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of anemia and its related risk factors among 2-5 year-old children in Chinese poor areas., Methods: 5927 children aged 2-5 years old in poor areas of 30 counties in 13 provinces (autonomous regions or municipalities) were randomly selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Designed questionnaires were used to collect personal information and feeding behavior; and hemoglobin levels were tested., Results: The prevalence of anemia in children aged 2-5 years in poor areas was 22.4%. The prevalence peak of anemia was in 5-5.9 age group and the distribution of anemia among different areas was significantly different. The result of non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that anemia was related to some factors, including weaning time, having breakfast or not, number of people dining at home, education level of mother, the frequency of children having meals at home and family annual per capita income., Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia of 2-5 years old children in poor areas of China is quite serious and more consideration should be given. Anemia is closely related to feeding conditions and feeding behavior. Taking specific measures to develop anemia prevention and intervention programs are necessary.

Objective: To perfect the current standard of Rhizoma Diosoreae and Rhizoma Diosoreae stir-baked with bran by improving quality standards of the two processed pieces., Method: The quality standards were established according to 9 batches of processed pieces, separately. The standards contains items of identification, water, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, extractives, heavy metals limit, organochlorine limit, microbial limit and assay., Result: The TLC of the two pieces was characteristed. The contents of acid-insoluble ash in the two pieces were increased, not more than 0.5%, 0.3%, respectively. The content limits of five kinds of heavy metals and harmful elements, two kinds of residual organochlorine pesticides and three microbial limits were increased. There were no more than 2 x 10(-7) of lead, 2 x 10(-7) of cadmium, 1 x 10(-5) of copper, 3 x 10(-7) of arsenic, 1 x 10(-7) of mercury, 1 x 10(-7) of hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) and 1 x 10(-7) of chlorophenothane (DDT) in the two processed pieces, respectively. There were no more than 2 000 and 600 cfu x mL(-1) in the two pieces, respectively and no more than 30 MPN x 100 g(-1) and fungi can not be tested in the two pieces. The contents of allantoin in the two pieces were no more than 0.15%., Conclusion: This method is simple and suitable for the quality control of the two processed pieces.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) is an important class of artificial nanomaterials with diverse potentials of nanobiomedical application. Before being introduced into bio-systems, it is necessary to explore the behavior and fate of CNTs in cells. However, limited understandings or information has been currently obtained in this realm, even some experimental results from different labs are conflicted. In this review, we focused on the location of CNTs in various cells as well as on the mechanisms of CNTs crossing the cell membranes. On the basis of data analysis shown by the current literatures, it was suggested that CNTs could enter cell's nucleus in certain conditions. Endocytosis and diffusion both exist; however, in some cases, one of them exhibited as major path, while the other one was not detectable because of the challenge resulting from the complex biological environments. The obstacles to powerful and standard characterizations of CNTs have also been discussed.

Objective: To investigate and analysis the growth and anemia status of 0-2 years old infant and child in poor rural areas of Guangxi autonomous region., Methods: 659 child under 2 years old were selected randomly to measure the length, weight and hemoglobin concentration, and to get the child basic condition information through questionnaire., Results: In this area, the percent of 0-2 years old child growth retardation was 24.6%, under weight was 19.5%, wasting was 11.4% and anemia was 22.6%., Conclusion: The malnutrition and anemia status of 0-2 years old infant and child in investigated areas was severe.

Objective: To analyze the effect of complex nutrients on growth and development, intelligence and nutrition state of 6-12 years old children in two continuous years., Methods: According to the rural school's similar condition, such as social economical statement, education condition and proportion of students entering schools, 6 rural schools were respectively selected in Xishui County of Hubei Province as the experimental group and control group. In the former, middle and later periods (2004, 2005, 2006 ), growth and development, nutrition state and intelligence were analyzed and compared., Results: The increase of height and weight in experimental group were higher than those of the control group. In 2 years, height in experimental group increased 12.9 cm, while the control group increased 11.5 cm. Weights increased in experimental group were 6.6 kg, while the control group increased 5.2 kg. Girl's bone density in experimental group increased from 0.236 g/cm in 2004 to 0.280 g/cm in 2006. The hemoglobin contents of 4 age group's children in experimental group increased significantly (P < 0.05) . While the anemia prevalence decreased 25 .8% in 2 years, the control group decreased 7.2%. Moreover, other results showed that the complex nutrients also have some effect on the intelligence in experiment group., Conclusions: The complex nutrients supplement could improve the rural school children's growth and development, bone and intelligence.

Aim: To investigate the dynamic variety of frequency and function of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB)., Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 15 AHB patients at acute phase (week 1 of illness), convalescent phase (primary occurrence of both ALT level normalization and HBsAg negative conversion), resolved phase (at least 8 weeks after both ALT normalization and HBsAg seroconversion, and 15 health subjects were analyzed for FoxP3 (Forkhead/winged helix transcription factor) mRNA expression in MACS magnetic beads-purified CD4+ T cells by real-time RT-PCR assay. The effects of Treg cells on the proliferation of CD4+ CD25- T cells were examined by a 3H-thymidine incorporation assay., Results: AHB patients presented a significantly higher FoxP3 mRNA expression at convalescent phase than acute phase (t= -6.04, P<0.01) and resolved phase (t=4.45, P<0.01), and healthy controls (t=3.44, P<0.01). We also observed that the suppression efficiency of Treg cells on proliferation of CD4+ CD25- T cells was lower at acute phase than convalescent phase (t= -5.30, P<0.01) and resolved phase (t= -3.20, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between healthy controls and any phase of AHB., Conclusion: AHB patients presented lower circulating Treg frequency and suppression function at acute phase, and both of them are increase at convalescent phase, and then return to normal level along with disease resolved. This follow-up study furthers our understanding of Treg's role in immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B.

Objective: To analyze the feeding situation and change trend of the infants and young children under the age of 2 years in China., Methods: The multi-stage cluster probability sampling was used to select randomly total 7204 infants and young children under the age of 2 years from Chinese 14 provinces, autonomy regions and municipalities. Questionnaires for parents were used to collect the information of feeding., Results: The national breastfeeding rate of infant under 6 months was 49.2% in 2006, which of urban and rural was 51.9% and 48.5% respectively. About the complementary feeding of the infants and young children of 6 to 24 months old, the addition rate of formula, common milk and milk products, cereals, meats, aquatic products, eggs, legume, vegetable and fruit is 41.8%, 47.6%, 94.4%, 78.0%, 59.9%, 87.4%, 64.9% and 90.2% respectively., Conclusion: The nutritional status of infants and young children still need further concerns, for the reason that the exclusive breastfeeding rate remained in a low level, especially the rate in rural areas showed a dramatic decreased trend. Meanwhile, the complementary feeding frequently begins too early or too late, and foods are often nutritionally inadequate and unsafe.

Objective: To study the processing technics of prepared slice of Rhizoma Dioscoreae for its industrial production., Method: The effect factors, such as stiring temperature (60, 80, 100 degrees C), stiring time (10, 20, 30 min) and the proportion of pieces and wheat bran (100: 5, 100: 10, 100: 15) were evaluated by orthogonal method. The content of allantoin in Rhizoma Dioscoreae was determine by HPLC method., Result: The amount of wheat bran could affect the content of allation significantly, and stiring temperature and stiring time almost had no effect on content of allantoin. The processing technics was tested by industrial produce, according to 11 batches from 4 growing regions. The result showed that the quality of industrial product was stable., Conclusion: That the amount of wheat bran can affect the quality of Rhizoma Dioscoreae greatly. The determined technics is simple and suitable for prepared slice of Rhizoma Dioscoreae industrival manufacture.

Objective: To test the effects of two kinds of diaryliodonium on the degree of conversion (DC), the compressive strength (CS) and the cure depth (CD) of the light-curing composite resin., Methods: BisS-GMA was used as reisin matrix, with TEGDMA as diluent and SiO2 as inorganic filler. CQ, DMAEMA and two different kinds of diaryliodonium (diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate and bis (p-tolyl) iodonium hexafluorophosphate) were used as photoinitiator, respectively. The DC, CS, CD were measured and compared by the FTIR spectroscopy, and the tensile strength of machine et al., Results: Diaryliodonium led to greater DC, CS, and CD of the light-curing composite resin. The DC, CS, and CD of the light-curing composite resin increased more with bis (p-tolyl) iodonium hexafluorophosphate than with diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate., Conclusion: Diaryliodonium can improve the DC, CS, and CD properties of light-curing composite resin. Bis (p-tolyl) iodonium hexafluorophosphate has better performance than diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate in improving photosensibility and solubility of the photoinitiator system.

Objective: To establish the DNA microarray to detect influenza viruses and avian influenza viruses, and identify their virulence., Methods: Hemagglutinin (HA), neuramidinase (NA) and nucleoprotein(NP) genes were chosen simultaneously as targets for designing a microarray used for detection of viruses and identification virulence. The nucleic acid were amplified by single primer amplication (SPA). And then its specificity,sensitivity and reproducibility were evaluated., Results: The microarray was able to specially detect H1N1, H3N2, B influenza viruses and H5N1, H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Their limits were 8HAU, 16HAU, 32HAU, and 8HAU, 8HAU respectively. The limit for virulence was 32HAU. When samples were analyzed by both RT-PCR and microarray in parallel, the results agreed in 83.9% (47/56)., Conclusion: The microarray can detect and distinguish five tested viruses, and especially identify virulence. It not only supplies an assistant tool for clinical diagnosis and control of infectious disease, but also is valuable for controlling and preventing outbreak of avian influenza epidemic.

Objective: To gain a information of the current status of the health condition of children and pregnant/lying in women in China, and provide evidence to make the relative police of the state., Methods: The samples of national representative value were drawn by means of random sampling in layered groups, and recommended standards of WHO were used as the evaluation standard for children' s growth and pregnant/lying-in women's health condition, of the health related information of sample population were got by questionnaire survey and health examination and laboratory test, and statistics and analysis were used with SAS software., Results: As of time the rates of low body weight of mid and high levels and slow growths in children under the age of 5 year old were 5.9% and 9.9%. Vitamin A deficiency rate in children under the age of 5 year old were 9.1% and the brink deficiency rate of vitamin A were 41.8%. Knowledge coverage rate in parents of under the age of 3 year old were 65.8%. Occurrence rates of in news born were 4.59%, anemia in pregnant/lying-in women were 42% in which anemia in lying-in women and in pregnant women respectively were 49.7% and 37.7%., Conclusion: Comparing with the survey result in 2002. malnutrition rates in children under the age of 5 year old are getting on the fall, and occurrence rates of new-born are getting rising, and anemia rates in pregnant/lying-in women were high level.

Objective: To provide the evidence to policy-maker for further improving child nutrition status in China based on the data of Chinese Food and Nutrition Surveillance System., Methods: To measure the content of Haemoglobin by Cyanmethemoglobin and HemoCue, The diagnostic criterion is 110 g/L for child aged 6 months to under 6, proposed by WHO and UNICEF, with adjustment for population living in high altitude over 1000m. To study on relationship between child anemia and mother anemia by measurement haemoglobin for children and their mother., Results: There is basically no change in anemia prevalence of children under 5 in 1992 - 2005. Prevalence of anemia is varying along with ages. The peak of anemia prevalence is 6 - 12 months. The related risk of anemia of mother and child anemia. is 2.31. The prevalence of diarrhea will increase by child anemia. Anemic mothers, breastfeeding, stunting, LBW and quality of complementary food are related factors of anemia of children aged 4 - 23 month. But only anemia of mothers and stunting are related to anemia of children aged 24 - 59 month., Conclusion: The necessary actions should be taken for improvement of anemia of children and mother simultaneously.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of screening sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) by from electrocardiogram derived respiration (EDR) of ambulatory electrocardiogram (AECG) monitoring., Methods: The overnight sleep investigation was administered to 80 subjects by polysomnogram (PSG) and 24 hours AECG monitoring simultaneously during February through November, 2004. The electrocardiogram analyzers did not know the PSG results at all, They were both asked to give the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) by EDR and PSG respectively. The PSG result was considered as the gold standard so as to evaluate the feasibility of screening SAHS by EDR of AECG monitoring., Results: The average age, male gender, body mass index, history of hypertension were higher in the SAHS(+) patients than those of the SAHS(-) patients. Automatic analysis was performed with software in a sensitivity of 75%, 87.5% and 100% respectively. When software sensitivity adjusted to 75%, the sensitivity of screening SAHS with EDR was 26.7%, with the specificity of 80%, the positive predictive value of 80%, the negative predictive value of 26.7%, the diagnose accordance rate of 40%. When software sensitivity was adjusted to 87.5%, the sensitivity of screening SAHS with EDR was 55%, with the specificity of 45%, the positive predictive value of 75%, the negative predictive value of 25%, and the diagnose accordance rate of 52.5%. When software sensitivity was adjusted to 100%, the sensitivity of screening SAHS with EDR was 88.3%, with the specificity of 35%, the positive predictive value of 84.1%, the negative predictive value of 50%, and the diagnose accordance rate of 75%., Conclusion: EDR technique of AECG was useful to screen the suspicious SAHS patients, sensitivity and the diagnosis coincidence rate was higher when the sensitivity of automatic analysis software was adjusted to 100%.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of early onset narcolepsy., Methods: The clinical data of 105 consecutive patients with narcolepsy, 63 of which with an onset age of 9.7 +/- 3.1 on average and 42 with an onset age of 22.8 +/- 9.3 on average. Interrogation, physical examination, CT, and MRI were carried out. Polysomnography was conducted. Then the data were compared between these 2 groups., Results: All 105 patients showed daytime sleepiness. The incidence rate of cataplexy was 92% in the early onset group, significantly higher than that of the late onset group (P = 0.023). There were no significant differences in the rates of sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucination, and disturbed nocturnal sleep. Multiple sleep latency test showed that the mean sleep latency of the early-onset group was 4.5 +/- 4.0 min, significantly shorter than that of the late onset group (7.0 +/- 5.7 min, P = 0.018); the REM sleep latency of the early onset group was 3.4 +/- 3.2 min, significantly shorter than that of the late onset group (4.8 +/- 2.2 min, P = 0.02). The number of REM sleep of the early onset group was 3.4 +/- 2.0, significantly more than that of the late onset group (2.5 +/- 1.9, P = 0.09). The apnea and hypopnea index of the late onset group was 9.2 +/- 16.5, significantly higher than that of the early onset group (1.9 +/- 6.3, P = 0.009). The 3 cases of narcolepsy with family history were all cases of early onset narcolepsy., Conclusion: Early onset narcolepsy patients have more severe daytime sleepiness and higher rate of cataplexy. The pathogenesis of early onset narcolepsy may be more closely associated with genetic factors.