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Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with hydrogen energy as the main energy, has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, environmental friendliness, and low working temperature, indicating the broad application prospects. However, PEMFC technology still faces severe challenges in cost and performance index. Bipolar plate is an important part of PEMFC, which accounts for a large proportion in its weight and cost, and has many irreplaceable functions. Three kinds of commonly used bipolar plate substrate materials (graphite material, composite material, and metal material) and the characteristics of several commonly used modification methods were summarized. And the stainless steel bipolar plate with more applications and low cost in recent years and its common modification methods were summarized emphatically.

A brief introduction to the composition of the bath solution for electroplating hard chromium was given.Besides, the requirements for quality control of chromium plating bath solution were put forward from three aspects of bath solution preparation, analysis and daily management to ensure the stability and reliability of bath solution, which would guarantee the quality of hard chromium plating for parts.

ObjectiveTo Investigate the cause of a food poisoning incident in a city in Dehong Prefecture， determine the scope of the incident， and to formulate effective prevention and control measures.MethodsField epidemiology and case-control study methods were used to formulate case definition； carry out case search； find suspicious food combined with clinical manifestations， dining history and other information； and collect samples from the suspicious food， cases and environment for laboratory testing.ResultsA total of 160 cases were found and the incidence rate was 26.02% （160/615）. The main clinical manifestations were diarrhea， leukocytosis， vomiting， nausea and abdominal pain. The average incubation period was 10.89±5.09 h， with 2 h as the shortest and 28 h as the longest. The epidemiological curve suggested the point source exposure mode. The results of case-control study showed that eating roast pork with green shoots was an independent risk factor （OR=13.09， 95%CI： 3.26‒52.54）.16 samples were tested by the local CDC laboratory. Proteus mirabilis was detected in two the anal swabs of two patients He and Chen. Both proteus pani and proteus mirabilis were detected in anal swab of patient Zhou and Proteus pani was detected in roast meat. There was no detection of pathogenic bacteria in other samples.ConclusionBased on the field epidemiological investigation and laboratory test results， we conclude that the food poisoning incident is caused by suspected proteus bacteria. We suggest that the market supervision department should strengthen the supervision of local food hygiene； clarify the sampling rights， responsibilities and technical procedures when medical institutions treat patients with foodborne diseases； ensure finding the causes in time； and take effective prevention and control measures to avoid similar food poisoning events.

The rapid development of deep learning technology provides powerful tools for the research of deepfake.Forged videos and images are more and more difficult for human eyes to distinguish between real and fake.Videos and images on the internet may have a huge negative impact on social life,such as financial fraud,the spread of fake news,and personal bullying.At present,the fake face detection technology based on deep learning has reached a high accuracy on multiple benchmark databases such as FaceForensics++,but the detection accuracy on cross-databases is much lower than accuracy on the source database,that is,it is difficult for many detection methods to generalize to different types of forgeries,or unknown types of forgeries,which also motivates more scholars to focus on generalization methods.The generalization research of face forgery detection focuses on methods based on deep learning.Firstly,the commonly used datasets including real-world datasets and multi-task datasets for forgery detection are discussed and compared.Secondly,it classifies and summarizes the generalization of video and image tampering detection from three aspects:data,features,and learning strategies.The data refers to data augmentation in deepfake detection.The features include single-domain features such as frequency domain features and multi-domain features.The learning strategies consist of transfer learning,multi-task learning,meta-learning,and incremental learning.And the advantages and shortcomings of three different types are analyzed.Finally,the future development direction and challenges of face tampering detection generalization are discussed.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial correlation distribution of mushroom poisoning in Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2019, and provide scientific evidence for the control and prevention strategy.MethodsData of mushroom poisoning incidents from 2005 to 2019 was collected from the China Information System for public health emergency report and management. The epidemiological characteristics of time, place of occurrence, spatial correlation, and types of poisonous mushrooms were described.ResultsFrom 2005 to 2019, Yunnan Province reported a total of 316 events of mushroom poisoning, the number of cases was 2 009, the number of deaths was 472, and the case fatality rate was 23.49%(472/2 009). The peak of poisoning incidents was from June to August each year, accounting for 83.86%(265/316) of the total number of incidents. Mushroom poisoning incidents occurred in all 16 prefectures in Yunnan Province. Wenshan, Chuxiong, Lincangy and Honghe were high-incidence areas. Among 129 counties, 91 counties reported mushroom poisoning incidents. Homes were the main place where mushroom poisoning occured, accounting for 84.49%(267/316) of the total number of poisoning incidents. The incidence of mushroom poisoning in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, accounting for 87.97%(278/316). Picking and eating by mistake (78.80%, 249/316) was the main cause of poisonous mushroom poisoning. The main types of poisoning were Amanita exitialis (27.53%, 87/316), Russula subnigricans Hongo (17.09%, 54/316) and Heimioporus retisporus (13.29%, 42/316).ConclusionMushroom poisoning was the main cause of death from food poisoning incidents in Yunnan Province. In the "hot spot" areas where mushroom poisoning incidents occurred, prior to the high-incidence season, various forms of food safety and health education and food safety supervision of mushroom poisoning should be focused on rural areas and high risk mushroom species. Meantime, the ability of rural primary medical institutions should be improved to treat poisonous mushroom poisoning.

In this research, honey, wheat koji, and yeast are taken as raw materials and alcohol content is taken as the indicator to study the effects of fermentation temperature, fermentation time, the addition of ammonium dihydrogen-phosphate, and sugar content of fermentation broth through single-factor experiments.These factors are inspected on the alcohol production during honey fermentation. According to the response surface optimization results, verification experiment showed the optimal condition for alcohol content is follows: the fermentation broth have sugar content of 32.0% and is set to the pH of 4.5. 4.0% wheat koji is added with 0.2% yeast. Diammonium phosphate is added in 600.0 mg/L and the temperature is 32.0 ℃ with the culture time of 6 days. Under such a condition, the alcohol content is 13.6%.

Recaptured images are captured original or distorted image shown on the intermediaries,a high-quality recapture image is difficult to distinguish the authenticity of the human eye.Aimed at the tampering operation of JPEG image,a method of detecting block effect grid offset due to re-compression was proposed.The original image was compressed multiple times did not produce the block effect of the grid offset,and the recapture image,because of the recapture process would introduce background information that was not related to the original image,the re-compression of the block effect grid with the original grid is mismatched,and the average information loss amount of the image was used to detect whether the block effect grid generates an offset or not to detect the recapture image.Experiments show that this method is more accurate than the existing recapture image detection method,and the average detection time is shorter.

Objective: To investigate the genetic stability of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 (L. rhamnosus Pro- bio-M9) during continuous passage. Methods: The morphological changes, carbohydrate utilization capacity, activity and metabolic characteristics of L. rhamnosus Probio-M9 were compared in the 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 passages of the pro- biotic strain. At the same time, comparative genomics was used to analyze the changes of genome level during the con¬tinuous culture of 100 generations. Results: There were no significant changes (P >0.05) in phenotypic characteristics and metabolic characteristics of L. rhamnosus Probio-M9 during 100 generations of continuous culture, and the phenotyp- ic characteristics were stable, and the strain activity was maintained well. At the same time, using the genome of L. rhamnosus Probio-M9 as the reference sequence, 15 strains of different generations were sequenced, and the genome size and GC content showed no significant difference between the 15 strains cultured continuously and L. rhamnosus Probio- M9. Phylogenetic relationships showed that the 15 strains were closely related to the original genome. From the identified SNP loci, no mutation locus with stable inheritance was found in every two generations, and the collinear strain was good. The mutation level of the coding gene at the genome level confirmed that L. rhamnosus Probio-M9 had stable phe- notypic characteristics and metabolic characteristics during the continuous culture of 100 generations. Conclusion: L. rhamnosus Probio-M9 has good genetic stability during continuous passage, which provides a theoretical basis for further development, research and industrialization of L. rhamnosus Probio-M9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently. the exploration of two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials has become a hot topic in the field of spintronic devices. In this work, Fe3 As, a new two-dimensional material, with Curie temperature ( Tc) of 300 K ( reach room temperature), was designed by means of spin-polarized density generalization theory calculations. The predicted 2D Fe3As has strong in-plane Fe--Fe coupling with large magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of approximately 366. 7 μeV, which contributes to maintain a long-range ferromagnetic order. The energy band of Fe3 As has both flat band and Dirac point features. The position of the flat band is positively related to the strength of the magnetic coupling. Furthermore, Tc increases progressively as the distance between the flat band and the Fermi surface continues to decrease under the effect of the biaxial strain. Therefore, Fe3As monolayer is considered to be a promising candidate for 2D room-temperature spintronics devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topological structure synthesis and optimization of 1T2R parallel mechanisms was studied herein. Applying the composition principles and constraint characteristics of planar mechanisms, the topological structure of 1T2R parallel mechanisms was regarded as consisting of a 1T1R planar parallel kinematic chain connected in series with a revolute joint and two spatial unconstrained active limbs. Then the topological structure optimization and performance verification of 1T2R parallel mechanisms were carried out by comprehensively considering the criteria such as appropriateness of mechanism's pose capability, rationality of branch-chain structure mechanics, reconfigurability of robot module, simplicity of position inverse solution, and compactness of moving platform structure,etc. Then, a new five-degree-of-freedom hybrid robot module that may inherit the advantages of Tricept robots was proposed. The module has exactly the same kinematics performance as Tricept robots, and most of the components may be interchanged with Tricept robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the foot trajectory outputs by Theo Jansen's linkages, the dimensional parameters of a novel planar closed-loop legged mechanism were optimized. The kinematic models of the mechanism were derived using the Assur groups methods. According to the structural characteristics, he number of design variables was reduced to one by using the position limitation of a crank-rocker mechanism. A single-objective optimization problem was established by minimizing the minimal deviation of the foot trajectories of two mechanisms subjected to the geometric constraints of the dimensional parameters. This problem was solved by the one-dimensional search method, leading to the design and fabrication of an eight-leg mobile robot. The feasibility of the design was verified by experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using induction heating method, in this paper, a kind of operational and uncomplicated process was explored, by which large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy and copper pipe could be welded. The effect of welding current, welding-length and welding high temperature insulation time on large diameter thin-walled copper aluminum tubes was studied. The microstructures of the interface were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and polarizing microscope (PM), and the interfacial reaction products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). When the heating time was 6 s and weld length was 15 mm, the quality of copper aluminum welded pipe was the best, and the tensile strength was highest. The copper-aluminum intermediate compounds layer were only Al2 Cu and AlCu, and no Al4Cu9-type compounds had been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of motion data processing based on sampling-lsomap is proposed. By computing the distance matrix of sample frames, the sample embeddings eigenvectors can be obtained to approximate the eigenvectors of the original embeddings, and then the non-sample frames can be projected in this embeddings to approach the manifold embeddings of non-sampleframes. Experiments proved that approximate embeddings of motion data computed by sampling-Isomap were average 10 times faster than by Isomap, while 10% frame samples were selected. Motion analysis can be performed efficiently even with high-dimensionality of motion capture data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous complex Monet wavelet transform is performed on a time-varying response signal and corresponding wavelet ridge is extracted according to the maximum modulus of wavelet coefficient. The instantaneous frequencies are identified based on the relationship between wavelet scale and frequencies. For decreasing the influence of noise, a method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) is adopted to de-noise. As a result, a continuous complex wavelet transform- based method is presented to identify the instantaneous frequencies of a time-varying structure. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are validated via a numerical simulation of a two degree-of-freedom spring-mass-dashpots system with time-varying stiffness. Afterward, a cable structure test is set up in the laboratory where linear and sinusoidal varying tensions are respectively applied to the cable, which results in the time varying cable stiffness. The present method is further validated via measured cable response acceleration signals. It is demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively identify the instantaneous frequencies of time-varying structures, and the method is anti-noise to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To simulate realistically the scene including large-scale motional roles in real-time, proposes a visualization method based on dynamic texture. The role's motional procedure is rendered to Dynamic-Texture using Render-to-Texture technology. Dynamic-Texture is a kind of texture whose content can be updated in runtime. The role's motion is defined via motion-transferring based on the rotate angles of joint-points. The curve-skeleton model is adopted to deform the motional characters. Each character is exhibited using Billboard in 3D scene. GPGPU (General Purpose on GPU) technique accelerates the image deformation and the scene-rendering. The method can render the scene containing ten thousands of motional characters in 30FPS. It has been proved feasible and valid to improve the rendering efficiency for large-scale motional scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model for a powertrain mounting system (PMS) consisting of hydraulic engine mounts (HEM) for vibration control of the powertrain is presented. Calculation methods for determining the dynamic displacements of a powertrain center of gravity (c. g. ) and the dynamic reaction forces of each mount in a PMS under ground and engine shake excitation are deveIoped in this paper. Also a general strategy for determining the peak frequency of the loss angle and the amplitude of the loss angle of an HEM is proposed. The amplitude versus frequency responses of a powertrain c. g. and reaction forces of mounts are estimated for a generic PMS with four rubber mounts or two rubber mounts and two HEMs with the developed formulae. The calculated results demonstrate that the amplitudes of a powertrain c. g. in bounce mode and roll mode (around engine crankshaft) and reaction forces in each mounts of a PMS can be reduced greatly by using HEMs, thus reducing vibrations of the car body. The methods developed in the paper can be used for optimizing dynamic characteristics of mounts according to the design criteria of powertrain vibration control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary hermeneutics has largely focused itself on the interpretations of the Bible and the development of the biblical traditions in the context of postmodern cultural and critical discourses. Wisdom Literature, however, has long been marginalized in Kethuvim (The Writings) of the Hebrew Bible through insufficient attention on the part of many critics in the perspective of postmodern theories. This essay presents an analysis on the dialectical method used by the author of Ecclesiastes in the light of Jacques Derrida's theory of deconstruction. Qoheleth employed a new dichotomy (profit/debit) to deconstruct the old one (wisdom/folly), which was over-simplified and resulted in bidden prejudices. Rather than a deconstruction to the binary structure of wisdom theology, his new dialectics (profit/ultimate debit) offers once again the idea of an unstable meaning that can only he infinitely deferred, h corresponds to Jacques Derrida's idea of diff´rance that meaning is always "deferred" to the point of an endless supplementarity by the play of signification. This essay is not interested in defining Qoheleth as a deconstructionist, but in suggesting that, if Derrida' s deconstruction seeks to identify and undermine such logocentric paradigms as dichotomies, the idea of binary opposites, etc., the dialectics of language of Ecclesiastes reveals an ultimate impasse of thought engendered by a rhetoric that always insinuates its own textual workings into the truth claims of philosophy or theology. There runs a theme of utopian longing for the textual free play which would finally break with the instituted wisdom of language. In a summary, when traditional wisdom becomes insufficient in describing the diversity and multitudes of real life, Qoheleth offers a deconstructing dialectics of language to rationalize human's relations with God and his acceptance of a self-contradictory world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Jerusalem and Athens" is an old topic that has gone through long-standing debate. Leo Strauss' position begins with his criticism of the modern academic tradition. He believes that the "tradition" for the modern time is none other than the tradition that has come down directly from the Enlightenment, which has oriented itself toward dissolving the opposition between "Jerusalem and Athens." Strauss' contribution to the argument is his proposal of going back to the original dialectic of the two-city proposition. He defines the relevant conflict between philosophy and revelation as the opposition of two different ways of life, one leading to free inquiry while the other insisting on reverence and humility. The dialectic of the two ways of life contributes to the vitality of Western civilization. Leo Strauss' reflection on the topic of the "Two-City Dialectic" results in the discussion of the following crucial questions: Is there the possibility of a "good life"? If so, what is this good life and how is it achieved? What did the ancient world say about the governing principles concerning a good life? How did the Bible and Greek philosophy arrive at these principles, namely the wisdom of revelation (Hokmah) and the wisdom of philosophy (Sophia), respectively? How do they explain and show the way of a good life? As individuals, what is our choice between these ways of life and why? How do we manage the fundamental conflict between Hokmah and Sophia, and consequently its significance to the modern world? Finally, what can this conflict contribute to the reflections and self-examinations of contemporary theology and philosophy? The above questions consist of the main parts of Strauss' exploration in the issue of "Jerusalem and Athens." For him, the question on the way of life is the driving force behind his entire quest in such diverse areas as philosophy, theology and medieval studies, etc. His reflections and examinations on this topic became the theme of his later academic life. Only by understanding his position and attitude on the conflict between Jerusalem and Athens, can we begin to understand the essence of his political philosophy, as well as his profound insights into such philosophical issues as the Jewish question, the conflict between the ancient and the modern, and the crisis of modernity, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the machining accuracy of machine tool, the geometric error compensation for three-axis vertical machining center was studied through error compensation. Based on the idea of hierarchical compensation, analyzing the feature of the structure of machine tool and using geometric error compensation module in a commercial CNC system (SIEMENS 840D), the geometric errors of the machine center were divided into compensable errors and uncompensable errors and an error model for compensation was established according to the compensable errors. An experiment was carried out in 0540D three-axis vertical machining center. The results show that the kinematic accuracy after compensation is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease(PID) using network Meta-analysis. The databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, and Web of Science were searched, and from the time of database construction to July 16, 2023, the randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Chinese patent medicines combined with antibiotics in the treatment of PID included in these databases was collected. The quality of the included literature was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and data was analyzed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16 software. Forty-six RCTs were finally included, including Kangfu Xiaoyan Suppositories, Fuke Qianjin Tablets/Capsules, Kangfuyan Capsules, Fuyanxiao Capsules, Huahong Tablets/Capsules, Fuyanshu Capsules, Fuyue Tablets, Jingangteng Capsules, and Fuyan Kangfu Capsules. Network Meta-analysis showed that,(1) in terms of clinical effective rate, the optimal intervention was Kangfu Xiaoyan Suppositories combined with antibiotics.(2) In terms of lowering hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), the optimal intervention was Huahong Tablets/Capsules combined with antibiotics.(3) In terms of lowering tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), the optimal intervention was Fuyue Tablets combined with antibiotics.(4) In terms of lowering recurrence rate, the optimal intervention was Fuyanshu Capsules combined with antibiotics.(5) In terms of safety, the intervention with the least adverse reactions was Kangfuyan Capsules combined with antibiotics. The results show that Chinese patent medicines combined with antibiotics in the treatment of PID can improve the comprehensive efficacy, reduce the patient's hs-CRP and TNF-α, and have a low recurrence rate, as well as safe and reliable efficacy. In clinical treatment, Kangfu Xiaoyan Suppositories or Kangfuyan Capsules combined with antibiotics can be preferred. Due to the limitations of the sample size and the quality of the literature, more large-sample and high-quality studies are needed to validate the conclusions.

Objective: To investigate the imaging effect of a near-infrared fluorescent targeted probe ICG-NP41 on the neurovascular bundles (NVB) around the prostate in rats., Methods: A near-infrared fluorescent targeted probe ICG-NP41 was synthesized. An animal model for NVB imaging was established using Sprague-Dawley rats (250-400 g). Experiments were conducted using a custom-built near-infrared windowⅡ(NIR-Ⅱ) small animal in vivo imaging system, and images collected were processed using ImageJ and Origin. The fluorescence signal data were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism. The signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for NVB was quantitatively calculated to explore the effective dosage and imaging time points. Finally, paraffin pathology sections and HE staining were performed on the imaging structures., Results: Except for rats in the control group ( n =2), right-sided NVB of the rats injected with ICG-NP41 ( n =2 per group) were all observed in NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence mode 2 h and 4 h after administration. At 2 h and 4 h, average SBR of cavernous nerve in 2 mg/kg group in fluorescence mode was 1.651±0.142 and 1.619±0.110, respectively, both higher than that in white light mode (1.111±0.036), with no significant difference ( P >0.05); average SBR of 4 mg/kg group in fluorescence mode were 1.168±0.066 and 1.219±0.118, respectively, both higher than that in white light mode (1.081±0.040), with no significant difference ( P >0.05). At 2 h and 4 h, the average SBR of 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg groups in fluorescence mode were higher than that of the control group (SBR=1), the average SBR of the 2 mg/kg group was higher than that of the 4 mg/kg group, and all the above with no significant difference ( P >0.05). The average diameter of the nerve measured by full width at half maxima method was about (178±15) μm. HE staining of paraffin sections showed the right major pelvic ganglion., Conclusion: The near-infrared fluorescent targeted probe ICG-NP41 can be used for real-time imaging of the NVB around the prostate in rats, providing a potential feasible solution for localizing NVB in real time during nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy.

In order to understand the occurrence characteristics and ecological risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water and sediments of Hongze Lake and Gaoyou Lake in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River, 43 surface water and sediment samples from 23 sampling sites were collected, and 61 PPCPs were detected in the samples. The concentration level and spatial distribution of target PPCPs in Hongze Lake and Gaoyou Lake were analyzed, the distribution coefficient of typical PPCPs in the water/sediment system in the study area was calculated, and the ecological risk of target PPCPs was evaluated using the entropy method. The results showed that the PPCPs in surface water of Hongze Lake and Gaoyou Lake were 1.56-2534.44 ng·L -1 and 3.32-1027.47 ng·L -1 , respectively, and those in sediment were 1.7-926.7 ng·g -1 and 1.02-289.37 ng·g -1 , respectively. The concentrations of lincomycin (LIN) in surface water and doxycycline (DOX) in sediment were the highest, and antibiotics were the main components. The spatial distribution of PPCPs was higher in Hongze Lake and lower in Gaoyou Lake. The distribution characteristics of typical PPCPs in the study area showed that typical PPCPs tended to stay in the water phase, and there was a significant correlation between lg K oc and lg K d , indicating that total organic carbon (TOC) played an important role in the distribution of typical PPCPs in the water/sediment system. The ecological risk assessment results showed that the ecological risk of PPCPs to algae in surface water and sediment was significantly higher than that of fleas and fish, the ecological risk value of PPCPs in surface water was higher than that in sediment, and the ecological risk of Hongze Lake was higher than that of Gaoyou Lake.

Through the investigation and detection of the surface water and sediments of Luoma Lake, the structure and occurrence characteristics of PFASs (perlyfluoroalkyl substances) in the two types of media were analyzed, and the principal component analysis method was used to analyze the characteristics of such substances in the surface water. The source was analyzed, and the potential health risks of such substances were evaluated using the risk quotient method. The results showed that a total of 13 PFASs were detected in the surface sediments of Luoma Lake, and one more species was detected in the surface water (PFTeA); ρ (ΣPFASs) in the surface water ranged from 46.09 to 120.34 ng·L -1 , and ω (ΣPFASs) in sediments ranged from 2.22 to 9.55 ng·g -1 . PFPeA was the major component in surface water, and the mass fraction of PFPeA was 38%. PFBA was the major component in sediment, and the mass fraction of PFPeA was 61%. The multi-media PFASs in Luoma Lake were mainly short-chain substances; the high concentration area of PFASs in the surface water of Luoma Lake was concentrated and distributed at the mouth of the northern rivers. Its concentration showed a decreasing trend from north to south, and the content of PFASs in the sediments showed a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast. The distribution of ΣPFASs, PFBA, and PFOS in the sediments of Luoma Lake and the TOC content in the sediment were related; the principal component analysis showed that the PFASs in the surface water of Luoma Lake were mainly from textile flame retardant, rubber product emulsification, food packaging processes and paper surface treatment industries, the metal electroplating industry, and leather and textile manufacturing industries. PFASs in the surface water of Luoma Lake were at a relatively low health risk level.

Objective: To investigate the role of Cav1.2 and its possible mechanism in the apoptosis of cochlear spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs) induced by cisplatin (CDDP) in C57BL/6J mice. Methods: Animal experiment: 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the following two groups (10 mice/group) : normal saline group (Control group) and Cisplatin group (Cisplatin group). The Control group received daily intraperitoneal injections of normal saline, Cisplatin group was injected with cisplatin intraperitoneally at a dose of 3 mg/kg at the first 4 days of each cycle, and normal saline was injected daily at the last 10 days,repeat for 3 cycles. After administration, auditory threshold was detected by auditory brainstem response (ABR). Blood samples were collected from inner canthus of mice, and cochlea was cut off from neck. SOD and MDA kits were used to detect SOD activity and MDA content in serum and cochlea tissues. The expressions of apoptosis proteins in cochlear tissues were detected by Western blot. Morphological changes of spiral ganglion in mouse cochlea were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of SGNs in cochlea of mice. The distribution and expression of Cav1.2 in SGNs of cochlea were observed by immunofluorescence. Cell experiment: Primary cultured SGNs were randomly divided into: control group (Control), solvent group (DMSO), Cav1.2 blocker group (N), cisplatin group, cisplatin and Cav1.2 blocker co-incubation group (Cisplatin+N). 5 μmol/L cisplatin was selected to treat SGNs based on the results of CCK8. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Cav1.2.and apoptotic proteins. Hoechst33342 staining was used to observe the apoptosis of each group. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of each group. Mitochondrial superoxide indicator (MitoSOX TM -Red) was used to detect the ROS release of mitochondria. Results: Animal experiments: Compared to the Control group, the hearing threshold was increased in Cisplatin group (P<0.01), the content of MDA in serum and cochlea tissues, apoptosis protein Cleaved caspase-3, Bax protein level, TUNEL positive rate, Cav1.2 protein expression level were increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01); the activity of SOD in serum and cochlear tissue, anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 protein level and SGCs density in cochlear tissue were decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Cell tests: Compared with the Control group, the expression of Cav1.2, apoptosis rate, Cleaved caspase-3, Bax protein level, intracellular calcium ion concentration, and ROS release were increased significantly only in Cisplatin group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The levels of bcl-2 protein and mitochondrial membrane potential were decreased significantly (P<0.01). Cav1.2 blockers could partially reverse the above changes (P<0.05). Conclusion: Cisplatin may increase intracellular Ca 2+ concentration through up-regulation of Cav1.2, and then damage mitochondria, causing oxidative stress injury of SGNs and inducing neuronal apoptosis.

Objectives: To study the clinical features of severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and early predicting factors for the development of severe MAS in neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF)., Methods: A total of 295 neonates who were hospitalized due to Ⅲ° MSAF from January 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled as subjects. The neonates were classified to a non-MAS group ( n =199), a mild/moderate MAS group ( n =77), and a severe MAS group ( n =19). A retrospective analysis was performed for general clinical data, blood gas parameters, infection indicators, and perinatal clinical data of the mother. The respiratory support regimens after birth were compared among the three groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to investigate predicting factors for the development of severe MAS in neonates with MSAF., Results: Among the 295 neonates with MSAF, 32.5% (96/295) experienced MAS, among whom 20% (19/96) had severe MAS. Compared with the mild/moderate MAS group and the non-MAS group, the severe MAS group had a significantly lower 5-minute Apgar score ( P <0.05) and a significantly higher blood lactate level in the umbilical artery ( P <0.05). Compared with the non-MAS group, the severe MAS group had a significantly higher level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in peripheral blood at 1 hour after birth ( P <0.017). In the severe MAS group, 79% (15/19) of the neonates were born inactive, among whom 13 underwent meconium suctioning, and 100% of the neonates started to receive mechanical ventilation within 24 hours. Peripheral blood IL-6 >39.02 pg/mL and white blood cell count (WBC) >30.345×10 9 /L at 1 hour after birth were early predicting indicators for severe MAS in neonates with MSAF ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: Meconium suctioning cannot completely prevent the onset of severe MAS in neonates with MSAF. The neonates with severe MAS may develop severe respiratory distress and require mechanical ventilation early after birth. Close monitoring of blood lactate in the umbilical artery and peripheral blood IL-6 and WBC at 1 hour after birth may help with early prediction of the development and severity of MAS.

In this study, we separately collected rainwater sewer sediments from typical samples in Suzhou city, such as the urban commercial district, historical and cultural protection area, cultural and educational area, and living area, and analyzed the particle size distribution of the sediments and the characteristics of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus content, and pollution load distribution under each graded particle size. The median particle size D 50 of each sample point was 16.55-327.50 μm, and the particle size trend was as follows:commercial area > living area > historical and cultural protection area > cultural and educational area. D 50 was related to the total organic carbon (TOC). The total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N) were significantly positively correlated, as were the pollutants. The spatial difference of ω (TOC), ω (TN), ω (TP), and ω (NH 4 + -N) in rainwater sewer sediments from different regions was as follows:commercial area > historical and cultural protection area > living area > cultural and educational area, in which ω (TOC) was 0.84%-6.76%, and ω (TN), ω (TP), and ω (NH 4 + -N) were 917.5-12707.1, 196.1-2524.8, and 9.3-156.8 mg·kg -1 , respectively. TOC, TP, and NH 4 + -N pollution loads were mainly concentrated on particles ≤ 75 μm and 250-1000 μm. Street dust pollutants highly differed spatially, with a high content of attached pollutants on street dust particles with a particle size of ≤ 75 μm. Various pollutants migrated into the street dust-pipes, and TP and TN showed certain enrichment characteristics in the sewer. Controlling the transportation of street dust and the accumulation of sediments in the sewer can reduce the pollution of sediment into the rivers during the rainy season.

Objectives: To study the clinical features and prognosis of neonates with severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 60 neonates with severe MAS who were admitted from January 2017 to December 2019. According to the presence or absence of ARDS, they were divided into two groups: ARDS ( n =45) and non-ARDS ( n =15). Clinical features and prognosis were compared between the two groups., Results: Among the 60 neonates with severe MAS, 45 (75%) developed ARDS. Arterial blood gas analysis showed that the ARDS group had a significantly higher median oxygenation index within 1 hour after birth than the non-ARDS group (4.7 vs 2.1, P <0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two groups in white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on admission and the peak values of procalcitonin, CRP, and IL-6 during hospitalization ( P >0.05). The ARDS group had a significantly higher incidence rate of shock than the non-ARDS group (84% vs 47%, P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rates of persistent pulmonary hypertension, pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage, and disseminated intravascular coagulation ( P >0.05). The ARDS group required a longer median duration of mechanical ventilation than the non-ARDS group (53 hours vs 3 hours, P <0.05). In the ARDS group, 43 neonates (96%) were cured and 2 neonates (4%) died. In the non-ARDS group, all 15 neonates (100%) were cured., Conclusions: Neonates with severe MAS and ARDS tend to develop respiratory distress earlier, require a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, and have a higher incidence rate of shock. During the management of children with severe MAS, it is recommended to closely monitor oxygenation index, give timely diagnosis and treatment of ARDS, evaluate tissue perfusion, and actively prevent and treat shock. Citation .

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Xihuang Pills (XHP) and its main components on PI3K, AKT and mTOR signaling pathways and cell apoptosis of castration-resistant human PCa PC-3 cell subcutaneously transplanted tumors in nude mice., Methods: We assigned 36 PC-3 tumor-bearing model mice to six groups of equal numbers to be treated with XHP, musk, calculus bovis (CB), musk + CB and docetaxel, respectively. After 14 days of intervention, we calculated the tumor-inhibition rate in different groups, observed the morphology of the tumor cells by HE staining, determined the levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR mRNA by RT-qPCR, and determined the expressions of PI3K, Akt and mTOR signaling pathways and caspase-3 and caspase-9 proteins by Western blot., Results: After 14 days of medication, the tumor-inhibition rates in the XHP, musk, CB, musk + CB and docetaxel groups were 29.67%, 5.52%, 7.26%, 12.88% and 6.26%, respectively. HE staining showed the formation of apoptotic bodies in the tumor tissues after intervention, especially in the XHP and musk + CB groups. The mRNA and phosphorylated protein expressions of PI3K, Akt and mTOR were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.01), and so were the expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-9 proteins in the XHP and musk + CB groups in comparison with the control (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Xihuang Pills, musk and calculus bovis can inhibit the growth of castration-resistant human PCa PC-3 cell subcutaneously transplanted tumors, which is associated with their effects of suppressing the abnormally activated PI3K, Akt and mTOR signaling pathways and promoting the apoptosis of PCa PC3 cells.

The distal radioulnar joint is not only the main load-bearing joint in the wrist, but also the pivot of the rotation of the forearm. It is one of the most important and unique joints in the body. Maintaining the stability of the distal radioulnar joint is very important for our daily life. The tissue to stabilize the distal radioulnar joint includes bone structures and soft tissue structures. Although the contribution of soft tissue structures to its stability is far exceeding that of bone structures, the influence of abnormal bone structure on the distal radioulnar joint cannot be ignored. By reviewing the relevant literatures, this article divides the bone structural abnormalities into congenital and acquired bone structural abnormalities. The effects of congenital and acquiredbone structural abnormalities on the distal radioulnar joint stability are analysized and collated in this article, and its clinical symptoms, clinical grading, clinical treatments are also summerized. The problems of distal radioulnar joint instability in clinical practicing and its future researching directions are briefly described in order to provide some suggestions for future clinical applications.

Terrestrial carbon cycle plays a key role in driving climate change and ecosystem carbon balance. Understanding the variations of humidity and temperature and CO 2 exchanges are meaningful to reveal the law and mechanism of regional carbon cycles in deserts. We examined the near surface humidity, temperature variations, and CO 2 exchanges by eddy covariance and Bowen ratio systems in a typical mobile dune of Horqin sandy land. We analyzed the relationships between water-heat and CO 2 exchanges of 0 to 10 m vertical height at daily and seasonal scales were analyzed. The results showed that the vertical variations of near surface temperature ranged from 0.4 ℃ to 2 ℃ and decreased with the increases of height from April to September, but with an opposite pattern in other months. The seasonal variation of air relative humidity was greater than 40%. During the growing season of 2018, the averaged daily net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) was -0.02 mg·m -2 ·s -1 . The annual averaged daily NEE was 0.003 mg·m -2 ·s -1 , indicating that the mobile dunes were carbon sources at the whole year scale. The vertical differences of temperature and humidity well fitted the NEE. The inflexion points of the fitting curve were at 10% humidity and 0.5 ℃ temperature, respectively. At the scalem of the year, the NEE fitting result of temperature was better than that of humidity, with the inflexion points at 17 ℃ and 65% humidity, respectively. In the growing season, the near surface vertical temperature difference was negative, which would inhibit CO 2 absorption of mobile dunes. The circumstances of high humidity would promote the absorption of atmospheric CO 2 . Across different time and vertical height, the variations of humidity and temperature were closely related to CO 2 exchanges, which affected carbon sink and source of mobile dunes. Carbon budget was more sensitive to temperature than humidity.

Magnetically recyclable Fe 3 O 4 -CuO was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The degradation of azo dye acid orange 7 (AO7) by percarbonate (SPC) activated with Fe 3 O 4 -CuO was studied. The effects of Fe 3 O 4 -CuO catalyst loading, SPC concentration, pH value, and common chloride ions on AO7 degradation in the Fe 3 O 4 -CuO/SPC system were evaluated. The main reaction mechanism of AO7 degradation was analyzed. The results show that Fe 3 O 4 -CuO could effectively activate SPC to degrade AO7 and the reaction was accelerated with the increase of Fe 3 O 4 -CuO dosage. The increase of SPC dosage was favorable for the degradation of AO7, but excessive SPC dosage inhibited the degradation of AO7. Common ions (e.g., Cl - ) in dye wastewater could promote the degradation of AO7, and the degradation rate increased with increasing concentration of Cl - . The reaction mainly occurred on the surface of the catalyst, and·OH was identified as the main active species for the degradation of AO7. The catalyst Fe 3 O 4 -CuO showed excellent stability owing to the high catalytic activity remaining after 4 cycles of repeated use. The Fe 3 O 4 -CuO/SPC system achieved a high mineralization rate in the process of decolorization of AO7.

To uncover adaptation mechanism of Cyclobalanopsis glauca to the arid environment of Karst areas, current-year seedlings of C. glauca were potted and grown under four soil water conditions: Normal water supply (-0.1 MPa), light drought stress (-0.5 MPa), moderate drought stress (-0.9 MPa), and severe drought stress (-1.5 MPa). We measured leaf growth and parameters of fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction dynamics after treated by 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days. With the increase of drought stress intensity, leaf area, number of green leaves, leaf water content, the contents of chlorophyll a+b and carotenoids, the maximum fluorescence, maximum photochemical quantum yield and potential photochemical efficiency significantly decreased, while the number of dead leaves and the initial fluorescence significantly increased. There was no significant difference in these parameters between light drought and normal water treatments. There were no significant difference in the absorption flux per reaction center (ABS/RC), captured light energy used to restore q A (TR o /RC), number of active reaction centers per unit area (RC/CS), light energy captured per unit area (TR o /CS) and light energy used for electron transfer per unit area (ET o /CS) between light drought and normal water treatments. Among these parameters, RC/CS was slightly higher under light drought treatment than that of normal water treatment. TR o /CS and ET o /CS reached peaks at the 45th day, being 606.12 and 440.78, respectively. Leaf ABS/RC, TR o /RC, ET o /RC, DIR o /RC, RC/CS, TR o /CS and ET o /CS of C. glauca seedlings under mode-rate drought and severe drought treatment were lower than those of normal water treatment, and the parameters under severe drought stress decreased more significantly with the extension of drought stress time. With increasing intensity and duration of drought stress, the maximum quantum efficiency, probability of other electron acceptors, and quantum ratio of electron transfer decreased, but quantum yield for energy dissipation increased. These results demonstrated that C. glauca seedlings under light drought condition showed some degree of adaptability and resistance to drought. Mode-rate drought treatment caused a decline in chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments, leading to slow growth of seedlings. Severe drought had a serious impact on growth of C. glauca seedlings, but did not lead to seedling death. Therefore, C. glauca seedlings showed strong drought tolerance, which were suitable for the application of vegetation restoration and reforestation projects in Karst areas.

Objective: To investigate the effects of apolipoprotein E (apoE) on the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) induced by hypoxia., Methods: Primary culture of mouse PASMCs was prepared from male C57BL/6 mouse pulmonary artery by the method of tissue block anchorage. PASMCs were divided into four groups: normoxia group, normoxia with apoE administration group, hypoxia group and hypoxia with apoE administration group. The proliferation of PASMCs was observed by EdU incorporation. The protein levels of apoE, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphorylated protein kinase C (p-PKC) were analyzed by Western blot., Results: The percentage of PASMCs proliferation of hypoxia group was significantly higher than that of normoxia group by 64.7% (P＜0.05), and the protein expression levels of PCNA and p-PKC of hypoxia group were up-regulated than those of normoxia group by 69.0% and 120.0%, while the protein expression of apoE was down-regulated by 51.0% (P＜0.05), respectively. The percentage of PASMCs proliferation of hypoxia with apoE administration group was significantly lower than that of hypoxia group by 19.6% (P＜0.05), and the protein expression levels of PCNA and p-PKC of hypoxia with apoE administration group were down-regulated than those of hypoxia group by 19.8% and 103.2% (P＜0.05), respectively. There was no significant difference among each group in the protein expression of PKC, nor do there any significant difference between normoxia group and hypoxia group in the protein expression of p-PKC (P＞0.05)., Conclusion: ApoE can inhibit the proliferation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia, and the mechanism of its effect may be attributed to blocking PKC pathway.

Objective: To investigate the effects of exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on the development of Treg and TH17 cells., Methods: Exosomes from the serum-free-culture supernatants of hUC-MSC were harvested by ultracentrifugation. The electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot were used to identify the hUC-MSC-exosomes, such as the morphology, the paticle chameter, and the protein content. The PBMC stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 were incubated with the exosomes for five days, and then the percentage changes of Treg and TH17 cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry., Results: The hUC MSC-derived exosomes were saucer-like in morphology the averge diameter was approximately 142 nm. They were identified as positive for CD9 and CD63. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg cells in the PBMC were significantly higher, but the proportion of CD4 + IL17A + T cells in the hUC-MSC-exosome group was obviously lower than that in the group without the hUC-MSC-exosom (control group) (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The hUC-MSC-exosomes have an immunomodulatory effect on T cells in vitro by increasing the ratio of Treg and reducing the ratio of TH17 cells, expecting the hUC-MSC-exosom as a novel cell-free target for immunotherapy.

Objective: To observe the changes of apolipoprotein E (apoE) protein expression of pulmonary tissue in mice with pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia., Methods: The animal model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension was established by exposing the mice to isobaric hypoxic chamber for 3 weeks (23 h/d, regular chow feed).Twenty male wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and twenty apoE gene knockout (apoE-KO) mice were randomly divided into normoxia group and hypoxia group. The plasma concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol were detected by ELISA method. The protein expression of apoE in lung and liver, and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in lung were measured by Western blot., Results: ①In WT mice, the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and the weight ratio of right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle plus septum (LV+S) of hypoxia group were significantly higher than those of normoxia group by 68% and 59% ( P <0.05), respectively. The plasma concentration of HDL and HDL/LDL of hypoxia group were significantly lower than those of normoxia group by 17% and 40% ( P <0.05), respectively.The protein expression of apoE in lung and in liver of hypoxia group were significantly down-regulated than those of normoxia group by 48% and 52% ( P <0.05), respectively.The protein expression of PPARγ in lung was significantly down-regulated than that of normoxia group by 37%( P <0.05).RVSP were significantly negative correlated with the protein levels of apoE and PPARγ in lung ( P <0.01).② In apoE-KO mice, RVSP and the weight ratio of RV to LV+S of hypoxia group were significantly higher than those of normoxia group by 96% and 86% ( P <0.05), respectively.RVSP and RV to (LV+S) of hypoxia group in apoE-KO mice were significantly higher than those of hypoxia group in WT mice by 29% and 24% ( P <0.05), respectively., Conclusions: Down-regulated expression of apoE in lung tissue participates in the pathological proceeding of pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia.

The rG-MnFe 2 O 4 was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Raman spectra. The rG-MnFe 2 O 4 was used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to decolorize azo dyes, e.g., Orange G, and the effect of PMS dosage, rG-MnFe 2 O 4 loadings, initial pH, and the concentration of Cl - were investigated. The results indicated that the degradation rate of OG was 100% within 27 min with 0.3 g ·L -1 of rG-MnFe 2 O 4 and at a 40:1 of PMS:OG molar ratio. The decolorization efficiency of OG increased with increasing PMS concentration and increasing rG-MnFe 2 O 4 dosage. The initial pH had a significant effect on OG degradation, and pH 5.00 was most favorable for its decolorization. In addition, the addition of Cl - accelerated the decolorization of OG, and the decolorization rate increased with increasing concentration of Cl - . The rG-MnFe 2 O 4 also exhibited an excellent reusability, and its activation of PMS was still observed after five rounds of tests. From the analysis of UV-vis spectra and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), the naphthalene ring and azo band were found to be destroyed, with p-nitrophenol and phthalic acid as the main degradation products. Finally, a TOC analysis indicated that a certain degree of OG mineralization was obtained in the rG-MnFe 2 O 4 /PMS system.

Objective: To study the efficacy of metformin intervention on insulin resistance during catch-up growth in mice with fetal growth restriction (FGR)., Methods: Mouse models of FGR were established by low protein diet feeding of the pregnant mice. Both the newborn female mice with FGR and normal control (NC) mice were randomized for feeding with a standard diet (SF) or a high-fat diet (HF) after weaning and treatment with gavage of either metformin or normal saline. The mice were examined for vaginal opening time and the estrous cycle at the age of 8 weeks. At the age of 12 weeks, 6 mice in anestrus from each group were fasted for 12 h for measurement of body weight, height, poundera index (PI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (Fins), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and the HOMA-IR was calculated. The reproductive capacity of female mice was assessed by mixing them with male mice at the ratio of 2:1. The 3 × 2 factorial analysis was conducted to determine the interactions between FGR, high-fat feeding and metformin., Results: Factorial analysis showed that FGR and high-fat feeding had significant effects on the PI index, Fins, HOMA-IR, vaginal opening time, and AMH (P<0.05). Metformin significantly affected the factors related to high-fat feeding including weight, PI, FPG, Fins, HOMA-IR and estrous cycle (P<0.05) and the factors related to FGR with the exception of height and FSH (P<0.05). FGR significantly affected the factors tested except for body weight (P<0.05); high-fat feeding affected all the factors but the FSH (P<0.05); metformin affected all the factors but the height and FSH (P<0.05). In the female mice treated with saline, the pregnancy rates differed significantly between FGR mice with high-fat feeding and control mice with standard feeding, and between FGR mice with standard feeding and high-fat feeding (P<0.05)., Conclusion: FGR mice can present with delayed puberty with rare ovulation and adulthood insulin resistance, and high-fat feeding after birth can promote the catch-up growth of FGR mice. Metformin intervention is effective for improving insulin resistance and reproductive-endocrine disorders in FGR mice during catch-up growth.

In the process of X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, the traditional single-energy X-ray CT imaging technology is only applicable to structural analysis but can’t meet the needs of functioning for substance distinction and identification because of the multispectral hardening artifacts and inconsistency between the projection acquisition process and reconstruction assumption. A multispectral CT imaging method based on the spectrum matching priors is presented. First, energy spectrum filtering matching model is built and range spectrum parameters are set according to the material composition; then multi-spectrum projection sequence is acquired by filtering. Second, the different reference energy is selected according to the material composition, befor using the improved Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (ART) to achieve a multi-spectral CT imaging. Simulation result shows that we improved the contrast of the reconstructed image effectively, while meeting the needs of substance distinction. The actual data collection process is achieved by reconstructing in different spectrum and different corresponding reference energy.

The effect of 0-0.5 mmol·L -1 anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid on anaerobic fermentation of Klebsiella oxytoca GS-4-08 was analyzed. By comparing bio-hydrogen production, carbon source degradation, and degradation products, the optimal concentration of 0.1 mmol·L -1 was acquired. Under this concentration, Klebsiella oxytoca GS-4-08 could decolorize 100% methyl orange within 10 h, degrade 92% sucrose within 25 h, meanwhile produce 0.117 mol·mol -1 ethanol, 0.116 mol·mol -1 acetic acid, 2.25 mol·mol -1 hydrogen. Besides, the promoting mechanism of AQS on MO decolorization and hydrogen production by Klebsiella oxytoca GS-4-08 was analyzed by comparing the experimental results and the literatures. The electron transfer and energy conversion are analyzed during the bacterial degradation process by converting the substances into COD; the optimal electron yield was 87.98% and the optimal energy generation rate was 802 kJ·mol -1 , and both were achieved under 0.1 mmol·L -1 of AQS. Using Klebsiella oxytoca GS-4-08, at least two types of biofuels could be produced via fermentation process, which showed prospects in future applications.

The synthetic ferrihydrite, FerrorMox (FM), was used as adsorbent for removing phosphorus from wastewater. SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR and Raman were used to characterize FM, and the results indicated that FM was amorphous 2 L ferrihydrite and was composed of Fe, O, Ca and Si, etc. Afterwards, FM was applied to adsorb phosphorus from wastewater, and the adsorption performance, influence factors and adsorption mechanism were investigated. The phosphorus removal rate reached 99.14% under the condition of adsorption time of 60 min, initial pH phosphate solution of 2, relative dosing quantity of 7 g·L -1 , reaction temperature of 25℃, initial concentration of 10 mg·L -1 , and solution volume of 50 mL. Adsorption isotherms were well fitted with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model at different temperature with the correlation coefficient reaching above 0.95. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the phosphorus adsorption by FM was a spontaneous endothermic reaction. The phosphate removal kinetics well followed both pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model. About 99% of phosphate adsorbed on FM could be desorbed in 0.1 mol·L -1 NaOH solution. Therefore, FM was a promising absorbent material for the removal of phosphate from waste water.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) was used as an activator to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade azo dye orange G (OG) in aqueous solution. The results indicated that CNT exhibited a much better performance in activating PMS to decolorize OG than activated carbon (GAC), with 99% decolorization of OG achieved within 45 min. Afterwards, the degradation mechanism of OG in CNT activated PMS system was explored, and SO 4 - ·was found to be dominantly responsible for OG degradation, which mainly took place on the surface of CNT. Effects of various factors, including temperatures, initial concentration of OG, CNT loadings, PMS dosage, and initial pH, on degradation of OG were then investigated, and OG degradation in these cases well conformed to first-order kinetics. From the analysis of UV-vis spectra of OG during the reaction, the peaks at 479 nm and 330 nm were found to be significantly decreased, suggesting that the azo band and naphthaline ring were destructed, respectively. Finally, TOC analysis indicated that a certain degree of OG mineralization was obtained in CNT activated PMS system.

Activated carbon supported cobalt catalysts (Co/AC) were prepared through wet impregnation and high temperature calcination methods. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) characterization results showed that Co 3 O 4 was the major form of Co species distributed on AC. The performance of Co/AC was evaluated as catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to produce sulfate radicals (SO 4 - ·) for Orange G (OG) degradation in solution. The activation mechanism and several influential factors were also investigated. The results demonstrated that SO 4 - ·played a dominant role in OG degradation. And the degradation efficiency of OG increased with increasing Co/AC dosage, higher PMS concentration or elevating reaction temperature. Initial pH had a significant effect on OG degradation, with pH range of 4 to 8 as the optimal pH for degradation. In addition, the strong acidic or alkaline conditions were unfavorable for OG degradation. A dual effect of chloride ions (Cl - ) was observed. The high Cl - concentration promoted degradation, while low concentration led to inhibition. The Co/AC also exhibited excellent reusability and its activating performance toward PMS was still observed after 6 rounds of tests. Finally, the degradation process and intermediate products of OG were analyzed with UV-visible spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

In order to illuminate pollutants distribution characteristics in sediment of Shanmei Reservoir, sediment samples at 47 sampling stations were collected (include 8 column samples), and concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter in the sediment of each station were measured. C/N and the correlation of TN, TP and OM were also analyzed. Finally, pollution assessment for contaminated layer sediments was conducted. The results showed that the average contents of TN, TP and OM (mass fraction) were 1,180 mg · kg⁻¹, 642 mg · kg⁻¹ and 3.30% in the contaminated layer of sediments. Concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were low and stable at the depth of the normal layer. C/N of the contaminated layer of sediments was much higher than those in normal lakes, which showed that large part of OM came from natural land-based sources. Besides, a small part of OM came from phytoplankton, zooplankton and algae. Any two of TN,TP and OM were significantly correlated. This result showed that most of the nitrogen and phosphorus were in the organic form, and they came from similar sources. Evaluation results showed that both organic index and organic nitrogen belonged to the clean category. TP was at a moderate pollution level but not far from the category of heavy pollution.

The Cashmere goat is mainly used to produce cashmere, which is very popular for its delicate fiber, luscious softness and natural excellent warm property. Keratin associated protein (KAP) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) of the Cashmere goat play an important role in the proliferation and development of cashmere fiber follicle cells. Bacterial artificial chromosome containing kap6.3, kap8.1 and bmp4 genes were used to increase the production and quality of Cashmere. First, we constructed bacterial artificial chromosomes by homology recombination. Then Tol2 transposon was inserted into bacterial artificial chromosomes that were then transfected into Cashmere goat fibroblasts by Amaxa Nucleofector technology according to the manufacture's instructions. We successfully constructed the BAC-Tol2 vectors containing target genes. Each vector contained egfp report gene with UBC promoter, Neomycin resistant gene for cell screening and two loxp elements for resistance removing after transfected into cells. The bacterial artificial chromosome-Tol2 vectors showed a high efficiency of transfection that can reach 1% to 6% with a highest efficiency of 10%. We also obtained Cashmere goat fibroblasts integrated exogenous genes (kap6.3, kap8.1 and bmp4) preparing for the clone of Cashmere goat in the future. Our research demonstrates that the insertion of Tol2 transposons into bacterial artificial chromosomes improves the transfection efficiency and accuracy of bacterial artificial chromosome error-free recombination.

The particle size distribution (PSD) and its transformation processes in the stormwater runoffs in the ancient town of Suzhou were studied based on the particles size analyses, the water-quality monitoring data and the parameters of the rainfall-runoff models. The commercial districts, the modern residential area, the old residential area, the traffic area and the landscape tourist area were selected as the five functional example areas in the ancient town of Suzhou. The effects of antecedent dry period, the rainfall intensity and the amount of runoffs on the particle size distributions were studied, and the existing forms of the main pollutants in different functional areas and their possible relations were analyzed as well. The results showed that the particle size distribution, the migration processes and the output characteristics in the stormwater runoffs were greatly different in these five functional areas, which indicated different control measures for the pollution of the runoffs should be taken in the design process. The antecedent dry period, the rainfall intensity and the amount of runoffs showed significant correlations with the particle size distribution, showing these were the important factors. The output of the particles was greatly influenced by the flow scouring in the early period of the rainfall, and the correlations between the amount of runoffs and the particle migration ability presented significant difference in 30% (early period) and 70% (later period) of the runoff volume. The major existence form of the output pollutants was particle, and the correlation analyses of different diameter particles showed that the particles smaller than 150 microm were the dominant carrier of the pollutants via adsorption and accumulation processes.

Granular activated carbon with silver loaded as activator (Ag/GAC) was prepared using impregnation method. N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were adopted to characterize the Ag/GAC, showing that silver was successfully loaded on granular activated carbon. The oxidation degradation of acid orange 7 (AO7) by the Ag/GAC activated by persulfate (PS) was investigated at ambient temperature. The influences of factors such as Ag loading, PS or Ag/GAC dosages and initial pH on the degradation of AO7 were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the degradation rate of AO7 could reach more than 95.0% after 180 min when the Ag loading content, PS/AO7 molar ratio, the Ag/GAC dosage were 12.7 mg x g(-1), 120: 1, 1.0 g x L(-1), respectively. The initial pH had significant effect on the AO7 degradation, with pH 5.0 as the optimal pH for the degradation of AO7. The possible degradation pathway was proposed for the AO7 degradation by using UV-visible spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GG/MS). The azo bond and naphthalene ring in the AO7 were destroyed during the degradation, with phthalic acid and acetophenone as the main degradation products.