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ObjectiveA simple and rapid method for the simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of fishery anesthetics and 2 kinds of sedatives in freshwater fish was developed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）.MethodsThe fish sample was adsorbed with C18 and PSA after extracted with acetonitrile， then centrifuged and diluted with water， detected in the positive / negative ion mode. Quantitative analysis was carried out by isotope internal standard method with matrix calibration curve.ResultsUnder the optimized conditions， good linearities for 7 kinds of fishery anesthetics and 2 kinds of sedatives were obtained in the range of 0.5-50 μg/L （MS-222 was 0.05-5.0 μg/L） with the correlation coefficients（r） higher than 0.999. The limits of detection were 0.02-0.4 μg/kg （S/N=3）. Recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 87.0% to 117.3%. And the relative standard deviations was 2.5%-8.2%.ConclusionThis method was simple， sensitive and selective， which could be applied to the rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of the 7 kinds of fishery anesthetics and 2 kinds of sedatives in freshwater fish.

[Purpose/Significance] Based on the moderating effect of regional innovation cooperation network's clustering coefficient and average shortest path length, the paper analyzes the impact of enterprise centrality in network on technological innovation performance, in order to provide reference to enterprise innovation management. [Method/Process] Using patent data to construct patent cooperation networks, this paper builds a theoretical model measuring technological innovation performance of an enterprise, with degree centrality and betweenness centrality of the enterprise in the network as independent variables, with the clustering coefficient and average shortest path length of patent cooperation network as a moderator variable. [Results/Conclusions] The empirical study in the field of integrated circuit technology in the Yangtze River Delta is carried out and the stepwise multiple linear regression results show the following conclusions. The density of cooperation network, the accumulation of technological innovation, the number of R&D personnel, and the intensity of R&D investment in the province where the firm is located have a significant positive impact on the firm's technological innovation performance. Compared with enterprises and research institutes, when enterprises cooperate with universities, their technological innovation performance is more favorable. The degree centrality and the betweenness centrality of a firm in the cooperation network have a significant positive impact on the firm's technological innovation performance. The average shortest path length has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between intermediary centrality and firms' technological innovation performance. The longer the average shortest path length is, the more obvious the positive effect of intermediary centrality on firms' technological innovation performance is. Through the empirical analysis, the paper reveals the influence mechanism of regional innovation cooperation network on firms' technological innovation performance. The position (center, intermediary) of firms in the cooperation network has a significant influence on firms' technological innovation performance, and the structural attribute of the cooperation network has a significant moderating effect on this effect. Based on the analysis results, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the technological innovation performance of enterprises.

Objective To investigate the sleep status of medical staff in neurology departments of Hunan Province during the pandemic of COVID-19. Methods The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to design questionnaire, which was randomly distributed to the medical staff of neurology departments in Hunan Province, and the results were compared with data from other areas of China. Results The PSQI score from neurology department in Hunan Province was significantly higher than controls during the pandemic period(P＜0.001). The PSQI score of nurses was remarkable higher than that of the doctors (P＜0.05). The PSQI score of junior staff was higher(P＜0.05). Conclusions During the pandemic of COVID-19, the sleep quality of medical staff in neurology departments of Hunan Province was poor, especially the clinical nurses and juniors. It is necessary to improve psychological counseling and provide them with sleep hygiene guidance.

Objective To prepare the new NGR-targeted shRNA-loaded liposome, and investigate its suppressing effect on orthotopic C6 glioma in rats. Methods (1) Liposome(lipo), the NGR-targeted liposome (lipo-NGR) and shBirc5-loaded lipo-NGR were prepared successively, and all kinds of products were characterized accordingly; (2) The targeting property of shBirc5-lipo-NGR was researched by immunohistochemical method in orthotopic C6 glioma rats model; (3) The tumor growth in treated rats was monitored longitudinally with MRI T2, and the survival time of each rat was recorded simultaneously. Results (1) We successfully prepared shBirc5-lipo-NGR whose size and zeta potential were (186.2±74.07)nm and (10.9±3.76)mV; (2) The Birc5 protein was significantly decreased in shBirc5-lipo-NGR group, compared with shBirc5-lipo group, shControl-lipo-NGR group and control group; (3) The control group exhibited an average tumor volume and growth rate 4.7 times greater than that in the shBirc5-lipo-NGR group on the 12th, 17th and 22th day(P < 0.05). The median survival times of the shBirc5-lipo-NGR, shBirc5-lipo, shControl-lipo-NGR and control groups were 30, 24, 22, 21 days, respectively. Conclusion We successfully prepare the new NGR-targeted shRNA-loaded liposome, and demonstrate its targeting property, obvious inhibitory effect on tumor growth and extending the survival time of orthotopic C6 glioma-bearing rats.

In this paper, soybean protein based composite gel spheres were prepared by double crosslinking technology based on green natural macromolecule soybean protein and sodium alginate as raw materials. The composition and microstructure of soy protein based composite gel spheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Zeta potential analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the soybean protein based composite gel spheres were porous nanostructures, and the Zeta potential on the surface of the gel spheres decreased with the increase of the pH value of the solution environment. Weakly alkaline environment (pH=8) was conducive to the adsorption of positively charged methylene blue dye molecules. Soybean protein based composite gel spheres have excellent adsorption capacity for methylene blue, and the maximum removal efficiency can reach 91%. The adsorption behavior conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. Langmuir model calculated that the maximum adsorption capacity could reach 596 mg/g. The soybean protein based composite gel spheres showed good regeneration and recycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe whether CAV3 is involved in the physiological process of IMGU and NIMGU. Downregulation of caveolin-3 (CAV3) protein expression by small interference RNAs (iRNA) has been studied. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake (IMGU) is critical in skeletal muscle and cardiac myocytes, but non - insulin -mediated glucose uptake (NIMGU) should not be neglected. Methods: CAV3 siRNAs were designed and transfected in C2C12 cells and H9c2 cells in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, respectively, and C2C12 and H9c2 cells were cultured in DMEM medium with and without insulin, respectively. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein expression was detected by Western blot, and the glucose uptake rate of cells was measured by biochemical kit. Results: Transfection with CAV3 siRNA successfully down- regulated CAV3 protein expression in C2C12 and H9c2 cells. In the absence of insulin stimulation, GLUT4 expression was decreased (P<0.01) and glucose uptake was reduced (P<0.05) after 48 h of transfection in C2C12 cells, and GLUT4 expression was decreased (P<0.05) and glucose uptake was reduced (P<0.01) after 48 h of transfection in H9c2 cells. In the presence of insulin stimulation, GLUT4 expression was decreased (P<0.01) and glucose uptake was reduced (P<0.01) after 48 hours of transfection in C2C12 cells, and the down-regulation of GLUT4 was not statistically significant and glucose uptake was reduced (P<0.01) after 48 hours of transfection in H9c2 cells. Conclusion: Two different states, IMGU and NIMGU, exist in C2C12 cells and H9c2 cells. Both in the quiet state stimulated by insulin as well as in the absence of insulin stimulation, the cellular uptake of glucose is affected by GLUT4 changes regulated by CAV3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microwave digestion system with aqua regia was developed for the determination of trace lead in tea garden soil using Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG-AFS). The leaching methods, experimental conditions, booster and coexisting element were optimized. The largest amount of lead was leached out by microwave digestion with aqua regia, which has the advantages of less usage of reagent and less environmental pollution. An appropriate amount of potassium ferricyanide and hydroxylamine hydrochloride improved the hydride generation efficiency of Pb. The lead blank was reduced significantly when Potassium ferricyanide solution was treated with rice husk to remove Pb in the reagent. It was found that Co, Zn, As, and Cd did not interfere with the determination of lead. The addition of 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate and sodium hydrosulfide could effectively eliminate the interferences from Fe and Cu, which improved the recovery rate of lead. The limit of detection was 0.65 μg/L and the precision was 1.89% (n=10) with recoveries of 86.8%-110.4% for Pb. The reliability of the method has been tested by determination of Pb in the Soils Standard Reference Materials and the results are in agreement with the certified values. The method has been applied to the determination of Pb in tea garden soil with satisfactory results. It was also particularly suitable for large batches of samples.

Objective. To evaluate the role of preablative stimulated thyroglobulin (ps-Tg) as an early prognostic marker for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) complicated with nodular goitre (NG) after operation and determine the corresponding cut-off value. Methods. A total of 268 patients with DTC complicated with NG who underwent the 131I treatment and thyroidectomy were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate baseline ps-Tg and other clinicopathologic characteristics in the prediction of distant metastasis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to analyze optimal cut-off point of ps-Tg for predicting the recurrence or metastasis for patients with DTC complicated with NG. Results. In the Logistic analysis, ps-Tg (OR=1.002, P=0.005), N1b (OR=0.235, P=0.001) and the histological-pathological types (OR=0.263, P= 0.012) were predictors of distant metastasis. The cut-off value of ps-Tg for predicting the recurrence or metastasis was 26.97 ng/mL, with sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 83.3%. Area under the ROC curve was 0.795. Conclusion. For patients with DTC complicated with NG, ps-Tg, N1b and the histological-pathological types have a significant prognostic implication in early postoperative metastasis or recurrence. The cut off value of ps-Tg could be more useful for the prediction of metastasis or recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the characteristics and sources of pollutants in Wujiang, Suzhou City during the China International Import Expo (referred to as the 'Expo') which held in Shanghai from November 5 to 10, 2019, the data of Wujiang Meteorological Bureau was used to analyze the trend of pollutants before and after the Expo, the impact of meteorological conditions, and various air mass transmission paths. The results showed that the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 decreased by 31.0% and 47.3%, which meant control measures implemented in Wujiang effectively reduced the generation of local pollutants. The interference of local pollution was eliminated at the great level for the analysis of external transport by the above control measures. The analysis results of meteorological conditions showed that the wind speed was less than 3 m/s, south wind tends to cause SO2 transport. When the wind speed was more than 4 m/s, westerly winds bring particles and SO2 transport easily. HYSPLIT4.9 model was used to analyze air mass backward trajectories, whose result showed that the air mass from central Jiangsu and Anhui area (altitude<500 m) of air pollution raised short-term pollutant concentration. Finally, the lidar monitoring results were used to verify particle concentration analysis and trajectory aggregate results. The research results excluded the interference of local pollution on the pollution transport analysis, and objectively evaluated the impact of external transport, which had important guiding significance for strengthening the joint prevention and control of the Yangtze River Delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of diabetes on circadian expression of clock gene Per2 and its mechanism. Methods A total of fifty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into non-diabetic (NDM) group and DM group. The rats were randomly divided into 5 sub-groups: NDM+A, DM+A, NDM+P, DM+P and DM+A+PF (n=10 for each). At the same time, a circadian rhythm model was established and the rats were given 12 h light/12 h dark cycle environment. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of myocardium; Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the pathological changes of myocardium and the expression of Per2; Real-time PCR was used to detect the gene expressions of CK1ε and Per2, and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of CK1ε and Per2 at the protein level. Single factor variance analysis and t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results Both CK1ε and Per2 expressions increased at mRNA and protein levels in DM+A group than those in NDM+A group (t=2.84, 4.63; t=4.00, 5.32, respectively, all P<0.05); Compared with NDM+P group, the mRNA and protein expressions of CK1ε increased in DM+P group (t=6.04, 3.60, all P<0.05), while the mRNA expression of Per2 decreased (t=3.90, P<0.05) and the protein expression of Per2 increased (t=2.55, P<0.05); Compared with NDM + A group, the protein expression of Per2 decreased in NDM + P group (t=3.54, P<0.05), while the mRNA expression of Per2 increased (t=5.35, P<0.05); Compared with DM+ A group, the expressions of CK1ε and Per2 at the mRNA and protein levels decreased in DM+P group (t= 3.24, 4.32, all P<0.05); Compared with DM+A group, in PF-670462 intervention subgroup both CK1ε and Per2 expressions at the protein levels decreased (both P<0.05);Compared with each NDM sub-groups, HE staining showed myocardial arrangement disorder, interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in each DM subgroups, and the results of immunohistochemistry showed more positive of Per2 expression displayed at diabetic myocardiopathy. Conclusion Diabetes mellitus affects the diurnal expression of clock gene Per2 injury possibly by upregulated CK1ε signal which may be related to diabetic myocardial injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the efficacy of glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide(LIRA) combined with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs) on the glucose metabolism and islet β cell function in type 2 diabetic SD rats. Methods Type 2 diabetic SD rats models were established by giving high-carbonhydrate-fat diet and then intraperitoneal injecting of streptozotocin. The rats models were randomly divided into four groups according the table of random number: type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), T2DM+UC-MSC, T2DM+LIRA, T2DM+LIRA+UC-MSCs, 10 rats in each group. Rats of each group were given the appropriate drug therapy for 8 weeks respectively. Liraglutide was given by subcutaneous injection with 200 µg/kg dosage. UC- MSCs were given by tail vein injection with 5×106 cells. During the treatment period, the general condition indexs of each group were monitored. The serum glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), peptide C(C-P), glucagon(Glu), GLP-1, gastrin(GAS) and cholecystokinin (CCK) were measured respectively. Mean data between groups was compared with one- way ANOVA. Results After 8- week of treatment, compared with T2DM group, HbA1c of the T2DM + UC-MSCs, T2DM+LIRA and T2DM+LIRA+UC-MSCs group decreased significantly((9.1±0.4)% vs (7.2±0.4)%, (3.9± 0.3)%, (3.1±0.3)%, respectively, F=815.220, P<0.05), and it was lowest in T2DM+LIRA+UC-MSCs group (t=-28.105, -5.918,both P<0.05). Compared with T2DM group, the C-P of T2DM+UC-MSC group increased significantly(t=8.774, P<0.05), while there were no much changes in Glu, GLP- 1, GAS and CCK(t=2.168, 1.894, 1.768, 1.516,all P>0.05); but the C- P, GLP- 1, GAS and CCK in T2DM+LIRA group and T2DM+ LIRA + UC- MSCs group increased markably(t=- 18.115- 35.732, all P<0.05), while the Glu decreased remarkably (t=3.022, 11.859, both P<0.05). Compared with T2DM+LIRA group, the C-P, GLP-1, GAS and CCK in T2DM+LIRA+UC-MSCs group also increased significantly (t=-9.107, 7.635, 9.870, 19.152, all P< 0.05), while the Glu decreased obviously(t=-13.976, P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the level of C- P was positively correlated with GLP- 1, GAS and CCK(r=0.401, 0.628, 0.619, all P<0.01), whereas it was negatively correlated with Glu(r=-0.603, P<0.01). The level of Glu was negatively correlated with GLP-1, GAS and CCK (r=-0.827, -0.583, -0.516, all P<0.01). Conclusions The combined treatment of liraglutide and UC- MSCs is superior to a single treatment of liraglutide or UC- MSCs in improving the glucose metabolish and islet β cell function in type 2 diabetic SD rats models. The effects may be related to the gastrointestinal hormone excretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the correlation of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol level with intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods A case-control study was applied. 142 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were assigned as study group, and 201 healthy subjects as control group. The 142 patients underwent initial computed tomography (CT) within 6 hours and repeated CT within 24 hours of onset. Patients in the study group with intracerebral hemorrhage were divided into the hematoma expansion group and non-hematoma expansion group. The two sample t test was used to compare the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), apolipoprotein AI (ApoA-I) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) between intracerebral hemorrhage group and control group. The blood lipid levels were compared between intracerebral hemorrhage hematoma expansion group and non-hematoma expansion group. Results The serum level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in study group than that of control group (P < 0.05). The serum level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in hematoma expansion group than that of non-hematoma expansion group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Low density lipoprotein cholesterol level decrease is correlated with the occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage and hematoma expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate and analyze the status and influencing factors of the continuing medical education, so as to provide evaluation basis for development of continuing medical education. Methods A total of 159 trainees from the "Continuing medical education management and resident doctor standardization training seminar" in Yunnan province were enrolled in this study. Then a questionnaire survey was performed in them. Results The training content of continuing medical education is given priority to with the basic theory and skills, insufficient of medical humanities and management related knowledge. Distance education has become an important form of participating in continuing medical education for basic health technical personnel. There are statistically significant differences in continuing medical education contents and ways between medical units with different level (P < 0.05) . Limited time, high cost and inconvenient transportation are the main factors influencing health technical personnel to participate in continuing medical education. Conclusion The government should set up a multi-level system of continuing medical education, and enrich the content of continuing medical education, so as to provide comprehensive and multidisciplinary continuing medical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a research which investigates the immune effect and the potency of the DNA vaccine recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV) in treating the bovine herpes virus.

Objective To explore the effect and necessity of a scientific writing course offered in medical colleges and universities. Methods The questionnaire survey was used to understand the requirements of scientific paper writing for undergraduate students of Kunming Medical University, and an optional course "Scientific Paper Writing Norms and Methods" was set up for undergraduates. The teaching effect was evaluated using questionnaire survey and score assessment. Results (1) Students all thought that learning science and technology paper writing was important for work in the future, and 93.22% students thought that it was necessary to open scientific writing course in college. (2) 28.33% (17/60) students said they gained a lot, and 55% (33/60) students made some gains from the course. 96.67% (58/60) students expressed satisfaction with the teacher's teaching way. 91.67% (55/60) students thought that the course offered was reasonable. 76.67% students achieved 80 points or above. Conclusion Opening scientific paper writing course in medical colleges and universities is an important means of improving students' scientific research capability and innovative thinking, so colleges and universities should open scientific writing course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plateau environment is characterized by low oxygen, low air pressure, low temperature, and strong ultraviolet rays, etc. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable chronic lung disease. High altitude environment increases COPD prevalence, clinical manifestation and mortality. The therapeutic window of theophylline drugs for COPD is narrow, and the high altitude environment has an influence on the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. This review summarizes the differences in the prevalence, mortality, clinical manifestation and clinical symptoms of COPD in the plateau and plain, providing a basis for identifying the risk factors of COPD in the plateau areas. The effects of plateau hypoxic environment on the pharmacokinetics of COPD drugs were also discussed. It can provide a rationale for more effective prevention and treatment of COPD at high altitude.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum dried with two different methods(air drying and heating) on inflammation in acute lung injury(ALI) mice in vivo and in vitro. Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was sprayed into the airway of wild type C57BL/6J male mice to establish the model, and the drug was injected into the tail vein 24 h after modeling. Lung function, lung tissue wet/dry weight(W/D) ratio, the total protein concentration, interleukin 6(IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), and pathological changes of the lung tissue were used to evaluate the effects of different gypenosides on ALI mice. The results showed that total gypenosides(YGGPs) and the gypenosides substituted with one or two glycosyl(GPs&#95;(1-2)) in the air-dried sample improved the lung function, significantly lowered the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in BALF, and alleviated the lung inflammation of ALI mice. Moreover, GPs&#95;(1-2) had a more significant effect on inhibiting NO release in RAW264.7 cells. This study showed that different drying methods affected the anti-inflammatory activity of G. pentaphyllum, and the rare saponins in the air-dried sample without heating had better anti-inflammatory activity.

Objective To compare the macular structure and microcirculation in both eyes of the patients with myopic anisometropia.Methods Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)was employed to scan the macular areas in both eyes of 44 patients with myopic anisometropia.The patients were assigned into high and low groups based on the refractive diopter,and the parameters such as retinal thickness,choroidal thickness,vascular density,and perfusion density in the macular areas of both eyes were compared between the two groups.Results Other macular areas except the central and external nasal areas and the choroid of the fovea in the high group were thinner than those in the low group(all P <0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in retinal vascular density or perfusion density in different areas between the two groups(all P >0.05).Conclusion In the patients with myopic anisometropia,most areas of the retina in the case of high myopia is thinner than that in the case of low myopia,while there is no difference in retinal vascular density or perfusion density in both eyes.

Objective: To observe the protective effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the intestinal mucosal barrier and its relationship with the Notch/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with ulcerative colitis (UC), so as to explore its mechanism of treating UC., Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomized into control, model and EA groups, with 6 mice in each group. The UC model was established by giving the mice with 2% Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) for 7 days. EA (2 Hz/15 Hz, 0.2 mA) was applied at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST36) for 30 min, once a day for 7 days. The disease activity indexes ［DAI=(body weight index score+stool score+bleeding score)/3; 0-4 points］ of mice were calculated. The morphological changes of colonic tissues of mice in each group were observed by HE staining, and serum contents of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Claudin-1 protein expression in colon tissue was detected by immunofluorescence, while the protein expression levels of Muc-2, Notch-1, MMP-9 in colon tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. The real-time PCR method was used to detect the expression levels of Notch-1, Hes-1, NF-κB, TLR-4 and AKT mRNA in colon tissues., Results: After modeling, the DAI, serum TNF-α and IL-6 contents, Notch-1 and MMP-9 protein expression, the relative expression levels of Notch-1, Hes-1, NF-κB, TLR-4 and AKT mRNA in the colonic tissue were significantly increased ( P <0.001, P <0.01) in the model group relevant to the control group. At the same time, Claudin-1 and Muc-2 protein expression were significantly reduced ( P <0.01). After the EA intervention, the increased DAI score, TNF-α and IL-6 contents, Notch-1 and MMP-9 protein expression, the relative expressions of Notch-1, Hes-1, NF-κB, TLR-4 and AKT mRNA, and the decreased Claudin-1 and Muc-2 protein expression were all reversed compared with the model group ( P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.001). H.E. staining of the colonic tissue showed damage and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the model group, and those were significantly improved in the EA group., Conclusion: EA can promote the recovery of intestinal mucosal barrier function and reduce inflammatory reaction in UC mice, which may be associated with its effects in inhibiting the excessive activation of the Notch/NF-κB signaling pathway.

This research focused on the effect and mechanism of berberine on osteogenic differentiation of valve interstitial cells(VICs) induced by osteogenic induction medium, in order to provide new insights into the clinical treatment of calcified aortic valve disease. The expression of osteogenic and fibrotic makers in three cases of calcified valve tissues and one case of normal control was assayed by Western blot. After the porcine aortic VICs were isolated, the effects of different concentrations of berberine on their viability were examined by MTT assay for determining the optimal concentration range. VICs were cultured in osteogenic induction medium and treated with different concentrations of berberine. Western blot and q-PCR were conducted to detect the effects of berberine on the expression of osteogenic and fibrotic makers in VICs. The effects of berberine on osteogenic differentiation of VICs in the early and late stages were separately measured by ALP staining and alizarin red S staining. The effects of berberine on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at different time points were assayed by Western blot. And PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK1/2, was added for verification. The results suggested that related osteogenic and fibrotic makers were significantly up-regulated in calcified valve tissues as compared with those in the normal control. The up-regulated fibrosis and osteogenic makers of VICs under osteogenic conditions were reversed by berberine and the ALP activity and calcium deposition in VICs were also reduced obviously. The level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was decreased. Similarly, the osteogenic and fibrotic makers of VICs induced by osteogenic induction medium were lowered by PD98059. This study has confirmed that berberine is able to inhibit the differentiation of VICs into myofibroblasts or osteoblast-like cells, which may be associated with the inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Objective: To analyze the literature of acupuncture and moxibustion for diseases in the recent 5 years, and discuss the spectrum and indications of acupuncture and moxibustion., Methods: The literature on acupuncture and moxibustion for diseases in CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 was searched, summarized and analyzed, and the disease spectrum was summarized. At the same time, the literature from 2015 to 2019 (group A), 1978 to 2005 (group B), and 1949 to 2005 (group C) was compared, and the indications of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy were summarized., Results: There were 32 011 articles on acupuncture and moxibustion for diseases in the recent 5 years, including 377 kinds of indications. These indications can be mostly classified as neurology (9384), orthopedics and traumatology (7765), gastroenterology (3529) and obstetrics and gynecology (2283). The types of diseases were mostly gastroenterology (52 types), neurology (47 types), ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology (47 types), and obstetrics and gynecology (42 types). The first-class indications of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy in the recent 5 years were hemiplegia, lumbar disc herniation, cervical spondylosis, knee osteoarthritis, insomnia, constipation and cerebrovascular diseases; the second-class were facial neuritis, shoulder pain and headache; the third-class were dysphagia, dysmenorrhea and depression; the forth-class were asthma, urinary retention, cerebral palsy, hypertension, dementia, side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, infertility, allergic rhinitis, vertigo, shoulder-hand syndrome, diabetic neuropathy, herpes zoster, pain, hiccup, diarrhea, lumbar sprain and sciatica., Conclusion: Although the disease spectrum and indications of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy have changed to some extent in the recent 5 years, neurology and orthopedics and traumatology are still predominant, and the observation objects tend to transition from symptoms to diseases.

The origins of 9 species of the Chinese medicinal materials in the 2015 edition of the Chinese pharmacopoeia(ChP) has revised in the 2020 edition of ChP. The revision is based on the investigation and textual research on the problems found after screening the original plants, animals or minerals of all the Chinese medicinal materials in the 2015 edition. Among them the Chinese names of Alismatis Rhizoma, Cassiae Semen, Coicis Semen, Corydalis Bungeanae Herba and Echinopsis Radix all do not match to the Latin scientific names, and also do not match the name of the actual medicinal origins. In addition, Alismatis Rhizoma has the omission of original plant. There is confusion about the Chinese name and the family name of the original insect of Cera Chinensis. The original mineral of Gypsum Fibrosum has the wrong group names. Alumstone and melanterite, the original mineral of Alumen and Melanteritum respectively, of which the group names are missing. To solve these problems, field survey and literature research were conducted on the medicinal materials and their origins. The source of these problems are explored. The correct origins and the Chinese names or Latin names are all determined according to the research results to the situation, in which the Chinese and Latin names of the original plants of the medicinal materials do not match. The correct family name and group name are obtained through textual research by taxonomy if the names are confused or mis-sing. The scientific evidence and correct results of revision in the 2020 edition of ChP are determined at last.

Objective: To investigate the expression level of miR-181b in CD19+ B lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), to analyze the relationship between its expression and the prognosis of CLL patients, and to predict the potential target gene of miR-181b in CLL by using bioinformatics., Methods: Eight-four patients with CLL treated in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from June 2013 to June 2018 were selected. and 20 healthy people were selected as control group. RNA was extracted from CD19+B lymphocytes of peripheral blood by magnetic bead sorting, the expression level of miR-181b was detected, and it's expression differences in different IPI groups were analyzed. The correlation between the expression level of miR-181b and PFS of CLL patients also was analyzed. miR-181b target genes were predicted by online database and literatures, and gene annotation analysis and relevant signal pathway analysis were performed for candidate target genes., Results: The expression level of miR-181b in CLL patients was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.01); The expression level of miR-181b in the low-risk group was higher than that in high-risk group and extremely high-risk group (P＜0.05), but there was no statistical difference between low-risk group and medium-risk group (P=1.00). The expression level of miR-181b in medium-risk group was higher than that in high-risk group and extremely high-risk group (P＜0.05), but there was no difference between high-risk group and extremely high-risk group (P=1.00). ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.792 (P＜0.01).When the expression level of miR-181b was at the threshold value of 0.279, it showed a better sensitivity (62.9%) and specificity (91.8%). Survival analysis results suggested that compared with the high expression group, the miR-181b low expression group had poor PFS (log rank: P=0.047). Prediction of miR-181b by using the starBase, targetscan and picTar database and its combination with literature reports indicated that CARD11, ZFP36L1, RUNX1, NR4A3, ATP1B1, PUM1 and PLAG1 related with blood diseases, and up-regulated CARD11 and ZFP36L1 participated in lymphoid tumor formation by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting cell aging., Conclusion: The expression level of miR-181b in CLL group are significantly lower than that in the controls group, and the low expression of miR-181b relates with poor prognosis of CLL patients. Through bioinformatics prediction and combined with literature reports, it is speculated that CARD11 and ZFP36L1 as target genes of miR-181b may be participated in the occurrence and development of CLL. Further experiments are needed to verify this result.

Objective: To explore the value of CpG-oligonucleotide(CpG-ODN) immunostimulatory method in chromosome culture of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and to compare the differences between related studies at home and abroad, so as to improve the success rate of CLL karyotype culture and the detection rate of abnormal karyo-types., Methods: Bone marrow samples from 82 CLL patients were collected and cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), CpG-oligonucleotide plus interleukin-2 (CpG-ODN DSP30+IL-2) for 72 hours. Chromosomes were prepared and analyzed by conventional cytogenetics (CC). Meanwhile, D13S25, Rb1, ATM, p53 and CSP12 probes were used for interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) test. The differences of chromosome culture and iFISH test results between two cell stimulants were compared., Results: The success rate of karyotype culture in PHA and CpG-ODN DSP30+IL-2 immunostimuli (analyzable mitotic t >20) was 90.2% (74 cases), 68.3% (56 cases) respectively, and the detection rate of abnormal karyotype was 13.5% (10 cases) and 46.4% (26 cases), respectively. The success rate of karyotype culture in PHA group was significantly higher than that in CpG-ODN DSP30+IL-2 group (P=0.01). The detection rate of abnormal karyotypes in CpG-ODN DSP30+IL-2 group was significantly higher than that in PHA group, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.003). The detection rate of abnormal karyotypes in iFISH group was 74.4% (61 cases), which was significantly higher than that in CpG-ODN DSP30+IL-2 group (P=0.000). iFISH detection could verify the abnormalities detected by CC analysis., Conclusion: Application of CpG-ODN DSP30+IL-2 immunostimulation method in culture of CLL cells can enhance the detection rate of abnormal karyotypes, especially the detection of various translocations suggesting poor prognosis.

To establish the spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprint and free radicals activity scavenging in Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction( GSZD),and provide a basis for the quality evaluation and modernization of classical prescriptions. Shimadsu GL-science C18 column( 4. 6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used with acetonitrile-0. 1% formic acid solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The detective wave length was 254 nm; the column temperature was set at 32 ℃; the injection volume was 20 μL; and the flow rate was 1. 0 m L·min-1.10 batches of primary standard samples of GSZD were detected,and their HPLC fingerprint was established by using the similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine( TCM). The activity of scavenging free radicals was studied by 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine( DPPH) method,and the spectrum-effect relationship was studied by Pearson bivariate correlation analysis. The common mode of GSZD fingerprints was established,and 26 common peaks were marked,with similarities ranging from 0. 929 to 0. 998. Eight of the chromatographic peaks were identified by using the control comparison method: gallic acid,mangiferin,paeoniflorin,glycyrrhizin,asparagus,5-O-methylvisamicin,cinnamic acid,and ammonium glycyrrhetate. Among them,the content changes of No. 14( paeoniside),20,12( mangiferin),13 and 23( cinnamic acid) common peaks were negatively correlated with free radical scavenging activity. The fingerprint showed high precision,repeatability and stability,and the common peaks were well separated,so it can be used for the quality evaluation of GSZD,and could provide reference for further studies on the material basis of GSZD.

To investigate the effects of essential oil from three kinds of pungent herbs,namely Menthae Haplocalycis Herba,Atractylodis Rhizoma and Cnidii Fructus,on the transdermal absorption in vitro of alkaloids from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix. The modified vertical Franz diffusion cell was used to conduct a transdermal experiment in vitro with the isolated abdominal skin of the SD rats as the transdermal absorption barrier. The effects of such three kinds of pungent essential oil on percutaneous absorption of alkaloids from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix were investigated by determining the content of 6 alkaloids( oxymatrine,oxysophocarpine,N-methylcytisine,sophoridine,matrine,and sophocarpidine) in the transdermal acceptor with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadruple mass spectrometry( UPLC-TQ-MS) technique simultaneously. With enhancement ratio( ER) as the index,their effects on promoting penetration was as follows: 1% Atractylodis Rhizoma oil > 1% Cnidii Fructus oil > 3% Azone ≈ 3% Atractylodis Rhizoma oil > 5%Atractylodis Rhizoma oil > 3% Cnidii Fructus oil ≈ 5% Cnidii Fructus oil > 3% Menthae Haplocalycis Herba oil > 5% Menthae Haplocalycis Herba oil > 1% Menthae Haplocalycis Herba oil > Blank. The results showed that these three kinds of pungent essential oil could be used as enhancers for alkaloids of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix,providing scientific guidance for improving percutaneous absorption of alkaloids from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix.

The original plant species of Fructus Aurantii are multitudinous and complex, and their requirements to the growing environment is strict. In order to clarify the original plant species and geographical distribution of Fructus Aurantii which recorded in the standards and circulated, used in commodity. The national and local standards of Chinese medicinal materials were collected and the original plants of Fructus Aurantii recoded in standards were found. Ten original plant species of Fructus Aurantii (including varieties of cultivars, the same below) were recorded in the Chinese pharmacopoeia and six local standards of Zhejiang, Yunnan and Guizhou etc. The producing areas and commodity in markets of Fructus Aurantii were investigated. The growth environment and geographical distribution of them were analyzed. There are six types of Fructus Aurantii i.e., Fructus Aurantii Chuan, Fructus Aurantii Xiang, Fructus Aurantii Jiang, Fructus Aurantii Qu, Fructus Aurantii Su, Fructus Aurantii Wen, and nineteen species of original plants in the practical commodities. There are four major Fructus Aurantii producing areas: Sichuan Basin, Dongting Lake Plain, Poyang Lake Plain, Jinqu Basin and its surrounding hilly areas. All of them are located in the area of the east longitude 104° to 121° and the northern latitudes 27° to 31°. There is a certain difference between the actual commodity and the standards of medicinal materials. It is suggested that the traditional mainstream types of Fructus Aurantii with fine quality should be accepted into Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the types with poor quality should be withdrawn from Chinese Pharmacopoeia., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

This study established a rapid UPLC-TQ-MS/MS method for determination of eight active ingredients in Lilium lancifolium. The contents range of regaloside E, F, C and B are as follows: 0.604 0×10⁻¹-18.62×10⁻¹, 0.680 0×10⁻²-44.75×10⁻², 0.700 0×10⁻³-29.65×10⁻¹, 0.170 0×10⁻¹-4.724 mg•g⁻¹; the contents of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechualdehyde and ferulic acid, within the range of 6.827×10⁻³-16.07×10⁻³, 0.011 1×10⁻³-79.71×10⁻³, 0.593 7×10⁻³-2.962×10⁻³, 2.606×10⁻²-45.89×10⁻² mg•g⁻¹, respectively. According to PCA (principal components analysis) plotting, 35 batches can be divided into two categories, namely Anhui Huoshan and Hunan Longshan. The main different elements between these two categories are caffeic acid and ferulic acid according to the VIP (variable importance in the projection) points figure. Based on comprehensive principal component values, there are eight batches of L. lancifolium from Huoshan among the comprehensive ranking of ten. The UPLC-TQ-MS method for simultaneous analysis of eight active ingredients is accurate, efficient and convenient. This result can provide scientific basis for quality control of L. lancifolium., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

This study intends to explore the potential resource-orientedutilization value of the flower of Sophora flavescents by analyzing alkaloids and flavonoids in the flower of S. flavescens from Shanxi province. This study established a rapid UPLC-TQ-MS/MS method that is used for determination of seven alkaloids and seven flavonoids in the flower of S.flavescens. The different florescences all have the seven detected alkaloids such as cytisine, oxy-matrine, oxy-sophocarpine, sophoridine, N-methylcytisine, matrine, sophocarpine.The total contents of detected alkaloids are as follows: flower buds 1.47%, primal flowers 1.34%, full bloomed flowers 1.17%, faded flowers 1.01%. The top three contents of alkaloids are N-methylcytisine , oxy-sophocarpine and oxymatrine, accounting for about 83% of the total amount of detected alkaloids. All the samples in different florescences have the seven detected flavonoids such as rutin, luteolin, quercetin, isoquercitrin, trifolirhizin, kurarinone, and kushenol I. The total contents of detected alkaloids are as follows: flower buds 495.2 μg•g⁻¹, primal flowers 313.7 μg•g⁻¹, faded flowers 224.2 μg•g⁻¹, full bloomed flowers 193.0 μg•g⁻¹. The content of luteolinis relatively higher than other detected flavonoids, accounting for about 89%-94% of the total amount of detected flavonoids. The results indicated that the flower of S.flavescens could be an important material resource to obtain the resourceful alkaloids. This result can provide scientific basis for resource-oriented utilization and industrial development of the flower of S. flavescens., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective To analyze the correlation between obesity/overweight and constitutions of Chinese medicine (CM)/cardiovascular risk factors in elderly residents of Tianhe District Wushan Com- munity, Guangzhou City. Methods Recruited were 1 054 elderly residents (over 60 years), who had free health examinations in Tianhe District Wushan Community of Guangzhou City from October 2014 to September 2015. They were assigned to the obesity group (107 cases) , the overweight group (431 ca- ses) , and the normal weight group (516 cases) according to body mass index (BMI) by randomized sampling. Constitution types of CM were assessed using Classification and Judgment of Constitution Types of CM. Health files were filled in. General indices such as waist circumference, blood pressure, etc., and blood biochemical indicators such as fasting blood glucose, blood lipids, uric acid, blood creati- nine, etc. were detected. The correlation between constitution types of CM and obesity/overweight was analyzed using multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 1 054 elderly residents, 75. 62% (797/1 054) of those were of biased constitution and 24. 38% (257/1 054) were of normal consti- tution. Phlegm dampness (247 cases, 23. 43%), yin deficiency (150 cases, 14. 23%), and qi deficiency (136 cases, 12. 90%) constitution were top 3 commonly seen biased constitution types. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of obese/overweight patients of phlegm dampness constitution was 61. 641 times (Cl: 24. 491 -155. 144) and 9. 393 times (Cl: 5. 910 -14. 929) that of subjects of nor- mal constitution respectively (P <0. 01) ; the risk of obese/overweight patients of dampness heat consti- tution was 21. 478 times (Cl: 6. 978 -66. 102) and 4. 505 times ( Cl: 2. 308 -8. 793) that of subjects of normal constitution respectively (P <0. 01) ; the risk of obese/overweight patients of qi deficiency consti- tution was 3.408 times ( Cl:1. 161 -10. 004) and 1. 655 times (Cl: 1. 062 -2. 580) that of subjects of nor- mal constitution respectively (P <0. 05). Compared with normal body weight senile, the incidences of ab- dominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes were obviously higher in obese/overweight senile (P <0. 01 , P < 0. 05). Their values of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and uric acid were ob- viously higher than those in normal body weight senile (P <0. 01). Conclusions Community obese/over- weighed elderly residents have the tendency of phlegm dampness, dampness heat, and qi deficiency constitutions. Compared with the normal body weight senile, they have higher risk of cardiovascular risk factors, and increased risks of suffering from hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

The aquatic landscape plants lotus and water lily were selected to repair the heavy metal in black odorous river sediments. With ICP-AES inductively coupled full spectrum of direct reading plasma emission spectrometry, the total and forms of content of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb in sediment and plants, the distribution of heavy metals in plants to were determined .The results showed that the average removal rate of the lotus in terms of the removal of heavy metals in the sediments was 20.42% while that of water lily was 18.23%; after lotus and water lilies were planted, the forms of content of heavy metals in sediments were decreased, the phytoremediation of main forms of Cr, Pb, Ni in sediments were theresidual state; the main forms of Cd, Cu were extractable. The distribution of Cu, Ni among the water lilies was stem

Traditional squash method was used to analyze chromosome number and karyotypes of four Scutellaria species in Chongqing Jinyun Mountain Natural Reserve： Scutellaria tsinyunensis, S.yunnanensis, S.franchetiana and S.indica.The result showed that the chromosome numbers were 26 except for S.franchetiana, which had 24 chromosomes.These species were all diploid with metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes.Their karyotypes were symmetrical and primitive.The karyotype formula of S.tsinyunensis is 2n=2x=26=24m+2sm, 1B type, As.k=55.28%; the karyotype formula of S.yunnanensis var.salicifolia is 2n=2x=26=26m, 1B type, As.k=56.11%; the karyotype formula of S.franchetiana is 2n=2x=24=20m+4sm, 2B type, As.k=58.50%; the karyotype formula of S.indica is 2n=2x=24=20m+4sm, 2B type, As.k=58.41%.The results were compared with the reported data of S.baicalensis and S.alaschanica.S.alaschanica is expected to be the most advanced one whereas S.tsinyunensis, and S.yunnanensis var. salicifolia primitive.These results are expected to provide some references to the origin and differentiation of genus Scutellaria., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To investigate the impact of interferon γ (IFN-γ) on cathepsin S (CTSS) expressed by P815 mouse mast cells and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs)., Methods: IFN-γ of 10, 25 and 50 ng/mL were respectively used to stimulate P815 cells and mouse BMMCs. Real-time PCR and ELISA were applied to detect mRNA and protein levels of CTSS in P815 cells and BMMCs. 25 ng/mL IFN-γ was used to treat P815 cells for 6, 12, 18, 24, 48 and 72 hours and mouse BMMCs for 12, 24 and 48 hours; the above mentioned detection steps were then repeated., Results: IFN-γ induced P815 cells and BMMCs to express CTSS on the mRNA and protein levels in the time- and dose-dependent manners., Conclusion: IFN-γ could stimulate mast cells to release CTSS.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high dose dexamethasone combined with recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) in adults with severe newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)., Methods: Forty-eight adult patients with severe ITP were randomized into two groups, experimental group and control group. The patients in experimental group were given high-dose dexamethasone combined with rhTPO treatment, the patients in control group were given single high-dose dexamethasone treatment. Platelet count, platelet increase, as well as the overall response rate were strictly observed in the process. At the same time, the patient's drug tolerance and any adverse drug reactions were observed., Results: The platelet counts and platelet increase of the patients in experimental group were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05) at day 3, 7, 14, 30. There was no significant difference in overall response rates between the two groups (34.8% vs 36.0%, 56.5% vs 48.0%, P>0.05) at day 3, 7. The overall response rates of experimental group at day 14, 30 were significantly higher than that of control group (91.3% vs 68.0%, 82.6% vs 52.0%, P<0.05). The muscle aches occurred in one patient in experimental group which was self-recovery without special treatment., Conclusion: rhTPO combined with high-dose dexamethasone could rapidly increase the platelet count, reduce the risk of bleeding, and prolonge the effect with a low incidence of tolerable adverse events compared to single high-dose dexamethasone. rhTPO combined with high-dose dexamethasone could be a new therapeutic choice for severe primary ITP.

Although the importance of clinical data is drawing more attention in drug development in China, the clinical data management is not good enough in the clinical trials right now. With the development of internet and progress of information technology, especially with the setup of the state innovation strategy for drug development, it is necessary and urgent to improve the clinical data quality. Good data quality is the primary basis of technical evaluation of drug at the marketing authorization. So Center for Drug Evaluation of CFDA has made some endeavors to enhance data management in the clinical trials in recent years. This article is focused on these aspects of data managment.

Data quality management system is essential to ensure accurate, complete, consistent, and reliable data collection in clinical research. This paper is devoted to various choices of data quality metrics. They are categorized by study status, e.g. study start up, conduct, and close-out. In each category, metrics for different purposes are listed according to ALCOA+ principles such us completeness, accuracy, timeliness, traceability, etc. Some general quality metrics frequently used are also introduced. This paper contains detail information as much as possible to each metric by providing definition, purpose, evaluation, referenced benchmark, and recommended targets in favor of real practice. It is important that sponsors and data management service providers establish a robust integrated clinical trial data quality management system to ensure sustainable high quality of clinical trial deliverables. It will also support enterprise level of data evaluation and bench marking the quality of data across projects, sponsors, data management service providers by using objective metrics from the real clinical trials. We hope this will be a significant input to accelerate the improvement of clinical trial data quality in the industry.

Objective: To understand the time and area specific prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis, sexual behaviors and awareness of HIV/AIDS related knowledge among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the mainland of China during 2010-2013., Methods: All the published academic papers on the prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis among MSM in the mainland of China from 2010 to 2013 were collected from CNKI, Wanfang and PubMed databases. Meta-analysis was performed by using software Stata 12.0., Results: Sixty six papers were selected. From 2010 to 2013 the pooled prevalence of HIV infection were 7.7% among the MSM (95% CI: 7.2%-8.3% ) and increased year by year, but the pooled prevalence of HIV infection was highest in southwestern China (12.0%). The pooled prevalence of syphilis were 10.9% among the MSM (95% CI: 9.8%-12.1%), and the pooled prevalence of syphilis was highest in southern China (14.4%). The incidence of anal sex was high (84.2%) in the past 6 months, but the consistent condom use rate was low (44.8%). The AIDS related knowledge awareness was high in the MSM (88.4%)., Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis were high among the MSM in the mainland of China during 2010-2013. It is necessary to explore the comprehensive intervention measures to promote condom use among MSM although they have high awareness of AIDS related knowledge.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) > 9%., Methods: This was an open-labelled, randomized, parallel-group, treat-to-target trial. Newly diagnosed T2DM patients with HbA1c > 9% were enrolled. These patients were treated with metformin with repaglinide and randomized to receive once-daily liraglutide (LIRA, n=25) or the insulin glargine (IGla, n=24) at bedtime. Efficacy and safety were assessed and compared after 18-month treatment., Results: (1) Compared with the baseline, patients with LIRA had significantly reduced mean body weight,BMI and waist circumference (P < 0.01), whereas, the above indexes were increased (P < 0.01) in patients treated with IGla. (2) After 18 months of treatment, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose after a 75g oral glucose load (2hPG) and HbA1c were significantly improved in all patients (P < 0.01), with 2hPG, mean blood glucose (MBG), the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) were significantly lower in LIRA group than in IGla group (all P < 0.05). (3) HOMA-IR decreased in both groups (P < 0.05). However, ΔI30/ΔG30, AUCCP180 and Matsuda index were only significantly increased in patients treated with LIRA (respectively, 4.88 ± 1.55 vs 7.60±1.91, 9.23 ± 2.66 vs 13.18 ± 2.72, 39.28 ± 20.35 vs 54.64 ± 23.34, all P < 0.01), while HOMA-IR reduced (4.41 ± 1.58 vs 3.52 ± 1.44, P < 0.05). But in IGla group only HOMA-IR was reduced (4.92 ± 1.84 vs 4.57 ± 1.80, P < 0.05). The index of ΔI30/ΔG30, AUCCP180 and Matsuda index in LIRA group are higher than those of indexes in IGla group(respectively, 7.60 ± 1.91 vs 4.18 ± 1.00, 13.18 ± 2.72 vs 10.53 ± 2.68,54.64 ± 23.34 vs 41.65 ± 17.84, all P < 0.05), while HOMA-IR is lower (3.52 ± 1.44 vs 4.57 ± 1.80, P< 0.05). (4) The rate of HbA1c ≤ 6.5% and the dosages of oral anti-diabetic drugs in LIRA group were significantly better than that in IGla group. (5) No significant differences were observed in hypoglycemic episodes and adverse events between two groups., Conclusion: It seems that liraglutide is superior to insulin glargine in newly diagnosed T2DM patients with HbA1c > 9% in improving beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) of a major intracranial artery, including middle cerebral artery (MCA),basilar artery, is the most common causes of stroke and is associated with a high risk of recurrent stroke in China. The difficulty to treatment these high-risk disease is to identify high-risk stroke subgroups and to develop more effective treatments (aggressive medical therapy/endovascular therapy). With the benefits, including non-invasive, in vivo, and no-ionizing radiation, 3.0 Tesla high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR MRI) could be used to stratify high-risk patients, monitor progression of disease, and evaluate clinical efficacy, based on MCA wall structure and plaque characteristic. HR MRI has the latency of predicting high-risk patients benefit from endovascular therapy, having a broad application prospect during psot-SAMMPRIS era. The current research on MCA stenosis using HR MRI focuses on methodoiogy, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, etiology, and lacks of clinical efficiency evaluation and prognostic analysis of ICAD treatment, especially lacks the research on in-stent restenosis, which needs further investigation.