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Under the harsh environmental conditions characterized by intense ultraviolet radiation and elevated ozone (O3) background, the temporal dynamics of atmospheric O3 concentrations and their associated environmental ramifications in the densely populated and emission-concentrated urban regions of the Tibetan Plateau have garnered considerable scientific interest. This comprehensive study meticulously compiles O3 concentration data spanning 2015 to 2023 from 7 cities of Xizang, conducting rigorous trend analyses and employing a robust suite of 13 risk assessment indicators to gauge the implications for human health and ecological vegetation. It shows that O3 concentrations of these cities demonstrate significant geographical variations, with the central city of Lhasa recording the highest O3 mass concentration, while those in the southern cities of Shannan and Rikaze are relatively lower. O3 concentrations of Nagqu, located in the north, are comparable to those of Lhasa and are significantly higher than those of Ali in the west, as well as those of Linzhi and Changdu in the east Plateau. O3 concentrations of Changdu and Linzhi peak in June and March-April, respectively, while the other cities reach their peaks in May. Since 2015, interannual variations in O3 concentrations of Ali, Nagqu, Lhasa, and Linzhi do not show statistically significant trends. In contrast, Shannan, Rikaze, and Changdu experience significant increases in concentration. Specifically, AMDA8_max and AMDA8_4th in Rikaze and Changdu increase significantly, whereas the other cities show decreasing trends. Similarly, both NDGT90 and NDGT70 exhibit comparable trends. SOMO35 indicator, which indicates human health risks, and AOT40 and W126 indicators, which are closely related to ecological vegetation and crop growth, show a high degree of consistency in their trends relative to diurnal O3 concentration changes. In Lhasa, values of these indicators exceed safety thresholds, particularly during spring and summer, highlighting the combined effect of high background O3 concentrations in the Plateau and intensified O3 photochemical formation due to anthropogenic emissions, posing potential threats to human health and ecosystems. Although the current O3-related risk indicators of Rikaze and Changdu have not yet reached critical levels, their significant upward trends should not be overlooked. With the continuous rise in anthropogenic pollutant emissions in the region, adverse effects of O3 photochemical formation are anticipated to intensify. Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance monitoring and assessment in these cities and to implement effective measures to mitigate or control O3 pollution, thereby safeguarding regional environmental security and promoting sustainable development.

Ferulic acid (FA), the most abundant phenolic acid in cereals, widely exists in both free and bound forms in grains, legumes and other plant-based foods. FA has various functional activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, thus exhibiting high application values in the fields of food and medicine. To date, although a large number of in vivo and in vitro experiments have shown the importance of cereal FA in maintaining intestinal health, it is still unclear how FA is metabolized by the gut microbiota. In order to offer new insights into the molecular mechanism of the regulatory effect of FA the gut microbiota and offer a theoretical reference for better development and utilization of cereal FA and its metabolites, this paper provides a systematic review of the recent literature concerning intestinal microbial metabolism of cereal FA from three aspects of the existing forms, intestinal release and metabolism, and physiological health effects.

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Maillard reaction during the production of brown sugar is critical to the color, flavor and functional characteristics of brown sugar, but it also produces substances potentially harmful to human health such as glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and acrylamide. This paper introduces the Maillard reaction at the key stages of the brown sugar production process, its influential factors, its possible harmful products and their effects on human health, and it puts forward some suggestions for controlling the production of harmful products from Maillard reaction during brown sugar production in order to provide a theoretical reference for improving the safety of brown sugar for consumption.

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: This study investigated the effectiveness of photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) and air filtration technology for removing indoor air pollutants and improving the health of patients with asthma. Methods: A double-blind crossover study was conducted. In total, 58 patients with asthma residing in a heavily industrialized area were recruited. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: a PCO group and a PCO+filter group. The PCO+filter group underwent an intervention that consisted of a 2-week period using a PCO and a filter, a 2-week washout period, and a 2-week period using only a PCO. The PCO group followed the same sequence, with interventions reversed. During the intervention period, measurements were taken to assess the removal of indoor particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, TSP, and UFPs), gaseous pollutants (CO, SO2, NO2, CO2, and TVOC), and their effect on health outcomes, including lung function, blood pressure, FeNO levels, ACT score, and symptoms. Results: Significant reductions in indoor gaseous pollutants, such as SO2 and TVOC, were observed in the PCO group. Significant reductions in PM, CO, NO2, and TVOC were observed in the PCO+filter group. Improvements in lung function were observed after only 7 days, and significant reductions in blood pressure were observed after 13 days. Both groups reported improvements in symptoms. Conclusions: Individuals living in highly polluted industrial areas can mitigate the adverse health effects of air pollution by adopting air purifier technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

6-Gingerol is the major pungent component in ginger. It possesses a variety of health benefits including antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and hypotensive activities as well as colitis prevention and treatment. However, the health effects of oral 6-gingerol are limited due to the low water solubility, poor gastrointestinal stability, rapid metabolism in the body, release at non-target sites, and pungent and bitter taste. In this article, the health effects of 6-gingerol including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activity, and preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as gastrointestinal diseases are reviewed together with the underlying mechanisms. Based on a review of recent progress in the research on the gastrointestinal absorption of 6-gingerol, its distribution, metabolism and excretion in the systematic circulation and its metabolic processes in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, the current status of the design and development of oral delivery systems for 6-gingerol. The mechanism for the enhancing effect of delivery systems on the health benefits of 6-gingerol and the design principle of the strategies to enhance the health benefits of 6-gingerol are elucidated. Hopefully, this review will not only provide a theoretical guidance for the design of oral delivery systems for 6-gingerol and the research on the mechanism for the enhancing effect of oral delivery systems on the health benefits of 6-gingerol, but also provide scientific evidence for the design of 6-gingerol-based functional foods.

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tea Science is the property of Journal of Tea Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the twentieth century, the health hazards caused by chemical pollutants have become increasingly prominent. Tens of thousands of high throughput chemicals have entered into the environment along with the massive production and use, raising emerging scientific issues for research in environmental science related fields. In this article, background and scientific significance of establishing the research direction on identification of novel organic pollutants are introduced. Basic principles of discriminating molecular structures and environmental behaviors of pollutant candidates with regard to the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants are discussed. Technical strategy and advantages of the established analytical frameworks, including quantitative structureproperty relationship model prediction, suspect/non-targeted analysis, and biological effect-directed analysis, are further described. In-depth exploration on occurrence, behavior and effects of novel organic pollutants will play a crucial supportive role in leading the direction of discipline development, improving chemical risk assessment criterions, and revealing the toxicity and hazard mechanisms of environmental pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge) has abundant resources in China and has been known as a medicinal food product. Modern research showed that fruits of hawthorn are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and a variety of phytochemicals which appear to be primarily responsible for the wide health benefits, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, anti -inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Recent advances in dietary fiber of hawthorn was reviewed, included its health effects, content analysis and the methods of extraction, in order to provide reference for further research, development and utilization of dietary fiber of Hawthorn fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambient air pollution is a dominant determinant of health. The health effects and economic losses due to air pollution are very important for decision-making. Since the implementation of the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan" and "blue sky defense war" policies, the air quality of Tianjin has changed significantly. Here, the health effects and economic losses attributable to ambient air pollution in Tianjin from 2013 to 2020 wereestimated. For the particulate matter which has complex components, we assessed the inhalation health risks of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM 2.5 . The variation in the concentration of the main components of PM 2.5 was also analyzed. The results showed that improved air quality had positive health benefits. The health benefits from SO 2 were the highest among the six air pollutants, and 3786 deaths were avoided in 2020 compared to in 2013 due to lower SO 2 concentration. The economic losses caused by air pollutants ranged from several billion to ten billion yuan. Among the six air pollutants, particulate matter and ozone had higher health losses in recent years. The health risks of heavy metals and PAHs in PM 2.5 showed a decreasing trend. However, Cr(Ⅵ), As, Cd, and Ni in PM 2.5 in the winter of 2020 still had respiratorysystem carcinogenic risk, whereas there was no health risk of PAHs in PM 2.5 in 2019-2020. The concentrations of main components of PM 2.5 have decreased significantly. In the future, the reduction of health loss caused by air pollution depends on synergy governance of particulate matter and ozone and further research on health effects.

A large amount of fluffy caktins appears in spring in Xi'an that may cause air pollution and lead to health risks such as asthma. In this study, bioaerosol, PM 2.5 , and fluffy catkins were collected from different sample points (traffic site and campus site) in Xi'an in spring. The variations in bioaerosol, fluffy catkins, and the bacterial community structure were investigated using culture-dependent and high-throughput sequencing methods. The results showed that the concentration of culturable bacteria was significantly higher ( P =0.027) at the traffic site. The concentration of culturable bacteria at the traffic site was 2.7 times that of fungi, whereas the concentration of culturable fungi at the campus site was 1.4 times higher than that of bacteria. The peak concentrations of culturable bacteria and fungi appeared at 08:00 a.m. The size distribution of culturable bacteria showed a bimodal pattern, whereas that of culturable fungi showed a unimodal distribution. Soil and vegetation were the main sources of atmospheric microorganisms (85.9%), and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in both fluffy catkins and PM 2.5 , accounting for 91.3% (traffic site) and 99.1% (campus site) of the fluffy catkins. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus were the dominant phyla in PM 2.5 . Some genera were opportunistic pathogen bacteria in the fluffy catkins, such as Enterobacter and Pseudomonas , which can lead to infection and diarrhea risks. These results could provide fundamental data on potential health risks of spring-borne bioaerosols.

The assessment of residents' health and economic benefits of PM 2.5 pollution control is of great significance for the promotion of regional environmental air pollution monitoring, warning, and prevention. This paper utilized Poisson regression relative risk models and environmental value assessment methods to assess the health risks and economic benefits of PM 2.5 pollution control in the 16 municipal districts of Beijing from 2016 to 2019 after reaching the secondary standard limit of 35 μg·m -3 . The results showed that PM 2.5 concentrations, various health effects, economic benefits, and per capita economic health benefits in all 16 districts showed a downward trend. Specifically, PM 2.5 concentrations dropped from 73 μg·m -3 in 2016 to 42 μg·m -3 in 2019 at an average annual rate of 16.75%. The total number of healthy beneficiaries from PM 2.5 pollution control dropped from 439985 cases in 2016 (95% confidence interval (CI):183987, 653476) to 77288 cases in 2019 (95% confidence interval (CI):30483, 120905) at an average annual rate of approximately 42.67%. The share of health economic benefits in GDP dropped from 3.16% (95% confidence interval (CI):1.10%, 4.73%) to 0.55% (95% confidence interval (CI):0.18%, 0.88%), and the per capita health economic benefit dropped from 3727.61 yuan (95% confidence interval (CI):1303.24, 5592.18) to 906.58 yuan (95% confidence interval (CI):295.14, 1438.27). Due to differences in PM 2.5 concentrations, population number and density, and economic values of unit health endpoints, the results of the health economic benefit analysis, proportion of GDP, and per capita benefits varied between the 16 districts. Among these, Fengtai, Tongzhou, and Daxing show much higher values than others, indicating relatively high health and economic benefits from pollution control.

Based on the annual average concentration values, the health effects and health benefits as well as 95% confidence intervals of PM 10 and PM 2.5 pollution control from 2014 to 2016 in Zhengzhou were evaluated by applying the Poisson regression relative risk model. Results showed that the health benefits of PM 10 pollution control were 18.18 billion RMB (15.04, 21.12), 24.25 billion RMB (20.25, 27.94), and 20.62 billion RMB (17.33, 23.92), which accounted for 2.7%, 3.3%, and 2.5% of the GDP of Zhengzhou, respectively, in 2014-2016. The health benefits of PM 2.5 pollution control were 17.88 billion RMB (14.37, 21.16), 21.65 billion RMB (17.46, 25.53), and 17.25 billion RMB (13.78, 20.55), which accounted for 2.6%, 3.0%, and 2.1% of the GDP of Zhengzhou, respectively, in 2014-2016. After the PM 10 and PM 2.5 pollution was controlled, the number of urban beneficiaries was higher than that of rural areas, and acute bronchitis beneficiaries were higher than the beneficiaries of other health end-points. For chronic bronchitis, adults benefited more than children, while the opposite occurred for asthma. In this study, chronic bronchitis had the highest health benefit, followed by asthma, and outpatient and inpatient setting had the lower health benefits.

Objective: To investigate the occupational health survey of 1-brominepropane (1-BP) enterprises and understand the impact of 1-BP on the health of occupational exposure population. Methods: The occupational health data of 15 1-BP workers were collected from 3 time nodes in 0 months, June and December, and the effects of occupational exposure to 1-BP on health were analyzed. Results: In the workplace with pure 1-BP, the mean air concentration in the workplace was 26.8 mg/m(3), and the personal contact level was 29.7 to 63.4 mg/m(3). The occupational health monitoring data showed that white blood cell count (WBC) , red blood cell count (RBC) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were compared in 0 months, June, and 12 months, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05) . Conclusion: During the 12 months observation period, the occupational exposure to 1-BP caused the number of peripheral blood erythrocyte and leukocyte count and the level of alanine transaminase in the workers, but it did not exceed the normal reference range.

PM 2.5 samples were collected in Xi'an, China during haze(2015-11-30-2015-12-9) and clean days(2016-01-13-2016-01-22). PM 2.5 mass, organic carbon(OC), elemental carbon(EC), and water-soluble ions(i.e., NH 4 + , NO 3 - , and SO 4 2- ) were measured to investigate the characteristics of the two typical pollution processes. The result showed that PM 2.5 masses were(170±47.5) μg·m -3 and(48.6±17.9) μg·m -3 for the haze and clean days, respectively, with the haze accompanied by low visibility, high humidity, calm wind, and other adverse weather conditions. The secondary inorganic aerosol(SIA) including NH 4 + , NO 3 - , and SO 4 2- accounted for 49.8%±13.1% and 19.4%±5.95% of the PM 2.5 mass for the haze and clean days, respectively. sulfur and nitrogen oxidation ratios(SOR and NOR) on haze days were 0.282±0.157 and 0.269±0.124, respectively, which were much higher than those measured on the clean days(0.189±0.057 and 0.077±0.046). The average concentration of secondary organic carbon(SOC) for the haze days(6.22±3.87) μg·m -3 was 5 times of that measured in the clean days(1.44±1.63) μg·m -3 . Secondary pollution and adverse weather conditions were the main reasons for the heavy haze. Finally, the level of particulate-Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS)was measured by the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate(2',7'-DCFH) fluorescence method, and the average ROS concentration (as H 2 O 2 ) was(4.99±1.54) nmol·m -3 during haze days and(0.492±0.356) nmol·m -3 during clean days. Accumulation effect and secondary oxidation process may be the main reasons for the increase of ROS concentration under the heavy haze conditions in Xi'an. Positive correlations( P <0.05) between the concentrations of ROS and the ions of NO 3 - and SO 4 2- indicated that ROS may participate in secondary oxidation process of SIA.

Climate change is the greatest threat to public health in the 21st century. The increasing health impact of heat waves, the increasing magnitudes and spatial expansions of vector and water-borne diseases epidemics, and the increasing medical burdens of biological allergic illnesses, worsening local air pollution, and other related issues are expected to continue to increase in severity in the near future. All of these issues are global problems that must be faced. Adaptation strategies and action plans related to climate change are needed and emerging. Moreover, integrating the basic concepts, scientific evidences, and new technology into public and professional education systems is already recognized as a priority in the national adaptation program. Nurses stand on the frontlines of medical care and health communication. The integration of climate change and adaptation to climate change into nursing education and training is become increasingly important. This article reviews both the expected health impacts of climate change and the mitigation and adaptation strategies that have been proposed / adopted by medical care facilities around the world. Further, we outline the current, priority needs for action in medical care facilities in Taiwan in order to mitigate and adapt to climate-change-related healthcare issues. Additionally, we present an integrated strategic plan for educating healthcare professionals, including nurse, in the future. We hope that the ideas that are presented in this paper encourage multidisciplinary cooperation and help bridge the gap between technology development and practical application in Taiwan's medical care system.