Search

The purpose of this article was to introduce the goodness of fit test and its SAS implementation. The main contents included the following four aspects： ① Pearson΄s goodness of fit test； ② deviance or likelihood ratio goodness of fit test； ③ Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test； ④ goodness of fit test for the sparse data. In the aforementioned “fourth aspect”， there were six specific test approaches， namely “information matrix test” “information matrix diagonal test” “Osius-Rojek test” “unweighted residual sum of squares test” “Spiegelhalter test” and “Stukel test”. The paper implemented the four types of the goodness of fit tests mentioned above with the help of the SAS software through an example， explained the output results， and made statistical and professional conclusions.

Objective To analyze the training content needs and preferences of administrative personnel in a tertiary public hospital under the backdrop of high-quality hospital development, aiming to enhance their overall performance and effectiveness in supporting hospital growth. Methods This study utilized a questionnaire survey and employed chi-square goodness-of-fit test for statistical analysis. Results A total of 70 questionnaires were collected. 84.29% of the respondents believed that the relevance of training content, 74.29% thought time conflicts, and 70.00% considered leadership attention, training participation awareness, and the competence of training instructors as the main factors affecting training quality. 65.71% of the respondents identified holistic thinking ability, 62.86% noted innovation capability, and 44.29% pointed out decision-making skills as the most needed training content. Conclusion The main factors affecting the quality of management ability training for hospital administrative staff are the relevance of training content and employees' willingness to participate in training. The ability that needs the most training is communication skills, while the greatest demand is for knowledge about the hospital's development history and culture. The optimal format is monthly offline lectures lasting 1-2 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Dalian University of Technology / Dalian Ligong Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Dalian University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cognitive radio technology has achieved the dynamic allocation of spectrum resources,and improves the utilization rate of spectrum resources.Accurate and efficient spectrum sensing is the key step in cognitive radio.Developing a fast and high-performance spectrum sensing method has become an urgent problem to be solved.In recent years,goodness of fit（GOF）theory has been applied widely in the field of spectrum sensing and the effective spectrum sensing technology under small sample point has been implemented.Therefore,the research on spectrum sensing technology based on GOF has very significant value.The development process of GOF in areas of cognitive radio spectrum sensing was summarized,its basic principle common fitting criterion and fitting object were introduced.The simulation comparison of the algorithm was carried under the Gaussian channel and its prospects of further research was forecasted finally.

Copyright of Remote Sensing for Natural Resources is the property of Remote Sensing for Natural Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Atomic Energy Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Board of Atomic Energy Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University is the property of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To analyze the risk factors for dismal prognosis in patients with cryptococcal meningitis and construct a prediction scoring system Nomogram model. Methods A total of 100 patients with cryptococcal meningitis who treated with anticryptococcal therapy admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2010 to August 2022 were selected. The patients were divided into favorable prognosis group (n = 19) and dismal prognosis group (n = 81) according to the results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cryptococcal culture during hospitalization and clinical symptoms and signs at the time of discharge. Risk factors were screened by using univariate and multivariate stepwise Logistic regression analyses. A Nomogram model was constructed based on the risk factors, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curves of the model were plotted, and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was performed. Results The proportion of patients in the dismal prognosis group with Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) score (Z =-3.898, P = 0.000), CSF pressure > 250 mm H2O (χ² = 9.512, P = 0.002) and duration of antifungal treatment < 14 d (χ² = 17.847, P = 0.000) on admission were higher than those in the favorable prognosis group, and the blood routine red blood cell count (t =-2.802, P = 0.006) and lymphocyte count (Z =-2.878, P = 0.004), plasma albumin (t =-4.332, P = 0.000), and the proportion of amphotericin B application (χ² = 4.597, P = 0.032) were lower than those in the favorable prognosis group. Logistic regression analysis showed the admission high NRS 2002 score (OR = 3.258, 95%CI: 1.337-7.940; P = 0.009), CBF pressure > 250 mm H2O (OR = 0.108, 95%CI: 0.018-0.659; P = 0.016), and the duration of antifungal treatment < 14 d (OR = 0.092, 95%CI: 0.011-0.742; P = 0.025) were risk factors for dismal prognosis of cryptococcal meningitis. A Nomogram model was constructed based on the above 3 risk factors, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.927 (95%CI: 0.873-0.980, P = 0.000), which predicted a cut-off value of 53.50 points for dismal prognosis in cryptococcal meningitis; the calibration curve (with good consistency), and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (χ² = 2.694, P = 0.912) indicated that the model had good discrimination, calibration and stability. Conclusions Patients with cryptococcal meningitis with a high NRS 2002 score, CSF pressure > 250 mm H2O, and antifungal treatment < 14 d had a dismal prognosis, and the Nomogram model constructed accordingly has a high predictive value of dismal prognostic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Aiming to further enhance urban rail transit service with precision, it is essential to quantitatively extract the influencing variable factors of urban rail transit service quality and analyze the intrinsic relationship between these variables. Method Exploratory factor analysis is employed to extract six common influencing factors. SEM (structural equation modeling) is then introduced to construct three confirmatory factor analysis models for the influencing variables. These models are validated using survey data. Result & Conclusion The results indicate that the first-order six-factor uncorrelated model does not fit the actual data. Both the first-order six-factor correlated model and the second-order factor model adequately reflect the relationship between factors, while the later shows a significantly higher goodness of fit，with an average goodness of fit increase by 4.50% in absolute fit index, 0.53% in incremental fit index, and 12.73% in parsimonious fit index. The second-order factor model effectively quantifies the contributions of the six factors to service quality.

Copyright of Fire Safety Science is the property of Fire Safety Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to solve the problem that there are few site index tables compiled with DBH as index and the feasibility of using DBH as factor to evaluate site quality, in this study, the DBH growth equation was fitted with the long-term accumulation analytical data of Chinese fir trunks, the difference equation of DBH and the site index table of Chinese fir plantation in Hubei Province were constructed. The accuracy test and point test were used to test and compare the guide curve and the site index table respectively to evaluate the tabulation accuracy and applicability. The results showed that, 1) both the basic equation and the difference equation using the analytic data to fit DBH had good goodness of fit. 2) using the Korf basic equation and Korf difference equation, the single form site index table and the polymorphic site index table of Chinese fir plantation in Hubei province was compiled by using the guide curve method, taking 20 a as the standard age and 2 cm as the exponential level. 3) both the established model and the site index table passed the test, and the test accuracy of the difference equation was 99. 61%, higher than 96. 97% of the basic equation. The polymorphic site index table was 1. 18% higher than single form site index table. It can be seen that, the index table of DBH site of Chinese fir plantation in Hubei province compiled by difference equation is more accurate than the basic equation and can evaluate the site quality of Chinese fir plantation in Hubei province more accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, the intensity and frequency of earthquakes have been increasing, in this paper, an evacuation chair based on bionic design and neural network in an earthquake situation was designed, the research results through goodness-of-fit test and system clustering method to obtain 6 major categories and 18 subcategories of functional requirements were analyzed, and the bionic object based on the common requirements was determined. Its texture features were extracted using Gabor filtering and abstracted into the ontological pixel space, and the mapping relationship model with user preferences was established using neural network and pixel theory. MSE values of 0.092 12 and 0.007 44 were obtained, indicating good model performance. Using shape grammar rules for design innovation, three solutions were obtained, and the mean square error MSE value was 0.003 24 by verifying and comparing the satisfaction of the similar and top three ontological pixels in the mapping relationship model, which proved that the method can provide a reference for related product design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Geology & Exploration is the property of Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】Taking the distribution of cultivated land in central Yunnan urban agglomeration as an example, the present research analyzed the spatial multi-scale cultivated land models to explore the appropriate land use simulation model. 【Method】From 1,5,10,20 and 30 kilometers, five grid scales and 16 driving-force factors, goodness-of-fit, residual spatial autocorrelation, factor quantity and space scales, such as indicators, compared the diversity and precision of four kinds of arable land models which were classic regression, spatial lag, spatial error and geographically weighted regression. 【Result】Both cultivated land and its driving factors had positive global spatial autocorrelation at multiple spatial scales, and had spatial non-stationarity. The smaller the weight distance, the higher the spatial dependence degree, and it showed strong spatial heterogeneity with the increase of weight distance. The aggregation characteristics of cultivated land showed a high consistency with the change of spatial scales, but there were some differences in the specific spatial locations and the degree of detail expression. The smaller the scale, the more obvious the agglomeration was, and the more significant the local spatial difference was. Selection of goodness of fit, since the model of residual space relevance, indicators such as impact factor quantity and space scales, comparison and analysis the spatial multi-scale models, it was concluded that characterizing local spatial patterns and distribution of cultivated land order model and sequence was geographically weighted regression model, spatial error model, spatial lag model, regression model. 【Conclusion】Geographical weighted regression model takes into account the local characteristics and differences of geographical space, which can characterize the local characteristics of cultivated land space in more detail, determine the goodness of fit degree of different spatial location models, and obtain the weight of each driving factor of land use with spatial location. It has good model construction ability in terms of local spatial characteristics, simulation accuracy and driving factor coefficient, and can be combined with other mathematical models to build a land use prediction simulation model that is suitable for the scale of plateau and mountain urban agglomeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the ciphertext-only assumption,the existing distinguishers such as squared Euclidean imbalance, Hamming weight, maximum likelihood and goodness of fit, and new distinguishers such as ratio distance, ratio distance-Hamming weight and ratio distance-maximum likelihood were used to recover the original key of the lightweight cipher LEA using the distribution properties of intermediate state values after fault injection. The results show that LEA cipher cannot resist ciphertext-only fault analysis, and the new distinguishers require at least 396 faults to decipher LEA cipher with a success rate of 99% and above, which not only effectively reduces the number of faults, but also improves the attack efficiency. The research results provide a reference for the secure design and implementation of lightweight cryptosystems with the same structure in the IoT(Internet of Things) environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on t-distribution and Anderson-Darling test,the first,a method was proposed of spectrum sensing under assumptions that the noise variance was unknown and also the channel information was unknown.Indeed,the sensing was conducted based on Anderson-Darling distance between the distribution of ratio of sample’s mean to sample’s variance and the t-distribution.The second,another sensing method was proposed,under the same assumptions as the above,based on Anderson-Darling distance between the empirical characteristic function and a known characteristic function.The third,lower bounds on detection probabilities of sensings above were given for a flat,slow fading channel.Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the performances of proposed methods are much better than energy detector-based sensing with known noise variance,especially under an environment of a low signal to noise ration(SNR),or small number of samples.

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The urban flood management program and the scale construction of drainage facilities are closely related to the urban rainstorm intensity and the flood level of the outer river, so it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study on the joint probability distribution of rainstorm intensity and the flood level of the outer river. Taking Wuhan City as an example, the Copula function is used to establish the joint distribution of hourly-scale urban rainstorm intensity and outer-river flood level, and the performance of different Copula models is evaluated by using the Max-Likelihood estimator, the model selection criterion, the RMSE and the NSE goodness-of-fit. The Local optimization(LO)and Markov chain Monte Carlo(MCMC)methods are used to analyze the uncertainty of Copula models. The results are as follows. There is an obvious positive correlation between the heavy rainfall intensity and the flood level of the outer river, and the correlation between the 1-h maximum continuous precipitation and the maximum daily water level is the highest, and the optimal joint distribution function is the Gumbel Copula function. The uncertainty analysis of model shows that the optimal parameters of the MCMC simulation basically match with the theoretical parameter values, which is obviously superior to the local optimization algorithm. The results of the model uncertainty are consistent with that of the evaluation of the goodness-of-fit, which further verifies the validity of the parameters of the joint distribution function. Under the same frequency, the univariate values are lower than the values of heavy rainfall intensity and outer flood river level corresponding to the two-variable joint frequency, and higher than those corresponding to the two-variable co-occurring frequency. The two-variable co-occurring reproduction period is higher than that of the single-variable design reproduction period, and the joint reproduction period is lower than that of the single-variable design reproduction period. The combined risk rate of both storm intensity and flood level at the same frequency is much lower than the frequency value in the univariate case, and the risk rate of drainage above 50 a is greater than that of the design storm return period, but the maximum risk rate does not exceed the joint risk rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University is the property of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the increasing proportion of people with lower limb dysfunction in the population, lower limb exoskeleton, mainly in the form of physical assisted therapy, has become a research hotspot in the field of rehabilitation. In this study, a wearable lower limb exoskeleton prototype model is proposed and its motion performance is studied. Firstly, the corresponding relation between human lower limbs and exoskeleton is established. Secondly, the standard D-H method is used to build the exoskeleton kinematics mathematical model, the forward and inverse kinematics is solved through the homogeneous transformation matrix, and the correctness of the model and the solving equation is verified. Finally, the man-machine coupling model is simulated based on the gait characteristics of human lower limbs. The goodness of curve fitting shows that the exoskeleton runs smoothly, and has good compatibility and tracking performance. The joint curve data provides the data basis for the formulation of the control strategy of the lower limb exoskeleton.

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Harbour Engineering is the property of Editorial Office of China Harbour Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Atomic Energy Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Board of Atomic Energy Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The method of chi square criterion of mathematical statistics is used and a model of fair apportioning seats is proposed. The properties of apportionment method are discussed, and the method satisfies several idealized principles. A sufficient condition is given about violating fair share principle. The experimental results show clearly that this chi square goodness of fit applies reasonable and operable widely in just allocation of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology is the property of Journal of Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University is the property of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geography & Geographic Information Science is the property of Geography & Geo-Information Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forest & Environment is the property of Journal of Forest & Environment Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Systems Engineering & Electronics is the property of Journal of Systems Engineering & Electronics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Research is the property of Editorial Board of Feed Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)