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BACKGROUND: Intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease is one of the most aggressive complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with high lethality. How to improve intestinal inflammation and regulate autophagy by applying traditional Chinese medicine in order to treat intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease is a worthwhile research issue nowadays. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of Huangqintang modulating intestinal flora for the treatment of intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease. METHODS: CB6F1 mice were irradiated with 60Co X radiation at a total dose of 8 Gy, and then single nucleated cell suspensions (bone marrow cells + splenocytes) from Balb/c H-2d mice were injected into the tail vein in order to prepare a model of intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease. These samples were randomly divided into the model group and the high-, moderate-, and low-dose Huangqintang groups. After modeling, the model, high-, moderate-, and low-dose groups received different doses of Huangqintang or an equal volume of saline by continuous gavage for 14 days. Clinical acute graft-versus-host disease grading, and survival time was recorded. Small intestinal tissues from each group were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for small intestinal mucosal pathology scoring. The intestinal flora of mice in each group was detected using 16S rDNA sequencing. Autophagy-related markers were detected using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the model group, the survival time of mice was significantly prolonged (P < 0.01); the clinical acute graftversus-host disease scores were significantly reduced (P < 0.01); the pathological grading scores of the small intestinal mucosa were significantly diminished (P < 0.01); the levels of the small intestinal tissue inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, were significantly decreased (P < 0.01); the structural integrity of the small intestinal mucosal epithelium was partially restored in mice after the intervention of moderate and high-dose Huangqintang. (2) The study of intestinal flora found that compared with the model group, the pro-inflammatory strain Enterococcus was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while beneficial bacteria such as Clostridium_innocuum and Rhodococcus, a pro-autophagy bacterium, were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in the moderate-dose Huangqintang group. (3) Compared with the model group, the autophagy markers were significantly elevated in the moderate-dose Huangqintang group (P < 0.05); under transmission electron microscopy, the number of autophagic vacuoles of moderate-dose Huangqintang group increased significantly. (4) The results showed that Huangqintang significantly reduced the abundance of conditionally pathogenic bacteria and the level of inflammatory factors in small intestinal tissues, and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and promoted the expression of autophagy in the small intestinal mucosa, which resulted in a significant improvement of intestinal symptoms in mice with acute graft-versus-host disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To understand the changes in drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with lower respiratory tract infections in the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Congjiang County People's Hospital, Guizhou Province, to understand the main drug-resistant genes and disinfectant-resistant genes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and to analyze some strains Perform homology analysis. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the changes in Staphylococcus aureus drug resistance in patients with lower respiratory tract infections in the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Congjiang County People's Hospital, Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2021, and used correlation analysis (pearson) statistical methods to explore the relationship between bacterial resistance and antibacterial drugs medication frequency (defined daily dose system, DDDs). Totally 40 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from specimens submitted by patients with lower respiratory tract infections in the Department of Critical Care Medicine over the past four years were used as the research objects. Instrumental methods were used to identify the test strains and their drug susceptibility, and PCR technology was used to determine the resistance genes (mecA, SCCmec, femB) and disinfectant resistance genes (qacA/B) detection. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method was used to analyze the homology of 40 strains of test bacteria. Results: The annual average resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus shows that the penicillin resistance rate has always been higher than 92%. The resistance rates to tetracycline, clindamycin, and cotrimoxazole continued to increase again after declining in 2019. The resistance rates of erythromycin, oxacillin, levofloxacin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin shows an increasing trend year by year. No strains resistant to linezolid, vancomycin, and tigecycline were found. Correlation analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation between the penicillin resistance rate and oxacillin DDDs (r=0.99, P<0.05), there is a significant negative correlation between the oxacillin resistance rate and erythromycin DDDs, etc., and the resistance rates of other antibacterial drugs. There is no statistical significance in the correlation with DDDs of each drug. Genetic testing found that the detection rate of mecA in 40 strains of resistant MRSA was 97.5%, the SCC-mec and femB genes were not detected, and the detection rate of qacA/B genes was 15%. The MLST typing results show that there are 7 sequence types in total, among which ST59 type has the highest proportion and is the dominant type, accounting for 42.5%, followed by ST45 type, accounting for 25%, ST239 type, ST28 type, ST188 type, ST1 type and ST630 account for 12.5%, 7.5% and 5%, 5% and 2.5% respectively. Conclusion: The drug resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus in lower respiratory tract infections in the Department of Critical Care Medicine is increasing year by year, and the antibiotics available are limited. The development of bacterial resistance is related to the frequency of drug use. Carrying the mecA and qacA/B genes is the main reason for the development of drug resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MLST results indicate the presence of intrafamily clonal strains in the ICU ward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the potential probiotic effect of an Enterocin Y3 producing strain of Enterococcus faecalis DH9003, about 15 healthy C57 male mice were intragastrically administered with sterile saline (control group, n=7) and E. faecalis DH9003 (treatment group, n =8). After 4 weeks, the feces of mice were collected to determine the effect of E. faecalis DH9003 on intestinal flora modification and metabolic function of mice. The results showed that E. faecalis DH9003 were colonized in large quantities in mice within 7 days after intragastric administration. The number of the strain increased slowly and became stable at 7-28 days. By observing the pathological characteristics of the intestinal and liver tissue sections of mice, the intake of E. faecalis DH9003 had a certain improvement effect on the intestinal mucosa barrier of mice, indicating that the strain made the intestinal mucosa of mice denser and longer. Meanwhile, the strain showed no pernicious influence on the livers of mice. The intragastric administration of E. faecalis DH9003 led to the different diversity of the treated group, and became the dominant species among different groups. The supplement of E. faecalis DH9003 had a certain regulatory effect on the bacterial community structure modification in the intestinal tract of mice, and the modification at the phylum level was the differences of relative abundance between Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. A total of 254 differential metabolic substances were detected between control and treatment group, and 124 differential metabolic substances were up-regulated and 130 differential onces in turn were down-regulated. The enrich-ment analysis of KEGG pathway showed that the metabolic pathways with high levels of visibility included ABC trans-porter proteins and protein digestion and absorption pathways. In summary, E. faecalis DH9003 could be colonized in vivo and effect on intestinal flora and metabolic ability of the host in some degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To investigate the antibacterial effect of Solanum nigrum L. on Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis and its effect on biofilm formation, the antibacterial activities of extracts from Solanum nigrum L., Solanum villosum Miller., Solanum diphyllum L. fruit and their stems or leaves were compared,and the extracting conditions of Solanum nigrum L. fruit was optimized by response surface methodology. The effect of extracts from Solanum nigrum L. fruit on the formation of bacterial biofilm was determined by crystal violet staining, and the factors affecting the formation of antibiofilm were evaluated by swimming, auto-aggregation, and hydrophobicity. The results showed that the extracts from Solanum nigrum L. fruit had the best inhibition rate. The optimum extraction conditions for inhibiting the Escherichia coli were extraction temperature 28 °C, ethanol content 44.5%, liquid-solid ratio 5.1:1 (mL·g-1); the optimum extraction conditions for inhibiting the Enterococcus faecalis were extraction temperature 29.5 °C, ethanol content 44.7%, liquid-solid ratio 5.1:1 (mL·g-1). Under these conditions, the extracts showed the best antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, the inhibition rate were 81.44%±1.78% and 90.63%±2.33%. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis was 50 mg·mL-1. The inhibitory rates of 30 mg·mL-1 Solanum nigrum L. fruit extract on biofilm formation of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were 83.52% and 85.13%, respectively. And the inhibition of Escherichia coli biofilm formation was related to the decrease of hydrophobicity (P<0.05), and the inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation was related to the decrease of swimming and auto-aggregation (P<0.05). These results provided a theoretical basis for the bacteria inhibition and biofilm inhibition of Solanum nigrum L., and a reference for the development of natural plant antibiotic substitutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the pathogenic bacteria distribution in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated with intra-abdominal infection (IAI), and to analyze the drug sensitivity, and explore the risk factors of hospital death. In this study, 100 patients with SAP complicated with IAI who received treatment and were diagnosed in The 922 Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of the People's Liberation Army from January 2017 to January 2022 were included. Ascites samples were collected, the pathogenic bacteria distribution was observed, and drug sensitivity was analyzed. After admission, demographic characteristics, laboratory examination and other data of patients were collected, and the risk factors of hospital death were explored. Results: 186 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 100 ascites samples of patients with SAP complicated with IAI, included 108 strains of gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 58.06% . 51 strains of gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 27.42% . 27 strains of fungus, accounting for 14.52%. A cinetobacter baumannii is less sensitive to different antimicrobial agents. Escherichia coli is more sensitive to ertapenem, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, gentamicin, meropenem, Klebsiella pneumoniae is more sensitive to imipenem and meropenem, Staphylococcus is more sensitive to tegacyclin, vancomycin, and linezolid, and Enterococcus faecium is highly sensitive to tegacyclin and linezolid, and Enterococcus faecalis is highly sensitive to ampicillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and tegacyclin. Univariate analysis showed that the hospital deaths patients with SAP complicated with IAI were related to the number of organ disorders, bladder pressure, acute physiology and chronic health score (APACHE II) at admission, white blood cell count (WBC), blood calcium, hematocrit (HCT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) and arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) (P<0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that more number of organ disorders, lower blood calcium, higher CRP, higher APACHE II score, higher bladder pressure, lower PaO2, and higher WBC were the risk factors for hospital death (P<0.05). Conlsuion: The pathogenic bacteria in patients with SAP complicated with IAI are mainly gram-negative bacteria, and the main gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria has high drug resistance rate. In addition, more number of organ disorders, lower blood calcium, higher CRP, higher APACHE II score, higher bladder pressure, lower PaO2, and higher WBC are risk factors for hospital death in patients with SAP complicated with IAI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was to isolate and identify cellulose-degrading anaerobic bacteria from the cecum of horses. The samples were collected from horse cecum in Yili, Xinjiang, and the strains were isolated and purified under anaerobic conditions using CMC-Na primary screening medium, bacteria capable of degrading cellulose were screened by Congo red staining, and the enzymatic activity of re-screened strains was determined, followed by 16S rDNA sequencing analysis of the strains and construction of a phylogenetic tree. The results showed that a total of 12 anaerobic bacterial strains with cellulose degradation ability were screened from horse cecum, which were identified as Lactobacillus agilis, Enterococcus hirae, Providencia rettgeri, Morganella morganii and Enterococcus faecalis, with one strain of Lactobacillus agalactiae (F2-A4) showed the highest cellulase activity of 14.841 U/mL. The study indicates that the anaerobic strains screened in the study are expected to provide strain resources of candidate bacteria for the development and application of feed microbial additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore and analyze the correlation of gut flora characteristics and the effect of phenobbilbital treatment in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: From June 2020 to June 2022, A total of 565 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from were selected as the research subjects. All the cases were treated with phenobarbital, The neonatal intestinal flora were detected, and serum α-glutathione-s-transferase (α-GST), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), bilirubin levels were detected, and were to determine the patient with cases’ treatment effect and correlation analysis. Results: After 7 days of treatment in 565 neonatesn, there were 490 cases were effective (effective group), and the effective rate was 86.7 %. The contents of serum bilirubin and transdermal bilirubin in the effective group were lower than those in the ineffective group (P＜0.05). The serum α-GST and CK-MB levels in the effective group were lower than those in the ineffective group (P＜0.05). The relative abundances of Enterococcus, Escherichia and Streptococcus in the effective group were higher in the ineffective group, and the relative abundance of Bacteroides was higher than that in the ineffective group (P＜0.05). In the 565 neonates, Spearsman analysis showed that the treatment effect of phenobarbital treatment was correlated with the relative abundances of Enterococcus, Escherichia, Streptococcus and Bacteroides (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The effect of phenobarbital in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia needs to be improved. The detection of bilirubin, α-GST, CK-MB can effectively determine the treatment effect of children with intestinal flora, and there is a correlation between intestinal flora and the treatment effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the experiment was to study the changes in fermentation quality, nutritional components and microbial diversity of oat silage in different fermentation periods. In the study, oats at the milk maturity stage were used as raw materials, and samples were taken at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days of silage, which were named as FT0, FT15, FT30, FT45, FT60 and FT90. The fermentation quality, nutritional composition and microbial diversity of oat silage were analyzed. The results showed that the pH value of FT60 and FT90 were significantly lower than other fermentation days (P<0.05). The LA content of FT60 and FT90 was significantly higher than other fermentation days (P<0.05). The AA content of FT90 was significantly higher than other fermentation days (P<0.05). The PA content of FT90 was significantly higher than other fermentation days (P<0.05). FT45 produces BA, but in very low amounts. The NH3-N/TN of FT30, FT45, FT60 and FT90 were significantly higher than those of FT15 (P<0.05). Compared with FT0, the content of DM in FT30, FT45 and FT90 was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the content of CP in FT30, FT45, FT60 and FT90 was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the content of WSC gradually decreased with the extension of fermentation days (P<0.05), NDF content of FT30, FT45, FT60 was significantly decreased (P<0.05), ADF content of FT30, FT45, FT60, FT90 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In the early stage of fermentation, Lactococcus and Enterococcus played a major role. In the middle stage of fermentation, the dominant genera were Weisseria, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus. In the later stage of fermentation, Lactobacillus multiplied with an abundance value of 82.87%. Weisseria, Pediococcus and Enterococcus were 8.26%, 4.37% and 2.48%, respectively. The study indicates that the optimum fermentation days for oats in the milk-ripening stage are 60~90 d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vermifilter (VF), a kind of ecological technology, can be used for reducing and stabilizing excess sludge of wastewater treatment plants; however, the effects of earthworms' feeding on bacterial communities and pathogens are yet unclear under the continuous stress of excess sludge. In the present paper, a VF pilot experiment was conducted, with the fluorescence qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to investigate the composition and variation of bacterial community in the VF's earthworm intestine (VEI) and in the control earthworm intestine (CEI) which was cultivated with cow dung, and to study the effect of continuous sludge flow on the bacterial community of earthworm intestine, and furthermore to analyze the contribution of earthworm intestine to the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria. The experiment presented: there were more diverse and richer bacterial communities in VEI than in the CEI, and it appeard that the difference of the selection effects observed during the intestinal transport of vermifiltration earthworms was even more evident; The inhibitory effects of earthworm intestine on typical food-borne pathogens such as Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Escherichia and so on, were different, the removal rates of Salmonella by VEI and CEI being 52.49% and 33.79%, respectively; and microbial network analysis showed that the competitive inhibition of VEI was more violent than that of CEI, and correlation analysis revealed that the competitive inhibition of dominant bacteria in the VEI played a vital role in the terminal reduction of other pathogens. Obviously, the intestine of earthworms remarkably changed the bacterial community structures of ingested sludge and cow dung, and reduced the relative abundance of some pathogens. Hence, the research results could provide references for the analysis and promotion of vermifilter and vermi-composting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Enterococci are considered as the third most common cause of nosocomial infections. Enterococci acquire antibiotic resistance by gene transfer. Virulence factors facilitate colonization and evasion from the immune system. Our objectives were to evaluate the distribution of virulence markers and genes among enterococci isolated from intensive care unit (ICU) in Sohag University Hospital and to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of enterococci. Methods: Virulence markers were detected by gelatinase test, caseinase test, slime layer production and modified micro titer plate method. Polymerase chain reaction is used for identification of enterococcal species and detection of virulence genes as gel E, asa 1, esp, hyl and cyl A. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed by disc diffusion method by using ampicillin, vancomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin and teichoplanin. Vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured by E-test. Results: Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) was detected in 38.4 % of isolates. There was no significant difference in the distribution of all virulence markers between Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium). The hyl gene was more commonly detected in E. faecalis (p-value= 0.01). Enterococci isolated from cases of surgical site infection (SSI),pneumonia and sepsis contain multiple virulence genes with the highest percentage. Vancomycin resistance was higher in gel E positive and asa1 positive E. faecalis than negative E. faecalis. Conclusion: Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was detected in 57.6% of enterococci. Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium have the same degree of virulence. An association was noted between the esp & asa 1 genes and biofilm formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To understand the differences in the types and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in urine culture of children with urinary tract infection and adult women, and to provide a basis for the rational selection of antibacterial drugs in clinical practice. Methods: collecting January 2018 2 Urine culture samples 019 during December in our hospital urinary tract infection in children and 1618 parts of urinary tract infection urine culture specimens adult female part of 1044, analysis of the distribution of pathogens and their drug resistance Sex. Results: 267 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 1618 urine culture specimens of children. The first pathogen was Enterococcus faecium, accounting for 43.82% (117/267); 139 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 1044 urine culture specimens of adult females, ranking first The leading pathogen was Enterococcus faecalis, accounting for 28.78% (40/139). The composition ratios of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the urine culture of the two populations were the second and third respectively. Children's urine culture of Enterococcus faecium is more resistant to quinolones such as penicillin G, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin than adult women's urine culture of Enterococcus faecium. The resistance rate of tetracycline is lower than that of adult female urine culture Enterococcus faecalis (P<0.05); no resistance to high concentration of gentamicin, high concentration of streptomycin, linezolid, vancomycin, tigecycline was found Medicinal enterococcus. The resistance rates of children's urine culture of Escherichia coli to ampicillin/sulbactam and cefepime were higher than those of adult women's urine culture of Escherichia coli (P<0.05). Children's urine culture Klebsiella pneumoniae versus cefoperazone/sulbactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, aztreonam, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem The drug resistance rate of cephalosporins such as nan, nitrofurantoin, and cefazolin was higher than that of adult female urine culture Klebsiella pneumoniae (P<0.05). Conclusion: Enterococcus is the main pathogen in urine culture of children with urinary tract infection and adult women. The composition ratio of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the second and third respectively. The main pathogens in urine culture of the two populations are drug-resistant There are different degrees of difference in sex, clinicians should use drugs rationally based on urine culture and drug sensitivity results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To analyze the changes of intestinal flora and platelet parameters in patients with acut rejection (AR) after renal transplantation and the risk factors of postoperative AR. Methods: 150 cases of renal transplantation were selected, 26 cases of postoperative AR occurred patients were taken as study group, 124 cases of no AR occurred patients were taken as control group. The changes of intestinal flora, platelet parameters before and after operation were compared between the two groups, and analyzed the risk factors of AR after renal transplantation. Results: The number of intestinal Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bifidobacterium/ Enterobacter in the study group were less than those in the control group, while the number of Enterobacter and Enterococcus in the study group were more than those in the control group (P<0.05). The platelet specific volume (PCT) of study group at 5 d after operation and 7d after operation was lower than that of control group, and the mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet ratio (P-LCR) were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bifidobacterium / Enterobacter decreased, the number of Enterobacter and Enterococcus increased, PCT reduction, PDW elevation and P-LCR elevation were risk factors for AR after renal transplantation (P<0.05). Conclusion: The intestinal flora of AR patients after renal transplantation is disordered, PCT is decreased, MPV and P-LCR are increased. Postoperative intestinal flora disorder, PCT reduction, PDW elevation and P-LCR elevation are risk factors for AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the etiological characteristics and risk factors of biliary obstruction complicated with biliary tract infection, and to analyze relationship between biliary tract infection and liver injury. Methods: The clinical data of 250 patients with biliary obstruction were analyzed retrospectively. The pathogen distribution of biliary obstruction complicated with biliary tract infection and the drug resistance of main pathogens were analyzed, and the risk factors of biliary obstruction combined with biliary tract infection were analyzed. The liver function indicators of each group [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamyltransferase (GGT), direct bilirubin (DBIL)] and liver fibrosis indicators [layered mucin (LN), hyaluronic acid (HA), type Ⅲ procollagen (PCⅢ), type Ⅳ collagen (Ⅳ-C)] were compared among the groups. Results: In 250 cases of biliary obstruction, 132 cases were complicated with biliary tract infection, the infection rate was 52.80%. A total of 150 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, mainly Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. Streptococcus faecalis had the highest resistance to erythromycin, Enterococcus faecium had the highest resistance to lincomycin, and the lowest resistance to vancomycin. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest resistance to ampicillin, and the lowest resistance to tobramycin. Age ≥ 60 years old, history of biliary surgery and Child-Pugh score ≥ 11 scores) of liver function were risk factors for biliary obstruction complicated with biliary infection (P<0.05). The levels of AST, ALT, GGT, DBIL, LN, HA, PCⅢ and Ⅳ-C in the biliary tract infection group were higher than those in the non-biliary tract infection group and the control group, and those in non-biliary tract infection group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of biliary obstruction complicated with biliary tract infection is high, and biliary tract infection will further aggravate liver damage in patients with biliary obstruction. The clinical prevention and treatment should be done according to its pathogenic characteristics and risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore the pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance of pulmonary infection after radical surgery for esophageal carcinoma, and to provide the basis for clinical rational use of antibacterial drugs. Methods: A total of 764 patients, who underwent radical surgery for esophageal carcinoma in Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January2009-December 2017, were chosen as research subjects. The basic clinical data of the patients were recorded.The deep sputum specimens from patients with pulmonary infection were collected for bacterial culture. Drug sensitivity test was performed for pathogenic bacteria,and the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria were analyzed. Results: There were 146 cases of pulmonary infection in 764 cases of radical surgery for esophageal carcinoma, and the infection rate was 19.11%. Among 185 strains of pathogenic bacteria from sputum specimens of patients with pulmonary infection, there were 116 strains of Gram-negative bacteria(62.70%), in which,pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most, accounting for 18.38% and 14.05% respectively; there were 40 strains of Gram-positive bacteria(21.62%), in which, staphylococcus aureus were the most,accounting for 8.65%, 29 strains of fungi accounting for 15.68%, and Candida albicans were also the most, accounting for 9.19%. The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Streptococcus pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli to mezlocillin were the highest, accounted for 70.59%,73.08%,86.96%, 62.50% respectively, but the resistance rates of them to imipenem were the lowest, accounted for 5.88%, 3.85%, 26.09%,12.50% respectively. The resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis to cefazolin were the highest, accounting for 81.25%, 63.64% respectively. The resistance rates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus to cefazolin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin were the highest, all accounted for 71.43%. The resistance rates of Enterococci to cefazolin, ciprofloxacin were the highest, all accounted for100.00%. The resistance rates of Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Enterococcus to vancomycin were the lowest, all accounted for 0.00%. Conclusion: The pulmonary infection is Gram-negative bacteria mainly after radical surgery for esophageal carcinoma. The pathogenic bacteria is resistant to mezlocillin, cefazolin, azithromycin,ciprofloxacin mainly, the resistance rates of pathogenic bacteria to imipenem and vancomycin are lower.Antibiotics should be used rationally for clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the process of thermophilic aerobic dingestion(TAD)pretreatment(TAD)strengthening mesophilic anaerobic digestion(MAD), and the effect of reducing the intestinal pathogen. We investigates the effect of three different air aerobic pretreatment. The experimental results founds that the cumulative unit feed of methane gas production in the process of TAD-MAD were higher than MAD process. After pretreatment, dissolved organic matter increased 23.19%. In the subsequent anaerobic digestion process, methane production increased by 28.73% and three groups of pretreatment improved anaerobic digestion process, the volatile organic compounds(VS)reduction rates were above 40%. And in the process of high temperature aerobic pretreatment strengthening anaerobic medium digestion, the effect is remarkable that enterococcus reduction rates were 63%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To obtain the diversity and abundance of fast-growing bacteria in the surface water of the northeast coast of Hainan Island in China, different cultivation methods were employed. This study also aims to provide a reference for isolating bacterial samples from seawater sources and preventing marine-derived pathogens. Methods: Based on the principles of taxonomic design, surface seawater samples were collected from six locations along the northeast coast of Hainan Island in China in March, June, October, and December 2021. Then, bacterial enrichment was performed based on traditional cultivation methods for Salmonella , Vibrio , Burkholderia pseudomallei , Actinomycetes , and general marine bacteria. After that, bacterial species identification was conducted by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. Results: A total of 1 151 fast-growing cultivable bacteria belonging to 66 genera and 213 species were identified using five different culture protocols. In different cultivation protocols, Bacillus and Klebsiella demonstrated extensive discriminatory advantages and ranked among the top genera in terms of abundance. Protocol 1 had Escherichia , Klebsiella , and Citrobacter as dominant genera. Pathogenic bacteria detected by protocol 1 included Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli , with 37 and 29 strains respectively, while Salmonella enterica was uniquely detected with seven isolates. Proteus , Enterococcus , and Providencia were the dominant genera in protocol 2, and Proteus mirabilis was the most abundant pathogenic bacteria detected with 66 isolates. Vibrio cholerae was uniquely detected with six isolates at a higher abundance. Klebsiella , Escherichia , and Acinetobacter were the dominant genera in protocol 3, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most abundant pathogenic bacteria detected with 53 isolates, while Acinetobacter nosocomialis was uniquely detected with seven isolates. Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas were the dominant genera in protocol 4, and they showed advantages in isolating and cultivating Marine - derived Vibrio . Exiguobacterium , Staphylococcus , and Bacillus were the dominant genera in protocol 5. Bacillus cereus and Lactococcus lactis were the most abundant pathogenic bacteria detected with 20 and 15 isolates, respectively, while Lactococcus lactis was uniquely detected at higher abundance. Metagenomic sequencing showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly dominant with a gene abundance of 51.11%, followed by Alcanivorax sp. at 12.57%. Conclusion: The surface water of the northeast coast of Hainan Island in China exhibits a rich diversity of bacteria, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being highly abundant in the studied area. Different cultivation methods demonstrate distinct selective advantages in culturing bacterial genera and pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize cultivation conditions for specific marine bacteria.

Objective To observe the biological characteristics of a vancomycin-dependent enterococcus faecium (VDEfm-1501).Methods A strain of VDEfm-1501 was isolated from an urine specimen of a woman with blood system disease and was identified by VITEK 2, followed by PCR and VITEK MS.The VDEfm-1501 vancomycin-dependent growth characteristics and the minimum vancomycin concentration required for growth were tested by E-test.Its antibiotic resist-ance was analyzed by K-B disc diffusion.Drug resistance and virulence genes were amplified by PCR.The multilocus se-quence typing (MLST)was applied in the sequence typing.Ddl sequencing of VDEfm-1501 was detected by PCR.Results VDEfm-1501 could only grow on the presence of 1.0 μg/mL vancomycin at least, but such characteristic could weaken with the increase of passage times, and no vancomycin-dependence was found in the sixth passage.VDEfm-1501 showed multi-drug resistance except linezolid and tetracycline, and carried resistant gene of ace(6')-Ie-aph(2")-la.VDEfm-1501 belonged to clonal complex 17 (CC17), which was the cause of most of the nosocomial VRE outbreaks globally.And its vancomycin dependence seemed to be associated with the insertion of 'GG'at nucleotide position 942 of the ddl gene.Con-clusions The growth of VDEfm-1501 needs at least 1 μg/mL vancomycin, but such dependence is easy to lose.VDEfm-1501 displays multi-drug resistance and carrys the resistant gene of ace(6')-Ie-aph(2")-la.VDEfm-1501 belongs to ST of VRE.The insertion of 'GG'leads to the emergence of VDEfm-1501. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare is the property of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of one-stage revision combined with intra-articular infusion of vancomycin in the treatment of chronic prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by Enterococcal . Methods: From May 2013 to June 2020,the clinical data of 9 patients (2 males and 7 females) with chronic Enterococcal PJI treated with one-stage revision using intra-articular infusion of vancomycin at Department of Orthopaedics,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were retrospectively analyzed,including 8 hips and 1 knee.A total of 9 patients with age of (63.9±11.7)years (range:43 to 76 years) were included, and the body mass index was (23.6±4.3)kg/m 2 (range:18 to 30 kg/m 2 ).There were 6 cases with antibiotic history and 5 cases with sinus tract.The joint fluid,infected tissue around the prosthesis and ultrasonic shock fluid of the prosthesis were collected during operation for microbial culture identification and drug sensitivity test.After thorough debridement of the infected site and removal of the infected prosthesis,a new prosthesis was implanted,then the drainage tube in the operation area was placed.After surgery,vancomycin(1.0 g,q12 h) was combined with intra-articular vancomycin(0.5 g,qd) in monomicrobial PJI,and vancomycin(1.0 g,q12 h) was combined with intra-articular vancomycin (0.5 g,qd) and imipenem/meropenem (0.5 g,qd),and the interval between the two drugs was 12 hours in polymicrobial PJI.Hip and knee functions were evaluated by Harris Hip Score or Knee Society Score(KSS),respectively.The comparison of hip function scores before and after operation was performed by paired t -test. Results: All patients were followed up for (60±39)months(range:24 to 110 months).Two cases were infected with Enterococcus faecium and 7 cases were infected with Enterococcus faecalis .There were 7 cases of monomicrobial infection and 2 cases of polymicrobial infection.Erythromycin(5/9),tetracycline(4/9),ciprofloxacin and β-lactam antibiotics(3/9) were the top three antibiotics in Enterococci resistance rate.The sensitive antibiotics for Enterococcal were vancomycin,linezolid and tigecycline.The average duration of intravenous antibiotics was (14±1)days (range:13 to 17 days),and the average duration of antibiotics in articular cavity was (15±2)days(range:11 to 20 days).Mean duration of oral antibiotic use after discharge was (2±1)months(range:1 to 3 months).One case of polymicrobial PJI treatment failed,with a failure rate of 1/9.At last follow-up,the Harris score of patients with hip PJI increased from (43±6)points to (84±6)points( t =-11.899, P <0.01). KSS score of knee function was improved from 33 point pre-operatively to 85 point post-operatively;overall function score was improved from 35 point pre-operatively to 80 point post-operatively.During the treatment,no formation of sinus tract of the hip joint caused by a catheter,skin necrosis at the knee puncture site or leakage of joint fluid;no complications such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism occurred. Conclusions: One-stage revision combined with intra-articular infusion of vancomycin can achieve acceptable infection control rate and joint function in patients with chronic Enterococcus PJI.However,the treatment of polymicrobial PJI still needs to be further verified.