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ObjectiveThe use of pesticides is one of the root causes of food safety problems. Pesticide exposure and pesticide residues can not only lead to environmental pollution issues but also seriously affect human health. In order to meet the rapid and sensitive detection needs of pesticide residues in agricultural products, a method based on lemon juice reduction to prepare silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is reported in this research.MethodsFirst, fresh lemon juice was filtered through filter paper and diluted to a 2% lemon juice aqueous solution. Then, a certain concentration of AgNO3 solution, 50 mm NaOH solution were prepared and stored at room temperature. Then, 10 mL ddH2O, 2 mL NaOH, 2 mL 2% lemon juice, and 5 mL AgNO3 solution were mixed. When the solution turned to a clear yellow color, the solution was centrifuged to obtain AgNPs. The morphology and structure of AgNPs were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In order to verify the successful synthesis of the nanoparticles and the distribution characteristics of the nanoparticles, ultraviolet spectroscopy was used for measurement and analysis, and 4-ATP was used as a SERS probe to preliminarily verify the SERS enhancement performance of AgNPs. Furthermore, the content of the main reducing components in lemon juice, namely ascorbic acid, glucose, and fructose was analyzed. The content of ascorbic acid in lemon juice was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the content of glucose and fructose in lemon juice was determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry. To verify the stability and uniformity of the SERS signal of the nanoparticles, 4-ATP was used as an surface enhancement of raman scattering (SERS) probe for detection analysis. The stability of the SERS performance of the colloidal substrate within 41 days and the SERS performance at temperatures ranging from 0-80 °C were analyzed. Using 4-ATP as the SERS probe, the experimental conditions were optimized for the preparation of AgNPs by the lemon juice method, including pH and AgNO3 concentration. To validate the practical usability of the nanoparticles, the solutions of paraquat and carbendazim and the detection limits of pesticide residues on different fruits and vegetables were detected by SERS.Results and discussionsThe method for preparing AgNPs has the advantages of simple operation, green and easy synthesis. The particle morphology and size of the prepared AgNPs were basically uniform, with a size of about 20 nm. The ultraviolet-visible spectrum of AgNPs solution showed that the absorption peak was about 400 nm and the peak shape was narrow, indicating that the colloidal solution had good homogeneity. The detection limit of 4-ATP as the SERS probe was 10-14 M, indicating that the nanoparticle had a good SERS. In addition, the content of ascorbic acid, the main reducing ingredient, in lemon juice measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was 395.76 μg/mL. The contents of glucose and fructose, which were the main reducing components in lemon juice, were 5.95 and 5.90 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the characterization and analysis results of the AgNPs prepared by the mixed reducing solution prepared according to the concentration data of each component showed that the AgNPs obtained were also uniform in morphology and size, with a diameter of about 20 nm, but the SERS enhancement performance was not as good as that of the AgNPs reduced by lemon juice. The SERS signal uniformity of the AgNPs reduced by lemon juice analyzed results showed that the peak intensity of the SERS spectral of 4-ATP at different sites at the same concentration was not significantly changed for 15 times, and its standard deviation RSD=5.03%, which was much lower than the intersubstrate RSD value (

With the increase of people's health awareness of skin care, natural cosmetics have become one of the current trends. The natural cosmetics were summarized from the aspects of natural ingredients, standards and regulations, cosmetics market. The overall ecological design scheme of natural cosmetics was also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pinus crassicorticea is a rare tree species has high economical value in northwestern Guangxi. As the habitat has been seriously damaged,P. crassicorticea is now regarded as an endangered species. To preserve the germplasm of this species,the genetic diversity of P. crassicorticea was quantified based on 7 SSR loci. The interspecies relationship between P. crassicorticea and two sympatric pine species,P. yunnanensis var. tenuifolia and P. massoniana,was further analyzed. The results showed that the mean number of effective alleles(Ne)per locus was 1.653,the average observed heterozygosity(Ho)was 0.577,the expected heterozygosity(He)was 0.374,Shannon's information index(I)was 0.540 and mean Nei's gene diversity(h)was 0.376,indicating that P. crassicorticea maintains high levels of genetic variation. The genetic identity(GD)was 0.0175 between P. crassicorticea and P. massoniana,while 0.0525 between P. crassicorticea and P. yunnanensis var. tenuifolia. The interspecies relationship coefficient was 0.094 within P. crassicorticea and P. massoniana,and 0.066 in P. crassicorticea and P. yunnanensis var. tenuifolia, respectively. Therefore,it was reasonable that P. crassicorticea was genetically closer to P. massoniana than P. yunnanensis var. tenuifoli. The strategy for the genetic resource conservation of P. crassicorticea was also discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a typically symbolizing neo-pragmatist, Rorty sticks to Marxism and socialism movement very closely. His family background and his experience in teenage has little distance to Marxist, which impact directly on Rorty and his new pragmatism. Rorty, finally, didn't become a disciple subjected to Marxism, but he looks upon philosophy as a thing as well as Marx does. Both their opinion has a family similarity. Considered that Rorty was regarded as a representation for post-modernism, the reformation in microcosmic that he advocated during last twenties years was attracted by post Marxism theorist. Then it is helpful for us to understand Marxism form the perspective of pragmatism through articulating the relations between Rorty's thought and Marxism theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept about the competition between Chinese local governments originated in 1990s about attracted the attention of theoretic studies increasingly nowadays. In the background of economic globalization and China's institutional restructuring, the study on the competition between local governments goes on to view the issue from the four aspects as follows in academic with the intention of causing local governments to be competitors as well as cooperators, i.e., financial federalism, public choice, new institutionalism and governance theory. Furthermore, in view of the foreseeable economical/ social development in China, the study on the competition between local governments is required to explore the solutions to the problems in depth, such as the fiscal decentralization, examination system of officials, organization reform and transregional governance model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One usually uses the term " public reason" without inquiring deeply its complicate meanings. Both Kant and Rawls define this term, and the latter has come to realize the paradox of public reason. In order to solve this kind of paradox, Kant conceives that there existed something named " freedom of will ", which can be used as a logic starting point. On the contrary, different from Kant's position, Rawls supposes an ordered society, namely civil society constituted by some liberal and equal citizens. Comparatively speaking, Kant' argument has certain transcendental character, and the Rawls' argument endorses some pragmatic background. By means of the advice from others, we will find out that either Kant's or Rawls' way has significance for resolving the problems in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interests-driven competition between provincial governments due to lack of relevant institutional restriction results in obvious disadvantages, such as unbalanced developments and the case that no winner could he found but all competitors failed. The transprovincial governance is therefore suggested to rise above those disadvantages, which will break through the rigid limitation of administrative division efficiently so as to reduce the cost due to competition and make better the interests of each of provincial governments. The regional governance has won initial success in practice. So, it is necessary for extending the transprovincial governance to frame the institutional administration, i.e., accelerating organizationally the transprovincial governance with the roles/regulation relevant to transprovincial governance formulated quickly in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To examine the status of doctors and clinics allocation in public primary and secondary schools across the mainland of China for providing a reference to the formulation of school health strategies. MethodsWith Epidemiological Dynamic Data Collection Platform (EDDC) of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, we conducted a general survey on school doctors and clinics allocation among primary and secondary schools across 30 provincial-level administrative divisions in the mainland of China from October 2019 to February 2020. ResultsAmong the 193 492 public primary and secondary schools surveyed, 33 407 (17.27%) had school doctors and there were 44 881 school doctors providing healthcare services to 155 143 857 students in 2019, with a student-school doctor ratio of 3457 : 1. Of the 66 682 surveyed schools with the total student number of 600 and above, only 1 296 (1.94%) met the national standard (≤ 600 : 1) for the student-school doctor ratio. School clinics were set up in 15.41% (n = 29 809) of all schools surveyed. There were statistical disparities in allocations of part/full time school doctors and school clinics, student-school doctor ratio, proportions of the school doctors taking professional training programs/refresher courses among the schools in different regions and the schools of various types (primary/secondary/vacation school and boarding/non-boarding) (all P < 0.01). ConclusionThere were significant deficits in allocations of school doctors and clinics among primary and secondary schools across China and region- and school type-specific measures should be taken to improve the situation.

Objective: To investigate the effects of modified Dahuang Zhechong Granule (DZG) on the epididymal tissue of varicocele (VC) rats and the expressions of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein., Methods: Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into six groups of an equal number: sham operation, VC model control, aescuven forte (AF) and low-, medium- and high-dose DZG. The VC model was established by ligation of the left renal vein with the Turner's method, followed by intragastrical administration of normal saline to the rats in the sham operation and VC model control groups, AF Tablets at 54 mg/kg to those in the AF group, and modified DZG at 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 g/ml to those in the low-, medium- and high-dose DZG groups respectively, all once daily for 8 weeks. Then, all the animals were sacrificed and their left epididymides harvested for examination of semen quality, observation of local ultrastructural changes, measurement of the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells by Annexin V-FITC, and determination of the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the epididymal tissue by immunohistochemistry., Results: Evident pathological damage was observed in the left epididymal tissue of the VC model controls, with significantly reduced numbers of spermatogenic cells and sperm at all levels, partially destroyed cellular structure, and disappearance of some subcellular structures such as the lysosome, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and cell membrane, which were all improved to some extent in the DZG and AF group. Sperm concentration and motility in the left epididymis were significantly higher in the medium- and high-dose DZG and AF groups than in the VC model controls (P < 0.05), even more significantly in the high-dose DZG than in the AF group (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of spermatogenic cells was markedly higher in the VC model control than in the sham operation group (P < 0.05), but lower in the medium- and high-dose DZG and AF groups than in the VC model controls (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed positive expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins, brown, scattered and with a low luminance of the cells, in the left epididymis tissue of the VC model control rats, but with a significantly higher cell luminance in the high-dose DZG and AF groups., Conclusions: Modified Dahuang Zhechong Granule can effectively repair pathological damage to the epididymis of varicocele rats, increase the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins, antagonize the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and provide a favorable condition for sperm maturation.

The safety of feed derived from genetically modified (GM) crops is one of the focuses of attention. To evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of transgenic mCry1Ac maize (BT799) on fish, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were fed extruded feeds containing either 20% GM maize (GMF) or its parental control maize (PF), GM maize meal (GMM) or its parental control maize meal (PMM), and a control commercial feed (CF), respectively. The growth performance, histopathology, reproduction, antioxidant enzyme activity and mRNA expression levels of sensitive protein in the liver were investigated over the course of a 98-day feeding trial. The results showed that transgenic mCry1Ac maize had no significant effect on growth, histopathology of the liver, brain and intestinal tract, fecundity, hatching rate of fertilized eggs, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity, mRNA expression levels of SOD and CAT, or heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and vitellogenin (VTG) in the liver. However, zebrafish fed the commercial feed exhibited significantly greater weight, longer length, and higher specific growth rate than those fed feeds (GMF and PF) and maize meals (GMM and PMM). The hatching rate of zebrafish in the feed groups was significantly lower than that of the maize meal groups and the commercial feed group. The mRNA transcriptional levels of VTG were significantly higher in the liver for the feed groups (3.85±0.76) than that for the maize meal groups (1.60±0.56). These results suggest that transgenic mCry1Ac maize has no ecotoxicological effects on zebrafish. However, the differences in nutrient composition and palatability between the extruded experimental feeds and the commercial feed would lead to significant diffe-rences in some parameters.

Objective: To investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation(VD) in early pregnancy on the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OH-D) level and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)., Methods: From October to December 2017, a total of 101 pregnant women with high risk factors for GDM were enrolled in the first pregnancy consultation at the nutrition clinic of Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, and were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. The intervention group was supplemented with 700 U VD and 100 mg of calcium at the beginning of pregnancy, and the control group was supplemented with 100 U VD and 100 mg of calcium at the same time, and the intervention time was until delivery., Results: After intervention, the mean serum 25-OH-D level in the intervention group was(92. 08±29. 69) nmol/L, and that in the control group was(69. 99±25. 10) nmol/L. The serum levels of 25-OH-D in the pregnant women, gestational age and cord blood were higher than those in the control group(P<0. 05). The incidence of GDM in the intervention group was 18. 37%, and the incidence rate in the control group was 28. 85%(P>0. 05). Compared with the control group, the OR value of the risk of GDM in the intervention group was 0. 56(95% CI 0. 22-1. 42)( P<0. 05)., Conclusion: The supplementation of VD in early pregnancy can significantly improve the VD nutrition level of pregnant women, but does not significantly reduce the incidence of GDM.

Objective: To have a knowledge of prevalent red blood cell folate concentration in Beijing and analyzes optimum time and dose of folic acid supplement. To provide the basis data for making public health policy and clinical consultation., Methods: This study included 3458 pregnant women who visited nutrition outpatient of the Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Beijing in first trimester. Their last menstrual period is between 1st Feb 2014 and 31 st Jan 2016. Using the method of cross sectional study to collect their demographic information, folic acid supplementation, clinical information and venous blood samples. Competitive binding receptor assay was used for detecting the red blood cell folate concentration., Results: The mean of red blood cell folate concentration was( 806. 5 ± 273. 7) ng/mL. The red blood cell folate concentration differences between age groups were significant( P < 0. 001). Women with graduate and above had higher red blood cell folate concentration than others( P = 0. 030). Women whose family income > 10000 had higher red blood cell folate concentration than other groups( P < 0. 001). Red blood cell folate concentration in summer and autumn higherthan other season( P < 0. 001). Red blood cell folate concentration level increased with folic acid supplementation dose and time. 84. 3% the pregnant women reached 1180nmol/L( 521 ng/mL) and 90. 0% could reach the reference if used 400 μg folic acid supplemented for 16 weeks or ≥600 μg more than 8 weeks., Conclusion: Age, education level and family income are associated with red blood cell folate concentration. Depending on red blood cell folate concentration to advise the time and dose of folic acid supplementation.

Osteoarthritis is a common arthritis disease caused by cartilage tissue damage and degeneration, which is one of the large epidemics that affect human health. The early detection of the pathological changes of articular cartilage can greatly improve the cure rate of disease, but the relevant clinical diagnosis technology has not been developed. In recent years, the applications and researches of terahertz technology are increasingly valued and it has drawn great attention in the field of medicine. Compared with traditional methods, the terahertz radiation is low-energy and non-ionizing whose spectral-fingerprinting capability is well-known in the biological world. Meanwhile, THz technology has a great potential in diagnosis of articular cartilage early degeneration. This paper briefly introduces the physiological and pathological conditions of the articular cartilage, the current clinical techniques of articular cartilage detection. It mainly summarizes the terahertz technology used for detecting articular cartilage, including detection of animal and human cartilage respectively. At last, the challenges and development prospects of terahertz technology in articular cartilage detection are discussed.

Objective: To compare the clinical efficiency of Shang Ring with that of the disposable circumcision suture device (DCSD) in the treatment of phimosis or redundant prepuce., Methods: From June 2013 to March 2015, we treated 320 patients with phimosis or redundant prepuce using Shang Ring (n=158) or DCSD (n=162). We compared the operation time, intra-operative blood loss, incision healing time, postoperative complications, postoperative satisfaction, and treatment cost between the two groups of patients., Results: Comparison between the Shang Ring and DCSD groups showed that the operation time was (5.6±1.3) vs (5.4±1.2) min, intra-operative blood loss (1.2±0.8) vs (1.3±0.9) ml, postoperative delayed hemorrhage 3.16% (5/158) vs 4.32% (7/162), incision healing time (16.1±7.2) vs (7.5±2.3) d, wound infection 15.82% (25/158) vs 7.41% (12/162), 1-month postoperative incision edema 29.11% (46/158) vs 9.26% (15/162), overall postoperative satisfaction rate 63.92% (101/158) vs 90.12% (146/162), and treatment cost (1121.2±15.6) vs (2142.6±10.8) RMB ¥. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the latter five parameters (P<0.05 ), but not in the first three (P>0.05 )., Conclusions: The DSCD has an obvious superiority over Shang Ring for its relatively lower complication rate, shorter incision healing time, and better cosmetic appearance.

Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is one of the effective coherent detection techniques. It has been widely applied in materials, chemistry, biology, security and other fields due to its capabilities such as high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), broadband detection, working at room temperature, time resolved measurement and others. Limited by the spectrum bandwidth of THz radiation and detection techniques, the measuring range of the traditional THz-TDS system is generally less than several THz, thus the spectral information of high frequencies cannot be obtained. In order to expand its application, there is an urgent need for the development of ultra-broadband (≥10 THz) THz-TDS detection techniques. This paper reviews the development and applications of main detection techniques in ultra-broadband THz-TDS. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are also analyzed.

Objective: To study the allelopathy effects of aquatic extracts from rhizospheric soil on the rooting and growth of stem cutting in Pogostemon cablin, and to reveal its mechanism initially., Methods: The changes of rhizogenesis characteristics and physic-biochemical during cutting seedlings were observed when using different concentration of aquatic extracts from rhizospheric soil., Results: Aquatic extracts from rhizospheric soil had significant inhibitory effects on rooting rate, root number, root length, root activity, growth rate of cutting with increasing concentrations of tissue extracts; The chlorophyll content of cutting seedlings were decreased, but content of MDA were increased, and activities of POD, PPO and IAAO in cutting seedlings were affected., Conclusion: Aquatic extracts from rhizospheric soil of Pogostemon cablin have varying degrees of inhibitory effects on the normal rooting and growth of stem cuttings.

Objective: To study the diagnosis and treatment of Corynebacterium aquaticum infection., Methods: A retrospective analysis of one case of Corynebacterium aquaticum infection and literature review were conducted., Results: A 39-year old male patient was admitted because of cough, sputum production, fever and right chest pain for 10 days. Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy had been given in another hospital, but the patient's condition had deteriorated.Nuclear magnetic resonance-guided percutancous transthoracic needle aspiration and lung tissue, pleural fluid and blood culture were performed after admission to our hospital. Corynebacterium aquaticum was grown from the lung tissue, the blood and the pleural effusion. Therefore the diagnosis of Corynebacterium aquaticum pneumonia complicated with pyothorax and septicemia was confirmed. After draining of pleural pus and intravenous vancomycin therapy, the patient recovered and was discharged from hospital. After literature search, we did not find reports on Corynebacterium aquaticum pneumonia complicated with pyothorax and septicemia., Conclusions: Corynebacterium aquaticum pneumonia complicated with pyothorax and septicemia is rare. The diagnosis could be confirmed by bacterial culture of lung tissue, pleural fluid and blood. Thoracic cavity draining and intravenous vancomycin are effective therapies for the disease.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different primers in PCR-DGGE and PCR-RFLP on the analysis of microbial community in activated sludge. 8 pairs of primers were chosen to amplify the variable region of 16S rDNA for PCR-DGGE analysis, while 11 pairs of primers were used to amplify the total length of 16S rDNA for PCR-RFLP analysis. The effect of different primers on the analysis of microbial community in activated sludge was determined by electrophoresis analysis of the PCR products. The microbial community of the activated sludge was different when different primers were used. For PCR-DGGE analysis, the primers B341F/B534R had good amplification results and the bands were excessive; while for PCR-RFLP, the primers 27f/8f and 1500R had good amplification results and the bands digested by the two enzymes had the highest diversity. The primers B341F/B534R and 27f/8f/ 1500R were relatively good for PCR-DGGE and PCR-RFLP, respectively, in the analysis of microbial community in activated sludge.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of preventive medicine for residents living around mosquito breeding water during rest period of malaria by delimiting a certain range., Method: The study adopted the stratified cluster random sampling method to select subjects from 6 counties in the high epidemic area along and north of the Huai River since March 2007. Then the villages of 6 counties were stratified into five levels according to the case reported in year 2006, and one village was randomly selected from each level, thereby 30 villages were selected in total.300-500 subjects were interviewed in each village, and in total 12 860 subjects were recruited in the study. The five selected villages in each county were allocated to three intervention groups according to the block randomization method. The first intervention group included 9 villages, 4362 people; the second intervention group was consisted of 12 villages, 4471 people; the non-intervention group had 9 villages, 4027 people. The basic information of the subjects were collected by questionnaire to analyze the relation between malaria cases and the distribution of the mosquito breeding water, then accordingly delimited the range for preventive medicine. Group 1 received the delimiting preventive medicine treatment, group 2 received routine medicine treatment, while non-treatment group received no treatment. The morbidity, standardized morbidity, net change of morbidity (the D-value of the standardized morbidity before and after the intervention), age-specified incidence, and the protective rate (PR), effectiveness index (IE) and the capture rate of the delimited method group were then calculated., Results: Group 1 had 1219 (27.9%) people taking medicine and Group 2 had 219 (4.9%) people. In 2006, before the prevention conducting, the high incidence aging group in the first, second and nonintervention group was separately people aging 50 - 59, 60 - 69 and ≥ 70 years old; whose incidence was 36.22‰ (18/497), 40.11‰ (15/374) and 34.88‰ (9/258) respectively. After the intervention, the high incidence aging groups in the first and second intervention group changed to the population over 70 years old, with incidence at 9.17‰ (3/327) and 22.01‰ (7/318) respectively; while the high incidence aging groups in the nonintervention group changed to people aging between 30-39 years old, with the rate at 24.88‰ (10/402). In 2006, the morbidity of malaria in the first, second intervention group and nonintervention group was separately 18.78‰ (83/4420), 20.27‰ (93/4587) and 14.61‰ (53/3627); while the standardized incidence was separately 18.85‰, 20.72‰ and 14.89‰. In 2007, after the prevention conducting, the morbidity in the three groups was 2.75‰ (12/4362), 11.63‰ (52/4471) and 12.17‰ (49/4027), respectively; while the standardized incidences was 2.81‰, 12.75‰ and 12.35‰, respectively. The net value of changes of morbidity in the three groups was separately 16.04%, 7.97% and 2.54%. The difference in net values of changes of morbidity between intervention group 1 and 2 had statistical significance (χ(2) = 7.74, P < 0.05). Comparing with the nonintervention group, the PR and IE in intervention group 1 was separately 84.2% and 6.31; while the capture rate was 69.2% (9/13)., Conclusion: The delimiting preventive medicine treatment during rest period of malaria was very effective for eliminating the potential infection source of malaria and reducing the morbidity of malaria.

Objective: To explore the incidence and risk factors of campus violence in Guangzhou., Methods: 2200 college students in three universities in Guangzhou were selected by cluster sampling method and were interviewed with self-designed questionnaire about the incidence and risk factors of campus violence in 2010. The final analysis sample was 2103. Chi-square test was used to analyze the gender, grade and major distribution of campus violence. Logistic regression method was used to analyze the influencing factors of campus violence in bully and victim., Results: The incidence of campus violence in Guangzhou was 69.9% (1471/2103). In boys and girls the incidence of campus violence was 75.6% (830/1098) and 63.8% (641/1005) (χ(2) = 34.82, P < 0.05). The incidence of bully and victim of campus violence was 63.6%(1338/2103) and 55.3% (1163/2103). The incidence of bully and victim in boys was 70.9%(778/1098) and 60.0%(659/1098), and in girls was 55.7% (560/1005) and 50.1% (504/1005) (χ(2)(bully) = 51.93, χ(2)(victim) = 20.68, P < 0.01). The incidence of psychological violence was the highest (68.0%, 1430/2103), followed by sexual violence (34.2%, 719/2103), the incidence of physical violence was the lowest (16.5%, 348/2103). Results of logistic regression showed that boys (OR = 1.60), arts (OR = 1.82), with siblings (OR = 1.31), the living expenses was not enough (basic enough OR = 1.35, not enough OR = 1.54), playing the computer games (OR = 1.70), playing tricks such as sliding plate (OR = 2.03), loving violence program (general OR = 1.30, very like OR = 1.44), mother with gamble behavior (OR = 4.29), father's indulgent education style (OR = 1.60), been bullied by others before high school (OR = 1.61), dissatisfaction to the environment and rules of campus (nothing special feeling OR = 1.67, some dissatisfaction OR = 1.89), been treated badly by primary school teacher (one kind OR = 1.35, two kinds and above OR = 1.90)were the risk factors of bully. Boys (OR = 1.23), minority (OR = 1.71), with siblings (OR = 1.39), bad behavior and habit (OR = 1.32), the bad family economic conditions (general OR = 1.51, difficult OR = 1.88), mother with gamble behavior (OR = 2.33), father's indulgent education style (OR = 1.37), occasional physical punishment by mother (OR = 1.35), been bullied by others before high school (sometimes OR = 1.61, often OR = 1.85), high pressure during the study (a little high OR = 1.37, very high OR = 1.40), dissatisfaction to the environment and rules of campus (some dissatisfaction OR = 1.56, completely dissatisfaction OR = 2.04), been treated badly by primary school teacher (one kind OR = 1.70, two kinds and above OR = 2.04)were the risk factors of being victim., Conclusion: The campus violence in Guangzhou is serious, especially the psychological violence and sexual violence. And the risk factors of campus violence in bully and victim are multifold.

Objective: To investigate the expression of miR-122 and its relationship with progression and development of acute liver failure in mice induced by D-GalN/LPS, and to explore new biomarker(s) for early diagnosis of acute liver failure., Methods: BALB/C mice were randomly divided into four groups: the mice were given D-GalN (900 mg/kg body weight) and LPS (10 micog/kg body weight) intraperitoneally (i.p.) to construct the acute liver model; whereas the control groups were given D-GalN (900 mg/kg), LPS (10 microg/kg) and normal saline respectively. All biochemical and histological indexes were determined at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 h respectively after administration. Real-time RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of miR-122 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, furthermore, the expression of miR-122 was verified by LNA (lock nucleic acid)-Northern-blot. ALT and AST levels were tested by biochemistry analyzer. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were tested by ELISA., Results: The mortality rate was about 80% at 24h after D-GalN/LPS treatment, but no mortality was observed in the other three control groups. Liver special miRNA miR-122 was highly expressed in liver tissue of normal mice (ct is approximately equal to 14), it was up-regulated significantly (P = 0.013) at first hour after treatment then down-regulated according to the development of acute liver failure, the change was more obvious at 9 h (ct is approximately equal to 15, P = 0.002). ALT and AST levels increased obviously at 3h after treatment and reached peak at 7 hours then they were declined sharply. It was found that the expression of miR-122 was faster and more durable than ALT. Pro-inflammatory cytokines related to acute liver failure including TNFa and IL-6 were all up-regulated in serum as well as liver tissue (P less than 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that miR-122 had a negative correlation with ALT (correlation coefficients -0.505) and positive correlations with TNFa and IL-6 (correlation coefficients were 0.493 and 0.674 respectively)., Conclusions: Liver-specific miR-122 supposed be a new marker molecule for early diagnosis of liver cells injury in the acute liver failure.

Objective: To investigate the influence of depsides salts from salvia miltiorrhiza (DSM) on the functions of platelet and vascular endothelial cell in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) patients with acute exacerbation., Methods: Forty patients with severe COPD in acute exacerbation stage were randomly divided into two groups: conventional treatment (CT) group and DSM treatment (DSM) group, each consisting of 20 cases, and 20 healthy adults served as control group. All COPD patients were given conventional treatment, while for the patients in DSM group 0.2 g depsides DSM was given through intravenous drip everyday in addition for 2 weeks. The levels of the plasma platelet membrane glycoprotein 140 (GMP140) and von Willebrand factor (vMF) in the blood samples were determined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the level of CD62P/CD61 with flow cytometry (FCM)., Results: The level of GMP140 [CT group: (17.51+/-2.75) microg/L, DSM group: (16.94+/-2.57) microg/L], vMF [CT group: (13.64+/-2.37) microg/L, DSM group: (14.14+/-2.17) microg/L] and CD62P/CD61 [CT group: (20.24+/-2.64)% , DSM group: (19.54+/-2.69)%] were elevated significantly in severe COPD patients with acute exacerbation compared to the control group before treatment [(11.21+/-1.11)%, (9.25+/-1.80) microg/L, (6.13+/-1.17) microg/L, all P<0.01]. After intervention, the levels of the above three indexes in both treatment groups were significantly decreased, and the decrease in DSM group [GMP140: (3.91+/- 0.57) microg/L , vWF: (3.86+/-0.71) microg/L, CD62P/CD61: (3.69+/-0.62)%] was more prominent than the CT group [GMP140: (2.30+/-0.33) microg/L, vWF: (2.72+/- 0.45) microg/L , CD62P/CD61: (2.24+/-0.45)%, all P<0.01], but they were higher than normal levels., Conclusion: DSM has the effect of inhibiting the activation of vascular endothelial cells and platelet. The medicine may be used to prevent thrombotic diseases.

Objective: To construct the expressing vector of siRNA which can inhibit the Smad3 activity., Methods: Sixty-four bases of 2 pair oligos for hairp in RNA expression which targeted Smad3 gene were chemically synthesized and annealed. pSUPER vector was linearized with BgL II and Hin d III treated with alkaline phosphatase (CIP). Anneled oligos were inserted into the downstream of the treated pSUPER's pol III H1 promoter to construct RNAi plasmid (pSUPER Smad3). Oligos with a scrambled sequence were used as a negative control. pSUPER Smad3 was transfected into human renal tubular epithelial cells (HKC)., Results: Recombinant pSUPER Smad3 vector was identified by the digestion with Eco R I and Hin d III, and confirmed by the sequencing analysis with T3 primer. Sixty-four bases had been inserted into the expected site. Furthermore, the insertion sequence was exactly corrected. The activity evaluation indicated that mRNA and protein of Smad3 but not Smad2 were inhibited by pSUPER Smad3 in HKC., Conclusion: The pSUPER Smad3 system has been constructed successfully, and has high inhibition and specificity in vitro.

Objective: To explore the impact of different warm ischemia time on structure and function of the non-heart-beating donor lung and to find out the feasibility of non-heart-beating donor in rat lung transplantation., Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: heart-beating donor (HBD) group, non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) with 30 minutes of warm ischemia time (WIT) group and NHBD with 60 minutes of WIT group. Each group has 10 pairs (the donors and the recipients). The donor lungs of group HBD were flushed with low potassium dextran (LPD) solution at 4 degrees C after asystolia while the lungs of group NHBD-30 and group NHBD-60 remained ventilated at the room temperature for 30 and 60 minutes after asystolia and then were flushed with LPD solution. All the donor lungs remained inflated when they were stored in LPD solution at 4 degrees C for 4 hours. The recipient rat underwent left thoracotomy, and then orthotopic left lung transplantation. Followed by a right thoracotomy, the right pulmonary hilum were ligated with one-hour reperfusion and ventilation., Results: All the recipients in group HBD and group NHBD-30 survived the observation period of one hour with excellent gas exchange, whereas 4 of recipients in group NHBD-60 survived for 10 minutes after the ligation of right pulmonary hilum and 3 for 20 minutes. The pulmonary compliance, ultrastructure, energy metabolite and other markers revealed no significant differences between group HBD and group NHBD-30 (P > 0.05). But the differences between group NHBD-60 and other two groups were significant (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: The adoption of non-heart-beating donor could be a safe and effective method to expand the lung donor pool. The NHBD lung with 30 minutes of WIT may be suitable for lung transplantation in rat.