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Mung beans are rich in nutrients, but their dense structure and dense cortex lead to long a maturation time and poor edible convenience. To provide an empirical basis and novel ideas for future research on the pre-ripening of mung beans, this review analyzes pre-ripening, specifically focusing on the pre-ripening process of mung beans and the effects of different processing methods on the edible quality and nutritional components of mung beans. Moreover, the development direction of preripening technology of mung beans is also prospected.

Objective: To explore the effects of organic acids on tobacco pH and flue gas pH. Methods: 34 kinds of single-grade tobacco and 11 kinds of finished cigarettes were taken as the research objects, and their non-volatile organic acids, tobacco pH, and the pH of mainstream smoke total particulate matter were measured respectively. Grey correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the correlation between organic acids and pH. Results: The results of grey correlation analysis show that oxalic acid, palmitic acid, malic acid and oleic acid have a relatively large influence on the pH of single-grade tobacco; Palmitic acid, malic acid, linolenic acid and oxalic acid have a relatively large impact on the pH of cigarette cut tobacco; Malic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid and oxalic acid have relatively large effects on the pH of mainstream smoke total particulate matter of the cigarettes. Conclusion: Comprehensive analysis shows that malic acid and oxalic acid have a greater influence on the pH of single-grade tobacco, and malic acid and palmitic acid have a greater influence on the pH of cigarette cut tobacco and the pH of mainstream smoke total particulate matter.

Water governance is an important issue of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and is also an critical guarantee for high-quality development and the Chinese path to modernization. The detailed identification and systematic evaluation of the Chinese path to modernization of water governance is the key work to promote the modernization and sustainable development of China. A comprehensive evaluation system for the Chinese path to modernization of water governance is constructed from the demensions of population, economy, coordination, and ecology under the guideline of the characteristics of the Chinese path to modernization, and the spatial-temporal characteristics of the development of the Chinese path to modernization of water governance are explored by spatial analysis methods based on the provincial-level panel data from 2008 to 2021, and the influencing factors of the Chinese path to modernization of water governance are analyzed by using the grey correlation model. The results show that the development of the Chinese path to modernization of water governance is overall on the rise; The regional heterogeneity of the Chinese path to modernization of water governance is significant, showing a gradient pattern of "high in the east, followed by the middle and low in the west", and the regional gap has an expanding trend. Indicators such as urbanization rate, urban water access rate, urban sewage treatment rate, per capita comprehensive water consumption, total population, proportion of ecological water, and water consumption per 10 000 yuan of industrial added value have the highest correlation with the Chinese path to modernization of water governance. This study suggests that differentiated, targeted and forward-looking development strategies and policies should be formulated for the Chinese path to modernization of water governance for various regions. The western region should further increase the ecological water, and the central region can improve the modern development level of water governance by optimizing the per capita comprehensive water consumption. The research enriches the theoretical system of the Chinese path to modernization, and provides a scientific basis for the development of Chinese water governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As important components of marine organic matters especially of organic nitrogen, amino acids play an important role in organic matter cycles owing to their lability. The concentration, composition, and distribution of amino acids have been widely used to indicate the degradation state of organic matters in particulates and sediments of marine. Here, the distribution, influencing factors of amino acids and their role in indicating degradation of organic matters were systematically summarized. Gly, Glu, Ala, and Asp were the major components of amino acids in marine particulates and sediments. The contents of amino acids in the particles and sediments showed a decreasing tendency from the coastal waters to the open sea, and adecreased with the water depth. The lower value of %AA-C/TOC, %AA-N/TN and degradation index (DI) based on changes in the composition of amino acids indicated the higher degradation degrees of organic matters. The reactivity index (RI) and ratios of D-AA and L-AA (D/L) based on non-protein amino acids and D-AA were used to indicate the degradation of organic matter according to the bacterial transformation of amino acids, in which RI value closer to 0, higher D/L, and lower ratios of protein amino acids to non-protein amino acids (Asp/β-Ala and Glu/γ-Aba) indicated the higher degree of degradation in organic matters. The migration and transformation of amino acid were mainly affected by dissolved oxygen, nutrient concentrations, sources of organic matter, depositional environments and microbial activities. Further studies should focus on the synergistic effects of particles and sediments, and also the effects and the specific regulatory roles of microorganisms on amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and indication of condylectomy for treatment of comminuted fractures of the condyle above the neck. METHODS: Sixty-one patients with condylar fractures, treated between September 2007 and September 2011 were reviewed respectively. Among them, 30 underwent open reduction and internal fixation, 15 underwent conservative therapy, and 16 patients (18 sides) who had comminuted fractures of the condyle above the neck underwent condylectomy. All the patients were followed up for 5 to 48 months after treatment to evaluate the outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 16 patients with condylectomy, poor wound healing due to rejection of hemostatic gauze was noted in 1 patient, occlusal deviation occurred in 1 patient, mild mouth opening limitation happened in 1 patient, and anterior open bite was present in 1 patient. The other patients recovered well, without apparent discomfort, malocclusion and facial asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with finished maxillofacial growth, condylectomy is a feasible and effective way for management of comminuted fractures of the condyle above the neck. Postoperative occlusal deviation, open bite and limited mouth opening can be corrected with further expectant treatment. Supported by Science and Technology Initiation Fund of Lishui People's Hospital(2012MY12). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planetary gear set is the critical component of helicopter main transmission system, thus the quantitative detection of planetary gear set is a challenge for condition monitoring of helicopter. A novel approach to detect scuffing damage quantitatively in 2K-H planetary gear set is presented, which is based on the physical model and grey relational analysis of grey theory. Aiming at 2K-H planetary gear set, the physical model of sun gear scuffing damage is developed, and then the simulation signals of scuffing with different level severity are obtained. After that, the feature vectors extracted based on simulation signal are utilized as the standard damage mode of grey relational analysis. Based on the grey relational grade calculated by a grey relational analysis algorithm, the scuffing damage of sun gear in 2K-H planetary gear set is detected quantitatively. Finally, damage seeded tests are carried out on the fault simulation test rig of helicopter transmission system, and the proposed methodology is validated by the test data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: Candida albicans is one of the main opportunistic pathogen for human, the aim of this study is to investigate the phenomena of apoptosis in oral Candida albicans induced by acetic acid. METHODS: The Candida albicans of clinical strains were induced to apoptosis by using a weak acid acetic acid. The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and TEM. The data were processed for Chi-square test using SPSS11.5 software package. RESULTS: Oral Candida albicans had classic apoptosis when induced by proper concentration of acetic acid, and different concentrations of acetic acid had variable ability of inducing apoplosis of Candida albicans. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis can be detected in clinical strains of Candida albicans, the mechanism of apoptosis needs further research for the purpose of developing new antifungal drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comprehensive comparative study of expansion rate of B2F tobacco, the structure and the quality of expanded tobacco from three areas including Xiang county in He'nan, Zunyi in Guizhou and Chuxiong in Yunnan was carried out. The results showed that steam expansion technique was particularly suitable for the treatment of upper leaves, improving the filling ability of upper leaves and getting rid of odor and irritation, so that the excellent quality characteristics of upper leaves fully reflected. The process of steam expansion technique, it could increase the mature aroma of tobacco smoke, reduce local hybrid gas and lift flue gas concentrations. It had good compatibility with conventional treatment process of tobacco. The results showed that the tobacco from Chuxiong area was more suitable for steam expansion tobacco technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turn-milling developed in recent years is one of advanced cutting technologies. A series of orthogonal turn-milling aluminum alloy cutting experiments were conducted by adopting orthogonal experimental method. The relationship between turn-milling regimes and the machined surface roughness was ascertained. The primary and secondary order of cutting regimes impacting the surface roughness was confirmed through variance analysis in orthogonal experiments, and the rotate speeds of cutter and workpiece greatly influenced the surface roughness. A predictive model for surface roughness was established through regression analysis. Statistical test results indicate that the established predictive model is in highly notable test status and has high reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical treatment effect of bruxism by using group functional occlusion splint and canine protect occlusion splint. METHODS: Group functional occlusion splint and canine protect occlusion splint were made, the patients were asked to wear the splint during night, the clinical effect was evaluated and compared using SPSS10.0 software package for Chi-square test. RESULTS : The successful rate of treatment of bruxism was 79.16% in group functional occlusion splint, while the successful rate of treatment of bruxism was 83.33% in canine protect occlusion splint. CONCLUSION : Two kinds of occlusion splints have similar curative effect for bruxism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ameloblastoma mainly occurs in the mandible, rarely seen in the soft tissues. This paper reported 1 case of mandibular gingival peripheral ameloblastoma, and discussed its treatment based on literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of the thermal evolution of aromatic maturity parameters, such as methyl phenanthrene, alkylated dibenzothiophene, dehydroxy-tocopherol and triaromatic-sterane series compounds are discussed on the basis of molecular organic geochemistry and GC-MS analysis of the source rocks in the Dongling area of the Songliao Basin. The distribution characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbon chromatography, the methyl phenanthrene index (MPI), the ratio of β/γ dehydroxy-tocopherol, 4-/1-MDBT, 4,6-/1,4-DMDBT, TASC27 (20R)/C28 (20R), the content of the triaromatic-sterane series and vitrinite reflectance measurements all suggest that the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation source rock is in the middle stage of maturity, whereas the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation and the Upper Jurassic Huoshiling Formation source rocks have reached a high maturity stage.

Objective: To observe the effect of Qiang Jin exercises on the muscle strength and activity of lumbar spine in patients with lumbar disc herniation., Methods: From March 2016 to September 2017, at the Department of Orthopaedics, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, a total of 110 subjects were enrolled, and 98 eligible subjects were screened. The subjects were randomized by stratified randomization and divided into experimental group and control group, 49 cases in each group, 25 males and 24 females in the experimental group, 25 males and 24 females in the control group. The experimental group exercised with Qiang Jin exercises, one time each morning and evening, each time10 sets were made;the control group used classic rehabilitation training, training twice a week, and three months was a course of treatment. After 12 weeks of training, the muscle strength and activity of the lumbar spine were evaluated and compared with the muscle strength and activity of the lumbar spine before training., Results: The experimental group and the control group had different muscle strength and activity of the lumbar spine before and after treatment ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups after treatment( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Qiang Jin exercises can effectively improve the muscle strength and activity of the lumbar spine and improve the daily living ability of patients.

Objective: To compare the degeneration of lumbosacral multifidus muscle in patients with lumbar disc herniation., Methods: Thirty-five healthy volunteers and 35 patients with unilateral L 4,5 lumbar disc herniation from December 2015 to September 2017 were recruited. There were 20 males and 15 females in each group, aged from 25 to 55 years old. In healthy volunteers group, the mean age was (35.66±8.73) years old and the BMI was (21.85±1.94) kg /m 2 . In patients with lumbar disc herniation, the mean age was (36.09±7.70) years old, the BMI was (21.50±1.78) kg /m 2 , the VAS score was 4.40±0.88, the course of disease was (11.20±7.14) months. Surface electromyography analysis was performed on the multifidus muscle of the two groups. The average myoelectric amplitude of the multifidus muscle in the two groups were compared., Results: The average myoelectric amplitude of the multifidus muscle of healthy volunteers was (48.84±7.77) µV on the left and (49.13±7.86) µV on the right. There was no significant difference between the two sides ( P >0.05). The average myoelectric amplitude of multifidus muscle in patients with lumbar disc herniation was(48.82±8.14) µV on the healthy side and (42.81±7.00) µV on the affected side, and the difference was statistically significant between two sides( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the average myoelectric amplitude of multifidus muscle between the healthy side of lumbar disc herniation and on the left of healthy volunteers, or between the healthy side of lumbar disc herniation and on the right of healthy volunteers ( P >0.05). There was significant difference in the average myoelectric amplitude of multifidus muscle between the affected side of lumbar disc herniation and on the left of healthy volunteers, and also between the affected side of lumbar disc herniation and on the right of healthy volunteers( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Patients with chronic lumbar disc herniation have an imbalance in myoelectric activity, and the muscle strength of the multifidus muscle on the affected side is significantly reduced.

Objective: To study the protective effects of azithromycin on renal damage induced by doxorubicin and albumin in mice., Methods: Forty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank control group (Ctrl group), renal damage model group (ADR+BSA group), azithromycin treated group (Azm group) and prednisone acetate positive control group (Pdn group) in accordance with random number table method. Mice in ADR+BSA, AZM and Pdn group were injected intravenously with 9.8 kg -1 doxorubicin five days a week, 10 kg -1 serum albumin was injected intraperitoneally, and normal saline was administered to the control group for 4 weeks to establish renal damage model. After that, AZM group was given daily. 62.5 kg -1 azithromycin was intragastrically administered. The Pdn group was given 12.5 kg -1 prednisone acetate daily, the other two groups were given the same amount of normal saline. After 6 weeks, the urine volume was collected and recorded for 24 hours to detected urine protein amount and endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr). Serum biochemical indicators and serum immune factors were detected., Results: Compared with the Ctrl group, the 24 h urine protein level of the ADR+BSA group was increased significantly (P＜0.05), and the Ccr was decreased significantly (P＜0.05). After the azithromycin treatment, the 24 h urine protein was decreased significantly (P＜0.05), while the Ccr was increased significantly (P＜0.05) compared with ADR+BSA group., Conclusion: Azithromycin has a protective effects on the renal damage induced by doxorubicin and albumin in mice.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on hypercapnic encephalopathy syndrome (HES) induced by acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD)., Methods: An extensive search of related literature from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CNKI and Wanfang databases up to January 2015 was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case control studies regarding comparison of the effect of NIV and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) on the HES were collected. Critical appraisal skills program (CASP) was adopted to assess the quality of the studies. Data including mortality, trachea intubation rate, duration of mechanical ventilation and complication rate were collected, and Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3., Results: Finally, 6 studies were included with 225 subjects, among whom 112 were in NIV group and 113 in CMV group, and the average Kelly-Matthay score was 3. Compared with CMV group, the mortality [20.5% (23/112) vs. 32.7% (37/113), risk ratio (RR) = 0.63, 95% confidential interval (95%CI) = 0.40-0.98, P = 0.04], intubation rate [35.7% (40/112) vs. 100.0% (113/113), RR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.26-0.55, P < 0.000?01], incidence of ventilation related complications [26.2% (21/80) vs. 50.6% (42/83), RR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.34-0.79, P = 0.002] in NIV group were significantly decreased, and the duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly shortened [days: 7.1 vs. 16.2, standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.93, 95%CI = -1.39 to -0.46, P < 0.000?1]., Conclusions: NIV could significantly lower the mortality rate, intubation rate, and complications in the treatment of HES induced by AECOPD under close monitoring.

Objective: To explore the effect of lung strain on pulmonary edema in dogs with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) preliminarily., Methods: Twenty dogs were recruited to induct ARDS models by venous injection of oleic acid and grouped into Group S1.0, S1.5, S2.0, S2.5 randomly, the lung strain was previously designated as 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 for each group. The ventilation was used to support the dogs for 24 hours with tidal volume calculated from lung strain, functional residual capacity and the volume recruitment by positive end expiratory pressure. Extra vascular lung water index (EVLWI) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) were tested by thermodilution technique and wet to dry ratio of lung tissue was evaluated by weighing method., Results: The tidal volume of Group S1.0, S1.5, S2.0, S2.5 was (7.5 ± 1.7), (13.9 ± 5.8), (17.9 ± 4.7) and (20.3 ± 7.9) ml/kg, respectively. After ventilation for 4 h, EVLWI in Group S2.0 and Group S2.5 were higher than them in Group S1.0 and Group S1.5 ((38.9 ± 6.5), (40.1 ± 7.7) vs (26.6 ± 5.2), (28.8 ± 5.4) ml/kg; F = 5.627, P = 0.009). At the end of study, PVPI of Group S2.5 increased significantly versus Group S1.0, S1.5 and S2.0 (16.7 ± 5.4 vs 7.0 ± 2.3, 9.2 ± 2.2, 11.5 ± 6.0; F = 4.329, P = 0.022). Wet to dry ratios of lung tissue in Group S2.0 and Group S2.5 were significantly higher than Group S1.0 and Group S1.5 (10.4 ± 1.2, 10.8 ± 1.5 vs 8.3 ± 1.2, 8.0 ± 2.2; F = 5.627, P = 0.009) after ventilation., Conclusion: Lung strain above 2.0 aggravates pulmonary edema dramatically and the effect might be slight if lung strain was smaller than 1.5.

Objective: To explore the accuracy, precision and repeatability of bedside real-time concentration monitoring via helium dilution (RHe) in ventilated dogs with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)., Methods: Functional residual capacity (FRC) measurements were performed with computer tomography (FRCCT) and RHe (FRCRHe) in 18 adult male beagle dogs. Blood gas analysis was conducted for baseline, post-lung injury and end-of-experiment. Vital signs were monitored continuously. And the differences were compared between two techniques and repeated FRCRHes., Results: For healthy lungs, FRCCT and FRCRHe were linearly correlated (R² = 0.89, P < 0.0001). Bias between FRCRHe and FRCCT was 6.3 ± 27.6 ml (1.5% ± 7.1%) with 95% confidence interval limits of -47.7 and 60.3 ml respectively. For ARDS lung, FRCRHe = 0.693 × FRCCT + 66.4 (R² = 0.507, P < 0.00 1). Bias between FRCRHe and FRCCT was 7.9 ± 271 ml (4.5% ± 13.6%) with 95% confidence interval limits of -45.3 and 61.1 ml respectively. And the differences of repeated FRCRHes were -0.1% ± 5.8% and 0.2% ± 9% in normal and ARDS lungs respectively., Conclusion: The technique of bedside RHe may be used for measuring FRC with excellent accuracy, precision and repeatability.

To demonstrate the current strategies for treating cartilage defects of knees and the related research. Published papers about cartilage defects were searched and reviewed. The current strategies for the treatment were summarized. Based on the research of our study and others, the conclusion how to treat cartilage defects was made. The current ways for treating cartilage defects include micro-fractures, chondrocytes transplantation, mosaicplasty and tissue engineering; Research on functional magnetic resonance imaging in the early diagnosis of cartilage defects, cartilage degeneration is gradually increasing. There is still no effective treatment of cartilage defects and tissue engineering has brought new hopes for the treatment of cartilage defects , functional magnetic resonance imaging has some significance in early diagnosis of cartilage defects, cartilage degeneration.

Objective: To explore the major influencing factors for asthmatics with anxiety and depression., Methods: A total of 176 physician-diagnosed asthmatics were confirmed from March 2011 to March 2012 at First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. And 144 were finally screened to examine their demographic characteristics and clinical features. Their status of anxiety and depression and the levels of control were evaluated with the scores of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depressive scale (SDS) and asthma control test (ACT). Firstly, asthma with anxiety and asthma with depression as a dependent variable, general demographics and clinical characteristics as independent variables, single-factor analysis revealed the relevant factors of asthma with anxiety and depression; secondly, multi-variable Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the major influencing factors of anxiety and depression in asthmatics based on the relevant factors as independent variables., Results: Multiple variables Logistic regression showed that residing place (rural vs city/town, OR = 0.28); control levels (partly controlled vs uncontrolled, OR = 0.22; control vs non-control, OR = 0.10); severity (secondary vs first level, OR = 1.42; third vs first level, OR = 2.32; forth vs first level, OR = 3.12) were the major influencing factors of anxiety (all P < 0.05). Meanwhile, age (31-45 vs ≤ 30 years, OR = 11.35; >45 vs ≤ 30 years, OR = 18.73); level of education (junior high vs primary school and below, OR = 3.30; high/secondary vs primary school and below, OR = 3.52; college and above vs primary school and below, OR = 3.60), medical history (1-3 years vs <1 year, OR = 2.68; >3 years vs <1 year, OR = 3.01); control levels (partial control vs uncontrolled, OR = 0.25; controlled vs uncontrol, OR = 0.18) were the major influencing factors of depression (all P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Rural dwelling, poorly controlled and severe asthmatics are more likely to associate with anxiety. And depression moods are more common in those with an elder age, a long course of disease, higher education and poor control.

Objective: To detect the anxiety and depression status of BALB/c asthmatic model in mice., Methods: A total of 20 mice were randomly divided into asthma and control groups (n = 10 each). The animals were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin for asthmatic model. Phosphate buffer solution was used in the control group. The mice were challenged with increasing concentrations of methacholine aerosol and the airway resistance was measuring non-invasively by enhanced pause (Penh). And elevated plus maze test system and forced swim were employed to evaluate their anxiety and depression status. Then bronchoalveolar lavage cytology was detected for evaluating the airway inflammation., Results: In both groups, Penh value increased with the rising concentration of methacholine. The Penh values of asthmatic mice exciting with normal saline and methacholine concentration of 0, 5 g/L were 0.43 ± 0.04, 0.41 ± 0.05 and 0.44 ± 0.04 versus 0.42 ± 0.03, 0.39 ± 0.03,0.43 ± 0.04 in control group. The difference had no statistical significance (P = 0.290,0.652,0.723). At the concentration of methacholine 10, 15, 20 g/L, the Penh values of asthmatic mice were 0.57 ± 0.03,0.85 ± 0.04, 1.57 ± 0.08 and they were significantly higher than those of control group (0.45 ± 0.08,0.57 ± 0.06,0.82 ± 0.09) (P = 0.001,0.000,0.000). Asthmatic mice in the elevated plus maze on a behavioral test and found that asthmatic mice open arm entries sum closed arm entries (OE+CE), percent of open arm/total entries (OE%) and percent of open arm/total time (OT%) was (18.3 ± 3.6) times, (22.2 ± 3.1)%, (16.7 ± 4.2)%. They were significantly lower than those of control group ((24.0 ± 2.9) times,(28.0 ± 3.4)%, (21.8 ± 4.6)%) (P = 0.001,0.001,0.019). Asthmatic mice swimming time was significantly higher than that of control group (147 ± 12) vs (133 ± 10) s (P = 0.010). The total number of cells and eosinophil ratio in asthma group was (10.0 ± 4.0)×10(5)/ml and (68.18 ± 3.76)%. And they were significantly larger than those of control group ((1.7 ± 0.4)× 10(5)/ml, (0.12 ± 0.07)%) (both P = 0.000)., Conclusion: Asthmatic mice with concurrent anxiety and depression may be a model for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of asthma with anxiety and depression.

Objective: To explore the relationship between psychological status of depression and anxiety and asthma control., Methods: A total of 144 definite physician-diagnosed asthmatics at First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University from March 2011 to March 2012 were evaluated with the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depressive scale (SDS). And 85 healthy subjects were selected as the controls and evaluated by the asthma control test (ACT). The incidence of anxiety and depression and scores of SAS and SDS was compared between the asthma group and health controls. The relationship was analyzed between the scores of ACT and SAS or SDS respectively. The subjects were divided into anxiety, non-anxiety, depression and non-depression groups according to the scores of SAS and SDS. The inter-group differences in ACT scores were compared. According to the asthma control test scale, the asthmatics were divided into the control, non-control and partial control groups. And the inter-group differences in the scores of SAS and SDS were compared., Results: Anxiety (20.1%) and depression (35.4%) was more common in asthmatics than healthy controls (both P < 0.01). Scores of SAS (40.8 ± 8.1) and SDS (44.9 ± 9.1) in physician-diagnosed asthmatics were higher than the controls and general community (both P < 0.01). Scores of ACT in non-anxiety group (18.6 ± 4.4) were higher than those in anxiety group, higher in non-depression group (18.5 ± 4.6) than depression group (both P < 0.01). Scores of SAS (control group: 33.6 ± 4.3, non-control group: 43.7 ± 7.8 and partial control group: 37.6 ± 7.1) and SDS (control group: 35.1 ± 6.7, non-control group: 47.2 ± 9.7 and partial control group: 43.3 ± 6.6) in physician-diagnosed asthmatics varied among different control levels (both P < 0.01). The anxiety, depression scores and ACT scores were negatively correlated in asthmatics (r = 0.52 and 0.23, both P < 0.01). With the rising scores of SAS and SDS, ACT score decreases (b = -0.29 and -0.12, both P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Anxiety and depression moods are more common in asthmatics than healthy controls. The worse asthma control, the more severity of anxiety and depression, and vice versa.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the sputum levels of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and airway inflammation in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients., Methods: A total of 57 patients with persistent asthma [per Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines], 30 patients with stable COPD [stratified by Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD) status] and 20 control subjects were recruited. After completing an asthma control questionnaire, spirometry was performed before sputum induction. The ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1))/predictive value (FEV(1)%Pre) and neutrophil differential count in induced sputum were recorded. The concentrations of HMGB1 in the supernatant of sputum were measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)., Results: The sputum concentrations of HMGB1 in the asthmatics and COPD patients were significantly higher than those of the control subjects [(291 ± 55) and (511 ± 39) vs (61 ± 5) ng/L, all P < 0.01]. And they were significantly negatively correlated with FEV(1)%Pre in all subjects. The levels of HMGB1 in induced sputum of COPD patients were significantly higher than those of asthmatics and healthy controls (P < 0.01). No significant difference existed in the levels of HMGB1 between patients with eosinophilic and noneosinophilic asthma [(290 ± 55) vs (292 ± 54) ng/L, P > 0.05]. The HMGB1 levels with COPD stage II and stage III were significantly higher than those with stage I [(526 ± 29) and (541 ± 29) vs (471 ± 18) ng/L]. The differences of sputum neutrophil percentage were statistically significant in mild, moderate and severe asthma [(27 ± 2)%, (36 ± 4)%, (49 ± 4)%]. And the sputum levels of HMGB1 were significantly higher in the patients with moderate and severe asthma [(312 ± 14) vs (347 ± 11) ng/L]. And the levels of HMGB1 in asthmatic and COPD patients were positively correlated with neutrophil percentage. According to the multivariate analysis, neutrophil percentage and FEV(1)%Pre were independent predictors of sputum HMGB1, but not smoking, age, gender and eosinophilic percentage., Conclusion: HMGB1 may contribute to airway inflammation through its higher expression in bronchial asthma and COPD patients.

Objective: To explore the effects of oncogene protein v-akt-siRNA on the sensitivity of human lung cancer cell line NCI-H446 to cisplatin and drug resistance proteins in human lung cancer cells., Methods: The small interfering siRNA expression vector targeting Akt2 gene (siAkt2) was constructed. And the NCI-H446 cells were transfected with negative control vector or siRNA vector. The expressions of Akt2-mRNA and lung resistance-related protein (LRP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry respectively. NCI-H446 and transfected cells were treated by cisplatin for 24 h. The cell proliferation was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and cell apoptotic rate detected by flow cytometry., Results: Akt2-mRNA decreased significantly in the transfected NCI-H446 cells versus the non-transfection group. And the expressions of LRP and P-gp proteins decreased significantly in the transfection group versus the control group (P < 0.01). The cell proliferation rate decreased from (60.2 ± 2.8)% to (34.7 ± 2.6)% (P < 0.01). The cell apoptotic rate increased from (19.3 ± 1.6)% to (38.8 ± 1.2)% after a therapy of cisplatin (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The siRNA targeting Akt2 can decrease the Akt2 expression, increase the chemotherapeutic sensitivity to cisplatin and partially reverse the cisplatin resistance of NCI-H446. The mechanism may be through the lowered expressions of LRP and P-gp.

Objective: To discuss the regulating mechanism of iron regulatory protein-2 (IRP2) in the iron metabolism of lung cancer., Methods: The cultured A549 cells were divided into 3 groups: liposome group (including liposomes 20 mg/L), random oligonucleotide group (SCODN group) and antisense oligonucleotide group (ASODN group). And the liposome-mediated transfection was employed with the liposome and SCODN groups as controls. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to examine the mRNA and protein expressions of iron metabolism-related transferring (Tf), transferrin receptor (TfR) and ferritin (Fn) genes, etc., Results: After a 48-hour transfection, the mRNA expression of Tf had no statistically significant difference among three groups (F = 2.18, P = 0.078); the mRNA expression of TfR in the ASODN group was significantly lower than that in the liposome and SCODN groups (P < 0.05). The expression of Fn mRNA in the ASODN group (0.56 ± 0.06) was higher than that in the liposome (0.36 ± 0.05) and SCODN groups (0.39 ± 0.03) (P < 0.05). After a 48-hour transfection, the IRP2 protein expression of the ASODN group was significantly lower than those of the liposome and SCODN groups (P < 0.05). The Tf protein expression was not statistically different in three groups (F = 2.67, P = 0.088). The TfR protein expression of the ASODN group was lower than those of the liposome and SCODN groups (P < 0.05). And the Fn protein expression of the ASODN group was higher than those of the liposome and SCODN groups (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: IRP2 may affect the expressions of TfR and Fn in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by changing the amount of protein and regulating the iron metabolism.

Objective: To explore the relationship between HMGB1 (high mobility group box-1) protein and receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) and the nosogenesis and severity of bronchial asthma., Methods: Based on the criteria, the asthma group included 64 acute-onset asthma patients while the control group had 20 healthy cases. The asthma group received a 4-week combination inhalation therapy of budesonide and formoterol. Lung functions and induced sputum examinations were conducted before and after treatment. The percentage of a second forced expiratory volume in the predicted value (FEV(1)%) was recorded. A differential count of neutrophilic leukocyte in reduced sputum was performed. And the sputum levels of HMGB1 and RAGE were detected by ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)., Results: Prior to treatment, the neutrophilic leukocyte percentage and the levels of HMGB1 and RAGE were all higher than those of control group (P < 0.01). The induced sputum of severe asthma patients had higher levels of neutrophilic leukocyte percentage and HMGB1 than those of mild cases (P < 0.01). But the level of RAGE showed no statistical significance among mild, moderate or severe asthma cases (P > 0.05). The post-treatment levels of neutrophilic leukocyte percentage, HMGB1 and RAGE were lower as compared with the pre-treatment ones (P < 0.01). These three parameters in uncontrolled cases were higher than those in completely controlled cases (P < 0.05); in asthma group, both HMGB1 and RAGE had a negative correlation with FEV(1)% (r = -0.830, r = -0.632, P < 0.01); in induced sputum, both HMGB1 and RAGE had a positive correlation with FEV(1)% (r = 0.820, r = 0.623, P < 0.01). The levels of HMGB1 and RAGE were positively correlated (r = 0.929, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Both HMGB1 and RAGE participate in the inflammatory process of asthmatic airway. HMGB1 is correlated with the severity of asthma. And the levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in induced sputum may be employed as reference indices for the observation of therapeutic effects.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of postoperative intraportally administration of insulin on hepatic regeneration in adult patients underwent living donor right lobe liver transplantation (LDLT)., Methods: From July 2005 to September 2007, 15 right lobe LDLT adult recipients voluntarily receiving posttransplant intraportal insulin administration, without postoperative vascular and bile duct complications, without immune rejection, with more than 1 month survival and complete clinical data were enrolled in this study as intraportal insulin-therapy group (Group I). Another consecutive 15 right lobe LDLT adult recipients meeting the upwards referred criteria were enrolled in as non-insulin-therapy control group (Group NI). Recipients in Group I were treated postoperatively with intraportal insulin infusion, as follows: a 18-gauge catheter was inserted into right gastro-omental vein during surgery, regular insulin was administered just after the operation at the rate of 2 units/hour for 7 days. Liver function and serum insulin level were measured at before-operative day 1, postoperative day (POD) 7 and 30. Graft volume (GV) were measured during operation, and at POD 7 and 30., Results: The rate defined as ratio of POD 7 GV/operation GV in Group I was higher than that of Group NI [(186.1 +/- 35.4)% vs. (160.6 +/- 22.1)%, P < 0.05]. The rate defined as ratio of POD 7 GRWR/operation GRWR was also higher in Group I than Group NI [(179.0 +/- 35.8) % vs. (156.6 +/- 18.5%, P < 0.05], whereas significant differences were not appeared between two groups in terms of regeneration rates at POD 30. Serum levels of total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in Group I were lower than that in Group NI at POD 7 (P < 0.05). Significant differences were not presented between two groups in terms of post-transplant serum insulin levels and total insulin dosage by subcutaneous administration and venous injection (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: These results suggest that intraportal insulin administration could augment liver graft regeneration during the first postoperative week.

Objective: To discuss the techniques for excision and reconstruction of anomalous portal venous branches (APVB) in adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation (A-A RL LDLT)., Methods: From February 2002 to April 2007, 70 cases of A-A RL LDLT were performed. Preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography of the donor revealed the configurations of hepatic artery, portal vein and hepatic vein. Nine donors had anomalous portal venous branching (APVB). The APVB were type II (trifurcation) in 7 cases and type III in two. Except the excision of APVB with a common opening by a narrow bridge of main portal vein tissue in one type II donor, all the right APVB were transected on the principal of donor priority: right APVB being excised approximately 2-3 mm from the confluence while leaving the donor's portal vein intact. In type II APVB, the donor portal venous branches were transected with separate two openings and reconstructed as double anastomoses in 4 cases, with separate two openings joined as a common orifice at the back table and reconstructed as single anastomoses in 2 cases, and with one common opening with narrow-bridge of tissue and reconstructed as single anastomoses in 1 case. In type III APVB, the APVB were transected with separate two openings and were reconstructed by double anastomoses in 1 case and by a new technique named U-shaped vein graft interposition in the another one., Results: There were no vascular complications such as portal vein stricture or thrombosis, hepatic artery stricture or thrombosis and hepatic vein outflow stricture in all 9 recipients transplanted with grafts with APVB. Only the type II APVB donor undergoing a excision of APVB with a common opening by a narrow bridge of main portal vein tissue developed portal vein thrombosis on the third postoperative day and underwent thrombectomy followed by repair with vein patch plasty. The velocity of blood flow in the U-graft was normal., Conclusions: It is feasible and safe of APVB excision on the principal of donor priority and reconstruction including double anastomoses and the novel U-graft interposition in A-A RL LDLT, and has a good outcome without increasing the management difficulty.