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Objective In the actual metro construction, it is often necessary to lay turnouts on large-slope sections due to planning and construction constraints, land conservation or topographical limitations. However, it is found through practical application that the large-slope turnout structure leads to poor train stability and ride comfort during operation, thus an investigation on the factors influencing vehicle passing performance through large-slope metro turnouts is required. Method Based on multi-body dynamics theory, using simulation analysis software and taking the No.9 turnout installed on a 30‰ slope as research object, a coupled vehicle-turnout multi-body dynamics model is established. The dynamics performance indicators (including wheel-rail interaction, safety indicators, and stability indicators) of single vehicle passing through large-slope turnout at different operating speeds and friction coefficients are compared，aiming to analyze the impact of various factors on the vehicle passing performance through large-slope metro turnouts. Result & Conclusion It is revealed through simulation research that the impact of operating speed on wheel-rail interaction, stability indicators, and safety indicators is independent of the slope direction during vehicle passing turnouts. When a vehicle passes through turnouts on uphill and downhill slopes, the influence trends of operating speed on the dynamics indicators are consistent, with a more significant impact when going downhill; the friction coefficient greatly affects the wheel-rail dynamic interaction and the vehicle lateral acceleration. As the friction coefficient increases, the wheel-rail interaction force decreases, the carbody vertical acceleration shows no significant change, and the lateral acceleration increases significantly, with a more pronounced effect when going downhill. Therefore, certain strengthening and protective measures should be taken when vehicle going downhill.

Objective When turnouts are laid on slope, the longitudinal force increase on the track due to the cyclic braking of trains will cause uneven rail creeping phenomena， resulting in a more complex stress and deformation pattern for the turnout, and even affecting its normal service. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of stress and deformation of large-slope turnout rails under cyclic braking loads. Method Tests on fastener longitudinal resistance under CLA (cycling loads action) are conducted, and a non-linear finite element model of the No.9 turnout is established to analyze the turnout rail creeping pattern under CLA. Result & Conclusion The fastener system exhibits resistance degradation under CLA. The maximum creep of the turnout rail occurs after the first train braking. Under CLA, the cumulative increase in rail creeping gradually stabilizes with the increasing number of CLA. The presence of slope will significantly increase rail creeping amount under CLA. The train loading form has minimal influence on turnout rail creeping under cycling braking loads action.

[ Objective ] VQ proteins are plant-specific proteins with the conserved VQ motifs ( Fxxh- VQxhTG ), which play an important role in plant growth and development as well as in response to abiotic stresses. The role of the VQ gene family in litchi ( Litchi chinensis ) had not been systematically studied. We identified the LcVQ gene family members as well as their expression patterns in different tissues of ly- chee and their responses to abiotic stresses. This laid a foundation for studying its stress-resistant mecha- nism. [ Methods ] The sequences of LcVQ genes were obtained from the L . chinensis genome using bioin- formatics methods , and their physicochemical properties , subcellular localizations , gene structures , and conserved motifs were analyzed ; a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 6.0 to analyze the phy- logenetic relationships of the VQ proteins in L . chinensis , Arabidopsis , and Oryza sativa ; the responses to various abiotic stresses were verified by the quantitative real-time PCR ( qRT-PCR ) . [ Results ] A total of 18 LcVQ genes were identified from L . chinensis genome , named as LcVQ1 - 18 , which were clustered into 9 subgroups. They were widely distributed on 11 of 15 chromosomes of lychee. The amino acid num- bers of LcVQ proteins were ranged from 111 to 427 , and molecular weights from 12.48 kD to 45.49 kD. Subcellular localizations showed that except for LcVQ15 and LcVQ17 were localized at the cytoplasm , all other LcVQ proteins were localized at the nucleus. The LcVQ promoters contained a large number of growth and development , plant hormone , and stress-responsiveness related response elements. The LcVQ genes expression was varied at different tissues , which was divided into universal expression and specific expression. Under the treatment of low temperature , high temperature , drought , and salt stress , we found that 4 , 3 , 3 , and 4 LcVQ genes were significantly up-regulated at 3 hours of treatment , respective- ly , indicating that these genes could respond to the abiotic stresses. [ Conclusion ] There are 18 VQ mem- bers in the L . chinensis genome with typical VQ binding domains and participate in different stress re- sponses.

We report a case of a young female patient with fatigue, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia. She had past-history of diabetes mellitus, and was admitted to hospital with a history of fatigue and hypokalemia for 5 years. The patient's examination indicated hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria, and SLC12A3 gene pathogenic mutation. The diagnosis was Gitelman syndrome. Potassium and magnesium supplements were given to improve the patient's fatigue. Serum potassium and magnesium were normal. The blood glucose reached standard after treatment with oral hypoglycemic drugs. This article incorporates literature review to sort out the diagnosis and treatment of Gitelman syndrome, in order to provide feasible reference for clinicians.

Objective To summarize the characteristics of cognitive function and sleep structure in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and to explore the correlation between them. Methods Total 73 patients with iRBD who visited Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from August 2018 to August 2021 were included, all of whom underwent neuropsychological tests and polysomnography monitoring. Pearson and partial correlation analyses were used to explore correlation between cognitive function and sleep structure parameters. Results 1) Neuropsychological tests: iRBD patients had lower Mini ⁃ Mental State Examination (MMSE; t = ⁃ 3.703, P = 0.000), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA; t = ⁃ 4.811, P = 0.000), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT)⁃number of correct words (t = ⁃ 2.171, P = 0.032) than control group. Trail Making Test (TMT)⁃A (t = 2.500, P = 0.014), TMT⁃B (t = 2.430, P = 0.016) and Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT)⁃A (t = 2.507, P = 0.013), SCWT⁃B (t = 15.042, P = 0.000), SCWT⁃ C (t = 27.228, P = 0.000) completion times were longer than control group. 2) Polysomnography monitoring: total sleep time (t = 2.699, P = 0.008), sleep efficiency (Z = ⁃ 2.103, P = 0.035), number of sleep stage transitions (t = 3.965, P = 0.000), proportion of non⁃rapid eye movement sleep stage 1 (N1 stage) to total sleep time (t = 2.887, P = 0.005), periodic limb movement of sleep index (PLMSI; t = ⁃ 2.917, P = 0.004), periodic limb movement⁃related arousal index (Z = ⁃ 2.291, P = 0.022), and total arousal index (Z = ⁃ 2.609, P = 0.009) were higher than those in control group, and the time of wakefulness after sleep was less than those in control group (t = ⁃ 2.230, P = 0.027). 3) Correlation between cognitive function and sleep structure parameters: MoCA score was negatively correlated with the percentage of N1 stage (r = ⁃ 0.184, P = 0.035), and positively correlated with the percentage of N2 stage (r = 0.173, P = 0.049); SCWT⁃B completion time was negatively correlated with the number of awakenings (r = ⁃ 0.186, P = 0.033); SCWT⁃C completion time was positively correlated with the number of sleep phase transitions (r = 0.212, P = 0.015) and the percentage of N1 stage (r = 0.181, P = 0.039); VFT⁃number of correct words was negatively correlated with the periodic limb movement of wake index (PLMWI; r = ⁃ 0.216, P = 0.018); the number of correct China⁃Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (C⁃RAVLT) immediate recall was positively correlated with the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency (r = 0.183, P = 0.045); the number of correct C⁃RAVLT delay recall was negatively correlated with the PLMWI (r = ⁃ 0.196, P = 0.032) and PLMSI (r = ⁃ 0.180, P = 0.049); the Clock Drawing Test was positively correlated with sleep latency (r = 0.192, P = 0.035) and REM sleep latency (r = 0.199, P = 0.029), and negatively correlated with the percentage of REM sleep (r = ⁃ 0.189, P = 0.038). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score was positively correlated with total sleep time (r = 0.347, P = 0.000), sleep efficiency (r = 0.319, P = 0.000) and the percentage of REM sleep (r = 0.204, P = 0.026), and negatively correlated with the time of wakefulness after sleep (r = ⁃ 0.280, P = 0.002) and the percentage of N1 stage (r = ⁃ 0.299, P = 0.001). Conclusions Patients with iRBD have cognitive dysfunction mainly manifested by decreased attention, executive function and language function, and sleep structural disorders may affect the cognitive function of such patients.

The essence of menopause is ovarian failure, which has a significant impact on women's health. The goal of menopausal management is to relieve menopause-related symptoms, and hopefully, prevent chronic diseases in old age. Based on comprehensive lifestyle management, various health care measures including menopausal hormone therapy have been carried out under the guidance of professional medical practitioners so as to improve and enhance the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly women. The 2023 Chinese Menopause Symptom Management and Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guidelines was officially published in January 2023, and this article interprets the core points of the guidelines, especially the main updates, in order to better guide clinical practice.

ObjectiveBased on the investigation of the core capacity development of health emergency response of Shanghai disease prevention and control institutions after the COVID-19 pandemic， to analyze the shortcomings of health emergency response capacity of Shanghai disease prevention and control institutions， and to put forward suggestions to improve the core capacity of Shanghai's disease prevention and control system in the face of public health emergencies.MethodsUsing questionnaire surveys， investigations and evaluations were conducted on the emergency system development， epidemic monitoring and risk assessment， emergency team manpower and equipment， and actual response to COVID-19 in 16 district-level disease prevention and control institutions in Shanghai.ResultsThe overall public health emergency response capacity building of the district-level disease control agencies in Shanghai is relatively good， and the effect of capacity building has been proven during the handling of the new coronavirus. But at the same time， it also exposed some specific problems such as imperfect system construction， lack of emergency personnel and materials， insufficient on-site handling capabilities of personnel， and uneven allocation of emergency personnel and materials among different agencies.ConclusionShanghai district-level disease control should focus on the specific problems， such as strengthening the development of health emergency system， improving the human resources and material reserves of the emergency teams， and optimizing the laboratory testing ability， to further improve the core health emergency capacity of Shanghai disease control system.

ObjectiveTo establish a method for simultaneous determination of 11 aminoglycosides antibiotics （spectinomycin， dihydrostreptomycin， hygromycin B， streptomycin， gentamicin C1， amikacin， gentamicin C2， kanamycin， gentamicin C1a， tobramycin and apramycin） in liquid milk and milk powder samples by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC­MS/MS）.MethodsThe dairy products were extracted by water containing 1% acetic acid， concentrated and purified by the immunoaffinity cartridges， and then analyzed by HPLC­MS/MS. A BEH Amide column was used for the separation of target drugs as well as acetonitrile and water containing 0.5% formic aid used as the mobile phase. Matrix matched calibration was applied in the quantitation.ResultsThe calibration curves achieved good linearity in the range of 5­500 μg/L with the correlation coefficients （r） greater than 0.99； the quantification limits of AGs in liquid milk and powder were 3 and 10 μg/kg， respectively. The average recovery ranged from 65.12% to 105.95% with relative standard deviations （RSD） ranged from 0.85% to 19.12%.ConclusionThis method presented good selectivity， high sensitivity and simple operation， which was suitable for the determination of 11 aminoglycoside antibiotics in dairy products.

ObjectiveTo establish a method for the determination of chlorate and perchlorate in seasoning samples by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandems mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).MethodsSeasoning sample was ultrasonically extracted with acidic acetonitrile solution, and then purified with a graphitized carbon black (GCB) cartridge and an Ag/H cartridge. UPLC-MS/MS analysis was conducted under multi-reaction monitoring mode with isotope-labelled internal standard calibration for quantification.ResultsChlorate and perchlorate showed a good linearity (R2≥0.99) in the range of 1-1 000 μg/L and 0.1-100 μg/L, respectively. The limits of detection for chlorate and perchlorate were 3.0 μg/kg and 0.3 μg/kg, as well as the limits of quantification were 10 μg/kg and 1.0 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of two compounds in seasoning samples at three spiked levels were 86.5%-113.7% and the relative standard deviations were 1.8%-15.3%. The detection rates of chlorate and perchlorate from 122 seasoning samples were 76.2% and 93.4%, with the maximum concentration of 30.4 mg/kg and 12.3 mg/kg, respectively.ConclusionThe method is suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of chlorate and perchlorate in seasoning. Further study should be focused on the perchlorate in seasoning products since its relative prevalence contamination.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors for impulsive control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods A total of 201 patients with PD were included from May 2016 to September 2017. ICDs were assessed by Questionnaire for Impulsive⁃Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease (QUIP). Mentation, behavior and mood, activities of daily living, motor function, and complications for therapy were assessed by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Disease severity was assessed by Hoehn⁃Yahr staging, and depression was assessed by Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Univariate and multivariate forward Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the risk factors for PD patients with ICDs. Results Among 201 PD patients, 41 patients (20.40%) were diagnosed with ICDs, including 17 cases of compulsive medicine use (8.46%), 15 cases of compulsive eating (7.46%), 13 cases of punding (6.46%), 8 cases of compulsive shopping (3.98%), 3 cases of pathological gambing (1.49%) and one case of hypersexuality (0.49%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the longer treatment duration (OR=1.237, 95%CI: 1.038-1.474; P=0.018), severe complications for therapy (high UPDRS Ⅳ score; OR=1.389, 95%CI: 1.077-1.790, P=0.011), depression (OR=2.417, 95%CI: 0.174-0.984; P=0.046) were the risk factors for PD patients with ICDs. Conclusions The incidence of ICDs in PD is high, which is affected by many factors. The risk of ICDs can be evaluated by the QUIP scale to guide medication.

Objective To study the effects of arecolineand Calcium ion (Ca2+) on the permeability of dysplastic oral epithelia model in vitro. Methods To establish the dysplastic oral epithelia model in vitro by culturing oral keratinocyte (DOK) and harvesting a DOK cell monolayer. The models were divided into control group, arecoline group and "Ca2++ are⁃ coline" group. The values of Lucifer Yellow Papp were used to estimate the permeability changes of models after treated⁃ with arecoline and Ca2+. Results In arecoline group, the lucifer yellow Papp values of each subgroup were higher than that of control group (P < 0.05), and the values increased as arecoline concentration elevated and time lasted (P < 0.05). When the "Ca2 ++ arecoline" group were pretreated with Ca2 +, the values of subgroup "10 μg/mL" was lower than that of the corresponding arecoline group (P > 0.05). However, the value of subgroup "4 h 10 μg/mL" of "Ca2++ arecoline" group had no statistical difference with that of control group (P > 0.05), while the other subgroups were increased (P < 0.05); Be⁃ sides, these values in "Ca2++ arecoline" group were increased as the arecoline concentration elevated and time lasted too (P < 0.05). Conclusion Intervention of arecoline contributes to the increase of permeability of DOK cell monolayer mod⁃ el, which maybe an important reason for the cancerization of dysplastic oral epithelia, however Ca2+might weaken these ef⁃ fects of arecoline in the process.

Combining with movement theory of fire smoke flow of mine roadway and effect of fire-air pressure to ventilation network, the paper proposed mathematical model of numerical simulation and computer algorithm of smoke expansion in time of mine fire, and determined reasonable routes for avoiding disaster. Based on basic information platform of 3DGIS digital mine and 3D visualization technique, computer programs of algorithm of smoke movement and route for avoiding disaster were developed, and it can simulate process of fire disaster in mine and show the scope of smoke pollution and routes for avoiding disaster for workers. The algorithm can be applied to analyze smoke flow expansion of actual fire disaster confirmed by experiment of roadway physical miniatures. The program was applyed to fire emergency plans drills of a coal mine, and played a very good role and achieved a good result.

In order to solve the problems of poor electrical conductivity and low material utilisation of MnO2 materials in water-based zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), this paper took agricultural waste coconut shells as raw materials, introduces low-cost, abundant, and green renewable biomass resources into electrode materials, and obtained coconut shell carbon with excellent conductivity through high-temperature carbonization. MnO2 nanopar-ticles were grown on the surface of coconut shell carbon by hydrothermal method to obtain coconut shell carbon@MnO2 composite nanomaterials. By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical techniques and other characterization testing methods, the morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance of the composite material were analyzed. The results showed that the specific capacity of coconut shell carbon@MnO2 was still as high as 344.6 mA h/g after 300 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g, and its performance was much higher than that of commercial MnO2 materials (64.3 mA h/g). The excellent electrical conductivity of coco carbon@MnO2, the nanosized structural design improved the material utilisation, reduced the ionic diffusion path, brought faster ionic diffusion rate and improved the multiplicity performance of the material, which had a good application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The completed bridge alignment of super long-span railway bridges is prone to large deviation from the design alignment, which leads to the unrealization of the original rail surface design alignment, and it is usually necessary to change the rail surface alignment on the basis of the completed bridge alignment. In order to ensure that the changed rail surface alignment meets the requirements of train operation performance, it is particularly important to reasonably evaluate the completed bridge alignment of long-span railway bridges before laying the track. In this paper, the characteristics of the measured completed bridge alignment of a long-span railway bridge in China are analyzed. Combined with the adjustable capacity of ballast bed on the bridge, an evaluation method of completed bridge alignment of long-span railway bridges based on riding quality is proposed, and the amplitude of completed bridge alignment within the sensitive wavelength range of the vehicle body is taken as the evaluation index. Firstly, according to the evaluation principle that the vertical acceleration of vehicle body caused by line random irregularity, additional deformation of bridge under external loads and rail surface alignment does not exceed level I management standard, the maximum acceleration caused by rail surface alignment within the sensitive wavelength range of vehicle body is determined. Then the correlation between vertical acceleration of vehicle body and chord measurement amplitude, and the correlation between chord measurement amplitude and linear amplitude are studied to determine the maximum amplitude of rail surface alignment within the sensitive wavelength range of vehicle body. Finally, by deducing the correspondence between rail surface alignment amplitude and completed bridge alignment amplitude within the sensitive wavelength range of the vehicle body, the limit value of the evaluation index is formulated. Taking a kilometer-level suspension bridge in China as an example, the limit value of the evaluation index is determined to be 58 mm according to the method of this paper. The maximum value of the measured completed bridge alignment within the sensitive wavelength range of the vehicle body of this bridge is 36 mm, which does not exceed the limit value, indicating that the control effect of the completed bridge alignment is good, and on the premise of meeting the requirements of ballast bed thickness, the rail surface alignment which meets the riding quality can be laid on the basis of the completed bridge alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-stent restenosis is one of the main causes of postoperative complications after percutaneous coronary intervention and a challenge in the field of intervention.Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are new oral hypoglycemic agents used in the treatment of diabetes in recent years. In addition to lowering bloodglucose, they also have the effects of lowering blood pressure, improving blood lipids, and reducing weight, thereby protecting cardiovascular function. Recent studies have shown that SGLT2i can reduced the occurrence of in-stent restenosis and significantly improved the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease receiving interventional therapy.This article reviews the clinical studies and mechanisms of SGLT2i in the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention, providing new ideas for improving the clinical prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface treatment of chopped glass fiber (GF) can significantly improve the strength, impact resistance, and durability of epoxy resin (EP), and the homogeneity of GF modified EP material is better than that of continuous fiber reinforced EP, which has an important application in the engineering field. The effects of surface treatment and addition of chopped GF on the rheological behavior and mechanical properties of EP/modified chopped GF composites were studied by alcohol washing, coupling agent treatment, and acid etching modification methods. In addition, a reactive flame retardant containing phosphorus, nitrogen and bromine was synthesized, and the flame retardant application was studied in the EP/modified chopped GF system. The results show that the surface micromorphology of the chopped GF treated with acid etching is relatively rough, which can greatly increase the initial shear viscosity of the system, and the mechanical properties of the cured composites are significantly better than those of the GF treated with alcohol treatment and coupling agent. The chopped GF content of acid etching treatment is 2.0%, and the tensile strength of the composite is the highest, which is 59.75 MPa. When the flame retardant content is 10%, the peak heat release rate and total heat release of the composite are significantly lower than those of pure EP, and the mechanical properties are improved at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the dynamic evaluation and management of weld joint measured by 1m chord value, the wheel-rail response analysis of weld joint irregularity at 3 m wavelength is of great significance to service state evaluation and management. First, the vehicle track vertical coupling model is established based on the vehicle track vertical coupling dynamics theory. Then, the rail short wave irregularity measurement trolley developed based a multipoint chord reference system is used to accurately measure the irregularity of the metro line weld joint, and the 1 m chord measurement value is obtained according to the traditional chord measurement theory. The measured 3 m wavelength weld joint irregularity and the 1 m chord measurement value are used as the irregularity excitation of the vehicle track vertical coupling model. The wheel rail responses under the excitation of 3 m wavelength weld joint irregularity and 1 m chord measurement are compared. Finally, the effects of vehicle speed and weld position on wheel rail dynamic responses are studied. The results show that compared with the wheel rail dynamic response under the excitation of 1 m chord, the wheel rail force amplitude under the excitation of 3 m wavelength weld joint irregularity is not obvious, the wheel load reduction rate increases by 11.52%, the rail acceleration increases by 54.05%, and the wheel set vibration acceleration increases by 37.67%. The increase of vehicle speed magnifies the amplitude of vertical wheel rail force and wheel load reduction rate. With the increase of the distance between the weld and the sleeper, the wheel rail force amplitude first increases and then decreases. The wheel rail force is the largest at 0.1 m from the sleeper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In metro engineering construction, due to the urban planning and construction, economical use of land or the limitation of terrain conditions, metro rail sometimes needs to be laid on the large slope area. When the rail is laid on the ramp, the rail longitudinal force increases on account of frequent train startup and break, resulting in uneven crawling of the switch rail and affecting normal service of the switch. To study the longitudinal stress deformation characteristics of the large lope switch under cyclic loading, a full scale model test on large slope metro switch is conducted to study the deformation law of switch rail under cyclic loading, and the influences of different factors such as the wheel axle load value and the fastener failure on the large slope switch longitudinal deformation. The results show that in the process of single loading-unloading, the rail displacement increases faster and faster with the increase of the load, and rapidly falls back after unloading and produces a residual displacement of 0. 061 mm; under cyclic loading, the maximum longitudinal displacement of the rail during loading and the residual displacement after unloading both increase rapidly at first, then slowly tend to stabilize with the increase of cyclic loading times; after 200 times of cyclic loading, the residual displacement is basically stable at 0.15 mm; the larger the wheel axle weight value, the smaller the longitudinal displacement of rail under cyclic loading and the longitudinal residual displacement of rail after unloading; the more the number of fastener failure, the greater the influence of rail longitudinal displacement and rail longitudinal residual displacement under cyclic loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer (POE-g-MAH) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) as toughening agents, recycled PP/glass fiber/POE-g-MAH and recycled PP/glass fiber/EPDM composites were prepared by open mixing method. The effect of POE-g-MAH and EPDM content on the mechanical properties, melting and crystallization behavior, rheological properties and structure of the composites were studied. The results show that when the content of POE-g-MAH and EPDM is 30%, the impact strength of composites are increased by 290% and 433%, respectively. POE-g-MAH has a certain degree of hindrance to the crystallization of recycled PP and reduces the crystallization ability of recycled PP. EPDM has little effect on the crystallization process of recycled PP. POE-g-MAH forms a good interfacial interaction with matrix and glass fiber, improving the toughness of composite. EPDM improves the impact toughness of composite by force deformation, while maintaining good tensile strength and tensile modulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the difference in the contents of phenolics and the antioxidant activities between two kinds of Hawk tea of different maturity levels, and to evaluate their qualities, the contents of 15 phenolic compounds were determined using LC-MS/MS method. Then, the antioxidant activities of two types of tea were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging rate, ABTS+ radical scavenging rate, and Fe3+ ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). And then, the contents of 15 phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activities between two kinds of Hawk tea of different maturity levels were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the contents of 15 phenolic compounds, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to classify two kinds of Hawk tea. Finally, the contribution of different phenolic compounds in Hawk tea to antioxidation was discussed by partial least square regression analysis (PLSR). The results were as follows: (1) The contents of catechin, p-coumaric acid, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, nicotiflorin, astragalin, kaempferol, quercetin, and afzelin in tender leaf tea were significantly higher than those in old leaf tea, among which the average contents of catechin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin were higher than those in old leaf tea by 1 039.43, 169.12 and 257.35 mg·100 g-1, respectively. The results of HCA, PCA, and OPLS-DA could distinguish two kinds of Hawk tea. (2) The ANOVA showed significant differences in DPPH radical scavenging rate, ABTS+ radical scavenging rate, and FRAP between two kinds of tea, with the tender leaf tea superior to the old leaf tea. (3) The PLSR suggested that isoquercitrin, catechin, astragalin, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, p-coumaric acid, and kaempferol were the main phenolic compounds those contributed to the antioxidant activity of Hawk tea. This study can provide a reference for Hawk tea's quality control and application promotion.

Simulated marine material ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) was prepared by incorporation of different contents of chloride, and the critical endogenous chloride ion content of steel bar corrosion in UHPC was studied by three electrochemical methods, linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectros-copy and cyclic polarization. The pore structure of UHPC was studied by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption test. Finally, the chloride ion diffusion model derived from Fick's second law was used to predict the service life of UHPC. The results show that the current specification for chloride in sea sand concrete is not suitable for UHPC; the critical endogenous chloride content in UHPC is 1.2 % to 1.9 % of cement mass, and its conservative value is significantly greater than the standard limit for ordinary concrete chloride ion. The internal structure of UHPC is extremely dense, and the porosity at the late hydration stage is greatly reduced. Compared with ordinary UHPC, the total pore volume of simulated marine ground material UHPC is smaller, showing a more compact microstructure. The durability of UHPC made with simulated marine materials is slightly decreased compared with the ordinary UHPC, but still has an excellent protection property of reinforcement. The predicted service life can reach more than 100 years with the cover thickness of only 15 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Umami peptides from the enzymatic hydrolysate of Stropharia rugosoannulata were separated by ultrafiltration (UF) and gel filtration chromatography (GFC) combined with sensory evaluation and electronic tongue analysis. Fraction F3, with the strongest umami intensity, were identified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS/MS). The identified peptides were synthesized and evaluated for their taste characteristics. The results showed that eight umami peptides were identified in fraction F3, namely ELWR, RLVDR, KPDNR, AHLRF, LDWDR, LAEWR, DDWWR and EGHKGW, and all of them possessed umami characteristics and umami-enhancing effects with thresholds ranging from 0.30 to 1.33 mmol/L and from 0.53 to 2.43 mmol/L, respectively. All peptides except LDWDR showed different degrees of umami improvement in monosodium glutamate (MSG) solution, ranging from 0.18% to 61.12%. ELWR, RLVDR, KPDNR, AHLRF and EGHKGW showed good umami-enhancing effects at low concentrations. The peak concentration of RLVDR and KPDNR for synergistic umami-enhancing effect was 5 mg/mL. LDWDR, LAEWR, DDWWR and EGHKGW reached the umami peak at 4 mg/mL. The amino acid composition and the spatial structure of umami peptides could affect their taste properties. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of umami peptides from S. rugosoannulata.

There is a set of volcanic-sedimentary rock series in Shipu area, Xiangshan County, eastern Zhejiang Province, which was previously named as Shipu Formation, including upper and lower members. The lower member is interbedded with mudstone, sandstone and stromatolite-wormtube biohermal limestone, while the upper member is characterized by bimodal volcanic rock. For a long time, there have been disputes about the stratification attribution of Shipu Formation and the age of the bioreef limestone. LA- ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of the basaltic interlayers newly discovered in rhyolite and sedimentary rocks of the Shipu Formation are obtained, which are (117.8 ± 2.2) Ma and (116.1 ± 1.0) Ma respectively, showing that Shipu Formation formed in late early Cretaceous. According to the regional stratigraphic correlation study, the stratigraphy of Shipu Formation and Guantou Formation is similar, both belongs to the contemporaneous heterogeneous sequence strata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research does not consider the influence of wire rope swing on the excitation device in the context of engineering applications, resulting in unsatisfactory detection results. In order to solve this problem, a set of mining wire rope excitation devices has been designed. Through the establishment of the wire rope simulation model, the influence of different air gap and lift off value on the magnetic leakage field of wire rope is simulated and studied. It is found that increasing the air gap or lift off value will reduce the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic leakage field of the wire rope and affect the magnetic leakage detection results of the wire rope. However, in practical applications, the swing amplitude of mining wire ropes is large and the ropes are easy to be polluted. Therefore, the air gap and lift off value of the wire rope excitation device should not be too small. Under the conditions of considering engineering applicability, the air gap is set to 6 mm and the lift off value is set to 5 mm. Further simulation analysis is conducted on the effects of permanent magnet thickness and length, magnetic pole spacing, and armature thickness on the leakage magnetic field of steel wire ropes. It is found that the thickness and length of permanent magnets have the greatest influence on the leakage magnetic field of steel wire ropes. The magnetic pole spacing has a small influence on the leakage magnetic field of steel wire ropes. The influence of armature thickness on the leakage magnetic field of steel wire ropes can be ignored. Based on the simulation results and considering economy and portability, the parameters of the wire rope excitation device are set. The permanent magnet thickness is set to 10 mm, the permanent magnet length is set to 30 mm, the magnetic pole spacing is set to 180 mm, and the armature thickness is set to 10 mm. The dynamic simulation results show that the peak-to-peak value of the magnetic flux density of the wire rope magnetic leakage field reaches 0.9 mT. It indicates that the excitation device can ensure high magnetic leakage at the damage. The experimental results show that the magnetic flux leakage signal shows significant fluctuations at different broken wire locations of the steel wire rope. It indicates that the excitation device has a good excitation effect and can accurately detect broken wire damage of the steel wire rope.

Objective To explore the relationship between motor skills and cognitive self-regulation ability of 4-6 year-old children, so as to provide a basis for the demonstration of multiple values of sports. Methods 165 4-6 year-old children were selected as the research objects. The development level of motor skills was tested by Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2nd Edition (BOT-2), BOT-2 sensitivity subscale, Movement Assessment Battery for Children-test-2nd Edition (MABC Test-2), and MABC Test-2 throw-in motor subscale; the cognitive self-regulation level of children was evaluated by learning related cognitive self-regulation test package. Results Correlation analysis, logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis showed that bilateral limb movement coordination, hand eye coordination, movement agility, involvement balance were positively correlated with preschool children's cognitive self-regulation ability. After using the interaction effects of month age and multiple movement skills, only bilateral limb movement coordination was significantly positively correlated with children's cognitive self-regulation ability. Boys' and girls' movement skills were positively correlated with children's cognitive self-regulation ability, with boys B =0.22.95% CI=0.08-0.36 and girls 13=0.16, 95% CI=0.04-0.29, respectively; however, there was no significant difference in the correlation between motor skills and cognitive self-regulation for different genders. Conclusion 4-6 year-old children's bilateral limb coordination skills are related to cognitive self-regulation. It is suggested that preschool sports educators should pay attention to the development and intervention of children's bilateral limb movement coordination games, and that families should develop children's coordination ability through regular parent-child sports interaction to promote the development of preschool children's cognitive self-regulation and the formation of good learning quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on investigating the brake squeal problem of a disc brake at 3 000 Hz. To this end, the noise of this frequency is reproduced on the bench, the laser Doppler vibration measurement technology is used to obtain the operational deflection shape（ODS） at this frequency. Finite element analysis（FEA） model is established and modified according to the experimental modal. The complex eigenvalue analysis is adopted to retrieve the complex eigenvalues and mode shapes.The correlation analysis is used to confirm that the complex eigenvalue results are valid for the actual noise ODS results.Afterwards, analysis of the components contribution and the components modal contribution of this unstable mode are used to provide corresponding structural optimization plan, and a bench test has been carried out to verify the effectiveness of this method.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main prevalent histological type of esophageal cancer worldwide, with a high mortality and poor prognosis due to advanced stage at diagnosis. Surgical resection after neoadjuvant therapy is the main treatment for ESCC. With the rise of immunotherapy, immunotherapy on ESCC has been shown to improve outcomes, especially the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). As the efficacy of immunotherapy for ESCC is limited, it is helpful to screen patients who may benefit from immunotherapy by looking for predictive biomarkers of efficacy of immunotherapy. In this paper, based on the current literature on immunotherapy and related biomarkers, we review the research progress on predictive markers of ICIs for ESCC, in hopes of providing assistances for the precise treatment and prognosis determination.

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Objective The 3D motion capture system was used to measure the upper limb bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD) to make up for the lack of artificial measurement. Methods Ninteen patients with PD (PD group) and 10 healthy subjects (control group) were recruited from June to December 2019 in Tianjin Huanhu Hospital. All the subjects completed the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS-III) evaluation in the room equipped with 3D motion capture system. The thumb and index finger of the subjects were fixed with reflective markers to collect motion information. In this study, only the action of finger tapping was evaluated digitally, and five parameters were extracted from the evaluation results: 1) average maximum amplitude of finger taps (amp). 2) Average finger tapping interval (intval). 3) Average zero - crossing occurrences of acceleration (zc). 4) Average of the forward maximum velocity (v1). 5) Average of the negative maximum velocity (v2). Using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to evaluate the value of intval, zc and their combination indexes in the diagnosis of upper limb bradykinesia in PD. Results In PD group, UPDRS-III score was 33.79 ± 13.14, bradykinesia score was 13.61 ± 5.26, upper limb bradykinesia score was 6.61 ± 2.65, finger tapping score was 1.68 ± 0.78. Intval (P = 0.001) and zc (P = 0.004) in PD group were higher than those in control group, and the difference was statistically significant. The ROC curves of intval and zc for upper limb bradykinesia showed that the AUC of them were 0.858 (95% CI: 0.743-0.973, P = 0.000) and 0.799 (95% CI: 0.642-0.955, P = 0.008); the sensitivity was 0.737, 0.921, and the specificity was 0.900 and 0.600, respectively. After the combination of intval and zc, the AUC was 0.858 (95%CI: 0.752-0.964, P = 0.001), the sensitivity and specificity were 0.711 and 0.100, respectively. Conclusions The digital evaluation of upper limb bradykinesia in PD can be realized by using 3D motion capture system, which makes up for the deficiency of manual evaluation to a certain extent. The extracted parameters intval and zc have high sensitivity and specificity, which are expected to be used as characteristic indicators for early screening of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of vocalization training in improving drooling in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods A total of 60 PD patients from August 2018 to July 2019 were randomly divided into control group (N = 30) and observation group (N = 30). The patients in control group received routine rehabilitation therapy and the observation group received routine rehabilitation therapy combined with vocalization training. All patients were treated for 4 weeks. Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA) was used to evaluate the swallowing function of 2 groups before and after 4 - week training. Maximum phonation time (MPT) and maximum phonation decibel were used to evaluate the laryngeal function and vocal cord vibration. Drooling part of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale II (UPDRS II), Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale (DSFS) were used to evaluate drooling severity (DSFS-S) and frequency (DSFS-F). All the tests were carried out before and after 4-week training. Results After 4 - week training, SSA score (P = 0.000) was lower than the score before training in both groups. MPT (P = 0.000) and maximum phonation decibel (P = 0.000) were significantly increased, moreover, drooling part of UPDRS II score (P = 0.000), DSFS - S score (P = 0.000) and DSFS - F score (P = 0.000) were significantly decreased after 4 - week training in both groups. Compared with control group, MPT (P = 0.010) and maximum phonation decibel (P = 0.000) were increased, and SSA score (P = 0.044), drooling part of UPDRS II score (P = 0.020), DSFS - S score (P = 0.044) and DSFS - F score (P = 0.049) were decreased in the observation group. Conclusions Vocalization training could mitigate drooling severity and frequency of the patients with PD by improving the swallowing function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the low-temperature oxidation characteristics and evolution law of oxidized coal, this paper adopted a temperature-programmed experiment system. Firstly, the low-temperature oxidation temperature-programmed experiment was carried out on the oxidized coal formed by N2 anaerobic cooling after the coal samples were pre-oxidized to 60 ℃, 90 ℃, 120 ℃, 150 ℃, 180 ℃ and 210 ℃ respectively. At the same time, in order to further reveal the characteristics of low-temperature oxidation behavior of oxidized coal formed under different fire extinguishing conditions, the low-temperature oxidation temperature programmed test was carried out on the oxidized coal formed after fire extinguishing with three different volume fractions of N2 when the coal sample was pre-oxidized to 120 ℃. This reveals the changes of oxygen consumption rate, production rate of signature gases (CO, CO2) and heat release intensity of these two kinds of oxidized coals during low temperature oxidation process. The results show that the oxygen consumption rate, signature gas generation rate and heat release intensity of oxidized coal are all lower than those of raw coal. Furthermore, the spontaneous combustion characteristic parameters of coal samples pre-oxidized to 90 ℃ are closer to that of raw coal, indicating that coals pre-oxidized to critical temperature are more likely to reignite. When pre-oxidized to 120 ℃, the higher the volume fraction of N2, the closer the spontaneous combustion characteristic parameters of this oxidized coal are to the original coal, indicating that the coal with higher volume fraction of N2 has stronger recrudescence ability. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the recurrence of coal when mining the coal body in the near coal seam group, the recrudescence working face and the unsealing fire area.

A method for the determination of iron oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, potassium oxide and sodium oxide in foundry silica sand by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was established. The selection and optimization of the dissolution method were studied. The linear range of the method, correlation coefficient and detection limit was determined under the optimal instrumental analysis, using nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid treatment, perchloric acid treatment, elemental analysis line selection, matrix and coexisting elements. The accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated by using the analytical results of three grades of silica sand. The detection limit of iron Fe is 0.012 µg/mL, Al is 0.032 µg/mL, Ca is 0.27 µg/mL, Mg is 0.003 2 µg/mL, Ti is 0.002 1 µg/mL, K is 0.16 µg/mL, Na is 0.000 44 µg/mL. The relative standard deviation of the data of 5 times indicates that the method has good stability. The method is suitable for the determination of the content of iron oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, potassium oxide and sodium oxide in the silica sand for casting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the reactive properties of reactive material under the load of drop-weight, the stress-time curves of material under different drop height loading of drop-weight were obtained by directly loading reactive material with a 10 kg drop-weight. The stress-time curves were compared with the results of high-speed photographs, and the absorption energy of the unit mass of material during the reaction was analyzed and calculated. Based on the Johnson-Cook constitutive model of materials, the changes of mechanical properties during loading were calculated by using finite element calculation software LS-DYNA. The results show that under unconstrained loading with 10 kg drop-weight, the stress changes rapidly with time with increasing the drop-weight height, the material reacts at 1 000 μs, the corresponding critical stress is 218 MPa, and the energy absorbed by the unit mass of material during the reaction is 40.9 J/g. The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental ones and further verify the rationality of the Johnson-Cook's constitutive model of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the clinical manifestations, imaging and pathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of spindle cell oncocytoma. Methods and Results A 59-year-old man presented with one year history of blurred vision, lags in response and fatiguability. Head MRI showed a mass at the sellar region. Histological examination showed the tumor was mainly composed of spindle cells arranged in fascicularis or irregularity with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and oval or short spindle nuclei without typical mitotic activity. Infiltration of scattered lymphocytes was observed in the stroma. Immunohistochemical staining showed partial tumor cells were immunoreactive to thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in nuclei, anti-mitochondria antibody (AMA), S-100 protein (S-100), Galectin-3 and vimentin (Vim) in cytoplasm. Ki - 67 labeling index was 3%. The final diagnosis was spindle cell oncocytoma in sellar region. The patient presented rapid loss of vision 2 months after surgery. Reexamined MRI showed a mass at the sellar region, and the patient was treated by radiotherapy. During the 10-month follow-up, the vision was not recovered, and the tumor was still existed. Conclusions Spindle cell oncocytoma is a rare benign tumor in the sellar region, which is considered as WHO grade I tumor. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of various sellar region lesions. Complete removal of tumor is important to prevent tumor recurrence. For patients who achieved partial resection, postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundCustoms biosafety inspection is of great significance for maintaining ecological balance and protecting rare wild animals and plants.PurposeTo overcome the problem of poor contrast in traditional X-ray imaging systems for customs biosecurity inspections, an inspection instrument based on X-ray phase contrast imaging planned to be developed in this work.MethodsThe on-line phase contrast imaging method with high photon utilization efficiency was adopted in order to meet the requirements of high-efficiency data acquisition and fast imaging for the customs inspection. The protective shed shielding, security linkage and automatic sample stage were used in the instrument to ensure radiation safety in the inspection and the convenience of sample switching and adjustment. The methods of phase contrast micro-CT and three-dimensional micro-structure quantitative analysis were applied for biometrics recognition of specimens.ResultsA biometrics recognition instrument based on X-ray phase contrast imaging is developed. The test results of JIMA chart and actual samples show that the spatial resolution of the instrument is 3 μm and that the instrument enables high contrast imaging and quantitative analysis of weakly absorbing samples and can be used for the inspection of most biological specimens.ConclusionsThe instrument developed in this work provides a new tool for customs biosafety inspection. Due to its phase contrast imaging characteristics, the instrument can also be applied to the research of microscopic identification of Chinese medicinal materials, structural pharmaceutics and polymer materials.

Objective To investigate the correlation of sex hormone levels with depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods A total of 46 PD patients (27 male and 19 female) were enrolled in this study. After withdrawing anti-PD drugs for 12 h, their fasting blood was taken from cubital vein. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay was used to detect serum estradiol, progesterone and testosterone. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) were used to evaluate depression and anxiety. Results Fourteen cases (30.43%) were diagnosed as possible depression (HAMD score 8-19), and 5 cases (10.87% ) were diagnosed as definite depression (HAMD score ≥ 20). Nine cases (19.57%) were diagnosed as possible anxiety (HAMA score 7-13), and 7 cases (15.22%) were diagnosed as definite anxiety (HAMA score ≥ 14). The body mass index (BMI) of female PD patients was significantly higher than that of male [(26.93 ± 1.29) kg/m² vs. (23.99 ± 1.51) kg/m²; t = 6.872, P = 0.000]. The serum estradiol [(46.29 ± 17.87) pmol/L vs. (129.64 ± 32.34) pmol/L; t = 10.080, P = 0.000], progesterone [0.99 (0.67, 1.18) nmol/L vs. 1.30 (0.86, 2.04) nmol/L; Z = - 2.722, P = 0.006] and testosterone [(0.38 ± 0.17) nmol/L vs. (13.52 ± 5.41) nmol/L; t = 10.538, P = 0.000] in female PD patients were significantly lower than those in male patients. In female PD patients, BMI was negatively correlated with HAMA score (r = - 0.591, P = 0.020), serum estradiol level was negatively correlated with HAMD score (r = - 0.558, P = 0.031) and HAMA score (r = - 0.675, P = 0.006), serum testosterone level was positively correlated with HAMA score (r = 0.674, P = 0.006). In male PD patients, only serum testosterone level was negatively correlated with HAMD score (r = - 0.450, P = 0.031) and HAMA score (r = - 0.507, P = 0.013). Conclusions Non-motor symptoms, such as depression and anxiety, are very common in PD. The lower serum estradiol level, the more severe depression was in female PD patients. The lower BMI and serum estradiol level and the higher serum testosterone level, the more severe anxiety was in female PD patients. The lower serum testosterone level, the more severe depression and anxiety were in male PD patients. Therefore, hormone replacement therapy may become a new method for improving depression and anxiety symptoms in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on CORDIC improved algorithm, a hardware implementation method for rapid location and correction is proposed，which can detect and decode QR codes quickly and accurately. After obtaining the image through the camera and preprocessing by a series of hardware modules, the algorithm can locate and extract the QR code image quickly and accurately. Moreover, the CORDIC improved algorithm is used to extract the rotation correction of QR code, which can realize the rotation correction within 360 degrees. The CORDIC improved algorithm can save hardware resources and improve the system speed by replacing the multiplier with shift and addition. Besides, the circuit design is completed by Verilog hardware description language, and the algorithm is verified on the FPGA. The maximum clock frequency of the whole module can reach 267.95 MHz, which can quickly detect and extract QR code images in microsecond time.

In order to master the fire-extinguishing efficiency of different concentrations of CO2 on the oxidized coal re-combustion, a self-developed coal spontaneous oxidation program temperature increasing experimental device was adopted to study the inhibitory effect of CO2 on coal oxidation and heating process, and the samples of Pingdingshan No.8 Coal Mine were fed with CO2 concentrations of 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40 % respectively.The oxygen consumption rate, the production rate of CO and the change law of apparent activation energy of coal were measured, and the result shows that different volume fractions of CO2 have inhibitory effects on the heating process of coal oxidation.The results show that different volume fractions of CO2 have an inhibitory effect compared with the oxidation under pure air conditions.At the same time, the larger the volume fraction of CO2 introduced, the lower the oxygen consumption and CO generation rate both the primary and secondary coal oxidation process, while the higher the apparent activation energy.That is to say, the larger the volume of CO2, the better the inhibition efficiency of the re-combustion process of oxidized coal.

Objective To explore the effect of cueing strategies on balance function and gait in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods A total of 40 PD patients were randomly divided into control group (N = 20) and observation group (N = 20). The patients in control group received routine drug treatment and rehabilitation therapy according to the disease. The patients in observation group received rhythmic recurring cues and one - off cues on the basis of routine treatment. All patients were given rehabilitation therapy for 4 weeks (30 minutes, 5 times a week). Berg Balance Scale (BBS), 10 - Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ) were used to evaluate balance function and gait of patients before and after 4 - week training. 10MWT was used to calculate step length and velocity. Results After 4 - week training, BBS score (P = 0.000), step length (P = 0.000) and velocity (P = 0.000) of 10MWT were significantly increased, while TUGT time (P = 0.000) and FOGQ score (P = 0.000) were significantly reduced in both groups. Compared with control group, step length (P = 0.048) and velocity (P = 0.025) of 10MWT were significantly increased, while TUGT time (P = 0.023) and FOGQ score (P = 0.034) had a significant decrease in observation group. Conclusions Both routine rehabilitation therapy and cueing strategies can improve the balance function and gait of PD patients, but cueing strategies had better effect on gait than routine rehabilitation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using coupling degree model, this paper calculates the coupling degree indexes of the 14 cities in Hunan province from 2000 to 2012 and anaiyzes the temporal-spatial evolution characteristcs of the coupling degree. The results are as follows: 1)the human settlement environment comprehensive index, economic development comprehensive index and coupling degree index have steadily increased in Hunan province; 2)from the angle of time, the coupling state of human settlement environment and economic development has entered a benign coupling stage after experiencing a low level coupling period and antagonized coupling period; 3) form the angle of spatial pattern, the coupling degree index is higher in the east areas while lower in the west areas; 4) the increase of the coupling degree indexes have slowed down in eastern and northern Hunan, while the coupling degree indexes in western and central Hunan have increased quickly; 5) the regional gap in absolute coupling degree index has gradually narrowed in Hunan province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the short-term response of soil CH4 flux to different precipitation events in a winter wheat field on the Loess Plateau, we conducted precipitation simulation experiments during winter wheat jointing stage and summer fallow period to measure the soil CH4 flux in 0 to 72 h after precipitation simulation of 1 to 32 mm. Results showed that CH4 flux during 0 to 72 h fluctuated at 1 to 8 mm of precipitation application and peaked at 16 and 32 mm. Cumulative CH4 flux after 72 h of precipitation (CH4-C) increased linearly with the precipitation amount (P) (wheat jointing stage: CH4-C=2.45P-6.09, R2=0.92, P<0.01; summer fallow: CH4-C=2.43P-4.73, R2=0.91, P<0.01). Statistical analysis showed that CH4 flux was also correlated with soil water content and microbial biomass carbon but not with soil temperature. In the long run, small precipitation events (1-8 mm) could enhance the intensity of soil CH4 sink and such promoting effect would be weakened with further increase in precipitation amount. However, large precipitation events (≥16 mm) could change the soil function from CH4 sink to source by stimulating the activity of soil methanogens during short-term periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]