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ObjectiveTo analyze the disinfection quality of nursing institutions in Fengxian District， so as to provide evidence for improving disinfection work in nursing institutions.MethodsA total of 54 nursing institutions for the elderly in Fengxian District of Shanghai were selected as the monitoring sites during 2017‒2021. The samples from indoor air， surface of objects， tableware and hands of staff were collected for bacteriological testing， and then evaluated for the quality of sanitary disinfection.ResultsFrom 2017 to 2021， the annual qualified rate of disinfection quality in the nursing institutions was 84.85%‒100.00%， and there was a significant difference of the monitoring samples among different years （χ2=51.73，P

Objective To obtain the non-structure protein 14 (Nsp14) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) with higher purity and enzymatic activity. Methods This study firstly analyzed the rare codons in the gene of nsp14 according to the codon usage bias of E. coli, followed by codon optimization. The optimized nucleotide fragment of nsp14 was cloned into four kinds of expressing vectors respectively. Comparative analysis of yield and solubility was performed among these expressed four fusion proteins. The best one was chosen for further optimization of expressing conditions. After the fusion protein was purified by glutathione affinity column, the fusion tag was removed by 3C protease, and then the protein was purified by glutathione affinity column and molecular sieve column for further analysis of enzymatic activity through urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results Many rare codons were found in expression of SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 in E. coli, among which some rare codons were distributed in close range and tandem. The best recombinant plasmid for expressing the fusion protein was pGEX6P1-GST-OPTI-Nsp14, which gave an eptimal expression in 30 ℃ with high yield and solubility. After purification, a higher purity of Nsp14 with nuclease activity was obtained. Conclusions This study shows that the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein with nuclease activity is successfully prepared, which lays a foundation for the further research on the structure and function of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14, and provides favorable conditions for screening antiviral drugs targeting at Nsp14 of SARS-CoV-2.

Background In China, chronic diseases have become a major public health problem threatening residents' health. Highlighted in the national policies, primary care settings should act as the "main battlefield" for fighting chronic diseases. Objective To understand the topics, hot spots and development trends in chronic disease management in primary care of China, providing evidence for further research. Methods In September 2021, relevant literature of chronic disease management in primary care in China were searched in databases of SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and CQVIP from inception to September 13, 2021. Endnote X9 was used to conduct statistical analysis of the annual number of publications, distribution of journals, and distribution of institutions.VOSviewer 1.6.14 was adopted for high-frequency keywords analysis, network analysis of keyword co-occurrence, timeline view of keyword co-occurrence network, and visualizing the knowledge map. Results In total, 4 060 articles published since 1977 (as of September 13, 2021) were included. The annual number of published articles demonstrated an upward trend in general. The journal with the highest number of articles was Chinese General Practice〔329 articles (8.10%) 〕. Fudan University was the most prolific institution〔1.75% (71/4 060) 〕. The top 10 high-frequency keywords were chronic diseases〔8.75% (895/10 224) 〕, community〔7.49% (766/10 224) 〕, elderly people〔4.90% (501/10 224) 〕, diabetes〔4.62% (472/10 224) 〕, hypertension〔4.28% (438/10 224) 〕, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease〔4.22% (431/10 224) 〕, prevalence〔4.04% (413/10 224) 〕, influencing factors〔3.29% (336/10 224) 〕, risk factors〔2.60% (266/10 224) 〕 and quality of life〔1.95% (199/10 224) 〕. Four major hot topics were identified by network analysis of keyword co-occurrence: chronic disease management of the elderly in the community, epidemiology of risk factors for chronic diseases, management and community-based comprehensive prevention and treatment regarding chronic diseases (such as hypertension and diabetes) , community-based nursing and rehabilitation of chronic diseases (mainly for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) . Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment and contracted family doctor services, informationization and Internet-based services, mental or sleep health, multimorbidity, general practitioner and pharmaceutical care were recently emgerged research themes identified by timeline view of keyword co-occurrence network. Conclusion The number of studies about of chronic disease management in primary care in China demonstrated an overall upward trend, with management of hypertension, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care as the research hotspots. Studies on hierarchical diagnosis and treatment and contracted family doctor service, informationization and Internet-based services, mental or sleep health, multimorbidity, and general practitioner and pharmaceutical care are in the ascendant.

亚油酸属ω-6型多不饱和脂肪酸，具有独特的生理功能，与人体健康密切相关。由于亚油酸大多来源于天然动植物油脂，其含量尚不能满足食品和制药业的需求，有效分离纯化亚油酸已成为近年来的研究热点。为给亚油酸的分离纯化研究提供参考，综述了近年来国内外亚油酸分离纯化技术的研究进展，系统介绍了尿素包合法、硝酸银硅胶柱色谱法、分子蒸馏法、脂肪酶酶解法、溶剂冷冻结晶法、高速逆流色谱法及耦合法的分离原理及研究成果，并分析了各分离纯化方法的优缺点。两种或多种分离纯化技术耦合可优势互补，提高分离效率，淀粉、三聚氰胺包合法和pH区带精制逆流色谱法则值得进一步深入研究。 Linoleic acid，which belongs to an omega-6 type polyunsaturated fatty acid, possesses unique physiological functions and is closely associated with human health. Linoleic acid mostly originates from natural animal fats and vegetable oils, and its content cannot meet the needs of the food and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, developing effective technologies for the separation and purification of linoleic acid has become a research hotspot in recent years. In order to provide a reference for the separation and purification of linoleic acid, the separation and purification technologies of linoleic acid at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed, the separation principle and research results of the methods of urea adduction fractionation, silver nitrate impregnated-silica gel column chromatography, molecular distillation, lipase hydrolysis, solvent freezing crystallization, high-speed countercurrent chromatography and integration were systematically introduced, and both the pros and cons of each separation and purification method were analyzed. The integration of two or more separation and purification technologies can complement mutual advantage and improve separation efficiency. Moreover, starch, melamine complexation method and pH zone refined countercurrent chromatography are worthy of further research.

With graphite oxide (GO) as the main raw material, combining with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydrothermal reduction combined ice template method was used to prepare graphene/carboxymethyl cellulose composite aerogel (HGA/CMC), through drying under the environmental pressure and hydrophobic modification. The HGA/CMC was characterized through SEM, FT-IR, XPS and microcomputer controlled electronic universal testing machine, which proves the successful combination between GO and CMC and the effective hydrophobic modification. HGA/CMC can absorb pure oil because of its abundant pore structure, the adsorption capacity of oil is 70.28-172.78 g·g-1, and the higher the oil density is, the greater the oil mass can be adsorbed by aerogel per unit mass. Furthermore, HGA/CMC shows good selective adsorption capacity for floating oil on water, heavy oil on water bottom and emulsified oil in water. HGA/CMC can be recycled by mechanical extrusion, and its adsorption capacity loss is only 15% after 10 times of extrusion regeneration. It is an oily wastewater treatment material with application potential.

The effect of the substrate surface roughness on tribological properties of MoS2/Ti films, and the friction and wear mechanism was studied. MoS2/Ti films were deposited on bearing steel with different surface roughness by magnetron sputtering. The adhesion strength between the film and substrate, phase composition, surface morphology and surface roughness of MoS2/Ti films were obtained respectively by scratch tester, X-ray diffractometer(XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and roughness profiler. And the tribological properties of MoS2/Ti films under dry friction, solid-oil composite lubrication and solid-grease composite lubrication were studied by a ball-on-disk tribometer. The results show that with the increase of the substrate surface roughness, the surface roughness of MoS2/Ti films increases, the intensity of (002)MoS2 and (100)MoS2 diffraction peaks first decreases and then increases, and the adhesion strength between the film and substrate decreases. When the surface roughness of the substrate is 0.01 μm, the MoS2/Ti films have good lubrication characteristics under dry friction condition. The average friction coefficient is 0.101, and the wear scar is shallow and small. With the increase of substrate roughness, the average friction coefficient and the wear rate of the samples increase first and then decrease. Meanwhile, the main wear mechanism of the film changes from abrasive wear to chip formation and fragmentation. And the effect of intermolecular interaction is greater than that of mechanical engagement, when the substrate roughness of the samples is large (Ra=0.26 μm). Under the condition of solid-oil composite lubrication, there is no fragmentation phenomenon on the worn surface with large substrate roughness. The wear scar is shallow, and the average friction coefficient is reduced by about 19%. Under the condition of solid-grease composite lubrication, the tribological properties of the samples are poor, and the effect of the substrate surface roughness on the friction coefficient is not significant.

Cellulose graphene composite aerogels (CMC/GA) were prepared by one-step hydrothermal reaction based on graphite oxidation with the addition of low cost carboxymethyl cellulose. The functional group structure and microstructure of CMC/GA were characterized. The mechanism and capacity of the adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) were investigated by CMC/GA in water. The results show that the higher temperature and higher initial concentration of MB are beneficial to the adsorption of CMC/GA. The adsorption isotherm is fitted with Langmuir model, the adsorption activation energy of the system is 57.951 kJ·mol-1, indicating that the adsorption of MB by CMC/GA is monolayer and belongs to chemical adsorption. The adsorption kinetics of MB is fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The intrapartical diffusion model of MB with different concentration shows that the adsorption process of CMC/GA for MB can be divided into two stages:macroporous diffusion and microporous diffusion, and the diffusion rate of macroporous diffusion is obviously higher than that of microporous diffusion.

Photocurable coal-series kaolin slurry was prepared based on photocurable resin system. The rheological properties of the slurry were characterized by a rheometer. The effect of dispersant and plasticizer addition on the rheological properties of the slurry was studied. The results show that oleic acid as a dispersant has the effect of reducing the viscosity of the slurry. When the mass fraction of oleic acid added is 1% of the kaolin powder, the viscosity of the slurry is the lowest, while the viscosity of the 40%(volume fraction) kaolin slurry is 49.56 Pa·s. Adding plasticizer PEG-300 can further reduce the viscosity of the slurry. The viscosity of the slurry decreases with the addition of plasticizer. When the plasticizer is added in the mass fraction of 20% of the photosensitive resin, the viscosity of the slurry decreases to 19.77 Pa·s, at which the requirement for good recoating is well met. The slurry with optimized rheological properties is formed in a stereolithography apparatus. After debinding and sintering, kaolin ceramics with complex shape are obtained.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum miRNA-21 and miR-27b levels and prognosis of patients with renal clear cell carcinoma. Methods A total of 118 patients with renal clear cell carcinoma admitted to the Qinghai University Hospital from February 2019 to April 2021 were selected as the study subjects, and another 118 healthy patients in the same period as the control group. Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-21 and miR-27b in the serum of all subjects. The relative expression levels of serum miR-21 and miR-27b between the patients with renal clear cell carcinoma and healthy control patients were compared. The expression and correlation of serum miR-21 and miR-27b in the patients with renal clear cell carcinoma of different pathological stages and Fuhrman grading were analyzed. The relationship between the expression of serum miR-21 and miR-27b and the survival and prognosis of the patients was explored as well. Results The expression levels of serum miR-21 and miR-27b in the patients with renal clear cell carcinoma were higher than those in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). The serum miR-21 expression level in stage IE patients was higher than in stage I (P < 0.05), while the serum miR-21 expression level in the stage IV patients was higher than that in stages I, II, and IE (P < 0.05). The expression level of miR-27b in the serum of patients gradually increased across the four stages, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). The pathological staging was positively correlated with the expression of miR-21 and miR-27b (P < 0.001). The expression levels of miR-21 and miR-27b in serum of patients gradually increased across grades I, E and IE by Fuhrman grading, with significant difference (P < 0.05). Fuhrman grading was positively correlated with the serum miR-21 and miR-27b expression (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the survival curve between the miR-21 high expression group and the low expression group ( P < 0.05 ) . There was a statistically significant difference in the survival curve between the high expression group and the low expression group of miR-27b (P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression levels of serum miR-21 and miR-27b in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma is indicative of the progression and prognosis of the patient's condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the influencing factors on urinary control after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in elderly patients. Methods Clinical data of 180 elderly patients with prostate cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on whether urinary incontinence has occurred, the patients were divided into the observation group (43 cases with urinary incontinence) and the control group (137 cases without urinary incontinence). Univariate analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of urinary control after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in the elderly, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of urinary control after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in the elderly. Survey factors included age, body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus, history of hypertension, prostate volume, past TURP history, intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion, post-operative pathological T staging, post-operative pathological margin, length of urethral reserve, Gleason score, bladder neck intact preservation. Results The univariate analysis revealed no statistical differences in the history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion, post-operative pathological T stage, post-operative pathological margin and Gleason score between the two groups (P>0. 05), and significant differences in age, body mass index, prostate volume, past TURP history, urethral retention length, bladder neck intact preservation (P <0. 05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the differences in the above univariate analysis were statistically significant. Multivariate analysis showed that age, body mass index, prostate volume, TURP history, urethral retention length and bladder neck intact retention were risk factors for urinary control after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in the elderly. Conclusion Urinary control after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in the elderly has many influencing factors. To reduce the incidence of urinary incontinence after prostate cancer surgery and improve the life quality of patients, some effective measures should be taken to address these risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginseng by-products mainly include ginseng residue, and unused ginseng stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and roots, etc. They are rich in ginsenoside, ginseng polysaccharide, and other active substances, and have a variety of biological functions such as improving immunity, anti-fatigue, bacteriostasis, and anti-virus. At present, ginseng by-products are primarily treated as waste, which not only maximize their effects but also resulting in a waste of resources. Ginseng by-products have good application prospects in animal production. Ginseng residue, as well as ginseng stems and leaves, can be used as dietary components or additives, and the ginsenoside found in ginseng stems and leaves can also serve as an adjuvant for animal vaccines. Therefore, the paper reviews the biological functions and application in animal production of ginseng by-products, to provide a reference for improving the comprehensive utilization rate of ginseng by-products and improving animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocurable coal-series kaolin slurry was prepared based on photocurable resin system. The rheological properties of the slurry were characterized by a rheometer. The effect of dispersant and plasticizer addition on the rheological properties of the slurry was studied. The results show that oleic acid as a dispersant has the effect of reducing the viscosity of the slurry. When the mass fraction of oleic acid added is 1% of the kaolin powder, the viscosity of the slurry is the lowest, while the viscosity of the 40%(volume fraction) kaolin slurry is 49.56 Pa·s. Adding plasticizer PEG-300 can further reduce the viscosity of the slurry. The viscosity of the slurry decreases with the addition of plasticizer. When the plasticizer is added in the mass fraction of 20% of the photosensitive resin, the viscosity of the slurry decreases to 19.77 Pa·s, at which the requirement for good recoating is well met. The slurry with optimized rheological properties is formed in a stereolithography apparatus. After debinding and sintering, kaolin ceramics with complex shape are obtained.

The TiO2/reduced graphene oxide composite, synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method, was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrum, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to observe the crystal structure, intensity of functional group, microstructure and optical property. The composite material was synthesized by using glucose, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as inducing agents, respectively. The structure and photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange (MO) of the composite were investigated. The results reveal that the composite induced by glucose and SDS shows the highest activity, whose degradation rate can be up to 92% in 30min. However, 120 minutes is necessary for the commercial P25 to remove 90% methyl orange (MO). Compared with the composite prepared by self-assembly with no inducing agent, there are no obvious difference existing in the one induced by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in terms of photocatalytic reactivity.

The flow stress behavior of 15%SiCP/8009 aluminum matrix composite at deformation temperature of 400-550 ℃ and strain rate of 0.001-1 s-1 was studied by hot compression testing on the Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulator. The results show that the flow stress increases initially and reaches a plateau after peak stress value with the increase of strain. The peak stress increases with the increase of strain rate and deformation temperature. The flow stress behavior can be described by the hyperbolic sine constitutive equation with the deformation activation energy Q of 488.3853 kJ/mol and the stress index n of 7.19022.

A new type of designing scheme of spur gear differential used in vehicle drive axle is put forward,its operating principle and characters are analyzed in detail. According to the design project,the design and assemble of axle shaft gear,planet gear,planet carrier and others are created in Pro / E,and imported into ADAMS / View. Then the kinematic simulation and analysis of its two different working conditions of straight driving and handling driving are carried out. The analysis results show that spur gear differential not only can achieve automobile driving axle differential function,but also have advantage of simple construction and easy machining.

The development of anode materials with ideal conductivity, ultra-fast ion diffusion energy and large storage capacity is of great significance for rechargeable ion batteries, but also still challenging. In this work, the potential of two-dimensional MgB2 as an anode material of alkali metal (Na and K) ion batteries was explored via first-principles calculation. The results show that MgB2 has good structural stability and electrochemical performance. Specifically, Na and K ions can be stably adsorbed on two-dimensional MgB2, and the diffusion barrier is 0. 302 and 0. 172 eV, respectively, indicating its high performance in ultra-fast charging and discharging process. More importantly, the maximum storage capacities of two-dimensional MgB2 for sodium ion and potassium ion batteries are 1 167 and 584 mA ⋅ h/g, respectively. These results demonstrate that two-dimensional MgB2 can be used as a promising anode material for sodium ion and potassium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the influence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control measures on the transmission and epidemic of influenza in Chongqing, so as to provide references for formulating targeted influenza prevention and control strategies. Methods The influenza surveillance data, during the year 2018 to 2020, were collected through the "China Influenza Surveillance Information System", and the seasonal characteristics of influenza epidemic were analyzed. The percentage of influenza like cases (ILI%) and influenza virus positive rate between 2020 and 2018-2019 were compared, so as to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 prevention and control measures on influenza epidemic characteristics. Results The annual proportions of ILI cases in Chongqing were respectively 3.53%, 2.23% and 1.2% from 2018 to 2020, while the positive rates of influenza virus were respectively 13.97%, 23.81% and 2.65%. The distribution trend of ILI% from 2018 to 2019 fluctuated were similar, but it continued to drop and remain at a low level since February 2020. The positive rate of influenza virus showed an epidemic peak from December to March in 2018-2019, also peaked from November 2019 to January 2020, but decreased to 0 in March. ILI% was positively correlated with the positive rate of influenza virus (r= 0.404 8, P<0.05). In 2020, compared with the same period of 2018-2019, the growth rate of ILI% was -66.09% and -46.32%, respectively. The positive rate of influenza virus in 2020 decreased by 81.03% and 88.87% compared with the same period of 2018-2019, respectively. The growth rates of influenza virus positive rate in January 2020 were decreased with a small rate of about 39.87%, and with a significantly decline of more than 93.65% from February. No influenza epidemic was found after March. Conclusions Since COVID-19 prevention and control measures were implemented in January 2020 in Chongqing, the ILI% and the positive rate of influenza virus in sentinel hospitals decreased significantly. In the season of high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases, personal protection and other measures can effectively reduce influenza virus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the wearing characters of shield cutters in the sandy and pebble composite stratum with the combination of tearing cutters and scrapers, the characteristics of the cutter wear in the composite stratum mixed with sandy gravel soil and silty clay are analyzed based on the cutter wearing situations during shield tunneling in composite stratum in the project of Tsinghua Garden Shield Tunnel of Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway. First, the actual situations of shield opening inspection and the characteristics of the scraper and the tearing knife are summarized. Next, different formation conditions are classified and how the wearing of the tearing knife changes with the length of the cutting path and installation radius is analyzed. The result shows that when the content of silty clay in the ground is more than that of sand and pebble soil, the wearing of cutting tool can be divided into three stages, and the maximum allowable cutting trajectory is 1 500 km; when sand and pebble soil are the majority, the cutting tool wearing is divided into two stages, and the maximum allowable cutting trajectory is less than 800 km. Also, the frequent replacement and abnormal wearing of the outer tearing knife is analyzed, which indicates that the replacement of the outer tearing knife is more likely to cause stress concentration of the tool and aggravate wearing. Finally, corresponding improvement measures for tool replacement and control of tunneling parameters are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the complicated organic components, high concentration and wide variation range in the treatment of landfill leachate, there are more foam which is difficult to eliminate, seriously affecting the evaporation and water quality in the evaporation and concentration process. According to the characteristics of high temperature, complicated composition and high foam in evaporation and concentration process, this paper introduces a poly ether modified silicone defoaming agent. The agent has excellent defoaming performance and stability at high temperature. It not only effectively controls bubble overflow in the process of evaporation and concentration, but also keeps the water clean. Every tons of garbage requires 0. 193 kg defoaming agent for leachate and concentrate, which can greatly reduce the cost, and is expected to be widely used in the treatment of landfill leachate in urban cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilience refers to the dynamic process of individual's positive adaptation to adversity, which is closely related to the symptoms of mental disorders and can be improved through intervention. This paper reviews the definition, evaluation method and intervention of resilience, and proposes that resilience can be used as an indicator of mental disorders related to stressor exposure, which has certain reference significance for improving individual resilience and promoting individual mental health development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a two-dimensional carbon-based nano-material, graphene has wide optical absorption range, high specific surface area, excellent thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. In order to further enhance the light absorption performance of graphene and reduce the agglomeration between graphene sheets, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes are introduced through a simple hydrothermal reduction method to composite with graphene to obtain a three-dimensional graphene-based photothermal material. The specific suffice area of the photothermal material is significantly enhanced and the suffice becomes rougher. It has open microporous structure as well. The material is characterized and evaluated in desalination of artificial seawater. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and so on are used to characterize the material, and effective combination between graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes are observed. It is found that the light absorbance of graphene-carbon nanotube composite aerogel could reach 92 % in the range of 200-2500 nm through UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer (UV-vis-NIR.) analysis. The evaporation rate of artificial seawater could reach 2.287 kg/(m² · h) when the composite aerogel is used for solar-steam generation, and the photothermal conversion efficiency could reach 96.88%. These results indicate that graphenecarbon nanotube composite aerogel has a good photothermal conversion performance, and would have a broad application prospect in seawater desalination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the complicated calculation problem of the 20SiMn alloy steel roughness simulation value, the relationship between the internal strain energy and roughness was established by combining the Castigliano's theorem of the energy method and the characterization definition of roughness. Through finite element analysis, the roughness simulation value Rai and roughness value Raii obtained by using the internal strain energy were compared. The results show that when the static pressure parameters are 100 N, 300 N and 600 N respectively, the variation law of roughness simulation value Rai is consistent with that of Raii. The experiment proves that the internal strain energy of the material can be used to analyze the roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the noise of the electric vehicle reducer, a combined method of tooth profile modification and skew angle correction modification was proposed by using KISSsoft software platform. The proposed method was validated by KISSsoft simulation and noise, vibration, harshness (NVH) test. The results show that the maximum fluctuation of the transmission error curve of the first gear pair is reduced to 0.918 µm with a reduction rate of 14. 04%. The maximum value of the contact stress is reduced to 1 524.73 MPa with a reduction rate of 6.55%, and the fluctuation of the transmission error and the contact stress are effectively improved. After the modification, the maximum noise is 70.82 dB with a decrease of 15.04%. The noise of the electric vehicle reducer is effectively optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the shoot quality and economic profit, appearance quality, content of nutrient, flavour substance and amino acid in Phyllostachos promineos shoot from soil covered bamboo cultivation stand (one-year soil covered stand, two-year soil covered stand and non-covered stand) were investigated, and effects of soil covered cultivation on shoot quality and palatability were also analyzed. The results showed that compared to non-covered stand, individual weight increased by 107.58% for one-year soil covered stand and 165.73% for two-year soil covered stand, while edible parts ratios increased by 8.77% for one-year soil covered stand and 13.63% for two-year soil covered stand. Further more, there was significant difference among different soil-covered stand on individuai weight and edible parts ratios of P. promineos shoot. Shoot length of soil covered stand was higher than that of non-covered stand, and there was no difference on shoot length between one-year soil covered stand and two-year soil covered stand. No difference on shoot diameter existed between one-year soil covered stand and non-covered stand, but those all was lower than shoot diameter of two-year soil covered stand. Compared to non-covered stand, content of protein, tannin, oxalic acid, total acid, cellulose. lignin and amino acid of P. prominens shoot in soil covered stand decreased apparently overall. while soluble sugar. fat and ratio of sugar to acid of P. prominens shoot form soil covered stand increased obviously. Proportion of delicious. sweet and aromatic amino acid increased, and bitter amino acid proportion of P. prominens shoot in soil covered stand decreased. All results indicated that shoot appearance quality of soil covered stand enhanced obviously. and fragrance and sweetness increased obviously. while acid and astringent taste of P. prominens shoot form soil covered stand decreased evidently. shoot quality and palatability enhanced greatly, and the effects on shoot quality and palatability of two-year soil coverage were more evident and beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the physiological adaptive mechanism of Phyllostachys violascens to intensive mulching management, the effect of mulching management (CK, 1, 3 and 6 years) on the concentrations and ratios of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in bamboo foliage, and their stoichiometry was investigated. The results showed the concentrations of NSC and soluble sugar increased, while the starch content and N/P decreased markedly in bamboo stand with 1-year mulching, compared to CK stand, which suggested the N limitation to bamboo growth was strengthened. Foliar soluble sugar content decreased significantly, while the starch content increased dramatically, and the NSC content by per unit mass of N and P reached the maximum in the bamboo stand with 3-year mulching, compared to all other treatments. Foliar NSC and soluble sugar contents decreased significantly, while foliar starch content and N/P increased dramatically in the stand with 6-year mulching, which suggested the P limitation to bamboo growth was strengthened. Foliar NSC content was positively correlated with N and P concentrations in a shortterm mulching management stand (⩽3 years), while showed negative relationship with N/P. The foliar starch content in the stand with 6-year mulching was negatively correlated with N and P contents, while was positively correlated with N/P. The results indicated that short-term mulching management accelerated the accumulation of soluble sugar and decomposition of starch in foliage, thus the growth and activity of Ph. violascens was enhanced greatly. Long-term mulching management promoted the starch accumulation, which led to the transition irom N limitation to P limitation for bamboo growth. In summary, long-term (6 years) mulching management caused the decrease of growth and activity of Ph. violascens dramatically, thus enhancing the bamboo stand degradation. The utilization efficiency of N and P reached the highest in the stand with 3-year mulching, which implied 3-year was the best suitable period for intensive mulching management for maintaining bamboo stand quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation of Chinese American literature can be regarded as a special genre of back-translation. Given that no source text exists in the process of back-translation, it is called rootless back-translation. This paper attempts to explore rootless back-translation in the Chinese American novel Joy Luck Club from the perspective of reception theory. Comparing the two Chinese versions by Tian Qing and Cheng Naishan, it presents different translation strategies and methods adopted by different translators, which proves that different translators may be concerned about different target readers and have different translation purposes. It is suggested that translation of Chinese American literature be put into the framework of reception theory and the effects of such translation factors as translation purpose, translation strategy and method, translator and readers upon rootless back-translation be explored so as to guide the Chinese translation practice of Chinese American literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phyllostachys violascens is a favorite bamboo shoot species that has been widely planted in southern China. High rate of fertilization and heavy winter mulch have been a common practice to gain a good yield and better economic benefit. However, the longterm use of the above techniques can also result in a series of negative environmental and ecological consequences, such as degradation of soil physical and biological properties, increases in soil heavy metal concentrations, premature degradation of bamboo forest ecosystems. In order to reveal the degradation mechanism of mulched stand of P. violascens forest,and provide theoretical guidence for regeneration of degraded bamboo forest, leaf nutrient concentration, nutrient stoichiometry, and nutrient resorption efficiency of 2-year culms from short-term mulching (1 a), respite-mulching (mulched 3 a and rest 3 a), long-term mulching (6 a)and non mulching stand(CK)were analyzed, as well as their relationships with soil nutrient characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that short-term and the respite-mulching treatment increased mature leavf N, P, K concentrations and leaf nutrient resorp-tion effiency compared with CK. Leaf P concentration, N, P resorption efficiency were influenced by long-term mulching, which increased mature leavf P concentration and leaf N resorption efficiency, and decreased leaf K resorption efficiency. Compared with CK, the short-term mulching and respite-mulching treatment did not affect stoichiometric ratio in leaves and soil, but long-term mulching treatment led to a decline in N:P and K:P.Compared with CK, short-term mulching treatment increased the correlation among soil and leaf nutrient concentration, nutrient stoichi-ometry, and nutrient resorption efficiency, but the correlation weakened with the increasing of mulching years. All results showed that soil nutrient concentrations and their balances remarkably influenced leaf nutrient characteristics. The correlation among soil and leaf nutrient characteristics became less correlated, and the absorption capacity of nutrients declined in the long-term mulched stand. The respite-mulching management should be applied in production practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to warn the red tide as early as possible, we designed a network of wireless sensors on moving buoys. Each moving buoy was installed with sensors which was used to measure the ocean physical parameters. There were dissolved oxygen sensor, pH sensor, temperature sensor and illumination sensor. We made a design of the sensor network circuit for real-time marine monitoring. Then the data were sent to shore stations by the wireless monitoring system. People could visually denote changes of water based on the data analysis results with PC, and provided new thinking of designing about red tide monitoring for the researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced the basic SNM and analyzed its deficiency, and put forward a amelioration method of SNM. To avoid missing comparison and reduce excrescent comparison, adopting changing flexible window method, which changed the size of window dynamically. Solved the problem of subjectivity and inaccurate with fixed field weight offer by man-made by using dynamic adjusting ranking method, and according the record similarity to adjust the rank of field. And it transferred the ranking of field to weight by rank-based weights method. The experiments on the data from the information system show the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed method. At the same time, these two methods are the same with other approximately duplicate records examine methods which based on sorted-merge, advancing the efficiency and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using open-top chambers (OTCs) to simulate the scenes of elevated CO2 concentrations [500 μmol·mol-1 (T1) and 700 μmol·mol-1 (T2)], and taking ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration as the control (CK), this paper studied the effects of elevated CO2 concentration on the lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidation enzyme system in Indocalamus decorus, Pleioblastus kongosanensis, and Sasa glabra leaves. After 103 days treatment, the O2 - and MDA contents, relative electron conduction, and soluble sugar content in the three dwarf ornamental bamboo species leaves in T1 had no obvious change, but the activities of anti-oxidation enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) changed to a certain extent. In T2, the MDA content and relative electron conduction had no obvious change, but the O2 - and soluble sugar contents and the anti-oxidation enzymes activities changed obviously. The adaptation capacity of the three bamboo species to elevated CO2 concentration was in the order of I. decorus > P. kongosanensis > S. glabra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking pure Oligostachyum lubricum forest as test object, this paper studied the matured and withered leaves carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry and N and P resorption patterns of 1-3 years old stands at the densities of 24600-29800 stem · hm-2 (D1), 37500-42600 stem . hm-2 ( D2 ), 46500 - 52800 stem · hm-2 ( D3 ), and 76500 - 85500 stem.hm-2 (D4). With increasing stand density, the matured leaves C, N, and P contents and withered leaves C and P contents had an overall decrease, the withered leaves N content decreased after an initial increase, and the matured leaves C content at density D4 decreased dramatically. The leaf C/ N and C/ P ratio increased with increasing stand density, whereas the leaf N/ P ratio increased first but decreased then. At stand densities D3 and D4, the leaf N and P utilization efficiencies were significantly higher than those at D1 and D2. With increasing stand density, theleaf N resorption capacity increased after an initial decrease, while the leaf P resorption capacity increased steadily. At stand densities D1 -D3, the matured leaves N/ P ratio was 16. 24-19. 37, suggesting that the P limitation occurred, leaf establishment increased, and population increase and expansion enhanced. At density D4, the matured leaves N/ P ratio was 13. 42-15. 74, implying that the N limitation strengthened, leaf withering and defoliation increased, and population increase inhibited. All the results indicated that O. lubricum could regulate its leaf C, N and P contents and stoichiometry and enhance the leaf N and P utilization efficiency and resorption capacity to adapt to the severe competition of environment resources at high stand density. In our experimental condition, 46500-52800 stem.hm-2 could be the appropriate stand density for O. lubricum management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effect of accelerometer and its mounting technique on the results of vehicle crash simulation test, the popular piezoresistance and capacitive silicon accelerometers are used to measure the results of simulation tests in acceleration and deceleration sleds for different crash simulation waveforms. The parameters including output deviation, correlation function, impact energy and shock response spectra (SRS) of accelerometers with different types, locations, and mounting techniques are calculated and analyzed through tools like DIAdem and Matlab. The results show that in time and frequency domains the difference types and mounting techniques of accelerometers have no obvious influence on measured results of regular waveform simulation, but do have influence to some degrees on those of random waveform simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vehicle model with active suspension system is built, and the LQG control algorithm is adopted with both road roughness and the roll moment of car body as disturbance signals of vehicle system, the optimal control force for vehicle steering operation is calculated. Then a co-simulation on the coordinated control of the ride comfort and handling stability of vehicle running on A-class road and C-class road is conducted with step and single-cycle sine wave inputs of steering wheel respectively. The results show that compared with passive suspension, the coordinated control strategy proposed for active suspension can enhance the handling stability of vehicle without impeding the improvement of ride comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a corpus-based study of The Bonesetter's Daughter by Amy Tan, the frequency of "family" and words related to "family" is firstly counted in order to explore the family complex and the evolution of Confucian family ethics in Chinese American literature. Secondly, both the essences and dregs of Chinese Confucian family ethics are discussed from Amy Tan's dual cultural perspectives of the Chinese and the American. Finally, Yuyingtang, a family Utopia is created in The Bonesetter's Daughter by which Amy Tan's ideal Sino-American family ethics is successfully formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the spatial differences in urban ecosystem carrying capacity, and by using geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis technology and system dynamics (SD) model, this paper ascertained the moderate population size in urban area and its subareas, and presented an alternative method for quantitatively allocate the population. This method was applied in Changzhou, a city with more than three million populations in East China. A SD model consisted of population, economy, land and environment modules for the city was established and scenario analysis was made. The results showed that under the requirements of satisfying both economic development and environmental protection, the total population in the city in 2050 would reach nearly 4 million, and according to the differences in the urban ecosystem carrying capacity, a spatial allocation pattern of 2.4 million populations in main city and 150000-400000 populations in each of 5 new towns was proposed. This study could provide scientific support for the spatial allocation of population and economy in country land development and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To compare and analyze the effect of unanatomic and long centric complete occlusal denture on the satisfaction of edentulous patients and mastication. METHODS: Sixty edentulous patients with severe resorption of residual ridge were treated with unanatomic occlusal and long centric occlusal complete dentures. One month and three months after wearing dentures, the satisfaction evaluation from edentulous patients for the different complete dentures was analyzed, and the masticatory stroke was tested, the masticatory efficiency of the two complete dentures was detected by light absorption method. SPSS 11.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Compared with unanatomie occlusal dentures, appearance, pronunciation and comfort of long centric occlusal denture wearers were not significantly different for one and three months (P>0.05). But the masticatory function of long centric occlusal denture wearers was significantly better than anatomic occlusal denture wearers (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Modified occlusion is feasible for restoration of masticatory efficiency of edentulous patients using long centric occlusal complete dentures, and they are more acceptable by edentulous patients with severe resorption of residual ridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) has good physical, chemical and biological properties and is suitable for the treatment of deciduous caries, aged root surface caries and wedge-shaped defects. Surface treatment is a common method to improve bonding strength, which can improve physical and chemical retention between different components. This paper mainly introduces the current research status of the influence of different dentin surface treatment methods on the bonding strength of RMGIC. At present, the common dentin surface treatment methods are pretreatment, acid etching, laser treatment, etc. The pretreatment agent can improve the bond strength of RMGIC by increasing the surface area and porosity of dentin. The bond strength of RMGIC could be effectively improved after the dentin was treated by an acid-etching bonding system. The dentin was treated with a laser to obtain a higher bonding strength. However, whether the use of resin adhesives will affect the release of fluoride ions in RMGIC into the deep dentin and thus affect the repair effect also needs further research.

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are an emerging class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are widely detected in environmental matrices and human samples. Because of their environmental persistence, long-range transport potential, bioaccumulation potential, and biotoxicity, SCCPs pose a significant threat to human health. In this study, metabolomics technology was applied to reveal the metabolomic interference in human normal hepatic (L02) cells after exposure to low (1 μg/L), moderate (10 μg/L), and high (100 μg/L) doses of SCCPs. Principal component analysis (PCA) and metabolic effect level index (MELI) values showed that all three SCCP doses caused notable metabolic perturbations in L02 cells. A total of 72 metabolites that were annotated by MS/MS and matched with the experimental spectra in the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) or validated by commercially available standards were selected as differential metabolites (DMs) across all groups. The low-dose exposure group shared 33 and 36 DMs with the moderate- and high-dose exposure groups, respectively. The moderate-dose exposure group shared 46 DMs with the high-dose exposure group. In addition, 33 DMs were shared among the three exposure groups. Among the 72 DMs, 9, 9, and 45 metabolites participated in the amino acid, nucleotide, and lipid metabolism pathways, respectively. The results of pathway enrichment analysis showed that the most relevant metabolic pathways affected by SCCPs were the lipid metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation, and nucleotide metabolism pathways, and that compared with low-dose exposure, moderate- and high-dose SCCP exposures caused more notable perturbations of these metabolic pathways in L02 cells. Exposure to SCCPs perturbed glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. Significant alterations in the levels of phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and sphingomyelins indicated SCCP-induced biomembrane damage. SCCPs inhibited fatty acid β-oxidation by decreasing the levels of short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines in L02 cells, indicating that the energy supplied by fatty acid oxidation was reduced in these cells. Furthermore, compared with low- and moderate-dose SCCPs, high-dose SCCPs produced a significantly stronger inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation. In addition, SCCPs perturbed nucleotide metabolism. The higher hypoxanthine levels observed in L02 cells after SCCP exposures indicate that SCCPs may induce several adverse effects, including hypoxia, reactive oxygen species production, and mutagenesis in L02 cells.

Objective: To investigate the significance of Tim-3 and Galectin-9 in Th1/Th2 imbalance in patients with multiple myeloma (MM)., Methods: 55 newly diagnosed MM patients and 20 healthy controls were included. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of Tim-3 on CD4 + T cells, the proportion of Th1, Th2, Tim-3 + Th1 and Tim-3 + Th2 cells in peripheral blood. ELISA was used to detect the levels of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 in serum, and PCR was used to detect the level of Galectin-9 mRNA. Then the correlations between Galectin-9 mRNA expression and Th-cell subsets and related cytokine levels, as well as the relationship between Tim-3 + Th1/Tim-3 + Th2 ratio and corresponding clinical features were analyzed., Results: Compared with the control group, the expression of Tim-3 on CD4 + T cells in peripheral blood of MM patients was significantly increased ( P <0.05), the proportions of Tim-3 + Th1 cells, Tim-3 + Th2 cells and Tim-3 + Th1/Tim-3 + Th2 ratio in MM patients were also increased ( P <0.05), while the proportion of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 ratio in MM patients were significantly decreased ( P <0.05). The level of cytokine IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in MM patients were significantly decreased ( P <0.05), while the level of cytokine IL-4 was increased ( P <0.05). The mRNA levels of Galectin-9 in MM patients were significantly increased ( P <0.05). The levels of Galectin-9 mRNA were positively correlated with Tim-3 + CD4 + T cells ( r =0.663), Tim-3 + Th2 cells ( r =0.492) and IL-4 ( r =0.470), while negatively correlated with IFN-γ ( r =-0.593). The ratios of Tim-3 + Th1/Tim-3 + Th2 in MM patients were positively correlated with ISS stage ( r =0.511), osteolytic damage ( r =0.556) and chromosome abnormality ( r =0.632)., Conclusion: These results suggest that Tim-3 and Galectin-9 are involved in Th1/Th2 imbalance in MM patients, and the high ratio of Tim-3 + Th1/Tim-3 + Th2 is associated with poor clinical prognosis.

Purpose: To compare the clinical effects of invisible correction and SGTB in two-stage treatment of mandibular retrusion., Methods: Eighty-five patients with bony mandibular regression who did not pass the peak of growth and development were selected. Among them, 40 cases were guided by invisible correction and 45 cases were guided by SGTB functional correction. Lateral head X-rays before and after treatment were measured, and the effect before and after treatment was compared by SPSS 16.0 software package., Results: After treatment, the SNB angle and NP-FH (face angle) increased and the ANB angle decreased in both groups, all of which had significant changes(P＜0.001). At T1, the changes of SNB angle, ANB angle and NP-FH angle in the invisible group were smaller than those in the SGTB group(P＜0.05). The difference between MP-FH angle and MP-SN angle before and after treatment was greater in the SGTB group than in the invisible group(P＜0.001)., Conclusions: In patients with receding mandible before the peak of growth and development, the mandible was significantly moved forward after orthodontics. Both invisible orthodontics and SGTB promote changes in the position of the mandible, improves coordination between the upper and lower jaws. In the control of the posterior teeth in the vertical direction, the invisible group is stronger than the SGTB group.