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To investigate the impact and potential mechanisms of extracts from different parts of Liparis nervosa on neuroinflammation by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells. The materials of L. nervosa were subjected to crushing, ethanol extraction, and concentration to obtain an alcohol extract. Subsequently, the extract was further extracted to obtain petroleum ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, N-butanol extract, and aqueous phase extract. The ethyl acetate extract was separated into distillate(1)-(6)using D101 macroporous resin column chromatography. The experiment was divided into control group, LPS model group, L. nervosa extract group, and LPS + L. nervosa group. LPS was utilized to induce a neuroinflammatory cell model in BV-2 microglial cells. The Griess test was utilized for detecting the production of nitric oxide(NO) in the cell supernatant. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The release of interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) in the cell supernatant was quantified using ELISA.RT-qPCR was utilized to assess the m RNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), interleukin( IL)-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The protein expression of i NOS, COX-2, nuclear factor kappa-B p65(p65), p-p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK), p-ERK, c-jun N-terminal kinase(JNK), p-JNK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38), and p-p38 MAPK(p-p38) were also evaluated by Western blot. The chemical composition of active substances in L. nervosa was analyzed using the UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap technology and literature comparison. Our findings indicate that extracts from different parts of L. nervosa exhibit a significant reduction in the release of NO from LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells.Specifically, the ethyl acetate extract demonstrates the most notable inhibitory effect without causing cell toxicity. Additionally, the distillate(6) extracted from the ethyl acetate exhibits a reduction in the m RNA and protein levels of i NOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner, and it inhibits the protein expression of p-p65, p-ERK, p-p38, and p-JNK in LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells. A total of 79 compounds in the distillate(6) were identified by mass spectrometry, including 12 confirmed compounds with anti-inflammatory effects. This study confirmed the remarkable efficacy of L. nervosa extract in the treatment of neuroinflammation, which may be achieved through the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Objective: To investigate the association between physical exercise and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in people infected with HBV. Methods: The information about the 3 813 participants infected with HBV, including the prevalence of NAFLD, prevalence of physical exercise and other covariates, were collected from the National Science and Technology Major Project of China during 2016-2020. The logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between physical exercise and NAFLD in HBV infected patients, and subgroup analysis was performed to identify the effect modifiers. Results: A total of 2 259 HBV infected participants were included in the final analysis and 454 (20.10%) had NAFLD. After adjusting for covariates, we found that moderate physical exercise was a protective factor for NAFLD ( OR =0.66, 95% CI : 0.46-0.94). Subgroup analysis suggested that the protective effect of moderate physical exercise on NAFLD might be stronger in women ( OR =0.61, 95% CI : 0.36-1.01), those <45 years old ( OR =0.24, 95% CI : 0.06-0.80), those who had low education level ( OR =0.16, 95% CI : 0.04-0.49), those who had low annual income ( OR =0.39, 95% CI : 0.16-0.89 for <30 000 yuan RMB; OR =0.64, 95% CI : 0.40-1.00 for 30 000-80 000 yuan RMB), those who had hypertension ( OR =0.45, 95% CI : 0.21-0.88), those with BMI ≥24.0 kg/m 2 ( OR =0.66, 95% CI : 0.43-1.01), those who had more daily fruit or vegetable intake ( OR =0.61, 95% CI : 0.38-0.97), those who had more daily meat intake ( OR =0.49, 95% CI : 0.23-0.97), and those who had no smoking history ( OR =0.66, 95% CI : 0.45-0.95) or passive smoking exposure ( OR =0.61, 95% CI : 0.37-0.97). Conclusions: Among HBV infected patients, moderate physical exercise was negatively associated with the prevalence of NAFLD. Women, young people, those who had low education level, those who had low annual income, those with hypertension, those with high BMI, those who had more daily fruit or vegetable and meat intakes, and those who had no smoking history or passive smoking exposure might be more sensitive to the protective effect.

Objective: To investigate the effect of intra-articular berberine injection on the structural remodeling of subchondral bone plate and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(OPG/RANKL) system expression in rabbits with osteoarthritis(OA)., Methods: Forty 12-month-old male rabbits with an average of(2.73±0.18) kg of body weight, underwent left anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT), and were divided into berberine group and placebo groups after operation, 20 rabbits in each group. The berberine group received intra-articular injection of 100 μmol/L berberine 0.3 ml every week for 6 weeks. In placebo group, the same dose of 0.9% sodium chloride injection was injected into the left knee joint cavity every week for 6 weeks. Another 20 12-month-old male rabbits, weighing (2.68±0.18) kg, underwent sham operation on the left knee joint without intra-articular injection intervention (sham operation group). On the last day of the sixth week after operation, three groups of animals were sacrificed to obtain knee joint specimens. The femoral medial condyle samples were obtained for histological evaluation of cartilage and subchondral bone, Mankin scoring system was used to evaluate articular cartilage structure. Image-Pro Plus(IPP) software was used to evaluate subchondral bone plate bone volume(BV), bone volume/total volume(BV/TV), trabecular circumference(TC), mean trabecular thickness (Tb.Th). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerization Enzyme chain reaction(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of OPG and RANKL in subchondral bone tissue at 6 weeks after operation., Results: The cartilage structure evaluation showed that the surface of cartilage tissue in the sham operation group was smooth and flat, and the safranin coloration was full in the full thickness of the cartilage;the cartilage tissue in the berberine group showed uneven surface layer, and the staining of safranin O was mildly decreased;the surface layer fibrosis was seen in placebo group, Safranin O faded significantly. The Mankin score in the berberine group was lower than that in placebo group( P <0.01), but higher than that in sham operation group( P <0.01). The structural evaluation of subchondral bone plate showed that the trabecular bone in sham-operated group was densely arranged;after berberine intervention, the trabeculae were closely arranged;the subchondral bone trabeculae in placebo group were relatively sparse, and the distance between trabeculae was wider. Subchondral bone plate IPP software evaluation showed that BV, BV/TV, TC, Tb.Th in berberine group were higher than those in placebo group( P <0.01), BV, BV/TV, TC, Tb.Th in berberine group were higher than those in placebo group( P <0.01), while lower than the sham operation group ( P <0.01). PCR test results showed that the expression of OPG mRNA in the berberine group was significantly higher than that in placebo group( P <0.01), and OPG mRNA in the berberine group was lower than that in sham operation group ( P <0.01). There was no significant difference in mRNA expression of RANKL among three groups( P >0.05);the ratio of OPG/RANKL in berberine group was higher than that in placebo group( P <0.01), but lower than that in sham operation group( P <0.01)., Conclusion: Intra-articular injection of berberine can effectively inhibit the resorption of subchondral bone in the early stage of OA and delay the development of the disease. The specific mechanism may be that berberine maintains the balance of OPG/RANKL system by up-regulating the expression of OPG gene in subchondral bone.

Objective: To study the significance and effect of methylation status of sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) gene promoter, and to investigate the effect of demethylation on the cell proliferation and invasion in BGC-823 gastric cancer cells., Methods: Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to assess the role of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) in the methylation of SOX2 promoter in the BGC-823 cell lines treated with different concentration of 5-Aza-CdR. We mapped the expression of SOX2 in the BGC-823 cell lines by the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting before and after treatment of 5-Aza-CdR. The survival of BGC-823 cells were detected by MTT assay. The invasion and migration of BGC-823 cells were investigated by transwell methods, and the migration of BGC-823 cells was also assessed by the scratch assay exposed to 5-Aza-CdR or vehicle control. Model of transplanted tumor on nude mouse were used to study the anticancer effect of 5-Aza-CdR in vivo by qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry., Results: The methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-CdR restored the loss of SOX2 expression in BGC-823 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA and protein expression of SOX2 had significant difference between the gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa (mRNA levels: 22.80±0.36 vs 20.36±0.45, P<0.05; protein levels: 0.49±0.01 vs 0.91±0.28, P<0.05). It also had significant difference among the BGC-823 cell lines treated with 5-Aza-CdR of the different concentrations (0, 1 and 10 μmol/L) (mRNA levels: 22.99±0.42 vs 21.78±0.41 vs 20.51±0.47, P<0.05; protein levels: 0.65±0.19 vs 0.73±0.13 vs 0.83±0.14, P<0.05). Compared with the control group (5-Aza-CdR concentration of 0 μmol/L), the survival rates of BGC-823 cell lines were significantly decreased in treatment groups (5-Aza-CdR concentrations of 1, 10 and 20 μmol/L, all P<0.05). Restored expression of SOX2 in the BGC-823 cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and cell migration (P<0.05). Model of transplanted tumor on nude mouse in the 5-Aza-CdR group eventually had the smaller tumor size, the lighter tumor weight and the longer survival time than these in the PBS group [(286.6±37.5) vs (540.7±42.6)mm(3,) P<0.05; (325.2±32.2) vs (694.7±36.1)mg, P<0.05; (22.5±1.0) vs (18.7±1.6) d, P<0.05]. Meanwhile, the 5-Aza-CdR group increased the SOX2 protein expression levels and immunohistochemistry scores (0.96±0.25 vs 0.73±0.15, P<0.05; 6.23±0.45 vs 3.76±0.43, P<0.05)., Conclusions: The SOX2 gene promotor is in the status of methylation in the BGC-823 cell. The recovery expression of SOX2 inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and the development of transplanted tumor in nude mice through DNA methyltransferase inhibition. It could suggest a new approach for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Objective: To investigate the effect of baicalein on proliferation and migration of multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines and its molecular mechanism., Methods: The MM cell line RPMI-8226 and U266 cells were used as the model, and treated with different concentration and time of baicalein the effect of baicalein on the MM cells proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. With or without baicalein or Interleukin-6 (IL-6) treatment, the β-catenin protein level was analyzed by immunofluorescence assay and western blot assay and mRNA levels of β-catenin, c-myc, cyclin D1 and integrin 7 gene by RT-PCR. Transwell chamber migration assay was used to detect the cells migration ability with different concentration of baicalein cultured., Results: Baicalein inhibited the MM cell line RPMI 8226 and U266 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It simultaneously inhibited β-catenin protein level to resist the effect of IL-6 on inducing MM cell proliferation, and resulted in decrease of β-catenin, c-myc, cyclinD1 and integrin β7 mRNA levels. Baicalein also decreased migration ability of MM cells in a dose-dependent manner by SDF-1., Conclusion: Baicalein can inhibit MM cells proliferation and migration, and its molecular mechanisms are associated with inhibition of proliferation related genes β-catenin, c-myc, cyclin D1 and integrin β7 expression.

A total of 78 malaria cases were reported in 2010 and the incidence of malaria in this year was 9 per million in Hainan Province. The positive rate of blood tests in floating population was higher than that in local residents, and the antibody-positive rate of residents was higher than that of students, and all the reported malaria patients received the correct treatment. The rate of the therapy for vivax malaria relapse was 96.56% and the rate of prevention medicine in the high-risk groups was 94.15%. Totally 4 086 households were sprayed with insecticides and 26 843 persons were protected. Meanwhile, 153 116 LLINs were used and 250 851 persons were protected. In conclusion, the measures of malaria elimination is effective, however, we should strengthen malaria epidemic reports, case verification, treatment of epidemic foci, malaria prevention on floating population, malaria surveillance and so on.

Objective: To explore the changes of endometrial tissues after the insertion of levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)., Methods: The endometrial tissues were harvested from 21 cases after endometrial polyps resection by hysteroscopy. And the patients received a 1-year follow-up. The immunohistochemical stains for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki-67, bcl-2 and bax were used for semi-quantitative analyses. The changes of endometrial thickness were monitored and uterine weight was observed with a 3-year follow-up., Results: The endometrial thickness and uterine weight declined continuously after the insertion of LNG-IUS. The endometrial thickness decreased from the preoperative level of (9.8 ± 1.2) mm to (3.5 ± 1.0) mm while the uterine weight dropped from the preoperative level of (98.8 ± 8.6) g to (66.6 ± 9.8) g. The expressions of ER, PR and Ki-67 were significantly lower than those of the para-polyps endometrial tissue (P < 0.05). The expressions of bcl-2 and bax were significantly higher than those of the para-polyps endometrial tissue (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: LNG-IUS may prevent the recurrence of uterine endometrial polyps through its inhibited expressions of ER, PR and Ki-67 and induced endometrial apoptosis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of CD45 expression on induction of apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells., Methods: Melphalan was used to induce myeloma cell line U266 apoptosis. Serum-free culture was used to induce CD45RB gene or empty plasmid transfected U266 apoptosis. The glucose-free culture was used to induce high CD45 (CD45(hi)) or low CD45 (CD45(low)) expression AMO1 apoptosis. Intraperitoneal inoculation was used to compare the survival of CD45(-) or CD45(+) U266 cells in mice. The number of apoptotic cells and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the cytochrome C release from mitochondrial and caspase-9 activation., Results: Melphalan treatment induced 45% of CD45(+) and 30% of CD45(-) U266 cells apoptosis. Compared with the CD45(low) AMO1 cells, CD45(hi) cells were more susceptible to apoptosis. In serum-free culture for five days, 60% of CD45RB transferred U266 cells underwent apoptosis, while in the empty plasmid transfected ones, apoptotic cell number was not significantly increased. The survival time of CD45(-) U266 cells in the SCID-hIL-6 mice was 5 times that of CD45(+) cells. After melphalan treatment, 60% of the CD45(+) U266 cells lost MMP, while only 30% of CD45(-) U266 cells, and 10% of control cells did so. After UV irradiation, CD45(+) U266 cells mitochondria released more cytochrome C, leading to more caspase-9 activation., Conclusion: CD45 expression is involved in mitochondria-mediated apoptotic process and increases apoptotic sensitivity of myeloma cells under a variety of stimulation.

Objective: To discuss and evaluate whether a remote critical care program network can improve clinical and economic performance across multiple intensive care units (ICUs)., Methods: The consultative center composed of intensivists and physician extenders to provide remote consultations for the critical patients. Supporting software, including electronic data display and communication interface were available both in the ICU center and at the remote sites. Clinical and economic performance after 1 year application of the program was compared with the performance before the intervention., Results: During January 2008 to July 2009, there had been 63 hospitals in Zhejiang Province joined the network. A total of 1 617 patients had received remote critical care consultations. One hundred and seventy-three remote teaching ward rounds and 72 lectures had been conducted on the network during this period. The before-and after-data comparison for 23 hospitals which had joined the network for longer than 1 year showed that, the program had decreased ICUs raw mortality by 11.6% (12.9% vs. 14.6%), and reduced transfer rate by 38.3% (2.9% vs. 4.7%), and ICUs bed occupancy rate increased by 6.1% (83.4% vs. 78.6%)., Conclusion: The application of a remote critical care program was associated with improved clinical outcomes of critically ill patients and hospital financial performance.

Objective: To study the effect of cigarette smoke on the sexual function of male rats., Methods: Based on Ozyurt's smoking model, we equally divided 30 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats into a control and a smoking group, and exposed the latter to cigarette smoke for 60 days. A week before the end of the experiment, we added 5 female rats to each group and observed their mating through 24-hour video surveillance. Sixty days later, all the rats were killed for the determination of the level of testosterone (T) in the plasma and the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the corpus cavernosum, and Masson-dyeing image analysis of the penile tissue., Results: Compared with the controls, the rats in the smoking group showed a significant reduction in the times of mating, the level of plasma T (P < 0.05) and the activity of NOS in the penile cavernous tissue (P < 0.05), but a slight increase in the collagen fibers and obvious changes in the blood sinuses., Conclusion: Cigarette smoke seriously affected penile erection in the experimental rats. The decrease in plasma T, NOS activity and the area of smooth muscle may be an important mechanism underlying their erectile dysfunction.